JP2020514034A - 白金族金属と銅−アルミナスピネルを組み合わせた触媒 - Google Patents
白金族金属と銅−アルミナスピネルを組み合わせた触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020514034A JP2020514034A JP2019547673A JP2019547673A JP2020514034A JP 2020514034 A JP2020514034 A JP 2020514034A JP 2019547673 A JP2019547673 A JP 2019547673A JP 2019547673 A JP2019547673 A JP 2019547673A JP 2020514034 A JP2020514034 A JP 2020514034A
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- copper
- catalyst composition
- alumina
- catalyst
- platinum group
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 249
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
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- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002447 crystallographic data Methods 0.000 description 2
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- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
-
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Abstract
Description
排ガス流を生成するリーンバーンエンジンと、
排ガス流と流体連通して位置づけられ、排気流内の一酸化炭素および炭化水素ガスを酸化して処理された排ガス流を形成する、先行実施形態のいずれかに記載の触媒物品と
を含む、排ガス流の処理のための排出物処理システム。
酸化銅と混合した主にアルミナを含む多孔質アルミナ材料を受け取ることと、
多孔質アルミナ材料に1つまたは複数の白金族金属の水溶性塩を含浸させることと、
前述の含浸ステップの後に多孔質アルミナ材料を乾燥およびか焼して触媒組成物を形成することと、
前述の含浸ステップの前または後のいずれかに、多孔質アルミナ材料を熱処理して銅−アルミナスピネル相を形成することと
を含む、銅−アルミナスピネル相を含む酸化触媒組成物を調製する方法。
触媒組成物は、銅構成成分を含む多孔質アルミナ支持体に含浸させたPGM構成成分を含む。本明細書で使用される場合、「白金族金属」または「PGM」は白金族金属またはその酸化物を指し、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、オスミウム(Os)、イリジウム(Ir)、およびそれらの混合物を含む。ある実施形態では、白金族金属は白金およびパラジウムの組み合わせを、約1:10〜約10:1のような重量比で、より典型的には、約1.5:1以上、約2:1以上、または約5:1以上の白金対パラジウム比で含む。PGM構成成分(例えば、Pt、Pdまたはそれらの組み合わせ)の濃度は変動し得るが、典型的には、多孔質アルミナ支持材料の重量に対して約0.1wt%〜約10wt%であろう(例えば、アルミナ支持体に対して約1wt%〜約6wt%)。
1つまたは複数の実施形態によれば、触媒組成物用の基材は、自動車触媒の調製に典型的に使用される任意の材料から構築されてよく、典型的には金属またはセラミックハニカム構造を含むであろう。基材は、典型的には、触媒ウォッシュコート組成物が塗布されて付着し、それにより触媒組成物の担体として作用する、複数の壁表面を提供する。
PGM含浸アルミナ材料の調製は、典型的には、粒子形態のアルミナ支持材料に、白金溶液およびパラジウム溶液の1つまたは複数などの、PGM溶液を含浸させることを含む。複数のPGM構成成分を、同時にまたは別々に、同じ支持粒子または別の支持粒子に含浸させることができる。支持粒子は、典型的には、実質的にすべての溶液を吸収して湿潤固体を形成するように十分に乾燥される。硝酸パラジウムもしくは硝酸白金、硝酸テトラアンミンパラジウムもしくは硝酸テトラアンミン白金、または酢酸テトラアンミンパラジウムもしくは酢酸テトラアンミン白金などの、PGM構成成分の水溶性化合物または錯体の水溶液が典型的に利用される。PGMの別個のコロイド粒子を含有する溶液が使用されてもよい。支持粒子のPGM溶液での処理に続き、粒子は、ある時間(例えば1〜3時間)、高温(例えば100〜150℃)で粒子を加熱処理することなどによって乾燥され、次にか焼されてPGM構成成分をより触媒活性な形態に変換する。例示的なか焼プロセスは、空気中、約400〜600℃の温度で約0.5〜3時間の加熱処理を伴う。上記プロセスは、所望のPGM含浸レベルに達するように、必要に応じて繰り返され得る。結果として生じる材料は、乾燥粉末として、またはスラリー形態で貯蔵され得る。乾燥およびか焼は、上記のような含浸粉末に直接達成され得るか、または代わりに、含浸粉末から調製されたスラリーを好適な基材上にウォッシュコーティングした後に達成され得る。別の実施形態では、PGMは、支持材料がコーティングとして基材に塗布された後に、支持材料に添加され得る。
上述の組成物は、典型的には、水と混合して、ハニカム型基材などの触媒基材をコーティングするためのスラリーを形成する。スラリーは、触媒粒子に加え、バインダとしてのアルミナ、炭化水素(HC)貯蔵構成成分(例えば、ゼオライト)、水溶性もしくは水分散性安定剤(例えば、酢酸バリウム)、促進剤(例えば、硝酸ランタン)、会合性増粘剤、および/または界面活性剤(陰イオン性、陽イオン性、非イオン性もしくは両性界面活性剤を含む)を必要に応じて含有してよい。支持粒子の径を基材上へコーティングするのに適した範囲に減少させるためのスラリーのミル粉砕が典型的に要求される。ある実施形態では、触媒材料内の望ましくない合金化につながり得る、解離した銅もしくはPGMイオンまたは関連する金属種の形成を避けるために、スラリーへの酸の添加を避けることも有利である。ゆえに、ある実施形態では、触媒基材をコーティングするために使用されるスラリーは、実質的にまたは完全に酸非含有であり得る。スラリーの典型的なpH範囲は約3〜約7である。
本発明は、本明細書に記載された触媒組成物を組み込んだ排出物処理システムも提供する。本発明の触媒組成物は、ディーゼル排ガス排出物または他のリーンバーンエンジンの排出物の処理のための1つまたは複数の追加の構成要素を含む一体型排出物処理システムで、典型的に使用される。例えば、排出物処理システムは、触媒加工煤フィルタ(CSF)構成要素および/または選択的触媒還元(SCR)触媒構成要素をさらに含んでよい。排出物処理システムの様々な構成要素の相対的な配置は変えられ得るが、本発明の酸化触媒は、典型的には、煤フィルタおよび/または選択的触媒還元構成要素の上流に設置される。あるいは、CSFが本発明の酸化触媒を含むことがある。処理システムは、アンモニア酸化材料、追加の微粒子濾過構成要素、NOx貯蔵および/または捕捉構成要素、ならびに還元剤注入器などの、さらなる構成要素を含み得る。酸化触媒はリーンNOxトラップ(LNT)を含んでよい。上に列挙した構成要素は単なる例示に過ぎず、本発明の範囲を限定するものとしてとらえられるべきではない。
本発明の態様は以下の実施例によってより十分に示され、これらは本発明のある態様を例示するために示されており、それを限定するものとして解釈されるべきではない。
Claims (28)
- 多孔質アルミナ材料に含浸させた少なくとも1つの白金族金属を含む酸化触媒組成物であって、前記多孔質アルミナ材料は銅−アルミナスピネル相を含む、酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記銅−アルミナスピネル相の少なくとも一部は、少なくとも1つの白金族金属結晶子の近位にあるか、または直接接触している、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記銅−アルミナスピネル相の少なくとも一部は、約1nm以上の結晶子径を有する少なくとも1つの白金族金属結晶子の近位にあるか、または直接接触している、請求項2に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記銅−アルミナスピネル相の少なくとも一部は、約50nm以上の結晶子径を有する少なくとも1つの白金族金属結晶子の近位にあるか、または直接接触している、請求項3に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記銅−アルミナスピネル相の前記少なくとも一部は、前記少なくとも1つの白金族金属結晶子と約50nm以内にある、請求項2に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記多孔質アルミナ材料は、前記多孔質アルミナ材料の全重量に基づいて、酸化銅として計算して、約1〜約40重量%の量の銅を含む、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記白金族金属は白金、パラジウム、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの白金族金属の濃度は、前記多孔質アルミナ材料の重量に対して約0.1wt%〜約10wt%である、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記酸化触媒組成物のCO酸化のT50は、銅を欠くアルミナに含浸させた同量の白金族金属を含有する比較の酸化触媒組成物のCO酸化のT50より低い、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記酸化触媒組成物は、2θが約30〜約35度の間のピークおよび2θが約35度〜約40度の間のピークを含むX線粉末回折面間隔ピークによって特徴づけられる、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- 酸化銅と混合した主にアルミナを含む多孔質アルミナ材料に含浸させた少なくとも1つの白金族金属を含む酸化触媒組成物であって、前記触媒組成物は、10体積%の水蒸気を含む空気中、800℃の温度で20時間の熱エージングで銅−アルミナスピネル相を生成する、酸化触媒組成物。
- 前記酸化触媒組成物のCO酸化のT50は前記熱エージング後でより低い、請求項11に記載の酸化触媒組成物。
- ガスの流れに適合した複数のチャネルを有する触媒基材を含む触媒物品であって、前記触媒基材はその上に配置された触媒コーティングを有し、前記触媒コーティングは請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒組成物を含む、触媒物品。
- 前記触媒基材は触媒加工煤フィルタである、請求項13に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒組成物は前記触媒基材上の第1の層に配置され、前記触媒物品は、必要に応じてゼオライトと組み合わせた耐火性金属酸化物支持体に含浸させた少なくとも1つの白金族金属を含む第2の層をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記触媒物品は前記触媒物品の入口面の近位の入口ゾーンおよび前記触媒物品の出口面の近位の出口ゾーンを含み、前記酸化触媒組成物は前記入口ゾーンまたは前記出口ゾーンのいずれかにのみ配置される、請求項13に記載の触媒物品。
- 排気流内の一酸化炭素および炭化水素ガスが前記触媒物品内で酸化されるように、前記排気流を請求項13に記載の触媒物品に通すことを含む、排気流を処理する方法。
- 前記排気流はリーンバーンエンジンによって生成される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 排ガス流を生成するリーンバーンエンジンと、
前記排ガス流と流体連通して位置づけられ、前記排気流内の一酸化炭素および炭化水素ガスを酸化して処理された排ガス流を形成する、請求項13に記載の触媒物品と
を含む、排ガス流の処理のための排出物処理システム。 - 酸化銅と混合した主にアルミナを含む多孔質アルミナ材料を受け取ることと、
前記多孔質アルミナ材料に1つまたは複数の白金族金属の水溶性塩を含浸させることと、
前記含浸ステップの後に前記多孔質アルミナ材料を乾燥およびか焼して触媒組成物を形成することと、
前記含浸ステップの前または後のいずれかに、前記多孔質アルミナ材料を熱処理して銅−アルミナスピネル相を形成することと
を含む、銅−アルミナスピネル相を含む酸化触媒組成物を調製する方法。 - 前記触媒組成物のウォッシュコートスラリーを形成することと、ガスの流れに適合した複数のチャネルを含む触媒基材上に前記ウォッシュコートスラリーをコーティングして触媒物品を形成することと、前記触媒物品をか焼することとをさらに含み、前記熱処理ステップは、結果として生じる前記触媒物品を熱処理して前記銅−アルミナスピネル相を形成することを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの白金族金属の濃度は、前記白金族金属を含浸させた前記多孔質アルミナ材料の重量に対して約0.1wt%〜約10wt%である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質アルミナ材料は、前記多孔質アルミナ材料の全重量に基づいて、約1〜約40重量%の量の酸化銅を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記白金族金属は白金、パラジウム、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理ステップは、前記銅−アルミナスピネル相の少なくとも一部が、約1nm以上の結晶子径を有する少なくとも1つの白金族金属結晶子の近位にあるか、または直接接触するように白金族金属結晶子の焼結を引き起こす、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記銅−アルミナスピネル相の前記少なくとも一部は、前記少なくとも1つの白金族金属結晶子と約50nm以内にある、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒組成物を熱処理するステップは、前記触媒組成物を酸化環境中で少なくとも600℃の温度で加熱することを含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 酸化銅と混合した主にアルミナを含む前記多孔質アルミナ材料は、可溶性アルミニウム塩と可溶性銅塩との混合物の共沈、またはアルミナ支持体への銅塩の含浸のいずれかを含む方法によって形成される、請求項20に記載の方法。
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