JP2020188692A - Neural stem cell differentiation promoter - Google Patents
Neural stem cell differentiation promoter Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020188692A JP2020188692A JP2019094535A JP2019094535A JP2020188692A JP 2020188692 A JP2020188692 A JP 2020188692A JP 2019094535 A JP2019094535 A JP 2019094535A JP 2019094535 A JP2019094535 A JP 2019094535A JP 2020188692 A JP2020188692 A JP 2020188692A
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤に関する。 The present invention relates to an agent for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells.
脳の海馬領域は、記憶や学習を司る領域であり、海馬歯状回における神経幹細胞からの正常な神経新生が、記憶や学習において重要な役割を担っている。もし、この神経新生に滞りが生じた場合は、物忘れや認知症などの脳の異常を引き起こす可能性がある。実際、神経新生は加齢により低下するため、加齢に伴い記憶や学習能力が落ちたと感じる人は多い。よって、記憶や学習能力を改善するためには、神経幹細胞からの神経新生が重要であり、神経新生を促進することができれば、より効果的な記憶や学習の改善効果を発揮することができると考えられる。 The hippocampal region of the brain is the region that controls memory and learning, and normal neurogenesis from neural stem cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus plays an important role in memory and learning. If this neurogenesis is delayed, it can cause brain abnormalities such as forgetfulness and dementia. In fact, neurogenesis declines with age, and many people feel that their memory and learning abilities have declined with age. Therefore, in order to improve memory and learning ability, neurogenesis from neural stem cells is important, and if neurogenesis can be promoted, more effective memory and learning improvement effects can be exerted. Conceivable.
近年、臓器・組織に存在する幹細胞が老化することが明らかになりつつある(非特許文献1)。具体的に幹細胞の老化とは、増殖能力や分化能力が低下することであり、臓器や組織の再生能力の低下の原因と考えられている。脳に存在する神経幹細胞の分化能力もまた、加齢に伴い著しく低下することが報告されている(非特許文献2)。よって、各臓器・組織に存在する幹細胞の分化能力を向上させる技術は、組織恒常性維持、損傷組織の修復・再生、各種疾患の予防・治療・改善等、抗加齢(抗老化)の用途に極めて有効であると考えられる。 In recent years, it has become clear that stem cells existing in organs and tissues are aging (Non-Patent Document 1). Specifically, aging of stem cells is a decrease in proliferative ability and differentiation ability, and is considered to be a cause of a decrease in regenerative ability of organs and tissues. It has also been reported that the differentiation ability of neural stem cells present in the brain is significantly reduced with aging (Non-Patent Document 2). Therefore, technologies for improving the differentiation ability of stem cells existing in each organ / tissue are used for anti-aging (anti-aging) such as maintenance of tissue homeostasis, repair / regeneration of damaged tissues, prevention / treatment / improvement of various diseases, etc. It is considered to be extremely effective.
これまで、神経幹細胞または神経前駆細胞から神経細胞への分化促進活性を有する物質として、EPA(エイコサペンタエン酸)、DHA(ドコサヘキサエン酸)、DPA(ドコサペンタエン酸)及びこれらの誘導体(特許文献1)、インターロイキン−6レセプターとインターロイキン−6の融合タンパク質(特許文献2)、Gly−Pro−Alaで表されるペプチド(特許文献3)、アルブチン(特許文献4)、ピセアタンノール(特許文献5)等が報告されている。 So far, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) and derivatives thereof (Patent Document 1) have been used as substances having an activity of promoting differentiation from neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells into nerve cells. ), Fusion protein of interleukin-6 receptor and interleukin-6 (Patent Document 2), peptide represented by Gly-Pro-Ala (Patent Document 3), albutin (Patent Document 4), Piseatanol (Patent Document 4). 5) etc. have been reported.
本発明の目的は、上記実情に鑑み、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化を促進する新規な物質を見出し、神経幹細胞の分化促進剤として提供することにある。 In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to find a novel substance that promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells and to provide it as a differentiation promoting agent for neural stem cells.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物又はマンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物と他の生薬の抽出物の混合物が、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化について優れた促進作用を有することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a supercritical extract of Mannentake spores or a mixture of a supercritical extract of Mannentake spores and an extract of other crude drugs is a neural cell of neural stem cells. The present invention has been completed by finding that it has an excellent promoting action for differentiation into.
すなわち、本発明は以下の発明を包含する。
(1)マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物を有効成分として含有する、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤。
(2)(A)マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物と、(B)キキョウ、サンザシ、オオバコ、カンゾウ、チンピ、ショウキョウ、ケイヒ、及びニンジンから選択される1種又は2種以上の生薬の抽出物との混合物を有効成分として含有する、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤。
(3)マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物と、キキョウ及びサンザシから選択される1種又は2種の生薬の抽出物との混合物を有効成分として含有する、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤。
(4)神経幹細胞を、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の剤を含有する培地で培養する工程を含む、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進方法。
(5)神経幹細胞を、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の剤を含有する培地で培養する工程を含む、神経細胞の製造方法。
(6)(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の剤を含有する、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進用組成物。
That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
(1) An agent for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells, which contains a supercritical extract of Ganoderma lucidum spores as an active ingredient.
(2) (A) Supercritical extract of Mannentake spores and (B) Extract of one or more crude drugs selected from (B) Kikyo, Sanzashi, Obako, Kanzo, Chimpi, Shokyo, Keihi, and Carrot. An agent for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells, which contains a mixture with and as an active ingredient.
(3) An agent for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells, which comprises a mixture of a supercritical extract of Mannentake spores and an extract of one or two crude drugs selected from Kyoko and Hawthorn as an active ingredient.
(4) A method for promoting differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells, which comprises a step of culturing neural stem cells in a medium containing the agent according to any one of (1) to (3).
(5) A method for producing a neural cell, which comprises a step of culturing the neural stem cell in a medium containing the agent according to any one of (1) to (3).
(6) A composition for promoting differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells, which comprises the agent according to any one of (1) to (3).
本発明の神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤は、神経幹細胞の分化を促進して神経細胞を効率的に誘導し、神経新生を促進することができるので、加齢等に伴う記憶や学習能力の低下の改善に有効である。 The agent for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells of the present invention can promote the differentiation of neural stem cells, efficiently induce neural cells, and promote neurogenesis. Therefore, memory and learning associated with aging and the like can be achieved. It is effective in improving the decline in ability.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
1.神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤
本発明に係る神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤(以下、「神経幹細胞の分化促進剤」と記載する場合がある)は、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物(マンネンタケ胞子油とも称する)、又は、(A)マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物と、(B)キキョウ、サンザシ、オオバコ、カンゾウ、チンピ、ショウキョウ、ケイヒ、及びニンジンから選択される1種又は2種以上の生薬の抽出物との混合物を有効成分として含有する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
1. 1. Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Promoting Agent The neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent according to the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as "neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent") is a supercritical extraction of Mannentake spores. One selected from (also referred to as mannentake spore oil) or (A) supercritical extract of mannentake spores and (B) kikyo, sanzashi, obaco, kanzo, chimpi, shokyo, keihi, and carrot. It contains a mixture of two or more crude drug extracts as an active ingredient.
本発明において、「神経幹細胞」には、神経細胞(ニューロン)への分化が可能な細胞及びグリア細胞(アストロサイト、オリゴデンドロサイト)への分化が可能な細胞の両方が含まれるが、神経細胞(ニューロン)への分化が優位な細胞が好ましい。神経幹細胞は、Sox2、TLX、Id1、Nestin等のマーカーにより特徴づけられる。 In the present invention, "nerve stem cells" include both cells capable of differentiating into nerve cells (neurons) and cells capable of differentiating into glial cells (astrosites, oligodendrocytes), but nerve cells. Cells that are predominantly differentiated into (neurons) are preferred. Neural stem cells are characterized by markers such as Sox2, TLX, Id1, Nestin and the like.
本発明において、「神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進」とは、本発明の薬剤を投与又は摂取する前と比較して、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化が活性化することをいい、具体的には、神経幹細胞から分化した神経細胞、アストロサイト、オリゴデンドロサイト、それらの幼若細胞、前駆細胞のいずれか、好ましくは神経細胞の細胞数が増加することをいう。ここで、「神経細胞」とは、神経突起及び軸索を伸長し、次の神経細胞との間にシナプスを形成し、神経伝達物質を分泌するものをいう。 In the present invention, "promotion of differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells" means that differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells is activated as compared with before administration or ingestion of the agent of the present invention. Specifically, it means that the number of nerve cells differentiated from neural stem cells, astrosites, oligodendrocytes, their immature cells, or precursor cells, preferably nerve cells, increases. Here, the "nerve cell" refers to a cell that extends a neurite and an axon, forms a synapse with the next nerve cell, and secretes a neurotransmitter.
マンネンタケは、マンネンタケ科(Ganodermataceae)マンネンタケ属(Ganoderma)に属する担子菌で、生薬「霊芝」に用いられる。霊芝は、中国の薬学古書である「本草綱目」や「神農本草経」によると、赤霊芝(赤芝)、黒霊芝(黒芝)、紫霊芝(紫芝)、青霊芝(青芝)、黄霊芝(黄芝)及び白霊芝(白芝)が存在すると記載されている。また、赤霊芝の一種として、鹿角霊芝も知られている。本発明に用いられる「マンネンタケ胞子」は、上記マンネンタケ科マンネンタケ属の霊芝の胞子であれば特に限定はされず、例えば、赤霊芝、黒霊芝、紫霊芝、青霊芝、黄霊芝、白霊芝の胞子が挙げられるが、赤霊芝(Ganoderma lucidum)、黒霊芝(Ganoderma sinense、Ganoderma japonicum、Ganoderma atrum)の胞子がより好ましい。 Ganoderma is a basidiomycete belonging to the genus Ganoderma of the family Ganodermataceae and is used in the crude drug "Reishi". Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum), Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum), Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum), Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum), according to the Chinese ancient pharmaceutical books "Honso Tsuname" and "Shennong Ben Cao Jing" ), Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum) and Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum) are described to exist. In addition, as a kind of red ganoderma, antler ganoderma is also known. The "Ganoderma spore" used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a spore of Ganoderma genus Ganoderma of the family Ganoderma, for example, red ganoderma, black ganoderma, purple ganoderma, blue ganoderma, and yellow spirit. Ganoderma lucidum and black ganoderma (Ganoderma sinense, Ganoderma japonicum, Ganoderma atrum) spores are more preferable, although turf and white ganoderma spores are mentioned.
マンネンタケ胞子は、霊芝が成熟する頃に菌傘に現れる褐色の粉末状の物質である。本発明において、マンネンタケ胞子には、胞子及び複数個の胞子が内生した胞子のうを包含するものとする。マンネンタケ胞子の抽出には、回収したマンネンタケ胞子をそのまま用いてもよいが、胞子の細胞壁を物理的な力によって崩壊させるための破壁処理を行うことが好ましい。破壁の処理方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、微粒化処理、ロールプレス処理、磨砕処理、超高圧マイクロスチーム処理、及び通常工業的に用いられるその他の機械的方法で行うことができる。破壁胞子を用いる場合は、上記のいずれかの方法で得たものでもよいし、市販品を利用することもできる。 Ganoderma lucidum spores are brown powdery substances that appear on the umbrella when Ganoderma lucidum matures. In the present invention, Ganoderma lucidum spores include spores and spore spores in which a plurality of spores are endogenous. The recovered Ganoderma lucidum spores may be used as they are for the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spores, but it is preferable to perform a wall breaking treatment for disrupting the cell wall of the spores by a physical force. The method for treating the rupture wall is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, atomization treatment, roll press treatment, grinding treatment, ultrahigh pressure microsteam treatment, and other mechanical methods usually used industrially. When ruptured spores are used, those obtained by any of the above methods may be used, or commercially available products may be used.
本発明において、マンネンタケ胞子の抽出方法は、マンネンタケ胞子に超臨界状態にある流体(超臨界流体)を接触させる方法であれば特に限定はされないが、安全かつ容易に脱溶剤を行なうことができる点で、超臨界状態にある二酸化炭素(超臨界二酸化炭素)による抽出方法が好ましい。超臨界二酸化炭素とは、温度が31℃以上、圧力が7MPa以上の条件下で流体状態になった二酸化炭素をいい、本発明において、超臨界状態にはその近傍の状態も含むものとする。 In the present invention, the method for extracting Mannentake spores is not particularly limited as long as it is a method in which a fluid in a supercritical state (supercritical fluid) is brought into contact with Mannentake spores, but the solvent can be safely and easily removed. Therefore, an extraction method using carbon dioxide in a supercritical state (supercritical carbon dioxide) is preferable. The supercritical carbon dioxide refers to carbon dioxide that has become a fluid state under the conditions of a temperature of 31 ° C. or higher and a pressure of 7 MPa or higher, and in the present invention, the supercritical state includes a state in the vicinity thereof.
超臨界状態にある二酸化炭素による抽出条件として、温度は31〜100℃が好ましく、31〜80℃がより好ましく、31〜60℃がさらに好ましく、また、圧力は7〜100MPaが好ましく、7〜50MPaが好ましく、7〜30MPaがさらに好ましい。なかでも、温度が31〜80℃で、かつ圧力が7〜50MPaであることが特に好ましく、温度が31〜60℃で、かつ圧力が7〜30MPaであることが最も好ましい。抽出の際の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給量としては、例えば、マンネンタケ胞子(乾燥物換算)1重量部に対して、5〜500重量部が好ましく、10〜100重量部がより好ましい。また、抽出時間としては、30分〜24時間が好ましく、1〜10時間がより好ましい。更に、共溶媒(エントレーナー)として有機溶媒を用いることもできる。共溶媒(エントレーナー)としては、エタノール、アセトン等が挙げられる。中でも、安全性の面からエタノールが好ましい。 As the extraction conditions with carbon dioxide in the supercritical state, the temperature is preferably 31 to 100 ° C., more preferably 31 to 80 ° C., further preferably 31 to 60 ° C., and the pressure is preferably 7 to 100 MPa, 7 to 50 MPa. Is preferable, and 7 to 30 MPa is more preferable. Among them, the temperature is particularly preferably 31 to 80 ° C. and the pressure is 7 to 50 MPa, and the temperature is most preferably 31 to 60 ° C. and the pressure is 7 to 30 MPa. The amount of supercritical carbon dioxide supplied during extraction is preferably 5 to 500 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of mannentake spores (dry matter equivalent). The extraction time is preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours, more preferably 1 to 10 hours. Further, an organic solvent can be used as a co-solvent (entrainer). Examples of the co-solvent (entrainer) include ethanol, acetone and the like. Of these, ethanol is preferable from the viewpoint of safety.
超臨界状態にある二酸化炭素による抽出は、例えば、上記抽出条件の二酸化炭素を連続的に吹き込むことにより行うことができる。次いで、マンネンタケ胞子の抽出物を含有する二酸化炭素流体を分離槽に導き、常用されている方法、例えば、圧力を下げる方法、温度を変化させる方法等で分離する。この際、分離槽には抽出された溶質を吸着できる吸着剤や、溶解や分散させることができる媒体(溶剤、基剤)等を充填しておくこともでき、抽出条件に応じた適当な分離手段を採用できる。分離された二酸化炭素は、液化槽に輸送して再利用することができる。 Extraction with carbon dioxide in a supercritical state can be performed, for example, by continuously blowing carbon dioxide under the above extraction conditions. Next, the carbon dioxide fluid containing the extract of Ganoderma lucidum spores is guided to a separation tank and separated by a commonly used method such as a method of lowering the pressure or a method of changing the temperature. At this time, the separation tank can be filled with an adsorbent capable of adsorbing the extracted solute, a medium (solvent, base) capable of dissolving and dispersing, and the like, and appropriate separation according to the extraction conditions. Means can be adopted. The separated carbon dioxide can be transported to a liquefaction tank for reuse.
「キキョウ」(和名:桔梗、学名:PLATYCODI RADIX)は、キキョウ科(Campanulaceae)の多年草であるキキョウ(学名:Platycodon grandiflorus A. De Candolle)の根であり、キキョウの乾燥したもの(生干桔梗)と、コルク皮を除き乾燥したもの(晒桔梗)がある。生薬(日本薬局方)では主に去痰薬として用いられている。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「キキョウ(桔梗)」として用いられる、キキョウの根(生干桔梗)又はコルク皮を除いた根(晒桔梗)が好ましい。なお、キキョウは生薬名(日本薬局方)であると同時に植物名である。 "Kikyo" (Japanese name: Kikyo, scientific name: PLATYCODI RADIX) is the root of Kikyo (scientific name: Platycodon grandiflorus A. De Candolle), which is a perennial plant of the Bellflower family (Campanulaceae), and is a dried one (raw dried bellflower). ) And dried (bleached bellflower) except for cork skin. It is mainly used as an expectorant in crude drugs (Japanese Pharmacopoeia). The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably the root of Japanese bellflower (raw dried bellflower) or the root without cork skin (bleached bellflower) used as the crude drug "Kikyo". In addition, Kikyo is a crude drug name (Japanese Pharmacopoeia) and a plant name at the same time.
「サンザシ」(和名:山査子、学名:CRATAEGI FRUCTUS)は、バラ科(Rosaceae)のサンザシ(Crataegus cuneata Siebold et Zuccarini)又はオオミサンザシ(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. major N. E. Brown)の偽果をそのまま、または縦切り若しくは横切りしたものであり、生薬(日本薬局方)では主に消化吸収補助薬として用いられている。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「サンザシ(山査子)」として用いられる、サンザシの果実(偽果)が好ましい。なお、サンザシは、生薬名(日本薬局方)であると同時に植物名である。 "Hawthorn" (Japanese name: Yamasuko, scientific name: CRATAEGI FRUCTUS) is a false fruit of the Rosaceae hawthorn (Crataegus cuneata Siebold et Zuccarini) or hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. Major NE Brown). It is cut vertically or horizontally, and is mainly used as a digestive and absorption aid in crude medicine (Japanese Pharmacy). The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably hawthorn fruit (fake fruit), which is used as the crude drug "Hawthorn (Hawthorn)". Hawthorn is a crude drug name (Japanese Pharmacopoeia) and a plant name at the same time.
「オオバコ」(和名:大葉子(オオバコ)、別名:車前草(シャゼンソウ)、学名:
PLANTAGINIS HERBA)は、オオバコ科(Plantaginaceae)の多年草であるオオバコ(学名:Plantago asiatica Linne)の花期の全草であり、生薬(日本薬局方)では主に去痰薬として用いられている。オオバコとしては、日本在来種ではオオバコ(Plantago asiatica)、エゾオオバコ(Plantago camtschatica)、トウオオバコ(Plantago japonica)、ハラオオバコ(Plantago lanceolata)、その近縁の帰化種であるセイヨウオオバコ(Plantago major)、ツボミオオバコ(Plantago virginica)等が挙げられ、その同属又は近縁植物でもよい。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「シャゼンソウ(車前草)」として用いられる、オオバコの全草が好ましい。
"Plantago" (Japanese name: Plantain), also known as: Shazensou, scientific name:
PLANTAGINIS HERBA) is a whole plantago (scientific name: Plantago asiatica Linne), which is a perennial plant of the plantain family (Plantaginaceae), and is mainly used as an expectorant in crude drugs (Japanese Pharmacopoeia). As for plantains, the Japanese native species are plantain (Plantago asiatica), plantain camtschatica (Plantago camtschatica), plantago japonica (Plantago japonica), plantago lanceolata (Plantago lanceolata), and their closely related naturalized species, plantain psyllium (Plantago major) and psyllium. (Plantago virginica) and the like, and may be a plant of the same genus or related plants thereof. The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably the whole plantago asiatica, which is used as the crude drug "Shazensou".
「カンゾウ」(和名:甘草、学名:GLYCYRRHIZAE RADIX)は、マメ科(Fabaceae)の多年草であるカンゾウ(学名:Glycyrrhiza uralensis)の根又は走出茎(ストロン)、ときには周皮を除いたもの(皮去りカンゾウ)であり、生薬(日本薬局方)では主に鎮痛鎮痙薬(胃腸薬)、去痰薬として用いられている。カンゾウとしては、ウラルカンゾウ(学名:Glycyrrhiza uralensis)、スペインカンゾウ(学名:Glycyrrhiza glabra)、シナカンゾウ(学名:Glycyrrhiza echinata)等が挙げられ、その同属又は近縁植物でもよい。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「カンゾウ(甘草)」として用いられる、カンゾウの根又は走出茎(ストロン)が好ましい。なお、カンゾウは生薬名(日本薬局方)であると同時に植物名である。 "Glycyrrhiza vulgaris" (Japanese name: licorice, scientific name: GLYCYRRHIZAE RADIX) is a perennial herb of the legume family (Fabaceae). It is a licorice (licorice), and is mainly used as an analgesic and antispasmodic (gastrointestinal) and sputum in crude drugs (Japanese Pharmacy). Examples of the licorice include Ural licorice (scientific name: Glycyrrhiza uralensis), licorice (scientific name: Glycyrrhiza glabra), licorice (scientific name: Glycyrrhiza echinata), and the like, or related plants thereof. The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably licorice root or stalk (stron), which is used as the crude drug "licorice (licorice)". Licorice is a crude drug name (Japanese Pharmacopoeia) and a plant name at the same time.
「チンピ」(和名:陳皮、学名: AURANTII NOBILIS PERICARPIUM)は、ミカン科(Rutaceae)の常緑低木であるウンシュウミカン(学名:Citrus unshiu Marcowicz又はCitrus reticulata Blanco)の成熟した果皮であり、生薬(日本薬局方)では主に健胃薬として用いられている。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「チンピ(陳皮)」として用いられる、ウンシュウミカンの果皮が好ましい。 "Chinpi" (Japanese name: Chenpi, scientific name: AURANTII NOBILIS PERICARPIUM) is the mature pericarp of Satsuma mandarin (scientific name: Citrus unshiu Marcowicz or Citrus reticulata Blanco), which is an evergreen shrub of the Rutaceae family. In the pharmacy), it is mainly used as a stomachic medicine. The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably the peel of Satsuma mandarin, which is used as the crude drug "chinpi".
「ショウキョウ」(和名:生姜、学名:ZINGIBERIS RHIZOMA)は、ショウガ科(Zingiberaceae)の多年草であるショウガ(学名:Zingiber officinale Roscoe)の根茎で、ときに周皮を除いたものであり、生薬(日本薬局方)では主に健胃薬として用いられている。「ショウキョウ」はショウガの根茎を生のまま乾燥させたもの、「カンキョウ」はショウガの根茎を蒸して乾燥したものである。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「ショウキョウ(生姜)」として用いられている、ショウガの根茎が好ましい。 "Ginger" (Japanese name: ginger, scientific name: ZINGIBERIS RHIZOMA) is the rootstock of ginger (scientific name: Zingiber officinale Roscoe), which is a perennial plant of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), and sometimes the peripheral skin is removed. It is mainly used as a stomachic medicine in (Japanese Pharmacy). "Ginger" is a raw dried rhizome of ginger, and "Kankyo" is a steamed and dried rhizome of ginger. The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably the rhizome of ginger, which is used as the crude drug "shokyo (ginger)".
「ケイヒ」(和名:桂皮、学名:CINNAMOMI CORTEX)は、クスノキ科(Lauraceae)のトンキンニッケイ(カシア)(学名:Cinnamomum cassia Blume)又はその他同属植物の樹皮、又は周皮の一部を除いたものであり、生薬(日本薬局方)では主に健胃薬として用いられている。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「ケイヒ(桂皮)」として用いられる、ニッケイの樹皮が好ましい。 "Cinnamon" (Japanese name: cinnamon bark, scientific name: CINNAMOMI CORTEX) excludes part of the bark or peripheral bark of Lauraceae Tonkinnikkei (cassia) (scientific name: Cinnamomum cassia Blume) or other similar plants. It is mainly used as a stomachic medicine in crude drugs (Japanese cinnamon). The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably the bark of Nikkei, which is used as the crude drug "Cinnamon bark".
「ニンジン」(和名:人参、学名:GINSENG RADIX)は、ウコギ科(Araliaceae)の多年草であるオタネニンジン(学名:Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer、別名:高麗人参、朝鮮人参、薬用人参)の細根を除いた根又はこれを軽く湯通ししたものであり、生薬(日本薬局方)では主に保健強壮薬や健胃薬に使用される。オタネニンジンは、その同属又は近縁植物でもよく、例えば、トチバニンジン(学名:Panax japonicus C.A.Mey)、サンシチニンジン(学名:Panax notoginseng)、セイヨウニンジン(学名:Panax quinquefolius)、シベリアニンジン(学名:Eleutherococcus senticosus)等が挙げられる。本発明において使用する抽出原料は、生薬の「ニンジン(人参)」として用いられる、オタネニンジンの根が好ましい。 "Ginseng" (Japanese name: ginseng, scientific name: GINSENG RADIX) excludes the fine roots of Panax ginseng CA Meyer (scientific name: Panax ginseng CA Meyer, also known as Korean ginseng, medicinal ginseng), which is a perennial plant of the Araliaceae family. The root or this is lightly boiled, and is mainly used for health tonics and stomachic medicines in raw medicine (Japanese Pharmacy). Panax notoginseng may be a plant of the same genus or related plants thereof, for example, Panax japonicus (scientific name: Panax japonicus CAMey), Panax notoginseng (scientific name: Panax notoginseng), Panax notoginseng (scientific name: Panax quinquefolius), Siberian ginseng (scientific name: Eleutherococcus senticosus). ) Etc. can be mentioned. The extraction raw material used in the present invention is preferably ginseng root, which is used as a crude drug "carrot".
本発明において、キキョウ、サンザシ、オオバコ、カンゾウ、チンピ、ショウキョウ、ケイヒ、及びニンジンの抽出には、上記の抽出原料をそのまま使用してもよく、乾燥、粉砕、細切等の処理を行ってもよい。 In the present invention, the above-mentioned extraction raw materials may be used as they are for the extraction of ginger, hawthorn, licorice, licorice, chimpi, ginger, keihi, and carrot, and they are dried, crushed, shredded, and the like. May be good.
抽出方法は特に限定されず、例えば、加熱抽出方法であってもよいし、常温や冷温抽出方法であってもよい。抽出に使用する溶媒としては、例えば、水若しくは熱水、低級アルコール類(メタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノール、2−プロパノール、1−ブタノール、2−ブタノール等)、液状多価アルコール類(1,3−ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン等)、ケトン類(アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等)、アセトニトリル、エステル類(酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等)、炭化水素類(ヘキサン、ヘプタン、流動パラフィン等)、エーテル類(エチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、プロピルエーテル等)等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒のなかでも、水若しくは熱水、低級アルコール、液状多価アルコール等が好ましい。これらの溶媒は1種でも2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。また、上記抽出溶媒に酸やアルカリを添加して、pH調整した溶媒を使用することもできる。 The extraction method is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a heat extraction method, or a normal temperature or cold temperature extraction method. Examples of the solvent used for extraction include water or hot water, lower alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, etc.), and liquid polyhydric alcohols (1,3). -Butylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), acetonitrile, esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.), hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, liquid paraffin, etc.), ethers (ethyl) Ether, tetrahydrofuran, propyl ether, etc.) and the like. Among these solvents, water or hot water, lower alcohols, liquid polyhydric alcohols and the like are preferable. These solvents may be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Further, it is also possible to use a solvent whose pH is adjusted by adding an acid or an alkali to the above extraction solvent.
抽出溶媒の使用量については、特に限定はなく、例えば抽出原料(乾燥重量)に対し、10倍以上、好ましくは20倍以上であればよいが、抽出後に濃縮を行なったり、単離したりする場合の操作の便宜上100倍以下であることが好ましい。また、抽出温度や時間は、対象植物及び使用する溶媒の種類によるが、例えば、10〜100℃、好ましくは30〜90℃で、30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜10時間を例示することができる。 The amount of the extraction solvent used is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 10 times or more, preferably 20 times or more the amount of the extraction raw material (dry weight), but in the case of concentration or isolation after extraction. It is preferably 100 times or less for convenience of operation. The extraction temperature and time will vary depending on the target plant and the type of solvent used, and for example, 10 to 100 ° C., preferably 30 to 90 ° C., 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours will be exemplified. Can be done.
また、抽出物は、抽出した溶液のまま用いてもよいが、必要に応じて、その効果に影響のない範囲で、濃縮(有機溶媒、減圧濃縮、膜濃縮などによる濃縮)、希釈、濾過、活性炭等による脱色、脱臭、エタノール沈殿等の処理を行ってから用いてもよい。さらには、抽出した溶液を濃縮乾固、噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥等の処理を行い、乾燥物として用いてもよい。 The extract may be used as it is in the extracted solution, but if necessary, concentration (concentration by organic solvent, vacuum concentration, membrane concentration, etc.), dilution, filtration, etc., within a range that does not affect the effect. It may be used after being subjected to treatments such as decolorization with activated carbon, deodorization, and ethanol precipitation. Further, the extracted solution may be subjected to treatments such as concentrated drying, spray drying, freeze drying and the like, and used as a dried product.
本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤は、上記のようにして得られたマンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物を有効成分として含有してもよく、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物と、
キキョウ、サンザシ、オオバコ、カンゾウ、チンピ、ショウキョウ、ケイヒ、及びニンジンから選択される1種又は2種以上の生薬の抽出物との混合物を有効成分として含有してもよい。マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物と組み合わせて用いる生薬の抽出物は、キキョウ抽出物、サンザシ抽出物、オオバコ抽出物、カンゾウ抽出物、チンピ抽出物、ショウキョウ抽出物、ケイヒ抽出物、ニンジン抽出物のいずれか1種でもよいが、2種以上が好ましく、3種がより好ましい。なかでも、キキョウ抽出物、サンザシ抽出物が好ましい。2種以上を併用する場合、その組み合わせや混合比率は限定されない。
The neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent according to the present invention may contain the supercritical extract of Mannentake spores obtained as described above as an active ingredient, and the supercritical extract of Mannentake spores and
The active ingredient may contain a mixture of one or more herbal extracts selected from liquorice, hawthorn, sardine, licorice, chimpi, sardine, chenpi, and carrot. The crude drug extracts used in combination with the supercritical extract of Mannentake spores are Kyoko extract, Sanzashi extract, Obako extract, Kanzo extract, Chinpi extract, Shokyo extract, Keihi extract, Carrot extract. Any one type may be used, but two or more types are preferable, and three types are more preferable. Of these, the Japanese bellflower extract and the hawthorn extract are preferable. When two or more types are used in combination, the combination and mixing ratio are not limited.
マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物、又は、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物とキキョウ、サンザシ、オオバコ、カンゾウ、チンピ、ショウキョウ、ケイヒ、及びニンジンから選択される1種又は2種以上の生薬の抽出物との混合物(以下、「生薬抽出物」という)は、生体レベル(生体内)でも又は培養レベル(生体外)でも神経幹細胞の分化を促進する作用を有するので、本発明の神経幹細胞の分化促進剤は、ヒトを含む哺乳動物に対して投与することによって神経幹細胞の分化を促進するための薬剤として、また、神経幹細胞の分化を促進し、神経細胞を製造するための幹細胞培養用培地添加剤、研究用試薬、医療用試薬としても使用することができる。 Supercritical extract of Mannentake spores, or supercritical extract of Mannentake spore and one or more crude drug extracts selected from Kikyo, Sanzashi, Obako, Kanzo, Chinpi, Shokyo, Keihi, and Carrot Since the mixture with and (hereinafter referred to as "herbal extract") has an effect of promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells at the biological level (in vivo) or at the culture level (in vitro), the differentiation promotion of the neural stem cells of the present invention is promoted. The agent is a drug for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells by administering to mammals including humans, and is a medium additive for stem cell culture for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells and producing neural cells. It can also be used as a research reagent and a medical reagent.
本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤は、有効成分である上記生薬抽出物が、神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進作用を有するので、神経幹細胞の分化機能低下又は不全により、正常に神経細胞が形成されないことに関連する神経系の疾患又は病態を治療、改善、及び予防するのに有効である。神経幹細胞の分化機能低下又は不全に関連する神経系の疾患又は病態としては、例えば、物忘れ、認知症、アルツハイマー病、脊髄損傷、脊髄小脳変性症、ハンチントン病(HD)、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、多発ニューロパチー、脊髄性筋萎縮症、パーキンソン病、多発性硬化症(MS)、脳血管障害(脳梗塞、脳卒中、脳動脈瘤)、脳血管障害による運動障害、進行性核上性麻痺、振戦、てんかん、脳外傷、うつ病、不眠症、学習障害、不安障害(パニック障害、強迫性障害等)、統合失調症、発達障害、注意欠陥多動性障害などが挙げられる。また、「神経幹細胞の分化機能低下又は不全」は、加齢、内的要因(ストレス、不安、緊張等)、外的要因(外傷等)のいずれによるものであってもよい。 In the neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent according to the present invention, since the above-mentioned crude drug extract, which is an active ingredient, has an action of promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into neural cells, the neural stem cells are normally affected by a decrease in differentiation function or insufficiency. It is effective in treating, ameliorating, and preventing diseases or conditions of the nervous system associated with the formation of. Diseases or conditions of the nervous system associated with decreased differentiation or dysfunction of nerve stem cells include, for example, forgetfulness, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, spinocerebellar degeneration, Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disease (ALS), multiple neuropathy, spinal muscular atrophy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebrovascular accident (cerebral infarction, stroke, cerebral aneurysm), movement disorder due to cerebrovascular accident, progressive supranuclear These include sexual palsy, tremor, epilepsy, cerebral trauma, depression, insomnia, learning disorders, anxiety disorders (panic disorder, compulsive disorder, etc.), schizophrenia, developmental disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, "neural stem cell differentiation function decline or deficiency" may be due to any of aging, internal factors (stress, anxiety, tension, etc.), and external factors (trauma, etc.).
本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤における生薬抽出物の含有量は、特に限定されないが、抽出物の性状(抽出液、濃縮物、又は乾燥物)により、例えば、当該薬剤全量に対して、0.00001〜10重量%であることが好ましく、0.0001〜1重量%であることがより好ましい。 The content of the crude drug extract in the neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but depending on the properties of the extract (extract, concentrate, or dried product), for example, with respect to the total amount of the drug. It is preferably 0.00001 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.0001 to 1% by weight.
2.神経幹細胞の分化促進方法、神経細胞の製造方法
本発明はまた、神経幹細胞を、上記神経幹細胞の分化促進剤を含有する培地で培養する工程を含む、神経幹細胞の分化促進方法、ならびに、神経幹細胞を、上記神経幹細胞の分化促進剤を含有する培地で培養する工程を含む、神経細胞の製造方法に関する。本発明に係る方法において神経幹細胞から分化誘導して製造された神経細胞は、一般的に体外で培養後、神経損傷部や組織を再生させたい部位に直接注射などで移植することが可能である。すなわち、本発明に係る方法にて製造された神経細胞は移植材料(細胞移植剤)として用いることができる。
2. 2. Method for Promoting Differentiation of Neural Stem Cell, Method for Producing Neural Stem The present invention also includes a method for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells and a method for promoting neural stem cell, including a step of culturing the neural stem cell in a medium containing the above-mentioned neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent. The present invention relates to a method for producing a neural cell, which comprises a step of culturing the neural stem cell in a medium containing a differentiation promoting agent. The nerve cells produced by inducing differentiation from neural stem cells in the method according to the present invention can be generally transplanted in vitro to a nerve-damaged part or a site where tissue is to be regenerated by direct injection or the like. .. That is, the nerve cells produced by the method according to the present invention can be used as a transplant material (cell transplant agent).
本発明に係る方法において用いる培地は、上記神経幹細胞の分化促進剤を添加する以外は、特に限定はされず、神経幹細胞の培養及び分化のために一般的に使用されている培地及び添加剤を用いればよい。 The medium used in the method according to the present invention is not particularly limited except for the addition of the above-mentioned neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent, and the medium and additives generally used for culturing and differentiating neural stem cells are used. It may be used.
具体的には、神経幹細胞を培養する培地には、幹細胞の生存及び増殖に必要な成分(無機塩、炭水化物、ホルモン、必須アミノ酸、非必須アミノ酸、ビタミン、脂肪酸)を含む基本培地、例えば、Dulbecco' s Modified Eagle Medium(D−MEM)、Minimum Essential Medium(MEM)、RPMI 1640、Basal Medium Eagle(BME)、Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium:Nutrient Mixture F−12(D−MEM/F−12)、Glasgow Minimum Essential Medium(Glasgow MEM)等が用いられる。また、上記培地には、細胞の増殖速度を増大させるために、及び/又は、神経細胞への分化誘導の補助のために、必要に応じて、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、神経成長因子(NGF)、塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(bFGF)、上皮細胞増殖因子(EGF)、腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)、ビタミン類、インターロイキン類、ビオチン、インスリン、トランスフェリン、ヘパリン、ヘパラン硫酸、コラーゲン、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、フィブロネクチン、プロゲステロン、セレナイト、B27−サプリメント、N2−サプリメント、ITS−サプリメント等を添加してもよく、また、抗生物質(ペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン等)等を添加してもよい。培地の各成分は、各々適する方法で滅菌して使用する。上記各成分を基本培地に適宜添加した市販品の培地を使用することもできる。 Specifically, the medium for culturing neural stem cells is a basal medium containing components necessary for the survival and proliferation of stem cells (inorganic salts, carbohydrates, hormones, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids), for example, Dulvecco. 's Modified Eagle's Medium (D-MEM), Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), RPMI 1640, Basic Medium Eagle (BME), Dulvecco's Modern Eagle's Medium-Med Glassgo Minimum Essential Medium (Grasgow MEM) and the like are used. In addition, the above medium contains brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor, as necessary, in order to increase the growth rate of cells and / or to assist in inducing differentiation into nerve cells. (NGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vitamins, interleukins, biotin, insulin, transferase, heparin, heparan sulfate, collagen, Bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibronectin, progesterone, selenite, B27-supplement, N2-supplement, ITS-supplement and the like may be added, and antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin and the like) and the like may be added. Each component of the medium is sterilized and used by a suitable method. A commercially available medium in which each of the above components is appropriately added to the basal medium can also be used.
また、上記以外には、1〜20%の含有率で血清(例えば、10%FBS)が含まれることが好ましい。しかし、血清はロットの違いにより成分が異なり、その効果にバラツキがあるため、ロットチェックを行った後に使用することが好ましい。 In addition to the above, it is preferable that serum (for example, 10% FBS) is contained at a content of 1 to 20%. However, since the components of serum differ depending on the lot and the effect varies, it is preferable to use the serum after performing a lot check.
上記の本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤あるいは本発明に係る方法に準じて、上記の生薬抽出物を、単独で、あるいは培地と別々に又は培地と混合し、神経幹細胞の分化促進のための試薬キットとして提供することもできる。当該キットは、必要に応じて取扱い説明書等を含むことができる。あるいは、上記の生薬抽出物を培地と混合し、神経幹細胞の分化促進用培地として提供することもできる。 According to the above-mentioned neural stem cell differentiation promoter according to the present invention or the method according to the present invention, the above crude drug extract is used alone or separately from the medium or mixed with the medium to promote the differentiation of neural stem cells. It can also be provided as a reagent kit of. The kit may include an instruction manual or the like, if necessary. Alternatively, the above crude drug extract can be mixed with a medium and provided as a medium for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells.
神経幹細胞の培養に用いる培養器は、神経幹細胞の培養が可能なものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば、フラスコ、シャーレ、ディッシュ、プレート、チャンバースライド、チューブ、トレイ、培養バッグ、ローラーボトルなどが挙げられる。培養器は、細胞非接着性であっても細胞接着性であってもよく、目的に応じて適宜選択される。細胞接着性の培養器は、細胞との接着性を向上させる目的で、細胞外マトリックス等による細胞支持用基質などで処理したものを用いてもよい。細胞支持用基質としては、例えば、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、ポリ−L−リジン、ポリ−D−リジン、ラミニン、フィブロネクチンなどが挙げられる。 The incubator used for culturing neural stem cells is not particularly limited as long as it can cultivate neural stem cells, and examples thereof include flasks, petri dishes, dishes, plates, chamber slides, tubes, trays, culture bags, and roller bottles. Can be mentioned. The incubator may be cell-non-adhesive or cell-adherent, and is appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. As the cell adhesion incubator, those treated with a cell support substrate or the like using an extracellular matrix or the like may be used for the purpose of improving the adhesion to cells. Examples of the cell support substrate include collagen, gelatin, poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, laminin, fibronectin and the like.
幹細胞培養に使用される培地に対する生薬抽出物の添加濃度は、上述の本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤における生薬抽出物の含有量に準じて適宜決定することができるが、生薬抽出物の乾燥物に換算して、例えば10〜10000μg/mL、好ましくは100〜5000μg/mLの濃度が挙げられる。また、幹細胞の培養期間中、これらの抽出物を定期的に培地に添加してもよい。 The concentration of the crude drug extract added to the medium used for stem cell culture can be appropriately determined according to the content of the crude drug extract in the above-mentioned neural stem cell differentiation promoter according to the present invention, but the crude drug extract In terms of dry matter, for example, a concentration of 10 to 10000 μg / mL, preferably 100 to 5000 μg / mL can be mentioned. In addition, these extracts may be added to the medium on a regular basis during the stem cell culture period.
幹細胞の培養条件は、幹細胞の培養に用いられる通常の条件に従えばよく、特別な制御は必要ではない。例えば、培養温度は、特に限定されるものではないが約30〜40℃、好ましくは約36〜37℃である。CO2ガス濃度は、例えば約1〜10%、好ましくは約2〜5%である。なお、培地の交換は2〜3日に1回行うことが好ましく、毎日行うことがより好ましい。前記培養条件は、幹細胞が生存及び増殖可能な範囲で適宜変動させて設定することもできる。 The stem cell culture conditions may follow the usual conditions used for stem cell culture, and no special control is required. For example, the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40 ° C, preferably about 36 to 37 ° C. The CO 2 gas concentration is, for example, about 1-10%, preferably about 2-5%. The medium is preferably changed once every 2 to 3 days, and more preferably every day. The culture conditions can be appropriately varied and set within a range in which stem cells can survive and proliferate.
神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化が促進されたか否かのin vitroでの判定は、当業者が通常行う方法によって行うことが可能であり、例えば、本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤の非存在下で培養した幹細胞と比較して、本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤の存在下で培養した該幹細胞において神経細胞マーカー遺伝子の発現レベルがmRNAレベル又はタンパク質レベルで有意に高いか否かで評価することができる。神経細胞マーカー遺伝子としては、例えば、Map2(Microtubule-Associated Protein-2)遺伝子、NeuN(Fox-3, Rbfox3, Hexaribonucleotide Binding Protein-3) 遺伝子、Tuj1 (Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin)遺伝子、NCAM(Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule)遺伝子などが挙げられるが、これらに限定はされない。 In vitro determination of whether or not the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells has been promoted can be performed by a method usually performed by those skilled in the art, for example, the non-proliferating agent for neural stem cells according to the present invention. Whether the expression level of the neural cell marker gene is significantly higher at the mRNA level or the protein level in the stem cell cultured in the presence of the neural stem cell differentiation promoter according to the present invention as compared with the stem cell cultured in the presence. Can be evaluated at. Examples of nerve cell marker genes include Map2 (Microtubule-Associated Protein-2) gene, NeuN (Fox-3, Rbfox3, Hexaribonucleotide Binding Protein-3) gene, Tuj1 (Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin) gene, and NCAM. Examples include, but are not limited to, the (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule) gene.
3.神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進用組成物
本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤を生体内に投与する場合は、そのまま投与することも可能であるが、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で適当な添加物とともに医薬品(医薬部外品を含む)、飲食品等の各種組成物に配合して提供できる。
3. 3. Composition for Promoting Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells into Nerve Cells When the neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent according to the present invention is administered in vivo, it can be administered as it is, but as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It can be provided by blending it with various compositions such as pharmaceuticals (including quasi-drugs) and foods and drinks together with appropriate additives.
本発明に係る神経幹細胞の分化促進剤を医薬品に配合する場合は、薬理学的及び製剤学的に許容しうる添加物と混合し、患部に適用するのに適した製剤形態の各種製剤に製剤化することができる。薬理学的及び製剤学的に許容しうる添加物としては、その剤形、用途に応じて、適宜選択した製剤用基材や担体、賦形剤、希釈剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、コーティング剤、崩壊剤又は崩壊補助剤、安定化剤、保存剤、防腐剤、増量剤、分散剤、湿潤化剤、緩衝剤、溶解剤又は溶解補助剤、等張化剤、pH調節剤、噴射剤、着色剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、香料等を適宜添加し、公知の種々の方法にて経口又は非経口的に全身又は局所投与することができる各種製剤形態に調製すればよい。本発明の医薬品を上記の各形態で提供する場合、通常当業者に用いられる製法、たとえば日本薬局方の製剤総則[2]製剤各条に示された製法等により製造することができる。 When the neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent according to the present invention is blended in a pharmaceutical product, it is mixed with a pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additive and formulated into various preparations in a preparation form suitable for application to an affected area. Can be transformed into. Pharmacologically and pharmacologically acceptable additives include formulation substrates and carriers, excipients, diluents, binders, preservatives, and coatings that are appropriately selected according to the dosage form and application. Agents, disintegrants or disintegrants, stabilizers, preservatives, preservatives, bulking agents, dispersants, wetting agents, buffers, solubilizers or solubilizers, isotonic agents, pH regulators, propellants , Coloring agents, sweeteners, flavoring agents, fragrances and the like may be appropriately added to prepare various formulations that can be orally or parenterally administered systemically or topically by various known methods. When the pharmaceutical product of the present invention is provided in each of the above forms, it can be produced by a manufacturing method usually used by those skilled in the art, for example, the manufacturing method shown in each article of the general formulation [2] formulation of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
本発明の医薬品の形態としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば錠剤、糖衣錠剤、カプセル剤、トローチ剤、顆粒剤、散剤、液剤、丸剤、乳剤、シロップ剤、懸濁剤、エリキシル剤などの経口剤、注射剤(例えば、皮下注射剤、静脈内注射剤、筋肉内注射剤、腹腔内注射剤)、点滴剤、座剤、軟膏剤、ローション剤、噴霧剤、経皮吸収剤、経粘膜吸収剤、貼付剤などの非経口剤などが挙げられる。また、使用する際に再溶解させる乾燥生成物にしてもよく、注射用製剤の場合は単位投与量アンプル又は多投与量容器の状態で提供される。 The form of the pharmaceutical product of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, tablets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, troches, granules, powders, liquids, pills, emulsions, syrups, suspending agents, and elixirs. Oral agents such as drugs, injections (for example, subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections), infusions, suppositories, ointments, lotions, sprays, transdermal absorbents. , Transmucosal absorbents, parenteral agents such as patches, and the like. It may also be a dry product that is redissolved upon use, and in the case of injectable formulations, it is provided in the form of unit dose ampoules or multidose containers.
本発明の医薬品は、経口又は非経口的に投与することができるが、好ましくは経口投与である。本発明の医薬品を経口投与する場合は、錠剤(糖衣錠を含む)、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、トローチ剤、丸剤、内用水剤、乳剤、シロップ剤、懸濁剤、エリキシル剤などに製剤化するか、使用する際に再溶解させる乾燥生成物にしてもよい。また、本発明の医薬品を非経口投与する場合は、注射剤(例えば、皮下注射剤、静脈内注射剤、筋肉内注射剤、腹腔内注射剤)、点滴剤、坐剤などに製剤化し、注射用製剤の場合は単位投与量アンプル又は多投与量容器の状態で提供される。 The pharmaceutical product of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally, but is preferably orally administered. When the drug of the present invention is orally administered, it is prepared in tablets (including sugar-coated tablets), capsules, granules, powders, troches, pills, liquid solutions for internal use, emulsions, syrups, suspensions, elixirs, etc. It may be a dry product that is syrup or redissolved upon use. In addition, when the drug of the present invention is administered parenterally, it is formulated into an injection (for example, subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection), drip infusion, suppository, etc. and injected. In the case of pharmaceutical preparations, they are provided in the form of unit dose ampoules or high dose containers.
経口投与用製剤には、例えば、デンプン、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、乳糖、ソルビトール、マンニトール、結晶セルロース、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化マグネシウム、リン酸カルシウム、又はデキストリン等の賦形剤;カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム、デンプン、又はヒドロキシプロピルセルロース等の崩壊剤又は崩壊補助剤;ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、アラビアゴム、又はゼラチン等の結合剤;ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、又はタルク等の滑沢剤;ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、白糖、ポリエチレングリコール、又は酸化チタン等のコーティング剤;ワセリン、流動パラフィン、ポリエチレングリコール、ゼラチン、カオリン、グリセリン、精製水、又はハードファット等の基剤などを用いることができるが、これらに限定はされない。 Formulations for oral administration include, for example, excipients such as starch, glucose, sucrose, fructose, lactose, sorbitol, mannitol, crystalline cellulose, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, or dextrin; carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, etc. Disintegrants or disintegrants such as starch or hydroxypropyl cellulose; binders such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum arabic, or gelatin; lubricants such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, or talc. Coating agents such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sucrose, polyethylene glycol, or titanium oxide; bases such as vaseline, liquid paraffin, polyethylene glycol, gelatin, kaolin, glycerin, purified water, or hard fat can be used. Not limited to these.
非経口投与用製剤には、蒸留水、生理食塩水、エタノール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、マクロゴール、ミョウバン水、植物油等の溶剤;ブドウ糖、塩化ナトリウム、D−マンニトール等の等張化剤;無機酸、有機酸、無機塩基又は有機塩基等のpH調節剤などを用いることができるが、これらに限定はされない。 Solvents such as distilled water, physiological saline, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, macrogol, myoban water, and vegetable oil; isotonic agents such as glucose, sodium chloride, and D-mannitol; inorganic acids , Organic acids, inorganic bases, pH adjusting agents such as organic bases, and the like can be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
また、製剤化に当たっては、本発明の神経幹細胞の分化促進剤の有効成分である生薬抽出物以外の1種以上の有効成分を併用してもよい。併用に適した有効成分としては、脳機能の改善に効果があるとされている、EPA(エイコサペンタエン酸)、DHA(ドコサヘキサエン酸)、ホスファチジルセリン、コエンザイムQ10等を挙げることができる。 In addition, one or more active ingredients other than the crude drug extract, which is the active ingredient of the neural stem cell differentiation promoter of the present invention, may be used in combination for formulation. Examples of the active ingredient suitable for concomitant use include EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), phosphatidylserine, and coenzyme Q10, which are said to be effective in improving brain function.
本発明の医薬品は、上記神経疾患の発症を抑制する予防薬として、及び/又は、正常な状態に改善する治療薬として機能する。本発明の医薬品の有効成分は、天然物由来であるため、非常に安全性が高く副作用がないため、前述の疾患の治療、改善、及び予防用医薬として用いる場合、ヒト、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、イヌ、ネコ等の哺乳動物に対して広い範囲の投与量で経口的に又は非経口的に投与することができる。 The pharmaceutical product of the present invention functions as a preventive agent for suppressing the onset of the above-mentioned neurological disease and / or as a therapeutic agent for improving a normal state. Since the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical product of the present invention is derived from a natural product, it is extremely safe and has no side effects. Therefore, when used as a therapeutic, ameliorating, or preventive drug for the above-mentioned diseases, humans, mice, rats, and rabbits , Dogs, cats and other mammals can be administered orally or parenterally in a wide range of doses.
本発明の医薬品における神経幹細胞の分化促進剤の含有量は特に限定されないが、製剤(組成物)全重量に対して、上記の生薬抽出物の乾燥物に換算して、0.001〜30重量%が好ましく、0.01〜10重量%がより好ましい。上記の量はあくまで例示であって、組成物の種類や形態、一般的な使用量、効能・効果などを考慮して適宜設定・調整すればよい。また、製剤化における有効成分の添加法については、予め加えておいても、製造途中で添加してもよく、作業性を考えて適宜選択すればよい。 The content of the neural stem cell differentiation promoting agent in the pharmaceutical product of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is 0.001 to 30 weight by weight in terms of the dried product of the above crude drug extract with respect to the total weight of the preparation (composition). % Is preferable, and 0.01 to 10% by weight is more preferable. The above amounts are merely examples, and may be appropriately set and adjusted in consideration of the type and form of the composition, the general amount used, the efficacy / effect, and the like. Further, the method of adding the active ingredient in the formulation may be added in advance or may be added during the production, and may be appropriately selected in consideration of workability.
本発明の医薬品の投与量は、疾患の種類、投与対象の年齢、性別、体重、症状の程度などに応じて適宜決定することができる。例えば、成人に経口投与する場合には、一日の投与量は、生薬抽出物として0.1〜1000mg、好ましくは1〜500mg、より好ましくは5〜300mgである。 The dose of the drug of the present invention can be appropriately determined according to the type of disease, the age, sex, body weight, degree of symptoms, and the like of the administration target. For example, when orally administered to an adult, the daily dose is 0.1 to 1000 mg, preferably 1 to 500 mg, and more preferably 5 to 300 mg as a crude drug extract.
また、本発明の神経幹細胞の分化促進剤は、飲食品にも配合できる。本発明において、飲食品とは、一般的な飲食品のほか、医薬品以外で健康の維持や増進を目的として摂取できる食品、例えば、健康食品、機能性食品、保健機能食品、又は特別用途食品を含む意味で用いられる。健康食品には、栄養補助食品、健康補助食品、サプリメント等の名称で提供される食品を含む。保健機能食品は食品衛生法又は食品増進法により定義され、特定の保健の効果や栄養成分の機能、疾病リスクの低減などを表示できる、特定保健用食品及び栄養機能食品、ならびに科学的根拠に基づいた機能性について消費者庁長官に届け出た内容を表示できる機能性表示食品が含まれる。また特別用途食品には、特定の対象者や特定の疾患を有する患者に適する旨を表示する病者用食品、高齢者用食品、乳児用食品、妊産婦用食品等が含まれる。本発明の神経幹細胞の分化促進剤は、特に高齢者のもの忘れや認知機能の低下の改善及び予防のために長期にわたって服用が必要となる場合に、日常的に継続して摂取できる点で上記の健康食品等に好適に用いることができる。ここで、飲食品に付される特定の保健の効果や栄養成分の機能等の表示は、製品の容器、包装、説明書、添付文書などの表示物、製品のチラシやパンフレット、新聞や雑誌等の製品の広告などにすることができる。 In addition, the neural stem cell differentiation promoter of the present invention can also be added to foods and drinks. In the present invention, the food and drink are not only general foods and drinks but also foods other than pharmaceuticals that can be ingested for the purpose of maintaining or improving health, such as health foods, functional foods, health functional foods, or special purpose foods. It is used in the meaning of including. Health foods include foods provided under the names of dietary supplements, dietary supplements, supplements and the like. Health functional foods are defined by the Food Hygiene Law or the Food Promotion Law, and are based on specified health foods and nutritionally functional foods that can display specific health effects, functions of nutritional components, reduction of disease risk, etc., and scientific evidence. Includes foods with functional claims that can display the contents notified to the Commissioner of the Consumer Affairs Agency. In addition, special-purpose foods include foods for the sick, foods for the elderly, foods for babies, foods for pregnant women, etc. that indicate that they are suitable for a specific target person or a patient having a specific disease. The above-mentioned point that the neural stem cell differentiation promoter of the present invention can be continuously taken on a daily basis, especially when it is necessary to take it for a long period of time for the purpose of improving and preventing forgetfulness and cognitive decline in the elderly. It can be suitably used for health foods and the like. Here, indications such as specific health effects and functions of nutritional components attached to food and drink are displayed on product containers, packaging, manuals, package inserts, etc., product leaflets and pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, etc. It can be used as an advertisement for a product of.
さらに、本発明の飲食品をヒト以外の哺乳動物を対象として使用する場合には、ペットフード、飼料を含む意味で用いることができる。 Further, when the food or drink of the present invention is used for mammals other than humans, it can be used in the sense of including pet food and feed.
飲食品の形態は、食用に適した形態、例えば、固形状、液状、顆粒状、粒状、粉末状、カプセル状、クリーム状、ペースト状のいずれであってもよい。特に、上記の健康食品等の場合の形状としては、例えば、タブレット状、丸状、カプセル状、粉末状、顆粒状、細粒状、トローチ状、液状(シロップ状、乳状、懸濁状を含む)等が好ましい。 The form of the food or drink may be any of edible forms such as solid, liquid, granular, granular, powdery, capsule-like, cream-like, and paste-like. In particular, in the case of the above-mentioned health foods, for example, tablets, rounds, capsules, powders, granules, fine granules, troches, and liquids (including syrup, milky, and suspension) Etc. are preferable.
飲食品の種類としては、パン類、麺類、菓子類、乳製品、水産・畜産加工食品、油脂及び油脂加工食品、調味料、各種飲料(清涼飲料、炭酸飲料、美容ドリンク、栄養飲料、果実飲料、乳飲料など)及び該飲料の濃縮原液及び調整用粉末等が挙げられるが、これらに限定はされない。 The types of foods and drinks include breads, noodles, confectionery, dairy products, processed marine and livestock foods, fats and oils, processed fats and oils, seasonings, and various beverages (soft drinks, carbonated drinks, beauty drinks, nutritional drinks, fruit drinks). , Milk beverages, etc.), concentrated stock solutions of the beverages, preparation powders, etc., but are not limited thereto.
本発明の飲食品は、その種類に応じて通常使用される添加物を適宜配合してもよい。添加物としては、食品衛生法上許容されうる添加物であればいずれも使用できるが、例えば、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、異性化液糖、アスパルテーム、ステビア等の甘味料;クエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸等の酸味料;デキストリン、デンプン等の賦形剤;結合剤、希釈剤、香料、着色料、緩衝剤、増粘剤、ゲル化剤、安定剤、保存剤、乳化剤、分散剤、懸濁化剤、防腐剤などが挙げられる。 The food and drink of the present invention may appropriately contain additives that are usually used depending on the type of food and drink. As the additive, any additive that is acceptable under the Food Sanitation Law can be used, and for example, sweeteners such as starch, sucrose, fructose, isomerized liquid sugar, aspartame, and stevia; citric acid and malic acid. , Acidulants such as citric acid; Excipients such as dextrin and starch; Binding agents, diluents, fragrances, coloring agents, buffers, thickeners, gelling agents, stabilizers, preservatives, emulsifiers, dispersants, suspensions Examples include turbidants and preservatives.
本発明の飲食品が一般的な飲食品の場合は、その飲食品の通常の製造工程において生薬抽出物を添加する工程を含めることによって製造することができる。また健康食品の場合は、前記の医薬品の製造方法に準じればよく、例えば、タブレット状のサプリメントでは、生薬抽出物に、賦形剤等の添加物を添加、混合し、打錠機等で圧力をかけて成形することにより製造することができる。カプセル状のサプリメントでは、生薬抽出物を含有する液状、懸濁状、ペースト状、粉末状、又は顆粒状の食品組成物をカプセルに充填するか、又はカプセル基剤で被包成形して製造することができる。また、必要に応じてその他の材料(例えば、鉄、カリウム等のミネラル類、ビタミンC、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB6、ビオチン、葉酸等のビタミン類、食物繊維等)を添加することもできる。 When the food or drink of the present invention is a general food or drink, it can be produced by including a step of adding a crude drug extract in a normal manufacturing process of the food or drink. In the case of health foods, the above-mentioned method for manufacturing pharmaceuticals may be followed. For example, in the case of tablet-shaped supplements, additives such as excipients are added to and mixed with the crude drug extract, and a tableting machine or the like is used. It can be manufactured by molding under pressure. Capsular supplements are produced by filling capsules with liquid, suspension, paste, powder, or granular food compositions containing herbal extracts, or by encapsulating with a capsule base. be able to. In addition, other materials (for example, minerals such as iron and potassium, vitamin C, vitamin B 2 , vitamin B 6 , vitamins such as biotin and folic acid, dietary fiber and the like) can be added as needed.
本発明の飲食品における生薬抽出物の配合量は、神経幹細胞の分化促進作用が発揮できる量であればよいが、対象飲食品の一般的な摂取量、飲食品の形態、効能・効果、呈味性、嗜好性及びコストなどを考慮して適宜設定すればよい。 The blending amount of the crude drug extract in the food or drink of the present invention may be an amount capable of exerting the differentiation promoting action of neural stem cells, but the general intake amount of the target food or drink, the form of the food or drink, the efficacy / effect, and the presentation It may be set appropriately in consideration of taste, taste, cost and the like.
本発明の飲食品の摂取量は、前述の疾患又は病態の予防や改善を目的として摂取する場合、摂取させる対象の状態、摂取形態、摂食量等により異なるが、生薬抽出物として、成人1日につき、0.1〜1000mg、好ましくは1〜500mg、より好ましくは5〜300mgである。前記の量は1回で摂取させてもよいが、数回(2〜4回)に分けて摂取してもよい。本発明の飲食品は、摂取量の目安とするため1回に摂取するべき量の飲食品が、1個の袋やビン等の容器に包装又は充填されていることが好ましい。 When the food and drink of the present invention is ingested for the purpose of preventing or ameliorating the above-mentioned diseases or pathological conditions, it varies depending on the condition of the subject to be ingested, the form of ingestion, the amount of food intake, etc., but as a crude drug extract, one day for an adult It is 0.1 to 1000 mg, preferably 1 to 500 mg, and more preferably 5 to 300 mg. The above amount may be ingested once, or may be ingested in several times (2 to 4 times). In the food and drink of the present invention, it is preferable that the amount of food and drink to be ingested at one time is packaged or filled in a container such as a bag or a bottle in order to use it as a guideline for the amount of intake.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。但し、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
[実施例1]
(製造例1)マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物
内容積5Lの抽出槽にマンネンタケの胞子1kgを仕込み、これに超臨界二酸化炭素(温度60℃、圧力25MPa、二酸化炭素供給量15m3)を約4.5時間供給し、抽出槽に接続した分離槽(温度40℃、圧力4MPa)に導いて炭酸ガスと抽出物を分離し、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物を15.9g得た。
[Example 1]
(Production Example 1) Supercritical Extract of Mannentake Spores 1 kg of Mannentake spores is placed in an extraction tank with an internal volume of 5 L, and supercritical carbon dioxide (temperature 60 ° C., pressure 25 MPa, carbon dioxide supply 15 m 3 ) is added to this. It was supplied for .5 hours and led to a separation tank (temperature 40 ° C., pressure 4 MPa) connected to the extraction tank to separate carbon dioxide and the extract, and 15.9 g of a supercritical extract of Mannentake spores was obtained.
(製造例2)キキョウの熱水抽出物の製造
キキョウの根の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してキキョウの熱水抽出物を5.1g得た。
(Production Example 2) Production of hot water extract of Japanese bellflower Add 800 mL of purified water to 100 g of dried Japanese bellflower root, extract at 95-100 ° C. for 2 hours, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and freeze-dry. 5.1 g of hot water extract of Platycodon grandiflorum was obtained.
(製造例3)サンザシの熱水抽出物の製造
サンザシの偽果の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してサンザシの熱水抽出物を2.6g得た。
(Production Example 3) Production of hot water extract of hawthorn 800 mL of purified water is added to 100 g of dried hawthorn fruit, extracted at 95-100 ° C. for 2 hours, filtered, the filtrate is concentrated, and freeze-dried. Then, 2.6 g of a hot water extract of hawthorn was obtained.
(製造例4)オオバコの熱水抽出物の製造
オオバコの全草(シャゼンソウ)の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してオオバコの熱水抽出物を5.5g得た。
(Production Example 4) Production of hot water extract of plantain Add 800 mL of purified water to 100 g of dried plantain plant (Plantago asiatica), extract at 95-100 ° C. for 2 hours, filter, and concentrate the filtrate. , Freeze-dried to obtain 5.5 g of hot water extract of plantain.
(製造例5)カンゾウの熱水抽出物の製造
カンゾウの根の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してカンゾウの熱水抽出物を5.1g得た。
(Production Example 5) Production of hot water extract of kanzo Add 800 mL of purified water to 100 g of dried kanzo root, extract at 95-100 ° C for 2 hours, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and freeze-dry. 5.1 g of hot water extract of Kanzo was obtained.
(製造例6)チンピの熱水抽出物の製造
ウンシュウミカンの果皮(チンピ)の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してチンピの熱水抽出物を6.1g得た。
(Production Example 6) Production of hot water extract of chinpi 800 mL of purified water was added to 100 g of dried chenpi peel (chinpi), extracted at 95 to 100 ° C. for 2 hours, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. , Freeze-dried to obtain 6.1 g of hot water extract of chinpi.
(製造例7)ショウキョウの熱水抽出物の製造
ショウガの根茎(ショウキョウ)の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してショウキョウの熱水抽出物を3.7g得た。
(Production Example 7) Production of hot water extract of Zingiber officin 800 mL of purified water is added to 100 g of dried rhizome of Zingiber officin (Zingiber officin), extracted at 95 to 100 ° C. for 2 hours, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated. Then, it was freeze-dried to obtain 3.7 g of a hot water extract of Zingiber officin.
(製造例8)ケイヒの熱水抽出物の製造
ニッケイの樹皮(ケイヒ)の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してケイヒの熱水抽出物を2.1g得た。
(Production Example 8) Production of hot water extract of Chinese cinnamon 800 mL of purified water is added to 100 g of dried cinnamon bark (Cinnamon bark), extracted at 95-100 ° C. for 2 hours, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated. Freeze-drying gave 2.1 g of a hot water extract of cinnamon cinnamon.
(製造例9)ニンジンの熱水抽出物の製造
オタネニンジンの根(ニンジン)の乾燥物100gに精製水800mLを加え、95〜100℃で2時間抽出した後、濾過し、その濾液を濃縮し、凍結乾燥してニンジンの熱水抽出物を6.7g得た。
(Production Example 9) Production of hot water extract of carrot 800 mL of purified water is added to 100 g of dried ginseng root (carrot), extracted at 95 to 100 ° C. for 2 hours, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated. It was lyophilized to give 6.7 g of a hot water extract of carrots.
[実施例2]
神経幹細胞の分化促進効果の評価
実施例1で製造した抽出物(製造例1〜9)、及び当該抽出物の混合物(製造例10〜18)の神経幹細胞に対する分化促進効果の評価実験を次のとおり行った。
[Example 2]
Evaluation of Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Promoting Effect The following experiments are conducted to evaluate the differentiation promoting effect of the extract produced in Example 1 (Production Examples 1 to 9) and the mixture of the extracts (Production Examples 10 to 18) on neural stem cells. I went as it was.
神経幹細胞として、MEB5細胞(JCRB細胞バンク)を用いた。Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-high glucose(5μg/mL insulin, 10ng/mL EGF, 50μg/mL holo-transferrin, 10ng/mL biotin, 30nM Na-selenite)培地(Sigma社製)で維持した上記神経幹細胞を、細胞数が1×105個となるように12ウェルプレート(Falcon社製)に播種した。次に、上記培地を分化培地であるDulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-high glucose(5μg/mL insulin, 50μg/mL holo-transferrin, 10ng/mL biotin, 30nM Na-selenite)培地(Sigma社製)に置き換え、被験物質(製造例1〜18の各抽出物)を最終濃度が100μg/mLとなるように添加し、72時間培養した。抽出物の混合物の場合は各抽出物の比率が同じになるように添加し、抽出物の総和が上記の濃度となるようにした。 MEB5 cells (JCRB cell bank) were used as neural stem cells. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-high glucose (5 μg / mL insulin, 10 ng / mL EGF, 50 μg / mL holo-transferrin, 10 ng / mL biotin, 30nM Na-selenite) The above neural stem cells maintained in medium (manufactured by Sigma) were used as cells. The seeds were sown on a 12-well plate (manufactured by Falcon) so that the number was 1 × 10 5 . Next, the above medium was replaced with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-high glucose (5 μg / mL insulin, 50 μg / mL holo-transferrin, 10 ng / mL biotin, 30 nM Na-selenite) medium (manufactured by Sigma), which is a differentiation medium, and tested. Substances (each extract of Production Examples 1 to 18) were added to a final concentration of 100 μg / mL, and the medium was cultured for 72 hours. In the case of a mixture of extracts, they were added so that the ratio of each extract was the same so that the total concentration of the extracts had the above concentration.
培養72時間後に細胞を回収し、PBS(-)にて2回洗浄し、Trizol Reagent(Invitrogen社製)によって細胞からRNAを抽出した。2-STEPリアルタイムPCRキット(Applied Biosystems社製)を用いて、抽出したRNAをcDNAに逆転写した後、ABI7300(Applied Biosystems社製)により、下記のプライマーセットを用いてリアルタイムPCR(95℃:15秒間、60℃:30秒間、40cycles)を実施し、成熟神経マーカーであるMap2(Microtubule-Associated Protein-2)、未熟神経マーカーであるTuj1 (Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin)の遺伝子発現を確認した。その他の操作は定められた方法に従って実施した。 After 72 hours of culturing, the cells were collected, washed twice with PBS (-), and RNA was extracted from the cells by Trizol Reagent (manufactured by Invitrogen). After reverse transcribing the extracted RNA to cDNA using a 2-STEP real-time PCR kit (manufactured by Applied Biosystems), real-time PCR (95 ° C: 15) using the following primer set using ABI7300 (manufactured by Applied Biosystems). Perform gene expression of Map2 (Microtubule-Associated Protein-2), which is a mature neuron marker, and Tuj1 (Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin), which is an immature neuron marker, by performing 40 cycles) at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds. did. Other operations were performed according to the prescribed method.
(Map2用プライマーセット)
5'-ACTCAGCAACGTCTCATCTT-3' (配列番号1)
5'-GTATTCACAAGCCCTGCTTA-3' (配列番号2)
(Tuj1用プライマーセット)
5'-CTCAAAATGTCATCCACCTT-3' (配列番号3)
5'-GTGAACTCCATCTCATCCAT-3' (配列番号4)
(18srRNA(内部標準)用プライマーセット)
5'-CCGAGCCGCCTGGATAC-3' (配列番号5)
5'-CAGTTCCGAAAACCAACAAAATAGA-3'(配列番号6)
(Primer set for Map2)
5'-ACTCAGCAACGTCTCATCTT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 1)
5'-GTATTCACAAGCCCTCTGCTTA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2)
(Primer set for Tuj1)
5'-CTCAAAATGTCATCCACCTT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3)
5'-GTGAACTCCATCTCATCCAT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 4)
(Primer set for 18s rRNA (internal standard))
5'-CCGAGCCGCCTGGATAC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 5)
5'-CAGTTCCGAAAACCAACAAAATAGA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6)
神経幹細胞の分化促進効果は、抽出物を添加していない細胞におけるMap2、Tuj1のmRNAの発現量を内部標準である18s ribosomal RNA(18srRNA)の発現量に対する割合として算出したMap2、Tuj1遺伝子相対発現量(Map2、Tuj1遺伝子発現量/18srRNA遺伝子発現量)の値を1とし、これに対し、抽出物を添加して培養した細胞におけるMap2、Tuj1の遺伝子相対発現量の値を算出し、評価した。これらの試験結果を以下の表1に示す。 The effect of promoting differentiation of nerve stem cells is based on the relative expression of Map2 and Tuj1 genes calculated as the ratio of the expression level of mRNA of Map2 and Tuj1 to the expression level of 18s ribosomal RNA (18srRNA), which is the internal standard, in cells to which no extract was added. The value of the amount (Map2, Tuj1 gene expression level / 18srRNA gene expression level) was set to 1, and the value of the gene relative expression level of Map2 and Tuj1 in the cells cultured with the addition of the extract was calculated and evaluated. .. The results of these tests are shown in Table 1 below.
表1に示すように、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物、キキョウの抽出物、サンザシの抽出物、オオバコの抽出物、カンゾウの抽出物、チンピの抽出物、ショウキョウの抽出物、ケイヒの抽出物、及びニンジンの抽出物に、いずれも優れた神経幹細胞の分化促進効果が認められた(製造例1〜9)。また、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物と他の生薬の抽出物との併用では、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物(製造例1)とキキョウの抽出物(製造例2)の混合物(製造例10)、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物(製造例1)とサンザシの抽出物(製造例3)の混合物(製造例11)、マンネンタケ胞子の超臨界抽出物(製造例1)とキキョウの抽出物(製造例2)とサンザシの抽出物(製造例3)の混合物(製造例18)に、神経幹細胞の分化促進効果について顕著な相乗効果が認められた。 As shown in Table 1, supercritical extract of Mannentake spores, extract of Kikyo, extract of Sanzashi, extract of Obako, extract of Kanzo, extract of chimpi, extract of Shokyo, extract of Keihi , And the carrot extract were all found to have an excellent effect of promoting the differentiation of nerve stem cells (Production Examples 1 to 9). In addition, when the supercritical extract of Mannentake spores is used in combination with the extract of other crude drugs, a mixture of the supercritical extract of Mannentake spores (Production Example 1) and the extract of Kikyo (Production Example 2) (Production Example 10) , A mixture of a supercritical extract of Mannentake spores (Production Example 1) and an extract of Sanzashi (Production Example 3) (Production Example 11), a supercritical extract of Mannentake spores (Production Example 1) and an extract of Kyoko (Production Example 1). A remarkable synergistic effect on the differentiation promoting effect of nerve stem cells was observed in the mixture (Production Example 18) of Example 2) and the extract of Sanzashi (Production Example 3).
本発明の神経幹細胞の神経細胞への分化促進剤は、生体内で又は生体外で、神経幹細胞を効率的に神経細胞に分化誘導させることができる。よって、本発明は、神経幹細胞の機能低下や不全に関連する神経系疾患や病態を治療、改善、及び予防するための医薬品やサプリメントなどの製造分野、移植材料の製造分野において利用できる。 The agent for promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells of the present invention can efficiently induce the differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells in vivo or in vitro. Therefore, the present invention can be used in the fields of manufacturing pharmaceuticals and supplements for treating, improving, and preventing nervous system diseases and pathological conditions related to neural stem cell dysfunction and dysfunction, and in the field of manufacturing transplant materials.
Claims (6)
A composition for promoting differentiation of neural stem cells into nerve cells, which comprises the agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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