JP2020164261A - crane - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a crane configured so that detachment and storage of a hook can be executed while avoiding irregular winding and damage of a wire and the like, without requiring a skilled operator.SOLUTION: A crane 10 comprises: a running body 11; a boom 32 mounted on the running body 11 to be turnable, undulatable and extendable through a revolving frame 31; a winch 39 having a suspension hook 40 at a tip thereof, which comprises a wire 42 that is wound around or delivered from a drum 41 provided in the revolving frame 31 while being wound around a wire sheave 43 at a tip part of the boom 32; a cord reel 70 having a casing 71 and a cord 72, which elastically reels the cord 72 into the casing 71 by predetermined reeling force; and an engagement tool 80, provided at a tip of the cord 72 derived from the casing 71, with which the suspension hook 40 engages.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to the structure of a crane having a hanging hook (hereinafter simply referred to as a "hook") that engages a suspended load.

Generally, a crane is provided with a winch that winds or unwinds a wire, the wire is hung around the tip of a boom, and a hook is provided at the tip of the wire. The hook is stored when not working (for example, when the crane is running). For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, the hook is hooked on a storage locking device provided on a traveling body of a crane, and is held and stored by a tension generated by winding a wire by a winch. ..

When the crane operation is started, the hook needs to be removed from the containment locking device. At this time, the wire is drawn out from the winch while the boom is raised. With the boom upright, the hook is removed from the retractable locking device. On the other hand, at the end of the work, the hook needs to be stored in the storage locking device. At this time, after the hook is hooked on the storage locking device, the wire is wound around the winch while the boom is laid down.

Jitsuzensho 55-132093

In crane work, the boom and winch are generally operated by one operator. Therefore, when the hook removal work or the storage work for the storage locking device is executed by the procedure as described above, the operator executes the undulating operation of the boom and the wire feeding or winding operation in parallel. There must be. At this time, if the amount of wire drawn out is larger than that of the boom standing up, or if the amount of wire wound is smaller than that of the boom tilting, the wire may be loosened and so-called random winding may occur. is there. In addition, when the amount of wire drawn out is small compared to the standing of the boom, or when the amount of wire wound is large compared to the tilting of the boom, excessive tension is generated in the wire, and the storage locking device, hook, etc. , The wire may be damaged. In order to avoid such inconvenience, the operator has conventionally been required to be skilled.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to remove and retract a hook without requiring skillful operation and avoiding damage such as random winding and wires. Is to provide a crane that can.

(1) The crane according to the present invention has a traveling body, a boom mounted on the traveling body so as to be able to rotate, undulate and expand / contract via a swivel frame, and a hanging hook at the tip, and the tip of the boom. A winch with a wire that is wound or unwound on a drum while being wound around a cord, and a cord reel that has a casing and a cord and elastically winds the cord into the casing with a predetermined winding force. Provided with an engaging tool provided at the tip of the cord derived from the casing and engaged with the hanging hook.

When the winch winds the wire while the hanging hook is engaged with the engaging tool, the cord is unwound from the cord reel against the winding force. Further, in this state, when the winch unwinds the wire, the cord is wound around the cord reel by the winding force.

Therefore, regardless of whether or not the undulation of the boom is executed, the tension generated in the wire can be kept within a certain range by executing the wire feeding and winding. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of random winding of the wire and damage to the engaging tool, the hanging hook, and the wire. In addition, when removing or retracting the hanging hook, it is not necessary to carry out wire feeding and winding in parallel with the undulation of the boom, and after executing the boom undulating operation, wire feeding and winding operation is executed. can do. Therefore, no skillful operation is required for removing and storing the hanging hook.

In addition, when the hanging hook is removed or retracted, the tension generated in the wire is maintained within a certain range even when the wire is unwound or wound in parallel with the undulating operation of the boom. No skilled operation is required to remove or store the hanging hook.

(2) The cord reel is provided with a withdrawal regulation mechanism for restricting the withdrawal of the cord from the casing.

The hanging hook is engaged with the engaging tool during non-working such as running. At this time, if the cord reel rotates, the hanging hook may come off from the engaging tool. In this configuration, the withdrawal regulating mechanism regulates the withdrawal of the cord from the casing, thereby reducing the possibility that the hanging hook will come off the engaging tool.

(3) The cord reel is provided with a winding regulation mechanism that regulates the winding of the cord to the casing.

If the cord is completely wound on the cord reel, the tension required in the first step of unwinding the cord from the cord reel will increase. According to this configuration, by restricting the cord from being completely wound around the cord reel by the take-up regulation mechanism, it is possible to prevent the tension required at the initial stage of unwinding the cord from the cord reel from becoming large.

(4) A mark is provided at a predetermined position of the above code.

When the hanging hook is stored, the wire from the tip of the boom to the hanging hook needs to have a predetermined length (predetermined length). According to this configuration, when the cord is unwound or wound from the cord reel, the cord reel is stopped at the timing when the mark of the cord is confirmed, so that the wire from the tip of the boom to the hanging hook can be connected. The length can be easily set to a predetermined length.

According to the present invention, it is possible to remove and retract the hanging hook without requiring a skillful operation and avoiding random winding and damage to the wire and the like.

FIG. 1 is a left side view of the crane 10 when the boom 32 is in the inverted position. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cord reel 70. FIG. 3 is a left side view of the crane 10 when the boom 32 is between the inverted position and the upright position. FIG. 4 is a left side view of the crane 10 when the boom 32 is in the upright position. FIG. 5 is a left side view of the crane 10 when the boom 32 is in the upright position. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cord reel 70 provided with the regulation mechanism 76. FIG. 7 is a plan view of a crane 10 provided with two cord reels 70 and two engaging tools 80.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. Needless to say, the present embodiment is only one aspect of the present invention, and the embodiments may be changed without changing the gist of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the crane 10 includes a traveling body 11, a boom device 12, a cabin 13, a winch 39, a cord reel 70, and an engaging tool 80.

Hereinafter, the direction along the traveling direction of the crane 10 will be described as the front-rear direction, and the width direction of the crane 10 will be described as the left-right direction.

The traveling body 11 includes a vehicle body 20 and wheels 21. The vehicle body 20 rotatably supports an axle (not shown). The axles are located at the front and rear of the vehicle body 20. Wheels 21 are held at both ends of the axle. The axles and wheels 21 are rotationally driven by an engine (not shown). As a result, the traveling body 11 travels.

The boom device 12 includes a swivel frame 31 and a boom 32. The swivel frame 31 is rotatably supported around a swivel shaft extending in the vertical direction by the vehicle body 20. The swivel frame 31 is swiveled by a swivel motor (not shown). The boom 32 is supported by the swivel frame 31. The boom 32 can be swiveled integrally with the swivel frame 31.

The boom 32 has a telescopic structure and is expanded and contracted by a telescopic cylinder (not shown). Further, the boom 32 is undulated around the shaft 30 extending in the left-right direction due to the expansion and contraction of the undulating cylinder 36. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the boom 32 is in the inverted position, and FIGS. 4 and 5 show a state in which the boom 32 is in the upright position.

The cabin 13 is mounted on the swivel frame 31. The cabin 13 has a seat on which the operator sits, a driving device used for driving the traveling body 11, and a steering device used for maneuvering the boom device 12. That is, the crane 10 is a so-called rough terrain crane, in which the traveling body 11 is operated and the boom device 12 is operated in one cabin 13. However, the crane 10 may be an all-terrain crane having two cabins, one having a driving device and the other having a steering device. The driving device includes a steering wheel for steering the axle, an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, a shift lever, and the like. The operator uses the driving device to drive the traveling body 11. The control device includes a swivel motor, a telescopic cylinder, an undulating cylinder 36, a plurality of levers for driving a winch motor (not shown), and the like. The operator operates the boom device 12 by using the control device.

The winch 39 has a rotatable drum 41 around which a wire 42 is wound and a hanging hook 40 connected to the wire 42.

The drum 41 is rotatably supported by the swivel frame 31. The drum 41 may be supported by, for example, a boom 32 other than the swivel frame 31. The drum 41 is rotated by a winch motor (not shown). The rotating drum 41 unwinds the wire 42 or winds the wire 42. The wire 42 is laid from the drum 41 along the boom 32, and is wound around a wire sheave 43 provided at the tip of the boom 32 and hangs down.

The hanging hook 40 is connected to the tip of the wire 42. The hanging hook 40 is hung from the tip of the boom 32 by a wire 42. The hanging hook 40 moves up and down as the drum 41 rotates.

The cord reel 70 is supported by the swivel frame 31. The cord reel 70 may be supported by, for example, a vehicle body 20 or a boom 32 other than the swivel frame 31.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cord reel 70 includes a casing 71 and a cord 72.

The casing 71 is supported by the swivel frame 31. The casing 71 has a substantially cylindrical shape having an internal space. The casing 71 includes a rotatable drum 73 and a spiral spring 74 in its internal space.

As the drum 73 rotates, the cord 72 is pulled out or the cord 72 is wound up. The cord 72 extends to the outside of the casing 71 through an opening 75 formed in the casing 71.

The spiral spring 74 is attached to the drum 73. When the cord 72 rotates while the cord 72 is unwound from the drum 73, the spiral spring 74 is wound. As a result, the restoring force that the wound spiral spring 74 tries to return to the original state becomes the winding force that winds the cord 72 with respect to the drum 73. That is, the cord reel 70 elastically winds the cord 72 into the casing 71 with a predetermined winding force.

The cord reel 70 is not limited to the above configuration as long as the cord 72 is elastically wound into the casing 71 with a predetermined winding force, and various known configurations can be adopted. Is.

The engaging tool 80 is connected to the tip of the cord 72. As shown in FIG. 3, the engaging tool 80 is annular. As shown in FIG. 1, the hanging hook 40 can engage with the engaging tool 80. The engaging tool 80 may have a shape other than an annular shape, for example, a C-shape, as long as the hanging hook 40 can be engaged.

Hereinafter, a procedure in which the hanging hook 40 is disengaged from the engaging tool 80 when the crane 10 shifts from the traveling state to the working state will be described.

When the crane 10 is in the traveling state, the boom 32 is in the laid-down position, and the hanging hook 40 is engaged with the engaging tool 80. Before the hanging hook 40 is disengaged from the engaging tool 80, the outrigger 22 is projected and the crane 10 is installed horizontally, which is in the state shown in FIG.

After the outrigger 22 overhangs, the undulating cylinder 36 is extended. As a result, the boom 32 starts to stand in the direction of the arrow 91, passes through the state shown in FIG. 3, and is positioned in the standing position as shown in FIG. At this time, the winch motor is not driven. Therefore, the length of the wire 42 is constant when the state transitions from the state of FIG. 1 through the state of FIG. 3 to the state of FIG. On the other hand, the standing of the boom 32 increases the linear distance between the tip of the boom 32 (the position of the wire sheave 43) and the cord reel 70. Then, in the state transition, the cord 72 is pulled out from the drum 73 of the cord reel 70 by the amount that the linear distance becomes longer. At this time, the spiral spring 74 is wound to generate a winding force for winding the cord 72, but since the winch 39 pulls out the cord 72 via the wire 42, the cord 72 is wound around the drum 73. There is no.

As shown in FIG. 4, the boom 32 is stopped at a position where the wire 42 and the cord 72 extend substantially along the vertical direction. At this time, the boom 32 is in the upright position.

Next, the winch motor is driven and the wire 42 is unwound from the drum 41. As a result, the hanging hook 40 moves downward. The cord 72 is wound around the drum 73 by the above-mentioned winding force in accordance with the feeding of the wire 42 from the drum 41.

As shown in FIG. 5, the operator disengages the hanging hook 40 from the engaging tool 80 in a state where the hanging hook 40 is hung near the casing 71 of the cord reel 70. As a result, the crane 10 is in a working state.

Hereinafter, a procedure in which the hanging hook 40 is engaged with the engaging tool 80 and stored in the crane 10 when the crane 10 shifts from the working state to the traveling state will be described.

When the crane 10 is in the working state, the hanging hook 40 is disengaged from the engaging tool 80. In the procedure for transitioning the crane 10 from the working state to the traveling state, the hanging hook 40 is first attached to the engaging tool 80. At this time, the boom 32 is contracted to the minimum length, and the hanging hook 40 is moved to the vicinity of the engaging tool 80 by the turning and undulating of the boom 32 and the feeding of the wire 42 with respect to the winch 39.

After the hanging hook 40 is attached to the engaging tool 80, the undulating cylinder 36 is extended to erect the boom 32 (see, for example, FIG. 5). At this time, the position of the hanging hook 40 is not limited to the height shown in FIG. 5 because it differs depending on the length of the wire 42.

Next, the winch motor is driven and the wire 42 is wound around the drum 41. At this time, since the winch 39 pulls the cord 72 through the wire 42, the cord 72 is pulled out from the drum 73.

The winding of the drum 41 by the wire 42 is executed until the length L1 of the wire 42 from the tip of the boom 32 (the position of the wire sheave 43) to the hanging hook 40 becomes a predetermined length. Here, the predetermined length is the length of the wire 42 from the tip of the boom 32 to the hanging hook 40 when the crane 10 is in the traveling state. That is, it is the length of the wire 42 from the tip of the boom 32 to the hanging hook 40 in the state shown in FIG.

When the wire 42 and the cord 72 extend in the vertical direction and the length L1 is a predetermined length, that is, in the state shown in FIG. 4, the cord 72 is in a predetermined position (in the present embodiment, near the drum 41). A mark 44 is attached to the portion). In the present embodiment, the mark 44 is a portion having a color different from the portion other than the predetermined position of the code 72. The predetermined position may be other than the portion near the drum 41. For example, it may be an intermediate position between the engaging tool 80 and the drum 73 in the state shown in FIG. Further, the mark 44 is not limited to the one identified by the color, and may be, for example, a mark or a character attached to a predetermined position.

By confirming that the mark 44 is in the predetermined position, the operator can stop the drive of the winch motor in a state where the length L1 of the wire 42 from the tip of the boom 32 to the hanging hook 40 is the predetermined length. It will be easy.

Next, the undulating cylinder 36 is contracted. As a result, the boom 32 begins to lie down in the direction of arrow 92 (see FIG. 4), passes through the state shown in FIG. 3, and falls down as shown in FIG. At this time, the winch motor is not driven. Therefore, when the state transitions from the state of FIG. 4 to the state of FIG. 1 through the state of FIG. 3, the length of the wire 42 from the tip of the boom 32 to the hanging hook 40 is constant. On the other hand, the lodging of the boom 32 shortens the linear distance between the tip of the boom 32 and the cord reel 70. Then, in the state transition, the cord 72 is wound around the drum 73 of the cord reel 70 by the winding force generated by the restoring force of the spiral spring 74 as the linear distance becomes shorter.

As shown in FIG. 1, the boom 32 is stopped at a position where the boom 32 is laid down substantially horizontally. After that, the outriggers 22 are stored. As a result, the crane 10 is in a traveling state.

[Action and effect of the embodiment]

When the winch 39 winds up the wire 42 with the hanging hook 40 engaged with the engaging tool 80, the cord 72 is unwound from the cord reel 70 against the winding force. Further, in this state, when the winch 39 unwinds the wire 42, the cord 72 is wound around the cord reel 70 by the winding force.

Therefore, regardless of whether the undulation of the boom 32 is executed or not, the tension generated in the wire 42 can be kept within a certain range by executing the feeding and winding of the wire 42. Therefore, the possibility of random winding of the wire 42 and damage to the engaging tool 80, the hanging hook 40, and the wire 42 can be reduced. Further, when the hanging hook 40 is removed or retracted, it is not necessary to extend or wind the wire 42 in parallel with the undulation of the boom 32, and after the undulating operation of the boom 32 is executed, the wire 42 is extended or retracted. The take-up operation can be performed. Therefore, no skillful operation is required for removing and storing the hanging hook 40.

Further, even when the wire 42 is unwound or wound in parallel with the undulating operation of the boom 32 when the hanging hook 40 is removed or retracted, the tension generated in the wire 42 is kept within a certain range. Since it hangs down, no skillful operation is required for removing and storing the hanging hook 40.

Further, when the hanging hook 40 is stored, the wire 42 from the tip of the boom 32 to the hanging hook 40 needs to have a predetermined length (predetermined length). According to the present embodiment, when the cord 72 is unwound or wound from the cord reel 70, the cord reel 70 is stopped at the timing when the mark 44 of the cord 72 is confirmed, whereby the cord 72 is stopped from the tip of the boom 32. The length of the wire 42 up to the hanging hook 40 can be easily set to a predetermined length.

[Modification example]

As shown in FIG. 6, the cord reel 70 may include a regulating mechanism 76. The regulation mechanism 76 is a rotating member rotatably supported by the casing 71. The regulation mechanism 76 can rotate to the open position shown by the solid line in FIG. 6 and the regulation position shown by the broken line in FIG. When the regulating mechanism 76 is in the open position, the opening 75 is open. At this time, the regulation mechanism 76 does not restrict the winding and pulling out of the cord 72 with respect to the drum 73. On the other hand, when the regulation mechanism 76 is in the regulation position, it is located lower than when it is in the open position. At this time, the tip portion 761 of the regulation mechanism 76 is in contact with the cord 72 from above. As a result, the cord 72 is sandwiched between the tip portion 761 and the edge portion 711 forming the opening 75 in the casing 71. Therefore, the winding and pulling out of the cord 72 with respect to the drum 73 is restricted.

For example, when the crane 10 is in the traveling state (when the state shown in FIG. 1), the regulation mechanism 76 is positioned at the regulation position in order to prevent the cord 72 from being pulled out from the drum 73. In this case, the regulation mechanism 76 functions as a drawer regulation mechanism that regulates the withdrawal of the cord 72 from the casing 71.

The hanging hook 40 is engaged with the engaging tool 80 during non-working such as running. At this time, if the cord reel 70 rotates, the hanging hook 40 may come off from the engaging tool 80. In the present embodiment, the regulating mechanism 76 regulates the withdrawal of the cord 72 from the casing 71, so that the possibility that the hanging hook 40 is disengaged from the engaging tool 80 can be reduced.

Further, for example, in the process in which the cord 72 is wound around the drum 73, the regulation mechanism 76 is in the open position immediately before the cord 72 is completely wound around the drum 73 (immediately before the engaging tool 80 comes into contact with the casing 71). Is moved to the regulated position. In this case, the regulation mechanism 76 functions as a winding regulation mechanism for restricting the winding of the cord 72 to the casing 71.

When the cord 72 is completely wound on the cord reel 70, the tension required at the initial stage of unwinding the cord 72 from the cord reel 70 increases. According to the present embodiment, by restricting the cord 72 from being completely wound around the cord reel 70 by the regulating mechanism 76, the tension required at the initial stage of unwinding the cord 72 from the cord reel 70 is increased. Can be prevented.

The specific configuration of the regulatory mechanism 76 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 6, and various known configurations can be adopted. Further, the drawer regulation mechanism that regulates the withdrawal of the cord 72 from the casing 71 and the drawer regulation mechanism that regulates the withdrawal of the cord 72 from the casing 71 may be provided as separate mechanisms.

In the above embodiment, the crane 10 includes one cord reel 70 and one engaging tool 80. However, the crane 10 may include a plurality of cord reels 70 and a plurality of engaging tools 80. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the crane 10 may include two cord reels 70 and two engaging tools 80. In this case, two hanging hooks 40 and two drums 41 are also provided.

In the above embodiment, the crane 10 includes one hanging hook 40. However, the crane 10 may include a plurality of hanging hooks 40. In this case, as described above, the engaging tool 80 and the cord reel 70 may be provided corresponding to each hanging hook 40, or a plurality of hanging hooks 40 may engage with one engaging tool 80. May be done.

10 ... Crane 11 ... Traveling body 12 ... Boom device 13 ... Cabin 20 ... Body 21 ... Wheels 22 ... Outrigger 30 ... Shaft 31 ... Swivel frame 32 ... Boom 36 ... Undulating cylinder 39 ... Winch 40 ... Suspended hook 41 ... Drum 42 ... Wire 43 ... Wire sheave 44 ... Mark 70 ... Cord reel 71 ... Casing 72 ... Cord 73 ... Drum 74 ... Swirl spring 75 ... Opening 76 ... Regulatory mechanism 80 ... Engagement 91 ... Arrow 92 ... Arrow 711 ... Edge 761 ... Tip

Claims (4)

With the running body
A boom mounted on the traveling body so as to be able to turn, undulate and expand / contract via a turning frame,
A winch with a hanging hook at the tip and a wire that is wound around the tip of the boom and wound up or unwound on the drum.
A cord reel that has a casing and a cord and elastically winds the cord into the casing with a predetermined winding force.
A crane provided with an engaging tool provided at the tip of the cord derived from the casing and engaged with the hanging hook. The crane according to claim 1, wherein the cord reel includes a withdrawal regulation mechanism for restricting the withdrawal of the cord from the casing. The crane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cord reel includes a winding regulation mechanism for restricting winding of the cord to the casing. The crane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a mark is provided at a predetermined position of the above code.

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