JP2020530525A - 付加製造用の装置及び方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 付加製造用の装置(100)であって、
レーザービーム(112)による材料加工のためのレーザー装置(110)であって、前記レーザービーム(112)をワークピース(10)の加工領域上に向けるように構成されているレーザー装置(110);
供給材料のための少なくとも1つの供給装置(130)であって、前記供給材料を前記加工領域に供給するように構成されている供給装置;及び
干渉計(140)を備えた干渉計ユニットであって、少なくとも1つの光学的測定ビーム(142)により前記ワークピース(10)の表面までの距離を測定するように構成されている干渉計ユニット
を備えていることを特徴とする付加製造用の装置。 - 請求項1に記載の装置(100)であって、前記干渉計ユニットが、前記距離測定により、生成された溶接ビード(12)の大きさ、生成された溶接ビード(12)の高さ、生成された溶接ビード(12)の位置、前記ワークピース(10)の表面の位置及び前記ワークピース(10)の表面の形状を含む群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの物理変数を決定するように構成されている装置。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の装置(100)であって、前記干渉計ユニットが、前記ワークピース(10)の前記加工領域までの距離及び/又は前記加工領域に隣接する前記ワークピース(10)の領域までの距離を測定するように構成されている装置。
- 更に、少なくとももう1つの更なる物理変数を検出するための検出手段を備え、
前記更なる物理変数が、前記供給材料の供給流量、前記供給装置の供給速度、レーザー出力、前記レーザービーム(112)の焦点直径、熔融溜りの寸法及び前記熔融溜りの温度から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の装置(100)。 - 特に請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の装置であって、
部品(1020)の付加レーザー金属蒸着(1095)用の製造装置(1035)であって、溶接プロセスの少なくとも1つの物理変数(1096)の検出のための検出手段(1097)並びに、前記少なくとも1つの検出された物理変数(1060)及び/又はその変化の関数として、少なくとも1つのプロセスパラメータ(1060)を調整するための作動手段を備え、
好ましくはレーザー金属蒸着用の加工ヘッド(1090)並びに距離検出装置(10097)を備え、前記距離検出装置は、前記部品(1020)からの前記加工ヘッド(1090)の距離の測定用に構成されており、及び/又は前記距離検出装置は、干渉断層撮影装置(1097)を備えるか又は干渉断層撮影装置と光学的に結合されている、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置(100)であって、
前記装置が、前記干渉計ユニットによって測定された距離に基づいて、及び/又は前記少なくとも1つの決定された物理変数に基づいて、及び/又は前記少なくとも1つの検出された物理変数に基づいて、前記レーザー装置(110)及び/又は前記少なくとも1つの供給装置(130)を制御するように構成されている制御部を備えることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項6に記載の装置(100)であって、
前記制御部が、少なくとも1つのプロセス入力変数を制御することによって、前記レーザー装置(110)及び/又は前記少なくとも1つの供給装置(130)を制御するように、構成されており、
ここで、前記プロセス入力変数は、前記ワークピース(10)に対する前記装置の移動方向、前記ワークピース(10)に対する移動速度、前記供給装置(130)の供給速度、前記供給材料の供給流量、粉末流速、粉末量、粉末組成、粉末供給方向、ワイヤ供給方向、ワイヤ送り速度、ワーキングディスタンス、プロセスガス組成、プロセスガス圧、レーザー焦点直径、光軸の位置、レーザー焦点位置、レーザーパルス幅、及びレーザー出力から選択される、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項6又は7に記載の装置(100)であって、
前記制御部が、前記加工領域又は前記溶接ビード(12)又は前記付加製造プロセスのモデルからのずれが最大閾値未満に維持され及び/又は極小となるように、少なくとも1つのプロセス変数を調整するように、構成されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の装置(100)であって、
前記干渉計(140)が、コヒーレンス干渉計又は低コヒーレンス干渉計であり、
及び/又は
前記干渉計(140)が、前記レーザー装置(110)のビーム経路に前記光学的測定ビーム(142)をカップリングするように構成されており、又は
前記干渉計(140)が、前記光学的測定ビーム(142)のための、前記レーザー装置(110)の前記ビーム経路から分離された、ビーム経路を備える、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の装置(100)であって、
前記干渉計(140)が、前記光学的測定ビーム(142)を前記レーザービーム(112)に対して固定して提供するように構成されており、及び/又は、
前記干渉計(140)が、前記光学的測定ビーム(142)を前記レーザービーム(112)に対して可動的に提供するように構成されており、及び/又は、
前記干渉計が、前記少なくとも1つの光学的測定ビーム(142)を、先行領域での1つの位置と後続領域での1つの位置との間で、直線的又は円軌道で前後に移動させるように構成されている、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の装置であって、
前記光学的測定ビーム(142)の波長領域の少なくとも1つの中央波長が、約1,550nm、1,310nm、1,080nm、1,030nm及び/又は830nmであることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の装置(100)であって、
前記少なくとも1つの供給装置(130,730)が、供給材料として粉末又はワイヤ(731)を供給するように構成されており、及び/又は、環状ジェット粉末ノズル(330)、多重ジェット粉末ノズル(530)及び軸外粉末ノズルからなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の装置(100)であって、
前記装置(100)が、レーザー金属蒸着ヘッドであることを特徴とする装置。 - レーザー(1030)を用いた、特に請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の装置を用いた、部品(1020)の付加レーザー金属蒸着用の方法であって、
前記レーザー金属蒸着の間に溶接プロセスの少なくとも1つの物理変数(1096)が検出され、検出された該少なくとも1つの物理変数(1096)及び/又はその変化に依存して、前記方法の少なくとも1つのプロセス変数(1060)が調整されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記物理的な変数(1096)が、少なくとも、前記溶接プロセスの間に製造された部品(1020)の幾何形状変数(1096)及び/又はこれから派生した変数及び/又は前記レーザー金属蒸着の間に堆積された層の高さ及び/又はこれから派生した変数であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
レーザー金属蒸着のために、溶接材料用の供給装置(2165)、特に粉末輸送機、が使用され、
前記少なくとも1つの物理変数は、少なくとも、当該供給装置(2165)の供給流量及び/又は供給速度及び/又は前述の変数の1つ以上から派生した変数であり、
及び/又は
前記少なくとも1つの物理変数が、少なくとも、前記レーザー(1030)の出力及び/又は前記レーザー(1030)の焦点の寸法及び/又は前述の変数の1つ以上から派生した変数である、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記レーザー金属蒸着が、熔融溜り(2140)を用いて行なわれ、前記少なくとも1つの物理変数が、少なくとも、前記熔融溜り(2140)の寸法及び/又はこれから派生した変数であり、
及び/又は
前記レーザー金属蒸着では、加工ヘッド(90)が使用され、そして前記少なくとも1つの変数は、前記部品(20)からの前記加工ヘッド(90)の距離及び/又はこれから派生した変数であり、
及び/又は
前記少なくとも1つのプロセス変数(1060)が、部品(1020)に対する前記レーザー(1030)の焦点の位置及び/又は当該焦点の位置の時間的変化及び/又はこれから派生した変数である、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記少なくとも1つのプロセス変数(1060)が、好ましくは1つの制御方法を用いて、前記部品(1020)の及び/又は前記レーザー金属蒸着(1095)のモデルからのずれが最大閾値未満に維持され及び/又は極小とされるように、調整されることを特徴とする方法。
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