JP2021116927A - 液化天然ガスタンクからのボイルオフガスを再凝縮させるためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
液化天然ガスタンクからのボイルオフガスを再凝縮させるためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021116927A JP2021116927A JP2021006371A JP2021006371A JP2021116927A JP 2021116927 A JP2021116927 A JP 2021116927A JP 2021006371 A JP2021006371 A JP 2021006371A JP 2021006371 A JP2021006371 A JP 2021006371A JP 2021116927 A JP2021116927 A JP 2021116927A
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- heat exchanger
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract
Description
(a)ボイルオフガス流を第1の熱交換器において二相冷媒流によって少なくとも部分的に凝縮して、少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流および気体冷媒流を形成することであって、二相冷媒流は、5mol%以下の炭化水素と、窒素およびアルゴンの群から選択される少なくとも1つの、少なくとも90mol%とを含み、二相冷媒流は、第1の熱交換器において気相部分および液相部分を有する、形成することと、
(b)少なくとも部分的に凝縮させられたボイルオフガス流を貯蔵タンクに戻すことと、
(c)気体冷媒流を第2の熱交換器において高圧冷媒流によって加熱し、温められた冷媒流を形成することと、
(d)温められた冷媒流を、圧縮システムにおいて圧縮し、圧縮された冷媒流を形成することと、
(e)圧縮された冷媒流を第3の熱交換器において冷却し、高圧冷媒流を形成することと、
(f)高圧冷媒流を、第2の熱交換器において気体冷媒流によって冷却し、高圧冷却冷媒流を形成することと、
(g)高圧冷却冷媒流を第1の部分および第2の部分に分離させることと、
(h)高圧冷却冷媒流の第2部分を膨張させ、膨張した冷媒流を形成することと、を含む、方法。
(i)ステップ(c)の少なくとも一部を行う前に、膨張した冷媒流を気体冷媒流と組み合わせることをさらに含む、態様1に記載の方法。
(j)ステップ(a)および(b)を行う間、貯蔵タンクの圧力の110%以下の圧力にボイルオフガスを維持することをさらに含む、態様1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
(k)ステップ(h)を行うことにより回収されたエネルギーを使用して、圧縮システムまたは発電機の少なくとも一部を駆動することをさらに含む、態様1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
(l)第2の熱交換器において天然ガス流を気体冷媒流によって凝縮させることをさらに含む、態様1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
(m)凝縮熱交換機を通るボイルオフガス流の増大した流れを生じるブロワを提供することをさらに含む、態様1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
(n)ステップ(b)を行う前に、少なくとも部分的に凝縮させられたボイルオフガス流を蒸気流と液体流とに相分離させ、液体流のみに対してステップ(b)を行うことをさらに含む、態様1〜12のいずれかに記載の方法。
(o)貯蔵タンクの蒸気スペースに配置されたスプレーヘッダーを通って、貯蔵タンクから液体天然ガスをポンピングすることをさらに含む、態様1〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
(p)気体冷媒流の圧力および第1の設定点に関して第1の弁の位置を制御することであって、第1の弁は第1熱交換器の下流にかつ第2の熱交換器の上流に配置されており、気体冷媒流と流体連通している、制御することと、
(q)貯蔵タンクの圧力に関して第1の設定点を設定することと、をさらに含む、態様1〜14のいずれかに記載の方法。
(r)ステップ(c)を行う前の気体冷媒流の温度と、冷却冷媒流の温度との間の差を、第2熱交換器の下流かつ第1熱交換器の上流における冷却冷媒流と流体流連通して配置された膨張弁の位置を制御することによって、第2の所定の範囲内に維持することをさらに含む、態様1〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
貯蔵タンクから引き出されたボイルオフガス流を、二相冷媒流によって少なくとも部分的に凝縮させ、貯蔵タンクに戻される気体冷媒流と、少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流とを生成するように適合された第1の熱交換器であって、二相冷媒流は、5mol%以下の炭化水素と、窒素およびアルゴンの群から選択される1つの少なくとも90mol%とを含む、第1の熱交換機と、
気体冷媒流を、高圧冷却冷媒流によって冷却し、温められた冷媒流を形成するように適合された第2の熱交換器と、
温められた冷媒流を圧縮して圧縮された冷媒流を形成するように適合られた少なくとも1つの圧縮段と、圧縮された冷媒流を冷却して高圧冷媒流を形成するように適合された第3の熱交換器とを有する、圧縮システムと、
高圧冷却冷媒流の第2の部分を等エントロピー的に膨張させ、気体冷媒流と流体流連通した、膨張した冷媒流を形成するように適合された膨張装置と、
高圧冷却冷媒流の第1の部分を膨張させ、二相冷媒流を形成することができるように適合された弁と、を備える、ボイルオフガス再凝縮システム。
貯蔵タンクから引き出されたボイルオフガス流を、二相冷媒流によって少なくとも部分的に凝縮させ、貯蔵タンクに戻される少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流と、気体冷媒流とを生成するように適合された第1の熱交換器であって、二相冷媒流は、5mol%以下の炭化水素と、窒素およびアルゴンの群から選択される1つの少なくとも90mol%とを含む、第1の熱交換機と、
気体冷媒流を、高圧冷却冷媒流によって冷却し、温められた冷媒流を形成するように適合された第2の熱交換器と、
温められた冷媒流を圧縮して圧縮された冷媒流を形成するように適合された少なくとも1つの圧縮段と、圧縮された冷媒流を冷却して高圧冷媒流を形成するように適合された第3の熱交換器とを有する、圧縮システムと、
高圧冷却冷媒流の第2の部分を等エントロピー的に膨張させ、気体冷媒流と流体流連通した、膨張した冷媒流を形成するように適合された膨張装置と、
高圧冷却冷媒流の第1の部分を膨張させ、二相冷媒流を形成することができるように適合された弁と、を備える、ボイルオフガス再凝縮システム。
Claims (20)
- 貯蔵タンクから天然ガスを含むボイルオフガス流を再凝縮させるための方法であって、前記方法は:
(a)前記ボイルオフガス流を第1の熱交換器において二相冷媒流によって少なくとも部分的に凝縮して、少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流および気体冷媒流を形成することであって、前記二相冷媒流は、5mol%以下の炭化水素と、窒素およびアルゴンの群から選択される少なくとも1つの、少なくとも90mol%とを含み、前記二相冷媒流は、前記第1の熱交換器において気相部分および液相部分を有する、形成することと、
(b)前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流を前記貯蔵タンクに戻すことと、
(c)前記気体冷媒流を第2の熱交換器において高圧冷媒流によって加熱し、温められた冷媒流を形成することと、
(d)前記温められた冷媒流を圧縮システムにおいて圧縮し、圧縮された冷媒流を形成することと、
(e)前記圧縮された冷媒流を第3の熱交換器において冷却し、前記高圧冷媒流を形成することと、
(f)前記高圧冷媒流を前記第2の熱交換器において前記気体冷媒流によって冷却し、高圧冷却冷媒流を形成することと、
(g)前記高圧冷却冷媒流を第1の部分および第2の部分に分離させることと、
(h)前記高圧冷却冷媒流の前記第2の部分を膨張させ、膨張した冷媒流を形成することと、を含む、方法。 - (i)ステップ(c)の少なくとも一部を行う前に、前記膨張した冷媒流を前記気体冷媒流と組み合わせることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(i)は、ステップ(c)を行う前に、前記膨張した冷媒流を前記気体冷媒流および前記冷却冷媒流の一部と組み合わせることをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)が、前記ボイルオフガス流を前記第1の熱交換器内において実質的に一定の温度で前記二相冷媒流によって少なくとも部分的に凝縮させ、前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮させられたボイルオフガス流および前記気体冷媒流を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (j)ステップ(a)および(b)を行う間、前記貯蔵タンクの圧力の110%以下の圧力に前記ボイルオフガスを維持することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は、前記ボイルオフガス流を前記第1の熱交換器の第1の容器において、第2の容器を通流する前記二相冷媒流によって少なくとも部分的に凝縮させ、前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流および前記気体冷媒流を形成することをさらに含み、前記第1の容器は前記第2の容器内に収容されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記二相冷媒流は、少なくとも99%の窒素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(i)は、
(i)ステップ(c)の冷却の一部が前記気体冷媒流において行われた後、前記膨張した冷媒流を前記気体冷媒流と組み合わせることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - (l)前記第2の熱交換器において天然ガス流を前記気体冷媒流によって凝縮させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (m)凝縮熱交換器を通る前記ボイルオフガス流の増大した流れを生じるブロワを提供することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (n)ステップ(b)を行う前に、前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流を蒸気流と液体流とに相分離させ、前記液体流のみに対してステップ(b)を行うことをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (p)前記気体冷媒流の圧力および第1の設定点に関して第1の弁の位置を制御することであって、前記第1の弁は前記第1の熱交換器の下流かつ前記第2の熱交換器の上流に配置されており、前記気体冷媒流と流体流連通している、制御することと、
(q)前記貯蔵タンクの圧力に関して前記第1の設定点を設定することと、をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - ステップ(q)は、前記第1の設定点を、前記貯蔵タンクの前記圧力および前記圧縮システムの電力消費に関して設定することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- (r)ステップ(c)を行う前の前記気体冷媒流の温度と、冷却冷媒流の温度との間の差を、前記第2の熱交換器の下流かつ前記第1の熱交換器の上流における前記冷却冷媒流と流体流連通して配置された膨張弁の位置を制御することによって、第2の所定の範囲内に維持することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ボイルオフガス再凝縮システムであって、
貯蔵タンクから引き出されたボイルオフガス流を、二相冷媒流によって少なくとも部分的に凝縮させ、前記貯蔵タンクに戻される気体冷媒流と、少なくとも部分的に凝縮されたボイルオフガス流とを生成するように適合された第1の熱交換器であって、前記二相冷媒流は、5mol%以下の炭化水素と、窒素およびアルゴンの群から選択される1つの少なくとも90mol%とを含む、第1の熱交換機と、
前記気体冷媒流を、高圧冷却冷媒流によって冷却し、温められた冷媒流を形成するように適合された第2の熱交換器と、
前記温められた冷媒流を圧縮して圧縮された冷媒流を形成するように適合させられた少なくとも1つの圧縮段と、前記圧縮された冷媒流を冷却して高圧冷媒流を形成するように適合された第3の熱交換器とを有する、圧縮システムと、
前記高圧冷却冷媒流の第2の部分を等エントロピー的に膨張させ、前記気体冷媒流と流体流連通した、膨張した冷媒流を形成するように適合された膨張装置と、
前記高圧冷却冷媒流の第1の部分を膨張させ、前記二相冷媒流を形成することができるように適合された弁と、を備える、ボイルオフガス再凝縮システム。 - 前記第1の熱交換器は、実質的に一定の温度で前記ボイルオフガス流を少なくとも部分的に凝縮させるように適合されている、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは、前記ボイルオフガスが前記ボイルオフガス流として前記貯蔵タンクから引き出される点から、前記ボイルオフガスが前記貯蔵タンクに前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮させられたボイルオフガス流として戻される点まで、前記貯蔵タンクの圧力の110%以下の圧力に前記ボイルオフガスを維持するように適合されている、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の熱交換器は、前記ボイルオフガス流と流体流連通した内側容器と、前記二相冷媒流と流体流連通した外側容器と、を備え、前記内側容器は、前記外側容器内に収容されている、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記気体冷媒流の圧力および第1の設定点に関して第1の弁の位置を設定するように適合された少なくとも1つの制御装置をさらに備え、前記第1の弁は、前記第1の熱交換器の下流かつ前記第2の熱交換器の上流に配置されており、かつ前記気体冷媒流と流体流連通しており、前記第1の設定点は、前記貯蔵タンクの圧力に関連している、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの制御装置は、前記気体冷媒流の温度と冷却冷媒流の温度との間の差を、前記第2の熱交換器の下流かつ前記第1の熱交換器の上流の前記冷却冷媒流と流体流連通して配置された膨張弁の位置を制御することによって、第2の所定の範囲内に維持するようにさらに適合されている、請求項15に記載のシステム。
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Patent Citations (5)
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JPS4990277A (ja) * | 1972-12-18 | 1974-08-28 | ||
GB2069119A (en) * | 1980-02-13 | 1981-08-19 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Refrigeration process |
JPH02157583A (ja) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-06-18 | Air Prod And Chem Inc | ボイルオフガス液化方法の改良 |
JPH02183788A (ja) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-07-18 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | ヘリウム液化・冷凍装置の運転制御方法 |
DE102013001970A1 (de) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verflüssigung einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion |
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US20210231366A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
CN113154797B (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
CA3105933C (en) | 2023-07-18 |
EP3865799A3 (en) | 2021-12-15 |
EP3865799A2 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
CA3105933A1 (en) | 2021-07-23 |
AU2021200263A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
AU2021200263B2 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
SA121420386B1 (ar) | 2024-01-15 |
US20240003618A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
EP3865799B1 (en) | 2024-09-18 |
KR20210095571A (ko) | 2021-08-02 |
JP7198294B2 (ja) | 2022-12-28 |
KR102485538B1 (ko) | 2023-01-05 |
CN113154797A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
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