JP2020137422A - Mushroom cultivation system and mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a mushroom cultivation system that suppresses shortage of oxygen in a cultivation container without taking outside air into the container, and can give an environment preferable for mushroom cultivation.SOLUTION: A mushroom cultivation system 1 that cultivates mushroom by using a mushroom bed is constituted of: a cultivation container 2 which is formed in a box shape; a cultivation shelf 3 which is installed in the cultivation container 2 and in which a mushroom bed for cultivating mushroom is arranged; a sprinkling means 4 which supplies water by spraying onto the mushroom bed; oxygen-enriched water supply means 5 for supplying oxygen-enriched water to the sprinkling means; and discharging means 6 for discharging water in the cultivation container outside the cultivation container, as principal parts.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation system using a cultivation container and a mushroom cultivation method.

In mushroom bed cultivation, a method of cultivating mushrooms by controlling the environment inside the cultivation facility using the fungus bed is widely used, and containers for land transportation and marine transportation are widely used as mushroom cultivation facilities that can be easily constructed. A method to be used has also been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
When mushrooms are cultivated using a closed cultivation facility such as a container, water affects the growth of mushrooms, so it is very important to control the water supply to the fungus bed and the dryness of the surface.

Among mushrooms, mushrooms belonging to wood ear mushrooms having a high water content are liable to grow poorly due to the water supply to the fungus bed and the dryness of the surface, and the water supply to the fungus bed and the dryness of the surface are inappropriate. Then, the growth becomes incomplete and the quality at the time of harvest deteriorates.
As a technique for cultivating mushrooms belonging to wood ear mushrooms, Patent Document 2 states that a roof or a roof sheet is arranged on the upper surface, and that the side surfaces are uniformly prevented from direct sunlight and rain from blowing into the wind to wet the fungal bed. A structure in which the side surface near the roof or roof sheet is covered with a plate-shaped or sheet-shaped side surface upper shield as necessary to create a spray space, but the other side surfaces are open so that outside air can flow in and out naturally. Cultivation facilities for wood ear mushrooms are disclosed.
Further, in Patent Document 3, in the cultivation of mushrooms belonging to wood ear mushrooms using a cultivation bottle or a cultivation bag, after the cultivation is completed, the cultivation bottle or the cultivation bag is turned upside down to make it an inverted state, and the state is maintained. A method for cultivating mushrooms belonging to wood ear mushrooms, which is characterized in that growth management is performed until harvest, is disclosed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-180158 JP-A-2018-42542 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-57985

By the way, mushrooms take in oxygen by breathing and use it, but the same amount of carbon dioxide as the oxygen consumed by breathing is generated and released into the cultivation facility. Therefore, in the method of cultivating mushrooms using a cultivation container as a cultivation facility, there is a problem that oxygen is consumed by the respiration of mushrooms and the inside of the container becomes oxygen deficient, and it is required to prevent oxygen deficiency.
Mushroom respiration is carried out through a thin layer of water surrounding the surface of mycelial cells, but since carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen, changes in carbon dioxide concentration are likely to affect the growth of mushrooms. In order to prevent oxygen deficiency and excessive increase in carbon dioxide concentration, the method of taking in outside air (air) into the cultivation facility is widely used, but since the temperature and humidity of the outside air vary depending on the season and weather, the container is used for taking in outside air. In addition to the difficulty of controlling the internal environment, when outside air is taken in and the air inside the container is circulated, the moisture on the surface of the mushroom evaporates and dries, hindering the growth of the mushroom and deteriorating the quality. There is a problem that it causes. Such problems of poor growth and quality deterioration were particularly remarkable in mushrooms belonging to wood ear mushrooms having a large amount of water.

Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation system and a mushroom cultivation method capable of efficiently cultivating mushrooms without causing problems of oxygen deficiency and drying even when a cultivation container is used. To do.

As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventor does not necessarily circulate the air in the container even in the cultivation container by using oxygen-enriched water (particularly oxygen fine bubble water). We have found that the problem of oxygen deficiency can be solved without causing it, and have arrived at the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to the following invention.
<1> A mushroom cultivation system that uses a fungal bed to cultivate mushrooms.
A box-shaped cultivation container and
A cultivation shelf installed in the cultivation container and where a fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms is arranged,
A watering means for spraying and supplying water to the fungus bed,
An oxygen-enriched water supply means for supplying oxygen-enriched water to the watering means and
A drainage means for discharging the water in the cultivation container to the outside of the cultivation container,
Mushroom cultivation system equipped with.
<2> The cultivation system according to <1>, wherein the oxygen-enriched water is oxygen fine bubble water.
<3> The cultivation system according to <1> or <2>, wherein the oxygen-enriched water supply means is provided outside the cultivation container.
<4> The cultivation system according to any one of <1> to <3>, which has a plurality of cultivation containers.
<5> The cultivation system according to <4>, wherein the oxygen-enriched water supply means supplies oxygen-enriched water to a plurality of cultivation containers.
<6> The cultivation system according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the mushroom to be cultivated is a mushroom belonging to a wood ear mushroom.
<7> A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises a step of spraying oxygen-enriched water on mushrooms.
<8> The method for cultivating mushrooms according to <7>, wherein the oxygen-enriched water is oxygen fine bubble water.
<9> The method for cultivating mushrooms according to <7> or <8>, wherein the mushroom to be cultivated is a mushroom belonging to wood ear mushrooms.

According to the mushroom cultivation system of the present invention, even if a cultivation container is used, water and oxygen can be efficiently supplied by spraying oxygen-enriched water (particularly oxygen fine bubble water) in the cultivation container. Oxygen deficiency and drying of mushrooms can be suppressed, and mushrooms can be cultivated efficiently.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the mushroom cultivation system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the cultivation container which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the cultivation container which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the state which a plurality of cultivation containers which concerns on embodiment of this invention are installed on the ground. It is a top view which shows the state in which a plurality of cultivation containers which concerns on embodiment of this invention are installed on the ground.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all drawings, similar components are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a system configuration of a mushroom cultivation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cultivation container used in the mushroom cultivation system according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cultivation container. Further, FIG. 4 is a front view showing a state in which a plurality of cultivation containers according to the embodiment of the present invention are installed on the ground, and FIG. 5 is a plan view thereof.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the mushroom cultivation system 1 according to the present embodiment mainly includes a cultivation container 2, a cultivation shelf 3, a watering means 4, an oxygen-enriched water supply means 5, and a drainage means 6. It is composed as a part. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the present embodiment is a mushroom cultivation system having three cultivation containers 2, but the number of cultivation containers 2 is not limited to three. Further, in FIGS. 4 and 5, the illustration of components other than the cultivation container 2 and the ground G is omitted.

Hereinafter, each component of the mushroom cultivation system 1 will be described in detail.

The cultivation container 2 is a container formed in a long box shape. As the cultivation container 2, a metal box body and a container having a heat insulating structure provided on the inner surface of the box body are preferably used. The size is arbitrary, but for example, a container having a length of 10 to 20 m, a width of 2 to 3 m, and a height of about 2 to 3 m is suitable. The cultivation container 2 can be used by diverting or modifying a conventionally used container such as a transportation container.
The cultivation container 2 is installed on the ground G so that the longitudinal direction is horizontal, but it is preferable to install the cultivation container 2 on the foundation via a base or the like.

When a plurality of cultivation containers 2 are installed, for example, three as in the present embodiment, they can be installed at appropriate intervals from each other.
Since a plurality of cultivation containers are provided, each cultivation container can be controlled under different environmental conditions. In this case, a plurality of cultivation containers may be cultivated at different harvest times, or different types of mushrooms may be cultivated.

An entrance / exit 21 is provided at one end in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation container 2. The configuration of the doorway 21 is arbitrary, and an appropriate door is appropriately provided in consideration of the security level.

The cultivation container 2 is provided with a discharge means 6 for discharging water to the outside as an essential component. Although not shown, a drainage ditch having a predetermined width is provided on the floor of the cultivation container 2 of the present embodiment, and the drainage ditch is made so that drainage can be collected in one place, and a drainage port connected to the outside. Is drained to the outside.

As shown in FIG. 3, the cultivation shelves 3 are installed in the cultivation container 2 at intervals parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation container 2. In the present embodiment, two cultivation shelves 3 are provided, but the number of cultivation shelves 3 may be appropriately determined in consideration of the size of the cultivation container 2 and the like.
The cultivation shelf 3 is arbitrary as long as a fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms can be arranged, and a cultivation shelf having a conventionally known configuration can be used. For example, it is composed of a plurality of pillars erected on the floor of the cultivation container 2 and a plurality of horizontal members horizontally supported by the plurality of pillars, and the plurality of horizontal members. It is possible to use a container in which a plurality of containers containing a fungus bed can be arranged on the top.

The container containing the fungus bed is placed on the cultivation shelf 3. The fungus bed can be obtained by filling a predetermined container with a prepared raw material obtained by mixing sawdust, rice bran, or the like with water or a nutritional component, and sterilizing the fungus bed. After inoculating the inoculum of the target mushroom in the fungus bed, the hyphae are grown to generate and harvest the mushrooms. The fungus bed may be subjected to any treatment depending on the type of mushroom.

As shown in FIG. 3, the watering means 4 includes a mist nozzle 42 arranged at a predetermined position of a container in-container pipe 41 arranged near the ceiling of the cultivation container 2.
Oxygen-enriched water is supplied to the container inner pipe 41 from the oxygen-enriched water supply means 5 provided outside via the connecting pipe 51, and the fungus bed arranged on the cultivation shelf 3 via the mist nozzle 42 ( Water can be sprayed onto (not shown) and supplied in the form of mist.

As shown in FIG. 3, the oxygen-enriched water supply means 5 is provided outside the cultivation container 2, and includes an oxygen cylinder 52, a fine bubble water generator 53, and an oxygen fine bubble water tank 54 as main parts.
Oxygen fine bubble water is generated from the water supplied from the city water pipe 55 or the like by using the fine bubble water generator 53, and this is temporarily stored in the oxygen fine bubble water tank 54, and a pump or the like is used as needed. After pressurizing using it, it is supplied to the pipe 41 in the container via the connecting pipe 51.

Oxygen fine bubble water is produced by supersaturating fine bubble oxygen gas in water as a raw material. Oxygen fine bubble water can contain a very large amount of oxygen as a fine bubble-like oxygen gas as compared with ordinary dissolved oxygen.
In the present specification, the “fine bubble” means a fine bubble of a gas having a diameter of micro order (1 to 100 μm) or nano order (1 μm or less). The lower limit of the diameter of the fine bubbles may be gaseous, and is usually 5 nm or more. In particular, in the present invention, the fine bubble-like gas contained in oxygen fine bubble water is preferably a mixture of microbubbles having a diameter of about 1 to 50 μm and nanobubbles having a diameter of about 10 nm to 300 nm. In general, the appearance of oxygen fine bubble water differs depending on the size of the gas existing in the water. Submillimeter-order bubbles existing in the water are visible. Water containing oxygen microbubbles becomes cloudy. Although nanobubbles in water cannot be visually observed, the existence of oxygen nanobubbles can be determined by whether or not a trajectory (laser line) can be seen by pointing a laser pointer at water.

In this embodiment, a fine bubble water generator in a "gas-liquid mixed shear method" in which a target gas and a liquid are swirled at high speed and fine bubbles are generated by a shearing force is adopted. Using this device, oxygen fine bubble water containing a mixture of microbubbles having a diameter of 1 to 50 μm and nanobubbles having a diameter of 10 nm to 300 nm can be obtained. In this case, the oxygen fine bubble water contains a mixture of microbubbles and nanobubbles, so that the water becomes cloudy.

The production of oxygen fine bubble water is not particularly limited as long as the water (raw material water) can contain fine bubble oxygen gas in a supersaturated manner. For example, as a method for generating fine bubbles, the above-mentioned "gas-liquid mixed shear method", "pressurization dissolution method" for generating fine bubbles by releasing compressed gas in the liquid at once, porous in the liquid, orifice. Examples thereof include a "micropore method" in which fine bubbles are generated by applying pressure to the gas to pass a gas. Further, as long as a fine bubble-like gas can be generated, a method other than the above may be used. Two or more of these generation methods may be combined.

In FIG. 3, the oxygen-enriched water supply means 5 is arranged next to the cultivation container 2, but it is installed on the cultivation container 2 or inside the cultivation container 2 in order to save the installation space. You may. Further, when a plurality of cultivation containers 2 are used, the oxygen-enriched water supply means 5 may be installed in each cultivation container 2, but one oxygen-enriched water supply means 5 may be used for a plurality of cultivation containers. Oxygen fine bubble water may be supplied to 2.

When mushrooms are cultivated by the mushroom cultivation system 1 configured as described above, an appropriate amount of oxygen fine bubble water is supplied to the fungus bed by the watering means 4 at an appropriate frequency, and a sufficient amount is supplied to the fungus bed. Water and oxygen are supplied, and the oxygen concentration and humidity in the cultivation container 2 (particularly near the fungal bed) are set within the required ranges.
Oxygen fine bubble water contains a large amount of oxygen gas as fine bubbles, so that oxygen and water can be directly supplied to the fungus bed and mushrooms (bacteria cells, fruiting bodies) grown on the fungus bed. Therefore, the problems of oxygen deficiency and dryness that cause poor growth of mushrooms are suppressed, and the growth of mushrooms is improved.

The mushrooms to be cultivated are not limited as long as they can be cultivated by the mushroom cultivation system 1, but mushrooms belonging to wood ear mushrooms, in which the oxygen concentration and the water content easily affect the growth and quality, are particularly suitable targets. Therefore, the mushroom cultivation system 1 can be suitably used as a mushroom cultivation system for mushrooms belonging to wood ear mushrooms.

In addition, the mushroom cultivation system of the present invention can adopt various configurations other than the above.

For example, various sensors may be provided in the cultivation container. Examples of such a sensor include an oxygen concentration sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a water temperature sensor in a cultivation tank, and the like. The numerical values measured by these sensors are preferably configured so that they can be monitored even outside the container.
It is also preferable to install a video camera in the cultivation container so as to continuously measure the growth state of mushrooms.

In addition, by connecting various sensors and video cameras to a computer that can be accessed via a network and transmitting data, it is possible to appropriately monitor the environment inside the cultivation container and the growth status of mushrooms from the outside. it can.
In this way, the environment inside the container and the growth status of mushrooms are appropriately monitored, and the supply amount and frequency of oxygen fine bubble water are adjusted manually or automatically as necessary to make the environment inside the cultivation container the growth of mushrooms. It can also be kept in a suitable state.

Further, any device may be installed in the container as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. Examples of such a device include an air conditioner, a lighting device, a ventilation device, an air circulation device, and the like.

Further, the mushroom cultivation system of the present invention supplies oxygen to mushrooms by supplying oxygen-enriched water (particularly oxygen fine bubble water), but has a mechanism for separately supplying oxygen (air) into the container as needed. It can also be provided. For example, the cultivation container may be provided with an intake port capable of taking in outside air, or a cylinder capable of directly supplying oxygen gas or air may be provided.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the embodiments disclosed this time are examples in all respects and are not limiting. In particular, in the embodiments disclosed this time, matters not explicitly disclosed, such as operating conditions, operating conditions, various parameters, dimensions, weights, volumes of components, etc., deviate from the scope normally implemented by those skilled in the art. A value that can be easily assumed by a person skilled in the art can be adopted.

According to the mushroom cultivation system of the present invention, mushrooms can be produced with high efficiency and high quality, which is promising in industry.

1 Mushroom cultivation system 2 Cultivation container 3 Cultivation shelf 4 Watering means 5 Oxygen enriched water supply means 6 Drainage means 21 Doorway 41 In-container piping 42 Mist nozzle 51 Connecting piping 52 Oxygen bomb 53 Fine bubble water generator 54 Oxygen fine bubble water tank 55 city water pipe

Claims (9)

A mushroom cultivation system that uses a fungal bed to grow mushrooms.
A box-shaped cultivation container and
A cultivation shelf installed in the cultivation container and where a fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms is arranged,
A watering means for spraying and supplying water to the fungus bed,
An oxygen-enriched water supply means for supplying oxygen-enriched water to the watering means and
A drainage means for discharging the water in the cultivation container to the outside of the cultivation container,
A mushroom cultivation system characterized by being equipped with. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen-enriched water is oxygen fine bubble water. The cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oxygen-enriched water supply means is provided outside the cultivation container. The cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which has a plurality of cultivation containers. The cultivation system according to claim 4, wherein the oxygen-enriched water supply means supplies oxygen-enriched water to a plurality of cultivation containers. The cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mushroom to be cultivated is a mushroom belonging to a wood ear mushroom. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises a step of spraying oxygen-enriched water on mushrooms. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 7, wherein the oxygen-enriched water is oxygen fine bubble water. The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the mushroom to be cultivated is a mushroom belonging to a wood ear mushroom.