JP2021011466A - Agiq含有組成物の記憶に関する新たな用途 - Google Patents
Agiq含有組成物の記憶に関する新たな用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
項1.AGIQを有効成分とする、海馬におけるc−FOS発現亢進用組成物。
項2.AGIQを有効成分とする、扁桃体におけるGrin2d発現亢進用組成物。
項3.AGIQを有効成分とする、恐怖記憶の消去学習促進用組成物。
項4.AGIQを有効成分とする、心的外傷後ストレス障害の発症予防または改善のための組成物。以下、これを単に「抗心的外傷後ストレス障害用組成物」または「抗PDST用組成物」と略称する場合がある。
項5.経口的に摂取または投与される医薬品、医薬部外品、または飲食品である、項1〜4のいずれかに記載する組成物。
AGIQは、下式で示される構造を有するフラボノイド配糖体である。
AGIQは、海馬におけるc−FOS発現を亢進するための組成物の有効成分として有用である。つまり、AGIQを有する組成物は海馬におけるc−FOS発現亢進用組成物として有効に使用することができる。後述する実験例に示すように、AGIQ投与により、海馬におけるFosのmRNAの発現(遺伝子レベルでの発現)が亢進し、それに伴いc−FOSの発現(タンパク質レベルでの発現)も増加し、c−FOS陽性細胞の数が増加する。このため、本発明において「c−FOS発現亢進」とは、タンパク質レベルでの発現を意味するものの、その前提として遺伝子レベルでの発現亢進も包含するものである。
AGIQは、扁桃体におけるGrin2d発現を亢進するための組成物の有効成分として有用である。つまり、AGIQを有する組成物は扁桃体におけるGrin2d発現亢進用組成物として有効に使用することができる。なお、ここでGrin2d発現は、Grin2d mRNAの発現(遺伝子レベルでの発現)を意味する。
AGIQは、恐怖記憶の消去学習促進用組成物の有効成分として有用である。つまり、AGIQを有する組成物は恐怖記憶の消去学習促進用組成物として有効に使用することができる。
AGIQは、抗心的外傷後ストレス障害用組成物の有効成分として有用である。つまり、AGIQを有する組成物は抗心的外傷後ストレス障害用組成物として有効に使用することができる。
前述したc−FOS発現亢進用組成物、Grin2d発現亢進用組成物、恐怖記憶の消去学習促進用組成物、及び抗心的外傷後ストレス障害用組成物は、いずれも経口組成物の形態に調製され、被験体に経口的に投与することができる。ここで経口組成物には、飲食品、医薬部外品、及び医薬品が含まれる。好ましくは飲食物である。なお、本明細書において、「投与」という用語には、摂取及び服用の意味がいずれも包含される。被験体としては、ヒトを含む哺乳類を挙げることができる。好ましくはヒトである。また、用途(c−FOS発現亢進用、Grin2d発現亢進用、恐怖記憶の消去学習促進用、及び抗心的外傷後ストレス障害用)に応じて、投与の対象とする被験体を選択しまた設定することもできる。
(1)試験方法
(1−1)AGIQの投与
交配後1日目の雌Sprague Dawley(SD)ラットを、日本SLC(浜松)から購入し、無作為に3群(無処置対照群[n=13]、AGIQ投与群[n=19]、ALA投与群[n=19])に分けた。なお、以下の実験において、AGIQ投与群にはAGIQを0.5%濃度で含有する混餌を、またALA投与群にはALAを0.2%濃度で含有する混餌飼料をそれぞれ摂食させた。また無処置対照群には、AGIQ及びALAを含まない通常の餌を摂食させた。なお、上記AGIQ及びALAの投与用量は、ラットを用いた二段階肝発がん性試験において発がんプロモーション作用を抑制した混餌用量を設定根拠として決定した(Kimura, M, et al., Exp.Toxicol.Pathol. 65, 979-988, 2013;Fujii, Y. et al.,Chem.Biol.interact. 205, 108-118, 2013;Fujii, Y. et al., Toxicology 305, 30-40, 2013)。
生後60日目(PND60)から70日目(PND70)の期間で雄児ラット(7匹/群)を対象として、行動実験としてY字迷路及び文脈的恐怖条件付け試験を実施した。なお、Y字迷路試験はラットの空間学習能力を評価する目的で、文脈的恐怖条件付け試験は記憶と学習能力を評価する目的で、実施した。
恐怖記憶の回路は、海馬に、扁桃体と前頭前野の二部位を加えた三部位の連絡からなる。そこで、各群(無処置対照群、AGIQ投与群、ALA投与群)の生後77日目の雄児ラット(PND77)から脳を摘出し、海馬、扁桃体、及び前頭前野を用いて、遺伝子解析を実施した。具体的には、シナプス可塑性に対するAGIQまたはALAの作用を評価するために、海馬歯状回、扁桃体、及び前頭前野におけるmRNA発現解析を、リアルタイムRT−PCR法を用いて実施した(6匹/群)。対象とした遺伝子は以下の通りである。
アセチルコリン受容体:Chrm1、Chrm2、Chrna7
グルタミン酸受容体:Gria1、Gria2、Gria2a、Gria2d、
グルタミン酸トランスポーター:Slc17a6、Slc17a7、
神経可塑性に関連する最初期遺伝子:Fos、Arc
神経栄養因子関係:Bdnf、Ntrk2
海馬歯状回については、免疫組織染色及びアポトーシス解析を実施した。免疫組織染色は、まず定法に従って処理してパラフィン包埋した脳の切片(3μm厚)を、発色色素として3,3’-diaminobenzidine(DAB)/H2O2を用いたVectastain(登録商標)Elite ABC キット用いて免疫組織化学的に検出を行い、次いでヘマトキシリン対比染色し、これを顕微鏡にて観察した。歯状回のSGZにおけるアポトーシス解析は、TUNEL(TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)アッセイにより実施した。なお、TUNELアッセイは、発色色素としてDAB/H2O2を用いたApopTag In Situ Apoptois Detection Kit (ミリポア社製)を用いて実施した。免疫組織染色及びアポトーシス解析を実施して、顆粒細胞層下帯(SGZ)または顆粒細胞層(GCL)における顆粒細胞系譜指標(GFAP、SOX2、DCX、NeuN)、SGZにおける細胞増殖とアポトーシス指標(PCNA、TUNEL−assay)、歯状回門部におけるGABA性介在ニューロン指標(Reelin、Parvaibumin)、GCLにおけるシナプス可塑性に機能する最初期遺伝子産物(ARC、c−FOS、COX−2)の発現細胞の分布を確認した(10匹/群)。
(2−1)行動実験(Y字迷路及び文脈的恐怖条件付け試験)
行動実験のうち、ラットの空間学習能力を評価するY字迷路試験に関しては、無処置対照群と投与群(AGIQ投与群とALA投与群)との間で差異は認められなかった。このことから、AGIQを始めとする抗酸化物質は空間学習能力に影響しないものと考えられる。
海馬歯状回における各遺伝子の転写発現の変化を表3に示す。各遺伝子の略称の意味(正式名称)は、「Gapdh」及び「Hprt1」を除いて、表1と同じである。表中、「Gapdh」の欄は、内在性コントロール(ハウスキーピング遺伝子)Gapdhに対して正規化した値を、「Hprt」の欄は、内在性コントロール(ハウスキーピング遺伝子)Hprt1に対して標準化した値を、それぞれ示す。
AGIQ投与群:Fos(1.75倍増加**)、Slc17a6(3.84倍増加**)、Chrm2(2.00倍増加**)、Ntrk2(1.31倍増加*)
ALA投与群:Fos(1.64倍増加*)、Slc17a6(3.90倍増加**)、Chrm2(2.19倍増加**)、Ntrk2(1.44倍増加**)。
図3にヘマトキシン・エオシン染色切片における雄性ラットの海馬の概要を示す。ReelinまたはParvaibuminに対して免疫反応性を示す海馬歯状回門部(図3中、点線で囲んだところ)の細胞の数を計測し、歯状回門領域の単位面積当たりの数に標準化した(No./mm2 hilar region)。ReelinまたはParvaibuminに対して陽性の免疫反応性を示す小型細胞のみを数え上げ(RELN+細胞、PVALB+細胞)、より大きなcornu ammonis(CA)3ニューロンは除外した。図3中の挿入部分は、顆粒細胞層(Granule cell layer:GCL)及び顆粒細胞層下帯(Subgranular zone:SGZ)を拡大した画像である。GCL及びSGZにおけるGFAP、SOX2、DCX、NeuN、ARC、FOSまたはCOX2に対して免疫組織化学的に陽性を示す細胞、並びに増殖細胞またはTUNEL+アポトーシス細胞の数を数えて、SGZの長さで標準化した(No.mm SGZ length)。
以上のことから、AGIQ投与群で恐怖記憶獲得に無処置対照群との間で差は認められなかったものの、条件付けから8日後に消去学習の促進が認められた。これに対してALA投与群では恐怖記憶獲得及び消去学習はともに無処置対照群との間で差は認められなかった。このことから、恐怖記憶消去学習能力の亢進(促進)は、単に抗酸化作用に留まらない、AGIQに特有の作用であると考えられる。
Claims (5)
- α−グリコシルイソクエルシトリンを有効成分とする、海馬におけるc−FOS発現亢進用組成物。
- α−グリコシルイソクエルシトリンを有効成分とする、扁桃体におけるGrin2d発現亢進用組成物。
- α−グリコシルイソクエルシトリンを有効成分とする、恐怖記憶の消去学習促進用組成物。
- α−グリコシルイソクエルシトリンを有効成分とする、心的外傷後ストレス障害の発症予防または改善のための組成物。
- 経口的に摂取または投与される医薬品、医薬部外品、または飲食品である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載する組成物。
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