JP2020529556A - 蒸発ガス再液化システムおよび蒸発ガス再液化システム内の潤滑油排出方法 - Google Patents
蒸発ガス再液化システムおよび蒸発ガス再液化システム内の潤滑油排出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020529556A JP2020529556A JP2020503886A JP2020503886A JP2020529556A JP 2020529556 A JP2020529556 A JP 2020529556A JP 2020503886 A JP2020503886 A JP 2020503886A JP 2020503886 A JP2020503886 A JP 2020503886A JP 2020529556 A JP2020529556 A JP 2020529556A
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- evaporative gas
- heat exchanger
- gas
- compressor
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
- F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/84—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
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- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract
Description
圧縮機200の給油潤滑方式のシリンダーを通過した蒸発ガスには潤滑油が混在し、蒸発ガスに混入した潤滑油は熱交換器100で蒸発ガスよりも先に凝縮または凝固して熱交換器100の流路内に溜まるが、時間の経過につれて熱交換器100の流路に溜まる凝縮または凝固した潤滑油の量が増加するため、所定時間が経過すると熱交換器100内部の凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を除去する必要があることを本発明の発明者らは発見した。
1)凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を除去するか否かを判断するステップ
2)バイパスバルブ590を開けて、第1バルブ510および第2バルブ520を閉めるステップ
3)貯蔵タンクTから排出された蒸発ガスをバイパスラインBLを経て圧縮機200で圧縮するステップ
4)圧縮機200で圧縮した高温の蒸発ガスの一部または全部を熱交換器100に送るステップ
5)熱交換器100を通過した蒸発ガスを気液分離器700に送るステップ
6)気液分離器700に溜まった潤滑油を排出するステップ
7)熱交換器100が正常化したことを確認するステップ
熱交換器100の流路が凝縮または凝固した潤滑油によって塞がると、熱交換器100の冷却効率が低下する。したがって、熱交換器100の性能が正常の場合に比べて一定値以下になると、熱交換器100の内部に凝縮または凝固した潤滑油がある程度以上溜まったと推定することができ、一例として、熱交換器100の性能が正常の約50〜90%以下、好ましくは約60〜80%以下、さらに好ましくは約70%以下になると、熱交換器100の内部に凝縮または凝固した潤滑油の除去が必要であると判断される。
第1)ステップで凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を除去する必要があるか否かを判断して、熱交換器100の内部の凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を除去することを決定すれば、バイパスラインBL上に設置されたバイパスバルブ590を開けて、第1供給ラインL1上に設置された第1バルブ510と第2供給ラインL2上に設置された第2バルブ520を閉める。
貯蔵タンクTから排出された蒸発ガスはバイパスラインBLを介して熱交換器100を迂回した後、圧縮機200に送られる。圧縮機200に送られた蒸発ガスは圧縮機200で圧縮して圧力だけでなく温度も高くなり、圧縮機200で約300barで圧縮した蒸発ガスの温度は約40〜45℃になる。
圧縮機200で圧縮して温度が高くなった蒸発ガスを熱交換器100に移送し続けると、熱交換器100の冷媒として使用する貯蔵タンクTから排出された低温の蒸発ガスは熱交換器100に供給されず、温度が高い蒸発ガスのみ持続的に熱交換器100に供給されるので、圧縮機200で圧縮した蒸発ガスが通過する熱交換器100の高温流路の温度が徐々に上昇する。
熱交換器100の高温流路の温度が上昇すると、熱交換器100の内部に溜まっていた凝縮または凝固した潤滑油が融解または粘度が高くなり、蒸発ガスと混合されて気液分離器700に送られる。バイパスラインBLを活用して熱交換器100の内部の凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を除去する過程では蒸発ガスの再液化が行われないため、気液分離器700には再液化した液化ガスは集まらず、気体状態の蒸発ガスと融解または粘度が低くなった潤滑油が溜まる。
熱交換器100から排出された融解または粘度が低くなった潤滑油は、気液分離器700の内部に溜まるが、気液分離器700の内部に溜まった潤滑油を処理するために、本実施形態では、従来使用されていた気液分離器700を改良した気液分離器700を使用することができる。
熱交換器100の内部で凝縮または凝固した潤滑油が排出されて熱交換器100が再び正常化したと判断され、気液分離器700の内部の潤滑油を排出する過程を全て終了すると、第1バルブ510および第2バルブ520を開け、バイパスバルブ590を閉めた後、蒸発ガス再液化システムを正常稼動させる。蒸発ガス再液化システムが正常稼動すると、貯蔵タンクTから排出された蒸発ガスは熱交換器100の冷媒として使用され、熱交換器100の冷媒として使用した蒸発ガスは、圧縮機200による圧縮過程、熱交換器100による冷却過程、および減圧装置600による減圧過程を経由して、一部または全部が再液化される。
本発明の蒸発ガス再液化システムが、図2に示すように1つの圧縮機200と1つの減圧装置600を備えた場合、減圧装置600の開度率が設定値以上であり、第7バルブ570および第2バルブ520が共に開いた状態であり、かつ気液分離器700の内部の液化ガスの水位が正常である場合に、アラームが活性化する。
低温流れの温度差が設定値以上の状態を所定時間以上持続する条件、高温流れの温度差が設定値以上の状態を所定時間以上持続する条件、および高温流路の圧力差が設定値以上の状態を所定時間以上持続する条件のいずれかを満足すると、アラームが鳴って凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を除去する時点を知らせるように構成できる。
ところで、蒸発ガス再液化システムでは、貯蔵タンクT内の液化ガスの量が少なくて生成する蒸発ガスの量が少ない場合、船舶の速度が速くて船舶の推進のためにエンジンに供給される蒸発ガスの量が多い場合など、貯蔵タンクTの内部圧力が低い場合には、圧縮機200が要求する圧縮機200の上流における吸引圧力の条件を満たさない場合がある。
Claims (20)
- 蒸発ガスを圧縮する圧縮機;
前記圧縮機で圧縮した蒸発ガスを、前記圧縮機で圧縮する前の蒸発ガスを冷媒として使用して熱交換し冷却する熱交換器;および
前記熱交換器の下流に設置され、前記熱交換器で冷却した流体を減圧する減圧装置;を備え、
前記熱交換器の低温流路の上流に設置される第1温度センサと前記熱交換器の高温流路の下流に設置される第4温度センサ;
前記熱交換器の低温流路の下流に設置される第2温度センサと前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流に設置される第3温度センサ;または
前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流に設置される第1圧力センサと前記熱交換器の高温流路の下流に設置される第2圧力センサ;のいずれか1つ以上を備え、
前記圧縮機は給油式シリンダーを少なくとも1つ以上備えることを特徴とする蒸発ガス再液化システム。 - 蒸発ガスを圧縮する圧縮機;
前記圧縮機で圧縮した蒸発ガスを、前記圧縮機で圧縮する前の蒸発ガスを冷媒として使用し熱交換して冷却する熱交換器;および
前記熱交換器の下流に設置され、前記熱交換器で冷却した流体を減圧する減圧装置;を備え、
前記熱交換器の低温流路の上流に設置される第1温度センサと前記熱交換器の高温流路の下流に設置される第4温度センサ;
前記熱交換器の低温流路の下流に設置される第2温度センサと前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流に設置される第3温度センサ;または
前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流と下流の圧力差を測定する差圧センサ;のいずれか1つ以上を備え、
前記圧縮機は給油式シリンダーを少なくとも1つ以上備えることを特徴とする蒸発ガス再液化システム。 - 蒸発ガスを圧縮機で圧縮し、圧縮した蒸発ガスを圧縮する前の蒸発ガスと熱交換器で熱交換して冷却し、熱交換して冷却した流体を減圧装置で減圧する蒸発ガス再液化システムにおいて、
前記圧縮機は給油式シリンダーを少なくとも1つ以上備え、
前記熱交換器の性能異常を検知するとアラームで知らせることを特徴とする蒸発ガス再液化システム。 - 前記圧縮機は150〜350barで蒸発ガスを圧縮することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1つに記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記圧縮機は80〜250barで蒸発ガスを圧縮することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1つに記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記熱交換器はマイクロチャンネル型の流路を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1つに記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記熱交換器はPCHEであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 蒸発ガスを前記熱交換器からバイパスさせて前記圧縮機に供給するバイパスラインをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1つに記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記圧縮機の下流に設置されて蒸発ガスに混合された潤滑油を分離するオイル分離器をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1つに記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記圧縮機の下流に設置されて蒸発ガスに混在した潤滑油を分離する第1オイルフィルタをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記第1オイルフィルタは気体状態または霧状の潤滑油を分離することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記減圧装置の下流に設置されて再液化した液化ガスと気体状態で残っている蒸発ガスを分離する気液分離器をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記減圧装置と前記気液分離器との間;
前記気液分離器で分離した液化ガスが排出される第5供給ライン上;または
前記気液分離器で分離した気体状態の蒸発ガスが排出される第6供給ライン上;のいずれか1箇所以上に設置される第2オイルフィルタをさらに備え、
前記第2オイルフィルタは極低温用であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。 - 前記気液分離器で分離した気体状態の蒸発ガスは、前記熱交換器で冷媒として使用する蒸発ガスと合流して前記熱交換器に送ることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記第2オイルフィルタは固体状態の潤滑油を分離することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 前記第1温度センサが測定した温度と前記第4温度センサが測定した温度との差;
前記第2温度センサが測定した温度と前記第3温度センサが測定した温度との差;または
前記第1圧力センサが測定した圧力と前記第2圧力センサが測定した圧力との差;のいずれか1つ以上を指標として、凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を排出する必要があるか否かを判断することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。 - 前記第1温度センサが測定した温度と前記第4温度センサが測定した温度との差;
前記第2温度センサが測定した温度と前記第3温度センサが測定した温度との差;または
前記差圧センサが測定した圧力差;のいずれか1つ以上を指標として、凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を排出する必要があるか否かを判断することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。 - 凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を排出する必要があるか否かをアラームで知らせることを特徴とする請求項16または17に記載の蒸発ガス再液化システム。
- 蒸発ガス自体を冷媒として使用し蒸発ガスを再液化するシステム内の潤滑油排出方法において、
蒸発ガス再液化時に熱交換器で蒸発ガス自体を冷媒として蒸発ガスを冷却し、
前記熱交換器の低温流路の上流に設置される第1温度センサが測定した温度と前記熱交換器の高温流路の下流に設置される第4温度センサが測定した温度との差、および前記熱交換器の低温流路の下流に設置される第2温度センサが測定した温度と前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流に設置される第3温度センサが測定した温度との差のうちのいずれか小さい値;または
前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流に設置される第1圧力センサが測定した圧力と前記熱交換器の高温流路の下流に設置される第2圧力センサが測定した圧力との差;を指標として、凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を排出する必要があるか否かを判断することを特徴とする潤滑油排出方法。 - 蒸発ガス自体を冷媒として使用し蒸発ガスを再液化するシステム内の潤滑油排出方法において、
蒸発ガス再液化時に熱交換器で蒸発ガス自体を冷媒として蒸発ガスを冷却し、
前記熱交換器の低温流路の上流に設置される第1温度センサが測定した温度と前記熱交換器の高温流路の下流に設置される第4温度センサが測定した温度との差、および前記熱交換器の低温流路の下流に設置される第2温度センサが測定した温度と前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流に設置される第3温度センサが測定した温度との差のうちのいずれか小さい値;または
前記熱交換器の高温流路の上流と下流の圧力差を測定する差圧センサが測定した圧力差;を指標として、凝縮または凝固した潤滑油を排出する必要があるか否かを判断することを特徴とする潤滑油排出方法。
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