JP2021038599A - Water stop device and water stop method - Google Patents
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- JP2021038599A JP2021038599A JP2019161828A JP2019161828A JP2021038599A JP 2021038599 A JP2021038599 A JP 2021038599A JP 2019161828 A JP2019161828 A JP 2019161828A JP 2019161828 A JP2019161828 A JP 2019161828A JP 2021038599 A JP2021038599 A JP 2021038599A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 239
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、止水装置、及び止水方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a water stop device and a water stop method.
止水方法、中でも凍結工法の一例として、例えば、特許文献１には、コンクリート壁の湧水している大口径開口部の周辺に、所定間隔で多数の凍結材注入孔をコンクリート壁を貫通するように削孔し、その注入孔から凍結材を注入して、開口部から吐出している湧水あるいは吐出水を凍結させ、開口部からの湧水あるいは吐出水が凍結した後、前記凍結材注入孔の間に、新たに止水材注入孔を、コンクリート壁を貫通するように削孔し、凍結部が融解するまでの時間内に、止水材注入孔から止水材を注入し、壁背面の流水部を硬化させる技術が開示されている。 As an example of a water stopping method, particularly a freezing method, in Patent Document 1, for example, in Patent Document 1, a large number of frozen material injection holes are penetrated through a concrete wall at predetermined intervals around a large-diameter opening in which water is springing from the concrete wall. The frozen material is injected through the injection hole to freeze the spring water or discharged water discharged from the opening, and after the spring water or discharged water discharged from the opening is frozen, the frozen material is formed. A new water blocking material injection hole is drilled between the injection holes so as to penetrate the concrete wall, and the water blocking material is injected from the water blocking material injection hole within the time until the frozen part is thawed. A technique for hardening a flowing water portion on the back surface of a wall is disclosed.
従来の地盤改良に代えて、凍結工法の適用機会が増加している。従来技術として、出水（湧水ともいう）がある場合、出水箇所の周辺に凍結材を注入して出水を凍結し、第二次処理として、凍結後、止水材を注入して出水箇所を硬化させる技術がある（例えば、特許文献１）。しかしながら、出水箇所、換言すると水に動きがある箇所では、地盤の凍結が困難な場合もある。 Opportunities to apply the freezing method are increasing instead of the conventional ground improvement. As a conventional technique, when there is a flood (also called a spring), a frozen material is injected around the flooded part to freeze the flooded water, and as a secondary treatment, after freezing, a water blocking material is injected to make the flooded part. There is a technique for curing (for example, Patent Document 1). However, it may be difficult to freeze the ground at flooding points, in other words, where there is movement in the water.
本発明は、上記の問題に鑑み、従来よりも確実に出水を止水できる新たな止水技術を提供することを課題とする。 In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new water stopping technique capable of stopping water discharge more reliably than before.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明では、水に動きがある箇所では地盤の凍結が困難な場合があることに着目し、出水箇所における水の流れを制御して、凍結させることとした。 In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, attention is paid to the fact that it may be difficult to freeze the ground in a place where water is moving, and it is decided to control the flow of water in the place where water flows out to freeze it.
詳細には、本発明は、出水箇所を覆い、出水箇所からの出水を貯留する冷却可能な貯留部を備える、止水装置である。 In particular, the present invention is a water stop device that covers a water outlet and includes a coolable storage unit that stores water from the water outlet.
本発明に係る止水装置によれば、出水を貯留することで、凍結し易いように水の動きを制御して熱交換することが可能となる。その結果、水に動きが有る出水箇所においても、出水を凍結して止水することができる。止水剤を用いないことから、出水箇所への影響を抑えつつ、止水することができる。 According to the water stop device according to the present invention, by storing the discharged water, it is possible to control the movement of the water so that it is easily frozen and exchange heat. As a result, the flood can be frozen and stopped even at the flooding point where the water is moving. Since no water blocking agent is used, it is possible to stop the water while suppressing the influence on the water discharge point.
また、本発明は、冷却媒体を供給する供給部から供給される冷却媒体が流れる冷却配管と、冷却配管が設けられ、出水箇所を覆い、出水箇所からの出水を貯留する貯留部とを備える、止水装置である。 Further, the present invention includes a cooling pipe through which a cooling medium supplied from a supply unit for supplying a cooling medium flows, and a storage unit provided with a cooling pipe, which covers a water discharge point and stores water flow from the water discharge point. It is a water stop device.
本発明に係る止水装置によれば、出水を貯留し、凍結し易いように水の動きを制御して熱交換することで、出水を凍結して止水することができる。止水剤を用いないことから、出水箇所への影響を抑えつつ、止水することができる。 According to the water stop device according to the present invention, the water can be frozen and stopped by storing the water and controlling the movement of the water so that it can be easily frozen and exchanging heat. Since no water blocking agent is used, it is possible to stop the water while suppressing the influence on the water discharge point.
冷却媒体には、極低温冷却媒体を用いることができる。極低温冷却媒体の冷熱を利用することで、短時間で止水することができる。極低温冷却媒体は、液体空気とすることができる。液体空気（液化空気ともいう）は、空気を液化したものであり、常圧下の沸点は約−１９０℃である。液体空気を用いることで、止水装置で使用した液体空気を排出することができる。極低温冷却媒体には、例えば、液体窒素（常圧下の沸点は、約−１９６℃）を用いることもできる。液体窒素を用いる場合、現場内（特に、トンネルのように空気の流れが少なく換気が必要される現場）に排出すると、現場内の酸素が不足することが懸念される。これに対し、液体空気を用いる場合、液体窒素を用いる場合と比較して、酸素不足を低減できる。 A cryogenic cooling medium can be used as the cooling medium. Water can be stopped in a short time by using the cold heat of the cryogenic cooling medium. The cryogenic cooling medium can be liquid air. Liquid air (also referred to as liquefied air) is liquefied air and has a boiling point of about −190 ° C. under normal pressure. By using liquid air, the liquid air used in the water stop device can be discharged. For example, liquid nitrogen (boiling point under normal pressure is about -196 ° C.) can be used as the cryogenic cooling medium. When liquid nitrogen is used, if it is discharged into the site (particularly, a site where air flow is small and ventilation is required such as a tunnel), there is a concern that oxygen in the site will be insufficient. On the other hand, when liquid air is used, oxygen deficiency can be reduced as compared with the case where liquid nitrogen is used.
ここで、貯留部は、出水箇所を覆う面状のプレート部と、プレート部の外縁部に設けられ、出水箇所の周囲に接続されるとともに、出水を堰き止める囲い部と、プレート部に設けられ、貯留する出水を外部に導水する導水部と、を有する構成としてもよい。 Here, the storage portion is provided on the planar plate portion that covers the water discharge portion, the outer edge portion of the plate portion, is connected to the periphery of the water discharge portion, and is provided on the enclosure portion that blocks the flood portion and the plate portion. , It may be configured to have a headrace portion for guiding the stored water to the outside.
出水箇所の面と、プレート部、及び囲い部で囲まれた貯留空間に出水を貯留することができる。また、貯留した出水は、導水部から外部に導水、換言すると排出することができる。これにより、貯留する出水の量や、貯留する出水の流れを制御することができる。なお、配管は、貯留部の内部に埋め込むようにしてもよく、また、貯留部の外側に接続してもよい。また、貯留空間に貯留された出水に冷却媒体を直接供給するようにしてもよい。 Water can be stored in a storage space surrounded by the surface of the water discharge point, the plate portion, and the enclosure portion. In addition, the stored flood water can be guided to the outside from the headrace, in other words, discharged. This makes it possible to control the amount of discharged water to be stored and the flow of discharged water to be stored. The pipe may be embedded inside the storage unit or may be connected to the outside of the storage unit. Further, the cooling medium may be directly supplied to the discharge water stored in the storage space.
貯留部は、プレート部と、囲い部とのうち、少なくとも何れか一方に設けられ、貯留部を出水箇所に固定する接続部を更に備える構成としてもよい。固定部は、ボルトなどの接続部材やボルト孔を含む構成としてもよい。また、固定部は、大気圧と接続部内の圧力との差圧を利用して吸着する真空吸着部で構成してもよい。また、接続部の内部に配管を埋め込み、冷却配管を流れる冷却媒体の冷熱の作用により、貯留部に付着した水分を凍結させることで、貯留部を出水箇所の周囲に接続するようにしてもよい。 The storage portion may be provided in at least one of the plate portion and the enclosure portion, and may further include a connection portion for fixing the storage portion to the water outlet. The fixing portion may be configured to include a connecting member such as a bolt or a bolt hole. Further, the fixed portion may be composed of a vacuum suction portion that sucks by utilizing the differential pressure between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the connecting portion. Further, a pipe may be embedded inside the connection portion, and the storage portion may be connected to the periphery of the water discharge point by freezing the water adhering to the storage portion by the action of the cooling heat of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling pipe. ..
ここで、導水部は、出水箇所の近傍に配置し、導水量を調整可能な導水量調整部を含む構成としてもよい。導水部を出水箇所の近傍に配置し、導水量を調整可能とすることで、貯留する出水の水の動きを抑制できる。貯留空間が出水で十分に満たされるように、導水量を調整することで、貯留空間内における水の動きを最小限に抑えることができる。その結果、出水が凍結し易くなる。 Here, the water conveyance unit may be arranged in the vicinity of the water discharge portion and may include a water conveyance amount adjusting unit capable of adjusting the water conveyance amount. By arranging the water-conducting portion in the vicinity of the water-flowing point and making it possible to adjust the amount of water-conducting, the movement of the stored water can be suppressed. By adjusting the amount of water conduction so that the storage space is sufficiently filled with flood water, the movement of water in the storage space can be minimized. As a result, the flood water tends to freeze.
本発明に係る止水装置は、冷却媒体を供給する供給部と、供給部から供給される冷却媒体を配管へ送る供給配管と、を更に備えるものでもよい。これにより、冷却媒体の供給が可能となる。 The water stop device according to the present invention may further include a supply unit that supplies a cooling medium and a supply pipe that sends the cooling medium supplied from the supply unit to the pipe. This makes it possible to supply the cooling medium.
ここで、本発明は、止水方法として特定してもよい。例えば、本発明は、出水箇所を特定する特定工程と、特定工程で特定した出水箇所からの出水を貯留し、凍結し易いように水の動きを制御して熱交換することで、出水を凍結して止水する止水工程と、を含む止水方法である。 Here, the present invention may be specified as a water stopping method. For example, the present invention freezes water by storing water from a specific process for specifying a water discharge point and water from the water discharge point specified in the specific process, and controlling the movement of water to facilitate freezing and exchanging heat. It is a water stopping method including a water stopping step of stopping water.
本発明に係る止水方法によれば、出水を凍結して止水することができる。止水剤を用いないことから、出水箇所への影響を抑えつつ、止水することができる。 According to the water stopping method according to the present invention, the water discharge can be frozen to stop the water. Since no water blocking agent is used, it is possible to stop the water while suppressing the influence on the water discharge point.
本発明に係る止水方法は、特定工程で出水箇所を特定した後、出水範囲を減少させる準備工程を更に含むものでもよい。準備工程を行うことで、より確実に止水することができる。 The water stopping method according to the present invention may further include a preparatory step of reducing the water discharge range after specifying the water discharge location in the specific step. By performing the preparatory process, the water can be stopped more reliably.
また、止水工程では、貯留した出水を外部に導水してもよい。これにより、貯留する出水の量や、貯留する出水の流れを制御することができる。また、止水工程では、出水箇所の近傍から導水量を調整しながら導水するようにしてもよい。これにより、貯留された水の動きを最小限に抑えることができる。その結果、出水が凍結し易くなる。 Further, in the water stopping step, the stored water may be guided to the outside. This makes it possible to control the amount of discharged water to be stored and the flow of discharged water to be stored. Further, in the water stopping step, water may be conducted while adjusting the amount of water conducted from the vicinity of the water discharge point. As a result, the movement of the stored water can be minimized. As a result, the flood water tends to freeze.
本発明によれば、従来よりも確実に出水を止水できる新たな止水技術を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a new water stopping technique capable of stopping water discharge more reliably than before.
次に、本発明の実施形態について図面に基づいて説明する。以下の説明は例示であり、本発明は以下の内容に限定されるものではない。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following description is an example, and the present invention is not limited to the following contents.
＜実施形態＞
＜止水装置の構成＞
図１は、実施形態に係る止水装置の正面図を示す。図２は、実施形態に係る止水装置の背面図を示す。止水装置１００は、供給部２、供給配管３、冷却配管１０１、貯留部１０２を備える。貯留部１０２は、プレート部１０３、囲い部１０４、導水部１０５、固定部１０６を含む。なお、図１、図２では、冷却配管１０１及び貯留部１０２は、供給部２及び供給配管３と比較して拡大（強調）して示す。
<Embodiment>
<Structure of water stop device>
FIG. 1 shows a front view of the water stop device according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a rear view of the water stop device according to the embodiment. The water stop device 100 includes a supply unit 2, a supply pipe 3, a cooling pipe 101, and a storage unit 102. The storage unit 102 includes a plate unit 103, an enclosure unit 104, a water guide unit 105, and a fixing unit 106. In addition, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cooling pipe 101 and the storage unit 102 are shown enlarged (emphasized) as compared with the supply unit 2 and the supply pipe 3.
供給部２は、冷却媒体としての液体空気を貯蔵し、貯蔵する液体空気を供給する。液体空気（液化空気ともいう）は、空気を液化したものであり、常圧下の沸点は約−１９０℃である。冷却媒体には、例えば、液体窒素（常圧下の沸点は、約−１９６℃）を用いてもよい。また、冷却媒体には、液体空気や液体窒素よりも温度の高いブライン（例えば、約−３０℃の塩化カルシウム水溶液）を用いるようにしてもよい。なお、供給部２は、止水装置１００とは別の装置として構成してもよい。 The supply unit 2 stores liquid air as a cooling medium and supplies the stored liquid air. Liquid air (also referred to as liquefied air) is liquefied air and has a boiling point of about −190 ° C. under normal pressure. As the cooling medium, for example, liquid nitrogen (boiling point under normal pressure is about -196 ° C.) may be used. Further, as the cooling medium, brine having a temperature higher than that of liquid air or liquid nitrogen (for example, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride at about −30 ° C.) may be used. The supply unit 2 may be configured as a device different from the water stop device 100.
供給配管３は、一端が供給部２と接続され、他端が冷却配管１０１の入口側と接続され、内部を液体空気が流れる。供給配管３には、液体空気を流すことができるフレキシブルホースを用いることができる。供給配管３は、冷熱が逃げないよう、周囲が断熱材（例えば、発泡ポリエチレン）で覆われていることが好ましい。供給配管３は、止水装置１００とは別の装置として構成してもよい。なお、実施形態では、供給配管３と同様にフレキシブルホースで構成された排出配管３１が冷却配管１０１の出口側と接続され、熱交換後の液体空気を排出可能となっている。なお、再利用できる冷却媒体を用いる場合には、冷却媒体が供給部２と冷却配管１０１との間で循環できるよう、供給配管３は、供給部２と冷却配管１０１に接続してもよい。 One end of the supply pipe 3 is connected to the supply unit 2, the other end is connected to the inlet side of the cooling pipe 101, and liquid air flows inside. A flexible hose capable of flowing liquid air can be used for the supply pipe 3. The supply pipe 3 is preferably covered with a heat insulating material (for example, polyethylene foam) so that cold heat does not escape. The supply pipe 3 may be configured as a device different from the water stop device 100. In the embodiment, the discharge pipe 31 composed of the flexible hose is connected to the outlet side of the cooling pipe 101 as in the supply pipe 3, so that the liquid air after heat exchange can be discharged. When a reusable cooling medium is used, the supply pipe 3 may be connected to the supply unit 2 and the cooling pipe 101 so that the cooling medium can circulate between the supply unit 2 and the cooling pipe 101.
貯留部１０２は、出水箇所を覆い、出水箇所からの出水を貯留する。貯留部１０２は、プレート部１０３、囲い部１０４、導水部１０５、固定部１０６を含む。プレート部１０３は、プレート状の鋼製部材で構成され、出水箇所を覆う。実施形態に係るプレート部１０３は、矩形状である。囲い部１０４は、出水箇所の周囲に接続されるとともに、出水を堰き止める。囲い部１０４は、棒状の鋼製部材で構成され、プレート部１０３の外縁部の内側に、プレート部１０３の背面から突出するように設けられている。また、囲い部１０４は、出水箇所との接続面に、出水の漏れを抑制する水漏れ抑制部としての止水ゴム１０４ａが設けられている。また、実施形態では、貯留部１０２を垂直壁に設置した場合において、上部が開放するよう囲い部１０４が設けられている。出水箇所の面と、プレート部１０３及び囲い部１０４で囲まれた貯留空間１０７に出水が貯留される。導水部１０５は、プレート部１０３の中央付近に設けられた貫通孔からなり、貯留する出水を外部に導水する。また、導水部１０５には、導水する水量を調整するバルブ１０５ａ（本発明の導水量調整部の一例）が設けられている。固定部１０６は、貯留部１０２を出水箇所に固定する。固定部１０６は、プレート部１０３の外縁部に間隔を空けて形成された複数のボルト孔１０６ａとボルト孔１０６ａに固定されるボルト１０６ｂを含む構成である。固定部１０６は、大気圧と固定部１０６内の圧力との差圧を利用して吸着する真空吸着部で構成してもよい。プレート部１０３及び囲い部１０４は、ステンレス、銅、銀などの金属でもよい。また、プレート部１０３及び囲い部１０４の形状は、上記に限定されない。例えば、貯留部１０２を天井や床に接続することを想定して、囲い部１０４は、一部を開放せずに、プレート部１０３の外縁部の内側を一周するように設けてもよい。 The storage unit 102 covers the water outlet and stores the water from the water outlet. The storage unit 102 includes a plate unit 103, an enclosure unit 104, a water guide unit 105, and a fixing unit 106. The plate portion 103 is made of a plate-shaped steel member and covers the water discharge portion. The plate portion 103 according to the embodiment has a rectangular shape. The enclosure 104 is connected to the periphery of the flood point and blocks the flood. The enclosure 104 is made of a rod-shaped steel member, and is provided inside the outer edge of the plate 103 so as to project from the back surface of the plate 103. Further, the enclosure 104 is provided with a water blocking rubber 104a as a water leakage suppressing portion for suppressing the leakage of water on the connecting surface with the water discharge portion. Further, in the embodiment, when the storage portion 102 is installed on the vertical wall, the enclosure portion 104 is provided so that the upper portion is opened. The water is stored in the surface of the water discharge point and the storage space 107 surrounded by the plate portion 103 and the enclosure portion 104. The water guide portion 105 is formed of a through hole provided near the center of the plate portion 103, and guides the stored water to the outside. Further, the water conducting unit 105 is provided with a valve 105a (an example of the water conducting amount adjusting unit of the present invention) for adjusting the amount of water to be conducted. The fixing unit 106 fixes the storage unit 102 to the water outlet. The fixing portion 106 has a configuration including a plurality of bolt holes 106a formed at intervals on the outer edge portion of the plate portion 103 and bolts 106b fixed to the bolt holes 106a. The fixing portion 106 may be composed of a vacuum suction portion that sucks by utilizing the difference pressure between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the fixing portion 106. The plate portion 103 and the enclosure portion 104 may be made of a metal such as stainless steel, copper, or silver. Further, the shapes of the plate portion 103 and the enclosure portion 104 are not limited to the above. For example, assuming that the storage portion 102 is connected to the ceiling or the floor, the enclosure portion 104 may be provided so as to go around the inside of the outer edge portion of the plate portion 103 without opening a part thereof.
なお、止水装置１００は、貯留部１０２を覆う貯留部用断熱部（図示せず）を更に備える構成としてもよい。貯留部用断熱部は、プレート部１０３や囲い部１０４を覆う。貯留部用断熱部は、例えば、発泡ポリエチレン製とすることができる。貯留部用断熱部を備える構成とすることで、効率よく熱交換、すなわち冷却することができる。 The water stop device 100 may be further provided with a heat insulating portion (not shown) for the storage portion that covers the storage portion 102. The heat insulating portion for the storage portion covers the plate portion 103 and the surrounding portion 104. The heat insulating part for the storage part can be made of foamed polyethylene, for example. By providing a heat insulating portion for the storage portion, heat exchange, that is, cooling can be performed efficiently.
冷却配管１０１は、貯留空間１０７に設けられ、貯留された出水を冷却する。冷却配管１０１は、供給配管３を介して供給される液体空気が流れる。冷却配管１０１の出口側に接続された排出配管３１を介して、液体空気が排出され、一部が気化する。実施形態に係る冷却配管１０１は、断面が円形の鋼製の配管からなり、直線部と曲げ部（Ｕ型）が連続して連なる、ジグザグ形状で構成されている。冷却配管１０１は、液体空気を流すことができる材質であればよく、鋼製に限定されない。冷却配管１０１は、ステンレス、銅、銀などの金属でもよい。また、冷却配管１０１の断面形状は、矩形、三角形など、円形以外の形状でもよい。また、冷却配管１０１の形状は、冷熱を貯留された出水へ均一に伝達できればよく、ジグザグ形状に限定されない。冷却配管１０１は、分岐部と、分岐部に連なる平行する複数の小配管とを設けるようにしてもよい。また、冷却配管１０１は、渦巻き形状としてもよい。また、冷却配管１０１は、薄い面状でもよい。 The cooling pipe 101 is provided in the storage space 107 to cool the stored water flow. Liquid air supplied through the supply pipe 3 flows through the cooling pipe 101. Liquid air is discharged through the discharge pipe 31 connected to the outlet side of the cooling pipe 101, and a part of the liquid air is vaporized. The cooling pipe 101 according to the embodiment is made of steel with a circular cross section, and has a zigzag shape in which a straight portion and a bent portion (U-shape) are continuously connected. The cooling pipe 101 may be made of any material as long as it can flow liquid air, and is not limited to steel. The cooling pipe 101 may be made of a metal such as stainless steel, copper, or silver. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the cooling pipe 101 may be a shape other than a circular shape such as a rectangle or a triangle. Further, the shape of the cooling pipe 101 is not limited to the zigzag shape as long as the cold heat can be uniformly transmitted to the stored water outlet. The cooling pipe 101 may be provided with a branch portion and a plurality of parallel small pipes connected to the branch portion. Further, the cooling pipe 101 may have a spiral shape. Further, the cooling pipe 101 may have a thin surface shape.
貯留部１０２は、貯留部１０２を出水箇所に接続する際に持ち手として機能する把持部を更に備える構成としてもよい。把持部を備える構成とすることで、作業効率を向上することができる。 The storage unit 102 may be further provided with a grip portion that functions as a handle when the storage unit 102 is connected to the water outlet. Work efficiency can be improved by providing a grip portion.
＜止水方法＞
図３から図１０は、止水方法を説明する図を示す。以下、止水方法の一例として、止水装置１００によって、大深度の地盤内に構築されるトンネルにおける出水を止水する場合について説明する。
<Water stop method>
3 to 10 show a diagram illustrating a water stopping method. Hereinafter, as an example of the water stopping method, a case where the water stopping device 100 is used to stop the water flow in the tunnel constructed in the deep ground will be described.
図３は、出水箇所からの出水の状況を示す。ステップ０１では、出水箇所が特定される（本発明の特定工程の一例）。図３では、トンネルのセグメントＳの隙間（縦方向に延びる隙間）が出水箇所となっており、出水箇所として特定される。 FIG. 3 shows the situation of flooding from the flooding point. In step 01, the water discharge point is specified (an example of the specific step of the present invention). In FIG. 3, the gap (gap extending in the vertical direction) of the segment S of the tunnel is the water discharge point, and is specified as the water discharge point.
図４は、出水範囲を縮小する状況を示す。ステップ０２では、出水範囲が縮小される（本発明の準備工程の一例）。具体的には、出水箇所にウエス等の詰め物１１０をすることで、出水範囲が縮小される。 FIG. 4 shows a situation in which the flood range is reduced. In step 02, the water discharge range is reduced (an example of the preparation step of the present invention). Specifically, the flooding range is reduced by filling the flooding point with a padding 110 such as a waste cloth.
図５は、止水装置を固定する状況を示す。ステップ０３では、止水装置１００の貯留部１０２が出水箇所を覆うように接続される。具体的には、出水箇所と導水部１０５が一致するように貯留部１０２の接続場所が位置決めされ、プレート部１０３のボルト孔１０６ａに対応する出水箇所の面にセグメント側のボルト孔（図示せず）が形成され、貯留部１０２がボルト１０６ｂで出水箇所に接続される。ステップ０３から後述するステップ０７は、本発明の止水工程の一例である。 FIG. 5 shows a situation in which the water stop device is fixed. In step 03, the storage portion 102 of the water stop device 100 is connected so as to cover the water discharge location. Specifically, the connection location of the storage unit 102 is positioned so that the water discharge location and the water conveyance portion 105 coincide with each other, and the bolt hole on the segment side (not shown) is on the surface of the water discharge portion corresponding to the bolt hole 106a of the plate portion 103. ) Is formed, and the storage portion 102 is connected to the water outlet with a bolt 106b. Step 07, which will be described later from step 03, is an example of the water stopping step of the present invention.
図６は、止水装置が固定され、出水が貯留され、導水部から出水が導水されている状況を示す。ステップ０４では、出水が貯留され、導水部１０５から出水が導水（外部に排出）される。 FIG. 6 shows a situation in which the water stop device is fixed, the outflow water is stored, and the outflow water is conducted from the water conveyance portion. In step 04, the discharge water is stored, and the discharge water is conducted (discharged to the outside) from the headrace section 105.
図７は、冷却配管、供給配管、排出配管、及び供給部が設置された状況を示す。ステップ０５では、冷却配管１０１、供給配管３、排出配管３１、及び供給部２が設置される。具体的には、供給部２に接続された供給配管３が、冷却配管１０１に接続され、冷却配管１０１が貯留空間１０７内に配置される。なお、冷却配管１０１は、貯留部１０２に予め固定しておいてもよい。 FIG. 7 shows a situation in which the cooling pipe, the supply pipe, the discharge pipe, and the supply unit are installed. In step 05, the cooling pipe 101, the supply pipe 3, the discharge pipe 31, and the supply unit 2 are installed. Specifically, the supply pipe 3 connected to the supply unit 2 is connected to the cooling pipe 101, and the cooling pipe 101 is arranged in the storage space 107. The cooling pipe 101 may be fixed to the storage unit 102 in advance.
図８は、止水装置により出水箇所を冷却する状況を示す。ステップ０６では、止水装置１００により出水箇所が冷却され、止水される。具体的には、供給部２から冷却媒体の供給が開始される。一方、貯留空間１０７に貯留された出水が、貯留部１０２の上部から溢れないように、導水部１０５のバルブ１０５ａによって、導水される水量が調整される。図９は、貯留部１０２を背面側から見た図であり、貯留された出水の状況を示す。図９に示すように、貯留空間１０７に出水が貯留され、囲い部１０４が設けられていない、貯留部１０２の上部の開放部分から貯留された出水が溢れないように、導水される水量が調整される。 FIG. 8 shows a situation in which the water outlet is cooled by the water stop device. In step 06, the water stop device 100 cools the water outlet and stops the water. Specifically, the supply of the cooling medium is started from the supply unit 2. On the other hand, the amount of water to be conducted is adjusted by the valve 105a of the water conducting unit 105 so that the discharge water stored in the storage space 107 does not overflow from the upper part of the storage unit 102. FIG. 9 is a view of the storage unit 102 as viewed from the back side, and shows the state of the stored water discharge. As shown in FIG. 9, the amount of water to be guided is adjusted so that the discharge water is stored in the storage space 107 and the water discharge stored from the open portion at the upper part of the storage portion 102 is not provided with the enclosure 104. Will be done.
図１０は、止水装置の撤去状況を示す。ステップ０７では、止水装置１００が撤去される。具体的には、囲い部１０４が設けられていない、貯留部１０２の上部の開放部分から貯留された出水を確認し、貯留された出水の凍結が確認されたら、バルブ１０５ａを閉め、止水装置１００が撤去される。凍結した貯留された出水は、貯留部１０２と共に撤去されるが、出水箇所は凍結しているため、出水が止水される。その後、必要に応じて既存の止水方法を利用して、出水箇所をより確実に止水するようにしてもよい。 FIG. 10 shows the removal status of the water stop device. In step 07, the water stop device 100 is removed. Specifically, the water discharge stored from the open portion at the upper part of the storage unit 102, which is not provided with the enclosure 104, is confirmed, and when the frozen water discharge is confirmed, the valve 105a is closed and the water stop device is stopped. 100 is removed. The frozen stored flood water is removed together with the storage unit 102, but since the flooding point is frozen, the flooding is stopped. After that, if necessary, an existing water stopping method may be used to more reliably stop the water at the water discharge point.
＜効果＞
以上説明した実施形態に係る止水装置１００、及び止水方法によれば、出水を貯留することで、凍結し易いように水の動きを制御して熱交換することが可能となる。より詳細には、導水部１０５と出水箇所が一致するように、出水箇所を覆うように貯留部１０２を出水箇所に接続し、貯留空間１０７が出水で十分に満たされ、溢れないように、導水部１０５から導水される水量をバルブ１０５ａで調整することで、貯留空間１０７内における水の動きを最小限に抑えることができる。その結果、水に動きが有る出水箇所においても、出水が凍結し易くなる。また、止水剤を用いないことから、出水箇所への影響を抑えつつ、止水することができる。
<Effect>
According to the water stop device 100 and the water stop method according to the above-described embodiment, by storing the discharged water, it is possible to control the movement of the water so that it is easily frozen and exchange heat. More specifically, the storage unit 102 is connected to the water outlet so as to cover the water outlet so that the water guide 105 and the water outlet coincide with each other so that the storage space 107 is sufficiently filled with the flood and does not overflow. By adjusting the amount of water conducted from the portion 105 with the valve 105a, the movement of water in the storage space 107 can be minimized. As a result, the flooding tends to freeze even at the flooding point where the water moves. In addition, since no water blocking agent is used, it is possible to stop the water while suppressing the influence on the water discharge point.
また、冷却媒体として、極低温冷却媒体である液体空気を用いることで、液体空気よりも温度の高いブラインを用いる場合と比較して、短時間で出水を凍結して止水することができる。短時間で止水することで、施工の中断を最小限にすることができる。また、液体空気を用いることで、液体空気を排出した場合でも、例えば、液体窒素を用いる場合と比較して、現場における酸素不足を低減できる。 Further, by using liquid air, which is a cryogenic cooling medium, as the cooling medium, the outflow can be frozen and stopped in a short time as compared with the case where brine having a temperature higher than that of liquid air is used. By stopping the water in a short time, the interruption of construction can be minimized. Further, by using liquid air, even when liquid air is discharged, oxygen deficiency in the field can be reduced as compared with the case where liquid nitrogen is used, for example.
以上、本発明の実施形態を説明したが、本発明に係る止水装置、及び止水方法は、上述した内容に限定されるものではない。本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で変更を加えることができる。例えば、地下構造物の一例として、トンネルのセグメントＳの隙間からの出水の止水を例に説明したが、本発明に係る止水装置、及び止水方法は、種々の地下構造物の出水対策へ活用できる。また、本発明に係る止水装置、及び止水方法は、水に動きがある出水箇所の応急対策、換言するとバックアップツールとして好適に用いることができるが、種々の地下構造物の出水対策へ活用できる。地下構造物には、トンネル、共同溝、地下駐車場、地下駅舎、立坑などの地下構造物（地中構造物）が例示される。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the water stop device and the water stop method according to the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned contents. Modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, as an example of the underground structure, the water stoppage of water flowing out from the gap of the segment S of the tunnel has been described as an example, but the water stoppage device and the water stoppage method according to the present invention are measures against water flowout of various underground structures. Can be used for. Further, the water stop device and the water stop method according to the present invention can be suitably used as an emergency measure for a water discharge point where water moves, in other words, as a backup tool, but can be utilized for a water discharge measure for various underground structures. it can. Examples of underground structures include underground structures (underground structures) such as tunnels, utility tunnels, underground parking lots, underground station buildings, and shafts.
また、冷却配管１０１は、プレート部１０３や囲い部１０４の内部に埋め込む構成としてもよい。この場合、固定部１０６の内部に埋め込まれた冷却配管１０１を流れる冷却媒体の冷熱の作用により、固定部１０６に付着した水分を凍結させることで、貯留部１０２を出水箇所の周囲に接続することができる。 Further, the cooling pipe 101 may be embedded in the plate portion 103 or the enclosure portion 104. In this case, the storage portion 102 is connected to the periphery of the water discharge point by freezing the water adhering to the fixed portion 106 by the action of the cooling heat of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling pipe 101 embedded inside the fixed portion 106. Can be done.
また、冷却配管１０１は、プレート部１０３の外側に接続するようにしてもよい。また、冷却媒体の液体窒素を貯留された出水に直接供給するようにしてもよい。 Further, the cooling pipe 101 may be connected to the outside of the plate portion 103. Further, the liquid nitrogen of the cooling medium may be directly supplied to the stored water flow.
２・・・供給部
３・・・供給配管
１００・・・止水装置
１０１・・・冷却配管
１０２・・・貯留部
１０３・・・プレート部
１０４・・・囲い部
１０５・・・導水部
１０６・・・固定部
2 ... Supply part 3 ... Supply pipe 100 ... Water stop device 101 ... Cooling pipe 102 ... Storage part 103 ... Plate part 104 ... Enclosure part 105 ... Water guide part 106 ···Fixed part
Claims (5)
冷却配管が設けられ、出水箇所を覆い、出水箇所からの出水を貯留する貯留部と、を備える、止水装置。 A cooling pipe through which the cooling medium supplied from the supply unit that supplies the cooling medium flows, and
A water stop device provided with a cooling pipe, which covers a water outlet and has a storage unit for storing water from the water outlet.
プレート部の外縁部に設けられ、出水箇所の周囲に接続されるとともに、出水を堰き止める囲い部と、
プレート部に設けられ、貯留する出水を外部に導水する導水部と、
を有する、請求項２に記載の止水装置。 The storage section is a planar plate section that covers the flood point and
An enclosure that is provided on the outer edge of the plate and is connected to the area around the flood point and blocks the flood.
A water guide that is provided on the plate and guides the stored water to the outside,
The water stop device according to claim 2.
特定工程で特定した出水箇所からの出水を貯留し、凍結し易いように水の動きを制御して熱交換することで、出水を凍結して止水する止水工程と、
を含む止水方法。
A specific process to identify the location of the flood and
A water stop process that freezes the water and stops it by storing the water from the water discharge point specified in the specific process and controlling the movement of the water so that it is easy to freeze and exchanging heat.
Water stoppage method including.
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| JPH08189290A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-23 | Komatsu Ltd | Shield excavator for underground jointing and method for underground jointing of tunnel |
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| JP2005016225A (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Kajima Corp | Pressing type simplified freezer |
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| US20170138010A1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-18 | Ralf Schmand | Ground freezing method |
| JP2017227021A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-28 | ケミカルグラウト株式会社 | Pasted freezing pipe and fitting method thereof |
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| JPS52111236A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1977-09-17 | Tekken Constr Co | Facing freezing method in method of shield construction and shield excavator |
| JPH08189290A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-23 | Komatsu Ltd | Shield excavator for underground jointing and method for underground jointing of tunnel |
| JP2000110497A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-18 | Shigeo Nagahama | Water stop construction method for concrete underground structure jointly using freezing method, and water stop device used therefor |
| JP2005016225A (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Kajima Corp | Pressing type simplified freezer |
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