JP2020128994A - Method for measuring mixing performance - Google Patents
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本発明は、混合性能測定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a mixing performance measuring method.
流体を配管内部で可動部無しに混合する静的混合装置として特許文献１に開示されたスタティックミキサーがある。このものは、管軸を中心として所定角度捻じられたバッフル板であるミキシングエレメントが、管状ハウジング内に軸方向に沿って複数配列されている。当該静的混合装置において、流体は、管状ハウジング内を移動する過程で、ミキシングエレメントによって分割・転換・反転作用を受け混合される。 There is a static mixer disclosed in Patent Document 1 as a static mixing device that mixes fluids inside a pipe without moving parts. In this device, a plurality of mixing elements, which are baffle plates twisted at a predetermined angle around the tube axis, are arranged in the tubular housing along the axial direction. In the static mixing device, the fluid is mixed by being mixed, converted and inverted by the mixing element in the process of moving in the tubular housing.
しかし、特許文献１に開示される静的混合装置では、特許文献１の第５図及び第６図に示されるように、配管断面視において、流体が流入するミキシングエレメントは管軸中心を通り配管断面を２分割する１本の直線として存在するのみであるため、流体は平面的に２分割されるだけである。この場合、例えば２つの流体の混合において、流体の流量比が大きく一方の流体の流量が小さく小流量であるときには、配管断面視において管軸中心を通り配管断面を２分割する１本の直線として存在するミキシングエレメントによって小流量の流体が分割されなければならず、混合され難いという問題点があった。このことは、２成分以上を含む流体であって各成分の濃度差が大きく、流体内で各成分が不均一に分布している場合において、流体内で各成分が均一に分布するように混合するときも同様である。 However, in the static mixing device disclosed in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 of Patent Document 1, the mixing element into which the fluid flows in passes through the center of the pipe axis in the cross-sectional view of the pipe. Since it exists only as one straight line that divides the cross section into two, the fluid is only divided into two in a plane. In this case, for example, in the case of mixing two fluids, when the flow rate ratio of the fluid is large and the flow rate of one fluid is small and the flow rate is small, one straight line passing through the pipe axis center and dividing the pipe cross section into two in a pipe cross sectional view There has been a problem that a small flow rate of fluid has to be divided by existing mixing elements, and mixing is difficult. This means that when a fluid contains two or more components and the concentration difference of each component is large and each component is unevenly distributed in the fluid, the components are mixed so as to be uniformly distributed in the fluid. The same is true when doing.
それゆえ、２以上の流体の流量の差、又は、流体中の成分の濃度差が大きくても確実に混合することが可能で、小さなスペースで混合することができる混合技術を提供することが要望される。また、混合状態の判断指標となるべき混合性能の測定方法の提供が要望される。 Therefore, it is desired to provide a mixing technique capable of surely mixing even if there is a large difference in the flow rate of two or more fluids or a large difference in the concentration of components in the fluids, and mixing in a small space. To be done. Further, it is desired to provide a method for measuring the mixing performance, which should serve as an index for judging the mixing state.
本発明は、前記に鑑みてなされたものであり、２以上の流体の混合状態の判断指標となるべき混合性能測定方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a mixing performance measuring method that should serve as an index for judging the mixed state of two or more fluids.
本発明に係る混合性能測定方法は、
混合装置で混合した流体を撮影した円形画像を画像処理プログラムにより処理してピクセルの輝度を求め、全ピクセルのうち高輝度側から上位５０％のピクセルの輝度を用いて前記流体の混合状態の判断指標とする。
The mixing performance measuring method according to the present invention,
The circular image obtained by photographing the fluid mixed by the mixing device is processed by the image processing program to obtain the brightness of the pixel, and the determination of the mixed state of the fluid is made by using the brightness of the upper 50% pixel from the higher brightness side of all the pixels. Use as an index.
前記混合性能測定方法において、
ミキサー取付部に前記混合装置を設置し、前記ミキサー取付部の上流に設置する配管により所定流量の水を供給して水の流れが安定した後に水流中に着色した水溶液を注入し、前記ミキサー取付部の下流に前記上流側の配管と同じ内径を有する透明配管を設置し、前記透明配管の管径方向からレーザーシート光を照射して該透明配管の配管断面画像をカメラにより撮影し、
前記配管断面画像を前記円形画像として画像処理プログラムにより処理してピクセルの輝度を求め、全ピクセルのうち高輝度側から上位５０％のピクセルの輝度の平均値を混合度ｂｍとして流体の混合状態の判断指標とすることができる。
In the mixing performance measuring method,
The mixing device is installed in the mixer mounting part, and a predetermined amount of water is supplied through a pipe installed upstream of the mixer mounting part to inject a colored aqueous solution into the water flow after the water flow is stabilized. A transparent pipe having the same inner diameter as the upstream pipe is installed downstream of the section, and a pipe cross-sectional image of the transparent pipe is shot by a camera by irradiating a laser sheet light from the pipe radial direction of the transparent pipe,
The pipe cross-sectional image is processed as the circular image by an image processing program to obtain the brightness of the pixel, and the average value of the brightness of the pixels of the upper 50% from the high brightness side of all the pixels is set as the mixing degree bm to determine the fluid mixing state. It can be used as a judgment index.
前記混合性能測定方法において、
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
前記蛍光画素の画素数を前記円形画像の全画素数に対する百分率として表したものを分散度Ｍとし、当該分散度Ｍを混合による流体の拡がりを表す指標とすることができる。
In the mixing performance measuring method,
Of all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
The number of the fluorescent pixels is expressed as a percentage with respect to the total number of pixels of the circular image, and the dispersity M can be used as an index representing the spread of the fluid due to mixing.
前記混合性能測定方法において、
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
前記蛍光画素の輝度の中央値を中央濃度ｂmedとし、当該中央濃度ｂmedを混合による流体の代表濃度を表す指標とすることができる。
In the mixing performance measuring method,
Of all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
The median value of the brightness of the fluorescent pixels may be defined as the median concentration bmed, and the median concentration bmed may be used as an index representing the representative concentration of the fluid by mixing.
前記混合性能測定方法において、
前記円形画像の全ピクセルの各輝度（ｂ＝０〜２５５）での画素数ｎ（ｂ）に対して指数関数的に重み付けしたｎ’（ｂ）＝ｎ（ｂ）ｂ／２５５を定義し、このｎ’（ｂ）が最大となる輝度を最大濃度ｂ’maxとし、当該最大濃度ｂ’maxを濃厚な塊の存在を示す指標とすることができる。
In the mixing performance measuring method,
Defining n′(b)=n(b) b/255, which is exponentially weighted with respect to the number of pixels n(b) at each luminance (b=0 to 255) of all pixels of the circular image, The brightness at which n'(b) is maximum can be set as the maximum density b'max, and the maximum density b'max can be used as an index indicating the presence of a thick lump.
前記混合性能測定方法において、
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
前記円形画像の全ピクセルの各輝度（ｂ＝０〜２５５）での画素数ｎ（ｂ）に対して指数関数的に重み付けしたｎ’（ｂ）＝ｎ（ｂ）ｂ／２５５を基に、このｎ’（ｂ）の中央値を中央濃度ｂmedとし、この中央濃度ｂmed＋３０をしきい値として抽出した各々の濃厚塊について前記蛍光画素数を前記円形画像の全画素数に対する百分率として表したものを濃厚塊の大きさＬとすることができる。
In the mixing performance measuring method,
Among all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
Based on n′(b)=n(b) b/255, which is exponentially weighted to the number of pixels n(b) at each luminance (b=0 to 255) of all pixels of the circular image, The median value of this n′(b) is defined as the median density bmed, and the number of the fluorescent pixels in each concentrated block extracted with the median density bmed+30 as a threshold is expressed as a percentage of the total number of pixels of the circular image. The size L of the thick lump can be set.
前記混合性能測定方法において、
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
本流の水に対して比重の異なる他の流体を混合した場合、比重差に応じて混合した他の流体が塊になって存在するこの塊の偏りを表す指標として偏在度Ｄev.を、以下のようにして求めることができる。
In the mixing performance measuring method,
Of all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
When other fluids having different specific gravities are mixed with the mainstream water, the uneven distribution degree Dev. You can ask for it.
前記円形画像の各画素に対して下部から上部にかけて−１から１の位置情報ｐを与え、各位置情報ｐに対して輝度によって重み付けしたｐ’＝ｂ／ｂmaxを求める（ここで、ｂmaxは各画素における輝度ｂの最大値である。）。
各画素のｐ’について最大値ｐ’maxおよび最小値ｐ’minを求め、最大値ｐ’max±０．５の画素、最小値ｐ’min±０．５の画素に対してｐ’の中央値を算出し、それぞれｐ’max±0.5、ｐ’min±0.5とする。
前記蛍光画素数の２．５％をｎ2.5、ｐ’＝ｐ’max±０．５の画素数をｎmax±0.5とし、ｐ’maxに対してｎ2.5を用いて補正したｐ’max,c、及びｐ’minに対してｎ2.5を用いて補正したｐ’min,cを、以下のように場合分けして求め、ｐ’max,cとｐ’min,cの和が−１から１の値で示される偏在度Ｄev.とする。
Position information p of -1 to 1 is given to each pixel of the circular image from the lower part to the upper part, and p'=b/bmax weighted by the brightness is obtained for each position information p (where, bmax is each It is the maximum value of the brightness b in the pixel.).
The maximum value p'max and the minimum value p'min are obtained for p'of each pixel, and the pixel of the maximum value p'max ±0.5 and the pixel of the minimum value p'min ±0.5 is the center of p' calculating a value, each p 'max ± 0.5, p' and min ± 0.5.
2.5% of the number of fluorescent pixels is set to n 2.5 , the number of pixels of p′=p′max±0.5 is set to n max±0.5, and p′max corrected using n 2.5 with respect to p′max, c and p'min,c corrected using n 2.5 for p'min are obtained by dividing the cases as follows, and the sum of p'max,c and p'min,c is from -1. The uneven distribution degree Dev.
本発明によれば、２以上の流体の混合状態の判断指標となるべき混合性能の測定方法が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided a method of measuring mixing performance, which should be used as an index for judging the mixed state of two or more fluids.
（形態１「混合ユニットによる流体の混合方法」）
図１及び図２に示すように、本発明に係る流体の混合方法に使用される混合ユニット１Ａは、混合体２Ａを構成する第１の貫通孔２２及び第２の貫通孔２３を設けた混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂと、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの積層方向の両端部に設けられた円板状の第１の板３及び第２の板４とを備える。第１の板３及び第２の板４は、例えば、適宜な位置に配された４本のボルト１１及びナット１２の固定手段にて混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの積層方向の両端面に密接して取り付けられている。よって、固定手段を取り外すと、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂ、第１の板３、第２の板４に分解される。
(Form 1 "Method of mixing fluid by mixing unit")
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the mixing unit 1A used in the method for mixing fluids according to the present invention is a mixing unit having a first through hole 22 and a second through hole 23 forming a mixture 2A. The elements 21a and 21b and the disk-shaped first and second plates 3 and 4 provided at both ends of the mixing elements 21a and 21b in the stacking direction are provided. The first plate 3 and the second plate 4 are in close contact with both end faces in the stacking direction of the mixing elements 21a and 21b, for example, by means of fixing four bolts 11 and nuts 12 arranged at appropriate positions. It is installed. Therefore, when the fixing means is removed, the mixing elements 21a and 21b, the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 are disassembled.
第１の板３は、ボルト用孔１３を有する円板で形成されている。第２の板４は、ボルト用孔１４とともに、中央部に流体Ａが流入又は流出する円形の開口部４１を有する円板で形成されている。第１の板３及び第２の板４は、混合体２Ａを構成する混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂと略同一の外径を有する。 The first plate 3 is formed of a disk having a bolt hole 13. The second plate 4 is formed of a circular plate having a circular opening 41 through which the fluid A flows in or out, in the center, together with the bolt hole 14. The first plate 3 and the second plate 4 have substantially the same outer diameter as that of the mixing elements 21a and 21b forming the mixture 2A.
図２に示すように、混合エレメント２１ａ（図２（ａ）），２１ｂ（図２（ｂ））には、略四角形の第１の貫通孔２２が複数形成されるとともに、中央部に第１の貫通孔２２より大きい内径を有する略円形の第２の貫通孔２３が形成されている。第２の貫通孔２３は、第２の板４の開口部４１の内径と略同一、かつ略同心に配設される。第２の貫通孔２３は、各混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂ間で積層方向に連通しており、混合体２Ａの中空部２４を形成する。複数の第１の貫通孔２２は、第２の貫通孔２３の中心点を中心として同心円状に配設され、全体として千鳥状に配列されている。一方の混合エレメント２１ａでは、内周部に配設される第１の貫通孔２２は閉じており、外周部に配設される第１の貫通孔２２は外周面に向かって開放されている。他方の混合エレメント２１ｂでは、内周部分に配設される第１の貫通孔２２は内周面に向かって開放され、外周部に配設される第１の貫通孔２２は閉じている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the mixing elements 21a (FIG. 2(a)) and 21b (FIG. 2(b)) are formed with a plurality of substantially quadrangular first through holes 22. A substantially circular second through hole 23 having an inner diameter larger than that of the through hole 22 is formed. The second through hole 23 is arranged substantially the same as and substantially concentric with the inner diameter of the opening 41 of the second plate 4. The second through hole 23 communicates in the stacking direction between the mixing elements 21a and 21b, and forms the hollow portion 24 of the mixture 2A. The plurality of first through holes 22 are arranged concentrically around the center point of the second through holes 23 and are arranged in a staggered pattern as a whole. In one mixing element 21a, the first through hole 22 provided in the inner peripheral portion is closed, and the first through hole 22 provided in the outer peripheral portion is open toward the outer peripheral surface. In the other mixing element 21b, the first through hole 22 provided in the inner peripheral portion is open toward the inner peripheral surface, and the first through hole 22 provided in the outer peripheral portion is closed.
図２（ｃ）及び図３に示したように、各混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂは第１の貫通孔２２の配列パターンを異ならせているため、各々の第１の貫通孔２２は、積層方向に隣接する混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの第１の貫通孔２２に対して半径方向及び周方向に部
分的に位置がずれて重なり合うように配置され、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの延在方向（積層方向に対して略垂直方向）に連通している。
As shown in FIGS. 2C and 3, since the mixing elements 21a and 21b have different arrangement patterns of the first through holes 22, the first through holes 22 are arranged in the stacking direction. The mixing elements 21a and 21b are arranged such that the first through holes 22 of the adjacent mixing elements 21a and 21b are partially displaced in the radial direction and the circumferential direction and overlap with each other, and the mixing elements 21a and 21b extend in the extending direction (with respect to the stacking direction). In a substantially vertical direction).
混合ユニット１Ａは、混合体２Ａの両端部に第１の板３及び第２の板４が対向配置されているので、混合体２Ａ内部に流入した流体Ａは、積層方向両端部の混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの第１の貫通孔２２から流出することが妨げられる。従って、図３（ａ），（ｂ）に示したように、流体Ａは、混合体２Ａ内部を混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの積層方向とともに延在方向にも確実に流通する。そして流体Ａは、混合ユニット１Ａ内部を内周部から外周部へ流通させられる。 In the mixing unit 1A, since the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 are arranged opposite to each other at both ends of the mixture 2A, the fluid A flowing into the inside of the mixture 2A has the mixing elements 21a at both ends in the stacking direction. , 21b are prevented from flowing out from the first through holes 22. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the fluid A reliably flows inside the mixture 2A in the stacking direction of the mixing elements 21a and 21b as well as in the extending direction. Then, the fluid A is circulated from the inner peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion inside the mixing unit 1A.
以上の混合ユニット１Ａに、例えば、流体Ａを適宜な圧送手段により第２の板４の開口部４１を経由して中空部２４に流入させると、流体Ａは中空部２４の内周面に開く混合エレメント２１ｂの第１の貫通孔２２から混合体２Ａ内部に流入する。続いて、流体Ａは、当該第１の貫通孔２２に連通する他の第１の貫通孔２２を通り抜け、当該他の第１の貫通孔２２に連通する他の第１の貫通孔２２を通り抜ける流れを繰り返す。最終的に、流体Ａは、混合体２Ａの外周面に開く混合エレメント２１ａの第１の貫通孔２２を介して混合体２Ａの外部へ流出する。 When the fluid A is flowed into the hollow portion 24 through the opening 41 of the second plate 4 into the mixing unit 1A by an appropriate pressure feeding means, the fluid A is opened to the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion 24. It flows into the inside of the mixture 2A from the first through hole 22 of the mixing element 21b. Subsequently, the fluid A passes through the other first through hole 22 communicating with the first through hole 22 and passes through the other first through hole 22 communicating with the other first through hole 22. Repeat the flow. Finally, the fluid A flows out of the mixture 2A through the first through hole 22 of the mixing element 21a which opens on the outer peripheral surface of the mixture 2A.
この間、混合体２Ａ内部の流体Ａは、複数の第１の貫通孔２２により混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの延在方向に分割、合流されながら、内周部から外周部に向かって略放射状に流動し（図３（ｂ）参照）、同時に、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの積層方向にも分割、合流されながら流動する（図３（ａ）参照）。 During this time, the fluid A inside the mixture 2A flows substantially radially from the inner peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion while being divided and merged by the plurality of first through holes 22 in the extending direction of the mixing elements 21a and 21b. (See FIG. 3B) At the same time, the mixing elements 21a and 21b flow while being divided and merged in the stacking direction (see FIG. 3A).
以上により、流体Ａは、混合体２Ａ内部において、半径方向への二次元的（平面的）な分割と合流だけではなく、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの層厚方向にも分割と合流が行われ、混合体２Ａ内部で広がりをもった三次元的な分割と合流が行われる。よって、この混合ユニット１Ａによれば、流体Ａに対して高い混合効果が発揮される。 As described above, the fluid A is not only divided and merged two-dimensionally (planarly) in the radial direction inside the mixture 2A, but also divided and merged in the layer thickness direction of the mixing elements 21a and 21b. Inside the mixture 2A, the three-dimensional division and merging are performed. Therefore, according to this mixing unit 1A, a high mixing effect with respect to the fluid A is exhibited.
混合体２Ａを構成する混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの各第１の貫通孔２２は千鳥状に配列されているので、当該第１の貫通孔２２と上下の他の第１の貫通孔２２との間で流体Ａが流出、流入する際に、流体Ａの流れが容易に分割、合流させられるから、効率的に混合される。したがって、流体Ａの流量が少ない場合でも、流体Ａは分割、合流されて良好に混合される。 Since the first through holes 22 of the mixing elements 21a and 21b that form the mixture 2A are arranged in a staggered pattern, the space between the first through holes 22 and the other first through holes 22 above and below. When the fluid A flows out and flows in, the flows of the fluid A are easily split and merged, so that the fluid A is efficiently mixed. Therefore, even if the flow rate of the fluid A is small, the fluid A is divided and merged and is well mixed.
第２の貫通孔２３は、第１の貫通孔２２より大きい内径を有するので、各混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの第２の貫通孔２３によって形成される中空部２４を流れる際の流動抵抗は、混合体２Ａ内部を流れる際の流動抵抗と比較して小さい。従って、流体Ａは、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの積層枚数が多い場合でも、積層方向の位置に関らず略均等に各混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの内周部に到達し、混合体２Ａ内部を内周部から外周部へ略均等に流れる。このような中空部２４を備えることで、中空部２４を設けない場合と比較して、混合ユニット１内部の積層方向に略均等に流体Ａが入りやすくなる。 Since the second through hole 23 has an inner diameter larger than that of the first through hole 22, the flow resistance when flowing through the hollow portion 24 formed by the second through hole 23 of each mixing element 21a, 21b is mixed. It is smaller than the flow resistance when flowing inside the body 2A. Therefore, even if the number of layers of the mixing elements 21a and 21b is large, the fluid A reaches the inner peripheral portion of each of the mixing elements 21a and 21b substantially evenly regardless of the position in the stacking direction, and the inside of the mixture 2A is filled. It flows from the peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion substantially evenly. By providing such a hollow portion 24, as compared with the case where the hollow portion 24 is not provided, the fluid A is likely to enter substantially uniformly in the stacking direction inside the mixing unit 1.
混合ユニット１Ａは、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂ、第１の板３、第２の板４により構成されているので、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂの積層枚数を多くすることにより流体の流れる流路面積を大きくすることができるので、多くの流体を混合することができる。 Since the mixing unit 1A is composed of the mixing elements 21a and 21b, the first plate 3 and the second plate 4, the flow passage area through which the fluid flows can be increased by increasing the number of layers of the mixing elements 21a and 21b. Therefore, many fluids can be mixed.
（変形例１）
図４は、形態１の変形例１による混合ユニット１Ｂの構成部品を示す分解斜視図である。図５は、混合エレメント２１ｃが隣接する混合エレメント２１ｃと積層したときの
第１の貫通孔２２の重なりを示す平面図である。第１の貫通孔２２が重なっている部分は着色して示している。
(Modification 1)
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing components of the mixing unit 1B according to the first modification of the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the overlap of the first through holes 22 when the mixing element 21c is stacked with the adjacent mixing element 21c. The portion where the first through hole 22 overlaps is shown colored.
混合ユニット１Ｂは、図１に示した混合ユニット１Ａと同様、円板から構成される混合エレメント２１ｃを複数枚（ここでは６枚）積層した混合体２Ｂを、第１の板３及び第２の板４により、適宜な位置に配された４本のボルト１１及びナット１２の固定手段にて両側から挟持して構成される。 Similar to the mixing unit 1A shown in FIG. 1, the mixing unit 1B includes a mixture 2B formed by laminating a plurality of (here, six) mixing elements 21c formed of discs, a first plate 3 and a second mixture. The plate 4 is configured to be sandwiched from both sides by fixing means of four bolts 11 and nuts 12 arranged at appropriate positions.
混合エレメント２１ｃは、円形の第１の貫通孔２２を複数有し、中央部に略円形の第２の貫通孔２３を有している。第２の貫通孔２３の内径は、第２の板４の貫通孔４１の内径と略同一、かつ略同心である。混合エレメント２１ｃが積層されることにより、第２の貫通孔２３は中空部２４を形成する。各第１の貫通孔２２は、その内径及びピッチが略同一である。 The mixing element 21c has a plurality of circular first through holes 22 and a substantially circular second through hole 23 in the center. The inner diameter of the second through hole 23 is substantially the same as and substantially concentric with the inner diameter of the through hole 41 of the second plate 4. The second through hole 23 forms a hollow portion 24 by stacking the mixing elements 21c. The inner diameters and pitches of the first through holes 22 are substantially the same.
図５に示すように、複数の第１の貫通孔２２の一部は、互いに隣接する混合エレメント２１ｃの第１の貫通孔２２とその位置をずらせて、部分的に重なり合うように配置され、混合エレメント２１ｃの延在する方向に連通する。複数の第１の貫通孔２２の一部は、混合エレメント２１ｃの内周面及び外周面に開いている。 As shown in FIG. 5, a part of the plurality of first through holes 22 is arranged so as to be partially overlapped with the first through holes 22 of the admixing elements 21c adjacent to each other so as to partially overlap with each other. The elements 21c communicate with each other in the extending direction. Some of the plurality of first through holes 22 are open to the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the mixing element 21c.
以上のような混合ユニット１Ｂによっても、複数の第１の貫通孔２２は混合エレメント２１ｃの延在する方向及び積層方向に流通可能に連通するように形成される。従って、流体Ａは、混合ユニット１Ｂ内部を内周部から外周部へ、又はその逆に外周部から内周部へ流通させられ、半径方向及び積層方向に三次元的に分割と合流が行われ、流体Ａは良好に混合される。 Also by the mixing unit 1B as described above, the plurality of first through holes 22 are formed so as to communicate with each other in the extending direction and the stacking direction of the mixing element 21c. Therefore, the fluid A is circulated in the mixing unit 1B from the inner peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion, or vice versa, from the outer peripheral portion to the inner peripheral portion, and is three-dimensionally divided and joined in the radial direction and the stacking direction. , The fluid A is mixed well.
（変形例２）
図１〜３に示される混合エレメント２１ａ又は２１ｂでは、内側部又は外側部に配設される一方の第１の貫通孔２２は内側面又は外側面に向かって開いているが、図６に示すように、内側部及び外側部に配設される第１の貫通孔２２が閉じているが異なる内径及び外径を有する混合エレメント２１ｄ（図６（ａ））及び２１ｅ（図６（ｂ））を使用して混合ユニット１を形成することもできる。
(Modification 2)
In the mixing element 21a or 21b shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, one first through hole 22 provided in the inner portion or the outer portion is open toward the inner surface or the outer surface, but shown in FIG. As described above, the mixing elements 21d (FIG. 6(a)) and 21e (FIG. 6(b)) in which the first through holes 22 arranged in the inner part and the outer part are closed but have different inner and outer diameters Can also be used to form the mixing unit 1.
図６（ａ）に示される混合エレメント２１ｄの外径及び内径は、図６（ｂ）に示される隣接する混合エレメント２１ｅの外径及び内径よりも小さい。第２の貫通孔２３は混合エレメント２１ａ及び２１ｂと同様に、略中央部に略円形状に配されている。これにより、混合体２の内周部には混合エレメント２１ｄの第１の貫通孔２２が開放され、混合体２内部外周部にはエレメント２１ｅの第１の貫通孔２２が開放される（図６（ｃ））。なお、図６（ｃ）においては、積層状態を分かりやすくするために混合エレメント２１ｅを着色して示している。 The outer diameter and inner diameter of the mixing element 21d shown in FIG. 6(a) are smaller than the outer diameter and inner diameter of the adjoining mixing element 21e shown in FIG. 6(b). The second through hole 23 is arranged in a substantially circular shape at a substantially central portion, similarly to the mixing elements 21a and 21b. As a result, the first through hole 22 of the mixing element 21d is opened in the inner peripheral portion of the mixture 2, and the first through hole 22 of the element 21e is opened in the inner peripheral portion of the mixture 2 (FIG. 6). (C)). In addition, in FIG. 6C, the mixing element 21e is colored and shown in order to facilitate understanding of the stacked state.
以上のように混合エレメント２１ｄ及び２１ｅを形成しても、複数の第１の貫通孔２２は混合エレメント２１ｄ及び２１ｅの延在する方向及び積層方向に流通可能に連通するように形成される。そのため、流体Ａは、混合体２の内周部に開放される混合エレメント２１ｄの第１の貫通孔２２から混合体２内部に流入し、混合体２内部を連通する複数の第１の貫通孔２２を内周部から外周部に流通し、混合体２の外周部に開放される混合エレメント２１ｅの第１の貫通孔２２から混合体２外部に流出する。そして流体Ａは混合体２内部を流通する際に半径方向及び積層方向に三次元的に分割と合流され、良好に混合される。 Even if the mixing elements 21d and 21e are formed as described above, the plurality of first through holes 22 are formed so as to be communicable in the extending direction and the stacking direction of the mixing elements 21d and 21e. Therefore, the fluid A flows into the inside of the mixture 2 from the first through holes 22 of the mixing element 21d opened to the inner peripheral portion of the mixture 2, and the plurality of first through holes communicating with the inside of the mixture 2 are formed. 22 flows from the inner peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion, and flows out of the mixed body 2 through the first through hole 22 of the mixing element 21e opened to the outer peripheral portion of the mixed body 2. When the fluid A flows through the inside of the mixture 2, the fluid A is three-dimensionally divided and merged in the radial direction and the stacking direction, and is mixed well.
また、混合エレメント２１ｄ又は２１ｅのように内側部及び外側部に配設される第１の貫通孔２２が閉じている混合エレメント２１と、内側部及び外側部に配設される第１の貫
通孔２２が開放されている混合エレメント２１の組み合わせにより、各混合エレメント２１の半径方向の仕切壁２５ａ及び円周方向の仕切壁２５ｂを位置を違えて配設することにより、上記と同様に流体Ａを混合体２内部に流入させ、流出させてもよい。
Further, like the mixing element 21d or 21e, the mixing element 21 in which the first through holes 22 provided in the inner and outer portions are closed, and the first through hole provided in the inner and outer portions The combination of the mixing elements 21 with the openings 22 opened allows the radial partition wall 25a and the circumferential partition wall 25b of each mixing element 21 to be arranged at different positions, so that the fluid A is supplied in the same manner as described above. It may be allowed to flow into and out of the mixture 2.
（変形例３）
図７に示されるように、２種類の混合エレメント２１ｆ（図７（ａ））と２１ｇ（図７（ｂ））の積層状態（図７（ｃ））において、周方向に隣接する第１の貫通孔２２同士の重なり部分の面積が非均等になるように半径方向の仕切壁２５ａが配設されていてもよい。これにより、流体は第１の貫通孔２２を通り抜ける際に周方向に対して非均等に分割される。
(Modification 3)
As shown in FIG. 7, in the stacked state (FIG. 7(c)) of two types of mixing elements 21f (FIG. 7(a)) and 21g (FIG. 7(b)), the first adjoining in the circumferential direction is used. The partition wall 25a in the radial direction may be arranged so that the areas of the overlapping portions of the through holes 22 are not uniform. As a result, the fluid is divided non-uniformly in the circumferential direction when passing through the first through hole 22.
（変形例４）
図８に示されるように、２種類の混合エレメント２１ｈ（図８（ａ））と２１ｉ（図８（ｂ））における第１の貫通孔２２の間の仕切壁のうち、半径方向の仕切壁２５ａを一方向側に湾曲する略インボリュート曲線状としてもよい。混合エレメント２１ｈ，２１ｉをこのように形成することにより、混合ユニット１から流出する流体Ａの流れを渦巻状の流れとすることができる。
(Modification 4)
As shown in FIG. 8, of the partition walls between the first through holes 22 in the two types of mixing elements 21h (FIG. 8(a)) and 21i (FIG. 8(b)), the radial partition wall. 25a may have a substantially involute curve shape that curves in one direction. By forming the mixing elements 21h and 21i in this way, the flow of the fluid A flowing out of the mixing unit 1 can be made a spiral flow.
（変形例５）
図９に示されるような混合エレメント２１ｊを使用して図１０に示される混合ユニット１Ｃを形成してもよい。混合エレメント２１ｊは、中央部には第２の貫通孔２３を設けずに四角形状の第１の貫通孔２２を全面に有し、かつ外周部に第１の貫通孔２２が開放しない枠部２６を有している。第１の板３の外周形状は、隣接する混合エレメント２１ｊの外周部分の第１の貫通孔２２が開放されるように、混合エレメント２１ｊよりも小径に形成されている。
(Modification 5)
The mixing element 21j as shown in FIG. 9 may be used to form the mixing unit 1C shown in FIG. The mixing element 21j has a rectangular first through hole 22 in the central portion without providing the second through hole 23, and has a frame portion 26 in which the first through hole 22 is not opened in the outer peripheral portion. have. The outer peripheral shape of the first plate 3 is formed to have a smaller diameter than the mixing element 21j so that the first through hole 22 in the outer peripheral portion of the adjacent mixing element 21j is opened.
図１０は、混合エレメント２１ｊが３枚積層された混合ユニット１Ｃの内部を流体Ａが流れる様子を示した断面図である。混合ユニット１Ｃをこのように構成することによっても、適宜な圧送手段により混合ユニット１Ｃに流入させられた流体Ａは、第２の板４の貫通孔４１を介して混合体２Ｃに流入し、混合エレメント２１ｊの連通する第１の貫通孔２２を流通しながら混合体２Ｃ内部を半径方向及び積層方向に三次元的に分割と合流され良好に混合される。そして流体Ａは、混合体２Ｃの一端に配設された第１の板３の外周部に開放されている第１の貫通孔２２から流出する。 FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing how the fluid A flows inside the mixing unit 1C in which three mixing elements 21j are stacked. Even by configuring the mixing unit 1C in this way, the fluid A introduced into the mixing unit 1C by an appropriate pumping means flows into the mixture 2C through the through hole 41 of the second plate 4 and is mixed. While flowing through the first through holes 22 communicating with the elements 21j, the inside of the mixture 2C is three-dimensionally divided and merged in the radial direction and the stacking direction to be well mixed. Then, the fluid A flows out from the first through hole 22 which is open to the outer peripheral portion of the first plate 3 arranged at one end of the mixture 2C.
さらに本発明に係る混合エレメント２１は、上記形態及び各変形例に限定されず、種々の変更を施すことが可能である。例えば、混合エレメント２１の第１の貫通孔２２は円形や四角形状に限らず、三角形、六角形、長方形等の多角形形状としてもよい。 Further, the mixing element 21 according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned form and each modification, and various modifications can be made. For example, the first through hole 22 of the mixing element 21 is not limited to a circular shape or a quadrangular shape, and may have a polygonal shape such as a triangle, a hexagon, or a rectangle.
また、混合体２は、混合エレメント層２１が層厚方向に形成された階層構造を有する一体物により構成されていてもよい。この場合、混合体２は、例えば、３Ｄプリンター等の３次元造形装置等により製作することができる。また、混合ユニット１についても、混合体２と同様に３Ｄプリンター等の３次元造形装置等により製作することができる。 In addition, the mixture 2 may be configured as an integrated body having a hierarchical structure in which the mixing element layer 21 is formed in the layer thickness direction. In this case, the mixture 2 can be manufactured by, for example, a three-dimensional modeling device such as a 3D printer. Similarly to the mixture 2, the mixing unit 1 can be manufactured by a three-dimensional modeling device such as a 3D printer.
また、混合エレメント２１、第１の板３及び第２の板４等は、各種形状の分割構造とすることができる。この場合、大型の混合ユニット１であっても容易に製作することができる。図１１に示すように、混合エレメント２１が環状の形状を有する場合には、扇形形状の分割体２７による分割構造とすることができる。また、混合エレメント２１が四角形の場合には、矩形形状の分割体による分割構造とすることができる。 Further, the mixing element 21, the first plate 3, the second plate 4, and the like can be divided structures of various shapes. In this case, even a large mixing unit 1 can be easily manufactured. As shown in FIG. 11, in the case where the mixing element 21 has an annular shape, it may have a divided structure with a fan-shaped divided body 27. Further, when the mixing element 21 has a quadrangular shape, it can have a divided structure with a rectangular divided body.
また、流体Ａは、混合体２の外周部に開放される混合エレメント２１の第１の貫通孔２
２から混合体２内部に流入し、混合体２の内周部に開放される混合エレメント２１の第１の貫通孔２２から流出してもよい。図１０に示される形態５の場合であれば、流体Ａは、混合体２Ｃの一端に配設された第１の板３の外周部に開放されている第１の貫通孔２２から流入し、第２の板４の開口部４１から流出してもよい。
Further, the fluid A is the first through hole 2 of the mixing element 21 opened to the outer peripheral portion of the mixture 2.
It may flow into the inside of the mixture 2 from 2 and may flow out from the 1st through-hole 22 of the mixing element 21 opened to the inner peripheral part of the mixture 2. In the case of the form 5 shown in FIG. 10, the fluid A flows in from the first through hole 22 opened to the outer peripheral portion of the first plate 3 arranged at one end of the mixture 2C, It may flow out through the opening 41 of the second plate 4.
（形態２「静的混合装置による流体の混合方法」）
図１２は、形態２による流体の混合方法において、静的混合装置内部を流体Ａが流れる様子を示した断面図である。静的混合装置５Ａは、フランジ５３を有する円筒状のケーシング５０に、入口５１及び出口５２を有する外周円板状のフランジ５４が着脱自在に装着している。ケーシング５０の内部には、混合ユニット１が配設されている。
(Form 2 "Method of mixing fluid by static mixer")
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing how the fluid A flows inside the static mixing device in the fluid mixing method according to the second aspect. In the static mixing device 5A, a cylindrical casing 50 having a flange 53 has an outer peripheral disk-shaped flange 54 having an inlet 51 and an outlet 52 detachably mounted. The mixing unit 1 is arranged inside the casing 50.
混合ユニット１は４つの混合体２から形成され、各混合体２は混合エレメント２１を複数枚（ここでは３枚）と、中央部に貫通孔４１を有しケーシング５０の内径と略同一の外径を有する第２の板４及び混合体２の外径と略同一の外径を有する第１の板３から構成される。 The mixing unit 1 is formed of four mixing bodies 2, and each mixing body 2 has a plurality of mixing elements 21 (here, three) and a through hole 41 in the central portion and has an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the casing 50. It is composed of a second plate 4 having a diameter and a first plate 3 having an outer diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the mixture 2.
さらに詳細には、ケーシング５０の入口５１側には、第２の板４が配設され、続いて３枚の混合エレメント２１から形成される第１混合体２ａが配設され、続いて第１の板３が配設されている。続いて第２混合体２ｂ、第２の板４、第３混合体２ｃ、第１の板３、第４混合体２ｄ、第２の板４が順次配設されている。隣接する第１混合体２ａと第２混合体２ｂは、１枚の第１の板３を共用して２つの混合要素１ａ，１ｂを構成する。隣接する第３混合体２ｃと第４混合体２ｄも同様に１枚の第１の板３を共用して２つの混合要素１ｃ，１ｄを構成する。また、隣接する第２混合体２ｂと第３混合体２ｃは、１枚の第２の板４を共用して２つの混合要素１ｂ，１ｃを構成する。 More specifically, on the inlet 51 side of the casing 50, the second plate 4 is arranged, then the first mixing body 2a formed of three mixing elements 21 is arranged, and then the first plate 2 is formed. The plate 3 is provided. Then, the second mixture 2b, the second plate 4, the third mixture 2c, the first plate 3, the fourth mixture 2d, and the second plate 4 are sequentially arranged. Adjacent first mixing body 2a and second mixing body 2b share one first plate 3 to form two mixing elements 1a and 1b. Similarly, the adjoining third mixture body 2c and fourth mixture body 2d share one first plate 3 to form two mixing elements 1c and 1d. In addition, the adjacent second mixture 3b and third mixture 2c share one second plate 4 to form two mixing elements 1b and 1c.
混合ユニット１はケーシング５０内に、ボルト及びナットや弾性体等による適宜な方法により固定される。第１の板３、第２の板４及び混合体２による混合ユニット１も、ボルト及びナットのような適宜な固定手段により固定される。 The mixing unit 1 is fixed in the casing 50 by an appropriate method using bolts and nuts or elastic bodies. The mixing unit 1 including the first plate 3, the second plate 4 and the mixture 2 is also fixed by an appropriate fixing means such as a bolt and a nut.
各混合体２ａ〜２ｄを形成する混合エレメント２１は、例えば、混合エレメント２１ａ，２１ｂのように第１の貫通孔２２を複数有し、中央部に第２の板４の貫通孔４１の内径と略同一、かつ略同心である円形の第２の貫通孔２３を有している。混合エレメント２１が積層されることにより、第２の貫通孔２３は第１中空部２４ａ、第２中空部２４ｂ、第３中空部２４ｃ及び第４中空部２４ｄを構成する。 The mixing element 21 forming each of the mixing bodies 2a to 2d has a plurality of first through holes 22 like the mixing elements 21a and 21b, and has the inner diameter of the through hole 41 of the second plate 4 at the center. The circular second through holes 23 are substantially the same and are substantially concentric. By stacking the mixing elements 21, the second through hole 23 constitutes the first hollow portion 24a, the second hollow portion 24b, the third hollow portion 24c, and the fourth hollow portion 24d.
ケーシング５０の内周部と、第１混合体２ａ及び第２混合体２ｂの外周部との間には第１環状空間部５５ａが、並びに、第３混合体２ｃ及び第４混合体２ｄの外周部との間には第２環状空間部５５ｂが形成される。 A first annular space 55a is provided between the inner periphery of the casing 50 and the outer periphery of the first mixture 2a and the second mixture 2b, and the outer periphery of the third mixture 2c and the fourth mixture 2d. A second annular space portion 55b is formed between the first and second portions.
以上の構成を有する静的混合装置５Ａに、例えば、流体Ａは、適宜な圧送手段により入口５１から流入し、第１中空部２４ａに流入する。続いて、流体Ａは、第１中空部２４ａの内周面に開く第１の貫通孔２２から第１混合体２ａ内部に流入し、連通する第１の貫通孔２２を外周方向へ流通する。続いて、流体Ａは、第１混合体２ａの外周面に開く第１の貫通孔２２から流出し、第１環状空間部５５ａに流入する。 For example, the fluid A flows into the static mixing device 5A having the above configuration from the inlet 51 by a suitable pumping means and then flows into the first hollow portion 24a. Subsequently, the fluid A flows into the inside of the first mixture 2a from the first through hole 22 that opens in the inner peripheral surface of the first hollow portion 24a, and circulates through the communicating first through hole 22 in the outer peripheral direction. Subsequently, the fluid A flows out from the first through hole 22 opened on the outer peripheral surface of the first mixture 2a and then flows into the first annular space 55a.
続いて、流体Ａは、第２混合体２ｂの外周面に開く第１の貫通孔２２から第２混合体２ｂ内部に流入し、連通する第１の貫通孔２２を内周方向へ流通する。そして、流体Ａは、第２中空部２４ｂの内周面に開く第１の貫通孔２２から流出し、第２中空部２４ｂに流入する。 Then, the fluid A flows into the inside of the 2nd mixture 2b from the 1st penetration hole 22 opened to the outer peripheral surface of the 2nd mixture 2b, and circulates in the 1st penetration hole 22 which is open for free passage. Then, the fluid A flows out from the first through hole 22 opened on the inner peripheral surface of the second hollow portion 24b and then flows into the second hollow portion 24b.
その後、流体Ａは、第３中空部２４ｃ→第３混合体２ｃ→第２環状空間部５５ｂ→第４混合体２ｄ→第４中空部２４ｄを経由して出口５２から流出する。以上のように、流体Ａは、各混合体２ａ〜２ｄの内部を内周部から外周部へ、又は外周部から内周部へ放射状に、混合体２内部を連通する第１の貫通孔２２を流通することにより、半径方向及び積層方向に三次元的に分割と合流され効率的に混合される。以上により、静的混合装置５Ａの入口５１から流入した流体Ａは、良好に混合されて出口５２から流出する。 After that, the fluid A flows out from the outlet 52 via the third hollow portion 24c→the third mixture 2c→the second annular space portion 55b→the fourth mixture 2d→the fourth hollow portion 24d. As described above, the fluid A radiates the inside of each of the mixtures 2a to 2d from the inner peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion, or from the outer peripheral portion to the inner peripheral portion in a radial manner. By flowing through, the particles are three-dimensionally merged and divided in the radial direction and the stacking direction to be efficiently mixed. As described above, the fluid A flowing from the inlet 51 of the static mixing device 5A is mixed well and flows out from the outlet 52.
本静的混合装置５Ａを使用した流体の混合方法によれば、各混合体２ａ〜２ｄの両端部に対向配置されている第１の板３及び第２の板４により、流体Ａが混合体２内部を流れる方向を内周部から外周部へ、又は外周部から内周部へと変えることができる。そのため、流体Ａは、より多くの連通する第１の貫通孔２２を流通するので、さらに流体Ａの混合度を高めることができる。 According to the fluid mixing method using the static mixing apparatus 5A, the fluid A is mixed by the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 which are arranged opposite to each other at both ends of each of the mixtures 2a to 2d. 2 The direction of flow inside can be changed from the inner circumference to the outer circumference or from the outer circumference to the inner circumference. Therefore, the fluid A flows through a larger number of communicating first through holes 22, so that the mixing degree of the fluid A can be further increased.
また、各中空部２４ａ〜２４ｄ及び各環状空間部５５ａ，５５ｂは第１の貫通孔２２に対して十分な大きさを有するため、流体Ａが各中空部２４ａ〜２４ｄ及び各環状空間部５５ａ，５５ｂを流れる際の流動抵抗は、各混合体２ａ〜２ｄ内部を流れる際の流動抵抗と比較して小さい。従って、流体Ａは、混合エレメント２１の積層枚数が多い場合でも、積層方向の位置に関らず略均等に各混合エレメント２１の内周部又は外周部に到達し、各混合体２ａ〜２ｄ内部を内周部から外周部へ、又はその逆に外周部から内周部へ略均等に流れる。 Moreover, since each hollow part 24a-24d and each annular space part 55a, 55b have a sufficient size with respect to the 1st through-hole 22, the fluid A is each hollow part 24a-24d and each annular space part 55a,. The flow resistance when flowing through 55b is smaller than the flow resistance when flowing inside each of the mixtures 2a to 2d. Therefore, even when the number of the mixing elements 21 stacked is large, the fluid A reaches the inner peripheral portion or the outer peripheral portion of each mixing element 21 regardless of the position in the stacking direction, and the inside of each of the mixing bodies 2a to 2d. Flowing from the inner peripheral portion to the outer peripheral portion, or vice versa, from the outer peripheral portion to the inner peripheral portion.
（変形例１）
図１３は、形態２の変形例１による流体の混合方法において、静的混合装置５Ｂ内部を流体Ａが流れる様子を示した断面図である。本変形例１における静的混合装置５Ｂは、各混合体２ａ〜２ｄを構成する混合エレメント２１の外径がケーシング５０の内径と略同一であるため、図１２の静的混合装置５Ａと異なり環状空間部５５ａ，５５ｂを有しておらず、第１の板３の外径は、第２の板４や混合体２の外径よりも小さい。そのため、流体Ａは、第１混合体２ａと第２混合体２ｂとの間、第３混合体２ｃと第４混合体２ｄとの間では、外周部で互いに連通する第１の貫通孔２２間で流通する。
(Modification 1)
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing how the fluid A flows inside the static mixing device 5B in the fluid mixing method according to the first modification of the second embodiment. The static mixing device 5B according to the first modification has an annular shape, unlike the static mixing device 5A shown in FIG. 12, because the outer diameter of the mixing element 21 forming each of the mixing bodies 2a to 2d is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the casing 50. The outer diameter of the first plate 3 is smaller than the outer diameters of the second plate 4 and the mixture 2 without the spaces 55a and 55b. Therefore, the fluid A flows between the first through holes 22 that communicate with each other at the outer peripheral portion between the first mixture 2a and the second mixture 2b and between the third mixture 2c and the fourth mixture 2d. Distributed in.
このような構成によっても、流体Ａは、各混合体２ａ〜２ｄ内部の連通する第１の貫通孔２２を混合エレメント２１の延在する方向に流通することにより混合される。本変形例１では、混合エレメント２１の外径及び第２の板４の外径がケーシング５０の内径と略同一であるため、これらのケーシング５０の内部への設置が容易である。 Also with such a configuration, the fluid A is mixed by flowing through the communicating first through holes 22 in each of the mixing bodies 2a to 2d in the extending direction of the mixing element 21. In the present modification 1, since the outer diameter of the mixing element 21 and the outer diameter of the second plate 4 are substantially the same as the inner diameter of the casing 50, it is easy to install these inside the casing 50.
（変形例２）
図１４は、形態２の変形例２による流体の混合方法において、静的混合装置５Ｃ内部を流体Ａが流れる様子を示した断面図である。本変形例２における静的混合装置５Ｃでは、第１混合体２ａ〜第４混合体２ｄを構成する混合エレメント２１が第２の貫通孔２３を有さない点を除いては、図１３の静的混合装置５Ｂと同じである。本変形例２には、例えば、図９に示した混合エレメント２１ｊが適用される。
(Modification 2)
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing how the fluid A flows inside the static mixing device 5C in the fluid mixing method according to the second modification of the second embodiment. In the static mixing device 5C according to the present second modification, the static mixing device of FIG. 13 is used except that the mixing element 21 forming the first mixing body 2a to the fourth mixing body 2d does not have the second through hole 23. This is the same as the dynamic mixing device 5B. For example, the mixing element 21j shown in FIG. 9 is applied to the second modification.
このような構成によっても、流体Ａは、各混合体２ａ〜２ｄ内部の連通する第１の貫通孔２２を混合エレメント２１の延在する方向に流通することにより混合される。本変形例２では、混合エレメント２１の外径及び第２の板４の外径がケーシング５０の内径と略同一であるため、これらのケーシング５０の内部への設置が容易であり、また、混合エレメント２１が第２の貫通孔２３を有さないので製作が容易である。 Also with such a configuration, the fluid A is mixed by flowing through the communicating first through holes 22 in each of the mixing bodies 2a to 2d in the extending direction of the mixing element 21. In the second modification, since the outer diameter of the mixing element 21 and the outer diameter of the second plate 4 are substantially the same as the inner diameter of the casing 50, it is easy to install them inside the casing 50 and the mixing is performed. Since the element 21 does not have the second through hole 23, it is easy to manufacture.
本発明に係る流体の混合方法に使用される静的混合装置５は、混合ユニット１の形態及び各変形例と同様に上記の静的混合装置５の形態及び各変形例に限定されず、本発明の範囲内で変形して実施することができる。例えば、混合エレメント２１、第１の板３及び第２の板４の外周形状は特に円形には限定されない。外周形状が円形でなくても、いずれの発明を実施する上においては何の支障もないからである。 The static mixing device 5 used in the fluid mixing method according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described static mixing device 5 and the respective modified examples, like the mixing unit 1 and the modified examples. Modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. For example, the outer peripheral shapes of the mixing element 21, the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 are not particularly limited to circular shapes. Even if the outer peripheral shape is not circular, there is no problem in carrying out any of the inventions.
（実施形態）
（実験１）
本発明に係る流体の混合方法について、混合状態を測定した結果を以下に示す。図１５（ａ）は混合状態の測定に使用した実験装置で、図１５（ｂ）は混合状態の判断指標となる混合度ｂｍについて示したものである。
(Embodiment)
(Experiment 1)
The results of measuring the mixed state of the fluid mixing method according to the present invention are shown below. FIG. 15(a) shows an experimental apparatus used for measuring the mixed state, and FIG. 15(b) shows the degree of mixing bm which is an index for judging the mixed state.
図１５（ａ）に示されるミキサー取付部に、特許文献１に開示されている静的混合器（以下、「ケニックス型静的混合器」とする。）、又は本願流体の混合方法に使用される混合ユニット１を設置し、上流から内径２５ｍｍの塩ビ製配管により所定流量の水を供給して水の流れが安定した後に、水流中にマイクロフィーダー（図示せず）により着色した高粘性水溶液を注入した。ケニックス型静的混合器又は混合ユニット１の下流には、上流の塩ビ製配管と同じ内径２５ｍｍの透明アクリル製配管が設置され、波長５３２ｎｍのレーザーシート光が照射され、照射された配管断面における水と着色した高粘水性溶液の混合状況の画像を高速ビデオカメラにより撮影した。 It is used in the mixer attachment part shown in FIG. 15(a) for the static mixer disclosed in Patent Document 1 (hereinafter referred to as “Kenix type static mixer”) or for the method of mixing the fluid of the present application. The mixing unit 1 is installed, and a predetermined flow rate of water is supplied from the upstream through a pipe made of PVC having an inner diameter of 25 mm to stabilize the water flow. Then, a highly viscous aqueous solution colored by a micro feeder (not shown) is introduced into the water flow. Injected. Downstream of the Kenix type static mixer or the mixing unit 1, a transparent acrylic pipe having an inner diameter of 25 mm, which is the same as the upstream PVC pipe, is installed, and laser sheet light having a wavelength of 532 nm is irradiated, and water in the irradiated pipe cross section is irradiated. An image of the mixed state of the colored and highly viscous aqueous solution was taken by a high-speed video camera.
ケニックス型静的混合器は、内径２７ｍｍの配管内に長さ４１ｍｍのミキシングエレメントを６組備えたもので、フランジ部分を含めた全長は２７５ｍｍである。混合ユニット１は、図１６（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示される外径２１ｍｍ、内径１４ｍｍ、厚さ１ｍｍの混合エレメント２１ｋ及び２１ｍを１枚ずつ積層したものを一組とし、第２の板４の上流及び下流に各々５組ずつ配し、さらにその両端に第１の板３を配したものである。第２の板４の内径は混合エレメント２１の内径と同じ１４ｍｍ、第１の板３の外径は混合エレメント２１の外径と同じ２１ｍｍである。図１６（ｃ）は、図１６（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示される混合エレメント２１が積層した状態を示した平面図で、分かりやすくするために図１６（ａ）の混合エレメント２１を着色して示している。高粘性水溶液としては、ダイセル（株）製のＣＭＣ２２６０を水中に溶解させ、和光純薬工業（株）製ローダミンＢにより着色したものを使用した。 The Kenix type static mixer has 6 sets of 41 mm long mixing elements in a pipe having an inner diameter of 27 mm, and the total length including the flange portion is 275 mm. The mixing unit 1 includes a pair of mixing elements 21k and 21m each having an outer diameter of 21 mm, an inner diameter of 14 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm shown in FIGS. 5 sets are arranged on each of the upstream side and the downstream side, and the first plates 3 are further arranged on both ends thereof. The inner diameter of the second plate 4 is 14 mm, which is the same as the inner diameter of the mixing element 21, and the outer diameter of the first plate 3 is 21 mm, which is the same as the outer diameter of the mixing element 21. FIG. 16C is a plan view showing a state in which the mixing elements 21 shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B are stacked, and the mixing element 21 of FIG. 16A is colored for the sake of clarity. Is shown. As the highly viscous aqueous solution, CMC2260 manufactured by Daicel Corp. was dissolved in water and colored with Rhodamine B manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. was used.
図１５（ｂ）において、円形部の内部は、レーザーシート光が照射された透明アクリル製配管断面を高速ビデオカメラにより撮影した画像を画像処理プログラムにより処理したものである。ヒストグラムの横軸は蛍光領域の輝度ｂ、縦軸はピクセル数ｎであり、ヒストグラムは円形部の内部の画像において各輝度ｂのピクセル数ｎを示している。別途の測定により着色した高粘性水溶液の濃度が低いと輝度ｂが低く、逆に濃度が高いと輝度ｂが高いという関係が明らかである。そのため、高い輝度ｂを有するピクセルは高粘性水溶液の濃度が高い未混合領域を示し、低い輝度ｂを有するピクセルは高粘性水溶液の濃度が低い良好な混合領域を示す。配管断面の画像にある全ピクセルの輝度を平均した場合には、良好な混合領域まで混合指標の対象になってしまうため、全ピクセルのうち高輝度側から上位５０％のピクセルの輝度の平均値を混合度ｂｍとして混合状態の判断指標とした。 In FIG. 15B, the inside of the circular portion is an image obtained by processing an image of a cross section of the transparent acrylic pipe irradiated with the laser sheet light with a high-speed video camera with an image processing program. The horizontal axis of the histogram is the brightness b of the fluorescent region, the vertical axis is the pixel number n, and the histogram shows the pixel number n of each brightness b in the image inside the circular portion. It is clear from a separate measurement that when the concentration of the colored highly viscous aqueous solution is low, the brightness b is low, and conversely, when the concentration is high, the brightness b is high. Therefore, a pixel having a high brightness b indicates an unmixed region where the high-viscosity aqueous solution has a high concentration, and a pixel having a low brightness b indicates a good mixed region where the high-viscosity aqueous solution has a low concentration. When the brightness of all pixels in the image of the pipe cross section is averaged, even a good mixing area will be the target of the mixing index, so the average value of the brightness of the top 50% of pixels from the high brightness side among all the pixels. Was used as a judgment index of the mixed state.
表１に水流速０．５ｍ／ｓｅｃ．、着色高粘性水溶液中のＣＭＣ濃度０．７５重量％（粘度約３００ｍＰａ・ｓ）、水に対する着色高粘性水溶液濃度０．２重量％における混合度ｂｍを示した。表２には、表１の実験条件から着色高粘性水溶液中のＣＭＣ濃度を１．５重量％（粘度約１０００ｍＰａ・ｓ）に変更した場合の混合度ｂｍを示した。
表１及び表２から、断面画像により算出された混合度ｂｍについては、混合ユニット１出口のｂｍがケニックス型静的混合器出口のｂｍより低く、流体の混合性能において混合ユニット１がケニックス型静的混合器より優れた混合性能を示していることが分かる。これは、ケニックス型静的混合器は、流体を管軸中心を通り配管断面を２分割する１本の直線として存在するミキシングエレメントにより平面的に２分割するだけであるのに対し、混合ユニット１は、流体を半径方向への二次元的（平面的）な分割と合流だけではなく、混合エレメント２１の層厚方向にも分割と合流が行われ、三次元的に分割と合流が行われるからである。水と着色高粘性水溶液の流量の差が大きいため、混合度ｂｍの差が顕著に現れている。 From Tables 1 and 2, regarding the mixing degree bm calculated from the cross-sectional images, the bm at the outlet of the mixing unit 1 is lower than the bm at the outlet of the Kenix type static mixer, and the mixing unit 1 has a static mixing performance of the Kenix type in terms of fluid mixing performance. It can be seen that the mixing performance is superior to that of the static mixer. This is because the Kenix type static mixer only divides the fluid into two planes by a mixing element that exists as one straight line that divides the pipe cross section into two by passing through the center of the pipe axis. The reason is that not only two-dimensional (planar) splitting and joining of the fluid in the radial direction but also splitting and joining in the layer thickness direction of the mixing element 21 are performed, and splitting and joining are performed three-dimensionally. Is. Since the difference in flow rate between water and the colored highly viscous aqueous solution is large, the difference in mixing degree bm is remarkable.
なお、表１及び表２に示された実験結果は水に対する着色高粘性水溶液の濃度が０．２重量％における混合度ｂｍであるが、０．２重量％より高くても低くてもよい。また、着色高粘性水溶液の粘度は約３００〜１０００ｍＰａ・ｓであるが、約３００〜１０００ｍＰａ・ｓより高くても低くてもよい。 The experimental results shown in Tables 1 and 2 show the mixing degree bm when the concentration of the colored highly viscous aqueous solution in water is 0.2% by weight, but it may be higher or lower than 0.2% by weight. The viscosity of the colored highly viscous aqueous solution is about 300 to 1000 mPa·s, but it may be higher or lower than about 300 to 1000 mPa·s.
（実験２）
実験２は、水に対する着色高粘性水溶液（ダイセル社製のＣＭＣ２２６０、着色高粘性水溶液中のＣＭＣ濃度０．７５重量％）の濃度が０．０１重量％となる超低濃度又は超小流量の割合で混合した場合について、混合特性を評価した。
ここで、着色物質のローダミンＢ（和光純薬工業社製）が水中にすみやかに溶解して高粘性水溶液と同一の拡散挙動をとらないおそれがあり、高粘性水溶液の濃厚な部分が小さいとその存在が抽出されないおそれがある。そこで、着色物質には、ローダミンＢに代えて疎水性物質であるクラチ社製のＫＲＣ−Ｆ０３０を使用した。また、配管断面の画像撮影において、デジタルカメラの特性より着色物質が無い部分でも輝度が一定値を示すことがあるため、配管断面の画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度（０〜２５５）がしきい値３０以上のピクセル（画素）を蛍光画素とした。さらに、混合状態の判断には、以下の評価指標（分散度、中央濃度、最大濃度、濃厚塊の大きさ、偏在度）を定義した。その他は、上記実験１と同様の実験方法により行った。
(Experiment 2)
In Experiment 2, the ratio of the ultra-low concentration or ultra-low flow rate at which the concentration of the colored highly viscous aqueous solution (CMC2260 manufactured by Daicel Co., Ltd., CMC concentration 0.75% by weight in the colored highly viscous aqueous solution) with respect to water was 0.01% by weight. The mixing characteristics were evaluated for the case of mixing in.
Here, the coloring substance Rhodamine B (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) may be promptly dissolved in water and may not have the same diffusion behavior as that of the highly viscous aqueous solution. Presence may not be extracted. Therefore, as the coloring substance, KRC-F030 manufactured by Kurachi Co., Ltd., which is a hydrophobic substance, was used in place of Rhodamine B. In addition, when capturing an image of a pipe cross section, the luminance may show a constant value even in a portion where there is no coloring substance due to the characteristics of the digital camera. 30 or more pixels (pixels) were fluorescent pixels. Furthermore, the following evaluation indexes (dispersion degree, central concentration, maximum concentration, size of dense lump, degree of uneven distribution) were defined for the determination of the mixed state. Others were the same as those in Experiment 1 above.
（１）分散度：Ｍ
蛍光画素数を配管断面の全画素数に対する百分率として表したものを分散度Ｍとした。この分散度Ｍは、配管内において混合による流体の拡がりを表す指標となり、分散度Ｍが高いほど流体の混合性能が高いと評価できる。
(1) Dispersion: M
The degree of dispersion M was expressed as the percentage of the number of fluorescent pixels with respect to the total number of pixels in the pipe cross section. The dispersity M is an index representing the spread of the fluid due to mixing in the pipe, and it can be evaluated that the higher the dispersity M, the higher the fluid mixing performance.
（２）中央濃度：ｂmed
蛍光画素の輝度の中央値を中央濃度ｂmedとした。この中央濃度ｂmedは、蛍光画素の輝度の平均値に比べて外れ値の影響を受けにくく画像の代表的な輝度と言えるので混合による流体の代表濃度を表す指標となり、中央濃度ｂmedが小さいほど流体の混合性能が高いと評価できる。
(2) Central concentration: bmed
The median value of the brightness of the fluorescent pixels was defined as the median density bmed. This central density bmed is less likely to be affected by the outliers than the average value of the brightness of the fluorescent pixels and can be said to be the typical brightness of the image, and therefore serves as an index representing the typical density of the fluid due to mixing. It can be evaluated that the mixing performance of is high.
（３）最大濃度：ｂ’max
各輝度（ｂ＝０〜２５５）の画素数ｎ（ｂ）に対して指数関数的に重み付けしたｎ’（ｂ）＝ｎ（ｂ）ｂ／２５５を定義し、ｎ’（ｂ）が最大となる輝度を最大濃度ｂ’maxとした。この最大濃度ｂ’maxは、輝度が高く濃厚な塊の存在を示す指標となり、最大濃度ｂ’maxが小さいほど流体の混合性能が高いと評価できる。
(3) Maximum concentration: b'max
An exponentially weighted n'(b)=n(b) b/255 is defined for the number of pixels n(b) of each luminance (b=0 to 255), and n'(b) is the maximum. Then, the maximum density b'max was obtained. This maximum concentration b'max serves as an index indicating the presence of a dense lump with high brightness, and it can be evaluated that the smaller the maximum concentration b'max, the higher the fluid mixing performance.
（４）濃厚塊の大きさ：Ｌ
最大濃度ｂ’maxを決定する際に用いたｎ’（ｂ）を基に、中央濃度ｂmed＋３０をしきい値として抽出した各々の濃厚塊についてその蛍光画素数を配管断面の全画素数に対する百分率として表したものを濃厚塊の大きさＬとした。この場合、濃厚塊の大きさＬの大きい順に５個を抽出した。濃厚塊の大きさＬは、小さいほど流体の混合性能が高いと評価できる。
(4) Size of thick lump: L
Based on n'(b) used when determining the maximum concentration b'max, the number of fluorescent pixels of each concentrated lump extracted with the central concentration bmed+30 as a threshold is expressed as a percentage of the total number of pixels in the pipe cross section. The size shown is the size L of the thick lump. In this case, five pieces were extracted in descending order of the size L of the thick lump. It can be evaluated that the smaller the size L of the dense lump, the higher the fluid mixing performance.
（５）偏在度：Ｄev.
本流の流体に対して比重の異なる他の流体を混合した場合、比重差に応じて混合した他の流体が偏在し、ある程度の大きさ（塊）になって存在するので、塊の偏りを表す指標として偏在度Ｄev.を、以下のようにして求めた。
配管断面の画像の各画素に対して下部から上部にかけて−１から１の位置情報ｐを与える。
混合する他の流体の偏在は濃度差として現れるため、各位置情報ｐに対して輝度によって重み付けしたｐ’＝ｂ／ｂmaxを求める。ここで、ｂmaxは各画像における輝度ｂの最大値である。ｐ’は混合した流体の塊が高濃度かつ中心から離れるほど高くなるので、各画素のｐ’について最大値ｐ’maxおよび最小値ｐ’minを求める。塊の大きさを反映させるため、最大値ｐ’max±０．５の画素、最小値ｐ’min±０．５の画素に対してｐ’の中央値を算出し、それぞれｐ’max±0.5、ｐ’min±0.5とする。偏在の程度は蛍光画素数に依存するため、蛍光画素数の２．５％をｎ2.5、ｐ’＝ｐ’max±０．５の画素数をｎmax±0.5とし、ｐ’maxに対してｎ2.5を用いて補正したｐ’max,c、及びｐ’minも同様にしてｐ’min,cを、以下のように場合分けして求める。
(5) Uneven distribution: Dev.
When other fluids with different specific gravities are mixed with the mainstream fluid, the other fluids mixed according to the difference in specific gravity are unevenly distributed and have a certain size (lump). The uneven distribution degree Dev. was obtained as an index as follows.
Position information p from -1 to 1 is given from the lower part to the upper part for each pixel of the image of the pipe cross section.
Since uneven distribution of other fluids to be mixed appears as a concentration difference, p′=b/bmax weighted by brightness is obtained for each position information p. Here, bmax is the maximum value of the brightness b in each image. Since p′ becomes higher as the concentration of the mixed fluid mass increases and the distance from the center increases, the maximum value p′max and the minimum value p′min of p′ of each pixel are obtained. To reflect the magnitude of the masses, 'calculates the median of each p' p pixels of the maximum value P'max ± 0.5, relative to the pixel of the minimum value p'min ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 , P'min ± 0.5 . Since the degree of uneven distribution depends on the number of fluorescent pixels, 2.5% of the number of fluorescent pixels is set to n 2.5 , and the number of pixels of p′=p′max±0.5 is set to n max±0.5 . p'max corrected using the n 2.5, c, and p'min are similarly p'min, a c, obtained by case analysis as follows.
そして、ｐ’max,cとｐ’min,cの和を偏在度Ｄev.とした。この偏在度Ｄev.は、−１から１の値であり、その絶対値が１に近づくほど混合した他の流体の塊が偏在していると評価でき、一方、絶対値が０に近づくほど混合した流体の均一化が進んでおり流体の混合性能が高いと評価できる。 Then, the sum of p'max,c and p'min,c is defined as the uneven distribution degree Dev. The degree of uneven distribution Dev. is a value from -1 to 1, and it can be evaluated that the mass of the other fluid mixed is unevenly distributed as the absolute value approaches 1, while the unevenness Dev. is mixed as the absolute value approaches 0. It can be evaluated that the fluid mixing performance is high and the fluid mixing performance is high.
実験において、配管断面の画像のうち蛍光画素が多く現れた１０枚の画像に対して、上記の評価指標を求め、その平均値を求めた。表３に評価指標の結果を示した。なお、濃厚塊の大きさＬは最大のものを示した。 In the experiment, the above-mentioned evaluation index was calculated for 10 images in which many fluorescent pixels appeared among the images of the pipe cross section, and the average value thereof was calculated. Table 3 shows the evaluation index results. The size L of the thick lump showed the maximum size.
表３より、中央濃度、偏在度について、ケニックス型静的混合器と、混合ユニット（実施例）との間で大差はなかった。分散度について、混合ユニットはケニックス型静的混合器よりも高く、流体の拡散性能に優れてることがわかる。また、最大濃度について、混合ユニットはケニックス型静的混合器よりも低く、且つ濃厚塊の大きさでは、混合ユニット
がケニックス型静的混合器よりも小さくなっていたことから、混合ユニットは、ケニックス型静的混合器よりも流体の分割性能に優れていることがわかる。従って、混合する流体が０．０１重量％の割合の低濃度又は小流量の流体の混合方法において、混合ユニットは、ケニックス型静的混合器よりも優れた混合性能を発揮することがわかった。
From Table 3, regarding the central concentration and the uneven distribution, there was no great difference between the Kenix type static mixer and the mixing unit (Example). Regarding the degree of dispersion, the mixing unit is higher than the Kenix type static mixer, and it can be seen that the fluid diffusion performance is excellent. Regarding the maximum concentration, the mixing unit was lower than the Kenix type static mixer, and in terms of the size of the thick lump, the mixing unit was smaller than the Kenix type static mixer. It can be seen that the fluid dividing performance is superior to that of the static mixer. Therefore, it was found that the mixing unit exhibits superior mixing performance to the Kenix type static mixer in the mixing method of the fluid having a low concentration or a small flow rate of 0.01% by weight of the fluid to be mixed.
（実験３）
実験３は、着色高粘性水溶液としてカルボキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ２２６０）水溶液に比べて水との相溶性が高いグリセリン（粘度約８８０ｍＰａ・ｓ）を使用し、また、水に対するグリセリン（着色高粘性水溶液）の濃度が０．０１重量％となる割合で混合した場合について、混合特性を評価した。
グリセリンの着色物質は、和光純薬工業社製のローダミンＢを使用した。また、混合状態の判断には、分散度、中央濃度、最大濃度によって混合特性を評価した。その他は、上記実験２と同様の実験方法により行った。表４に評価指標の結果を示した。
(Experiment 3)
Experiment 3 uses glycerin (viscosity about 880 mPa·s), which has a higher compatibility with water than the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC2260) aqueous solution, as the colored highly viscous aqueous solution, and the concentration of glycerin (colored highly viscous aqueous solution) in water. The mixing characteristics were evaluated in the case of mixing at a ratio of 0.01% by weight.
As the coloring substance of glycerin, Rhodamine B manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was used. To judge the mixed state, the mixing characteristics were evaluated by the dispersity, the central density, and the maximum density. Others were the same as those in Experiment 2 above. Table 4 shows the evaluation index results.
表４より、グリセリンは、ミキサー無しの場合でも分散度が１００%となり、水中ですみやかに溶解していた。中央濃度、最大濃度について、混合ユニットは、ケニックス型静的混合器に比べて小さく、流体を均等に分散させる性能、細かく分割する性能が高いことがわかる。従って、混合ユニットは、低濃度又は小流量であり且つ相溶性が高い流体同士の混合方法においても優れた混合性能を発揮することがわかった。 From Table 4, glycerin had a dispersity of 100% even without a mixer and was rapidly dissolved in water. Regarding the central concentration and the maximum concentration, it can be seen that the mixing unit is smaller than the Kenix type static mixer, and the performance of evenly dispersing the fluid and the performance of finely dividing the fluid are high. Therefore, it has been found that the mixing unit exhibits excellent mixing performance even in a method of mixing fluids having a low concentration or a small flow rate and high compatibility.
（実験４）
実験４は、着色高粘性流体として水とは疎水性の流体である食用油（日清オイリオ社製）を使用し、また、水に対する食用油の濃度が０．０１重量％となる割合で混合した場合について、配管断面の撮影画像における食用油の濃厚塊の鉛直方向の径（粒子径）を測定し、混合特性を評価した。
表５に食用油の粒子径を示した。なお、表中、Ｄ１０は粒度分布における頻度の累計１０％の粒子径であり、Ｄ５０は粒度分布における頻度の累計５０％の粒子径（メジアン径）であり、Ｄ９０は粒度分布における頻度の累計９０％の粒子径である。
(Experiment 4)
In Experiment 4, edible oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oilio Co., Ltd.), which is a hydrophobic fluid with water, was used as the colored highly viscous fluid, and the edible oil was mixed at a concentration of 0.01% by weight with respect to water. In this case, the vertical diameter (particle diameter) of the concentrated edible oil mass in the photographed image of the pipe cross section was measured, and the mixing characteristics were evaluated.
Table 5 shows the particle size of the edible oil. In the table, D10 is a particle size of 10% of the cumulative frequency in the particle size distribution, D50 is a particle size (median size) of the cumulative frequency of 50% in the particle size distribution, and D90 is a cumulative frequency of 90% in the particle size distribution. % Particle size.
配管断面の画像を観察したところ、食用油（着色高粘性流体）の濃厚塊は、ミキサー無しでは配管上部に存在していたが、ケニックス型静的混合器では全体に小さく存在し、混合ユニットでは全体にさらに細分化されて存在していた。
表５より、食用油の粒子径は、Ｄ１０、Ｄ５０、Ｄ９０のいずれも、混合ユニットがケニックス型静的混合器よりも小さく、食用油を細分化する性能に優れることがわかる。また、混合ユニットではＤ１０、Ｄ５０、Ｄ９０が接近し、シャープな粒度分布を示すことから、食用油の微細化と均一化が進んでいることがかわる。従って、混合ユニットは、低濃度又は小流量であり且つ水と油のような疎水性の流体の混合方法においても優れた混合性能を発揮することがわかった。
When observing the image of the cross section of the pipe, a thick lump of edible oil (colored highly viscous fluid) was present in the upper part of the pipe without the mixer, but in the Kenix type static mixer, it was small overall and in the mixing unit. It was subdivided into the whole and existed.
From Table 5, it can be seen that the particle size of the edible oil is smaller than that of the Kenix type static mixer in all of D10, D50, and D90, and the edible oil is excellent in the ability to subdivide the edible oil. Further, in the mixing unit, D10, D50, and D90 are close to each other and show a sharp particle size distribution, which means that the edible oil is becoming finer and more uniform. Therefore, it was found that the mixing unit exerts excellent mixing performance even in a method of mixing a hydrophobic fluid such as water and oil with a low concentration or a small flow rate.
（その他）
混合される流体Ａは、気体や液体に限定されるものではなく、気体と液体の混合物、気体や液体と粒状物質のような固体との混合物あるいはその他であってもよい。
(Other)
The fluid A to be mixed is not limited to gas or liquid, but may be a mixture of gas and liquid, a mixture of gas or liquid and solid such as granular material, or the like.
用途としては、大流量の流体中への小流量の流体の混合が必要とされる中和、水処理における液体凝集剤の溶解、飲料への香料等微量成分の混合等の操作が挙げられる。また、流体中の各成分の濃度分布を均一にする用途以外にも、例えば、温度が異なる同一種の流体を混合して均一な温度とする用途にも適用することができる。 Examples of applications include operations such as neutralization that requires mixing a small flow rate of a fluid into a large flow rate of fluid, dissolution of a liquid flocculant in water treatment, and mixing of trace components such as flavors into a beverage. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to the application of making the concentration distribution of each component in the fluid uniform, but also to the application of mixing the same kind of fluids having different temperatures to obtain a uniform temperature.
以上に開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考慮されるべきである。本発明の範囲は、以上の実施の形態ではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての修正や変形を含むものである。 It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed above are illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above embodiment but by the scope of the claims, and includes meaning equivalent to the scope of the claims and all modifications and variations within the scope.
１ 混合ユニット
２ 混合体
３ 第１の板
４ 第２の板
５ 静的混合装置
２１ 混合エレメント
２２ 第１の貫通孔
２３ 第２の貫通孔
２４ 中空部
４１ （第２の板の）貫通孔
５５ 環状空間部
Ａ，Ｂ 流体
1 Mixing Unit 2 Mixture 3 First Plate 4 Second Plate 5 Static Mixing Device 21 Mixing Element 22 First Through Hole 23 Second Through Hole 24 Hollow Part 41 (Second Plate) Through Hole 55 Annular space A, B Fluid
Claims (7)
ミキサー取付部に前記混合装置を設置し、前記ミキサー取付部の上流に設置する配管により所定流量の水を供給して水の流れが安定した後に水流中に着色した水溶液を注入し、前記ミキサー取付部の下流に前記上流側の配管と同じ内径を有する透明配管を設置し、前記透明配管の管径方向からレーザーシート光を照射して該透明配管の配管断面画像をカメラにより撮影し、
前記配管断面画像を前記円形画像として画像処理プログラムにより処理してピクセルの輝度を求め、全ピクセルのうち高輝度側から上位５０％のピクセルの輝度の平均値を混合度ｂｍとして流体の混合状態の判断指標とする、混合性能測定方法。 The mixing performance measuring method according to claim 1,
The mixing device is installed in the mixer mounting part, and a predetermined amount of water is supplied through a pipe installed upstream of the mixer mounting part to inject a colored aqueous solution into the water flow after the water flow is stabilized. A transparent pipe having the same inner diameter as the upstream pipe is installed downstream of the section, and a pipe cross-sectional image of the transparent pipe is shot by a camera by irradiating a laser sheet light from the pipe radial direction of the transparent pipe,
The pipe cross-sectional image is processed as the circular image by an image processing program to obtain the brightness of the pixel, and the average value of the brightness of the pixels of the upper 50% from the high brightness side of all the pixels is set as the mixing degree bm to determine the fluid mixing state. A method for measuring mixing performance, which is used as a judgment index.
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
前記蛍光画素の画素数を前記円形画像の全画素数に対する百分率として表したものを分散度Ｍとし、当該分散度Ｍを混合による流体の拡がりを表す指標とする、混合性能測定方法。 In the mixing performance measuring method according to claim 1 or 2,
Of all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
A mixing performance measuring method, wherein the number of fluorescent pixels is expressed as a percentage with respect to the total number of pixels of the circular image, and the degree of dispersion M is used as an index indicating the spread of fluid due to mixing.
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
前記蛍光画素の輝度の中央値を中央濃度ｂmedとし、当該中央濃度ｂmedを混合による流体の代表濃度を表す指標とする、混合性能測定方法。 The mixing performance measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Of all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
A mixing performance measuring method, wherein a median value of brightness of the fluorescent pixels is defined as a median concentration bmed, and the median concentration bmed is used as an index representing a representative concentration of a fluid by mixing.
前記円形画像の全ピクセルの各輝度（ｂ＝０〜２５５）での画素数ｎ（ｂ）に対して指数関数的に重み付けしたｎ’（ｂ）＝ｎ（ｂ）ｂ／２５５を定義し、このｎ’（ｂ）が最大となる輝度を最大濃度ｂ’maxとし、当該最大濃度ｂ’maxを濃厚な塊の存在を示す指標とする、混合性能測定方法。 The mixing performance measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Defining n′(b)=n(b) b/255, which is exponentially weighted with respect to the number of pixels n(b) at each luminance (b=0 to 255) of all pixels of the circular image, A method for measuring mixing performance, in which the luminance at which n'(b) is maximum is defined as maximum density b'max, and the maximum density b'max is used as an index indicating the presence of a thick lump.
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
前記円形画像の全ピクセルの各輝度（ｂ＝０〜２５５）での画素数ｎ（ｂ）に対して指数関数的に重み付けしたｎ’（ｂ）＝ｎ（ｂ）ｂ／２５５を基に、このｎ’（ｂ）の中央値を中央濃度ｂmedとし、この中央濃度ｂmed＋３０をしきい値として抽出した各々の濃厚塊について前記蛍光画素数を前記円形画像の全画素数に対する百分率として表したものを濃厚塊の大きさＬとする、混合性能測定方法。 The mixing performance measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Of all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
Based on n′(b)=n(b) b/255, which is exponentially weighted to the number of pixels n(b) at each luminance (b=0 to 255) of all pixels of the circular image, The median value of this n′(b) is defined as the median density bmed, and the number of the fluorescent pixels in each concentrated block extracted with the median density bmed+30 as a threshold is expressed as a percentage of the total number of pixels of the circular image. A method for measuring mixing performance, in which the size L of a thick lump is used.
前記円形画像の全ピクセルのうち輝度が所定しきい値以上のピクセルを蛍光画素とし、
本流の水に対して比重の異なる他の流体を混合した場合、比重差に応じて混合した他の流体が塊になって存在するこの塊の偏りを表す指標として偏在度Ｄev.を、以下のようにして求める、混合性能測定方法。
前記円形画像の各画素に対して下部から上部にかけて−１から１の位置情報ｐを与え、各位置情報ｐに対して輝度によって重み付けしたｐ’＝ｂ／ｂmaxを求める（ここで、ｂmaxは各画素における輝度ｂの最大値である。）。
各画素のｐ’について最大値ｐ’maxおよび最小値ｐ’minを求め、最大値ｐ’max±０．５の画素、最小値ｐ’min±０．５の画素に対してｐ’の中央値を算出し、それぞれｐ’max±0.5、ｐ’min±0.5とする。
前記蛍光画素数の２．５％をｎ2.5、ｐ’＝ｐ’max±０．５の画素数をｎmax±0.5とし、ｐ’maxに対してｎ2.5を用いて補正したｐ’max,c、及びｐ’minに対してｎ2.5を用いて補正したｐ’min,cを、以下のように場合分けして求め、ｐ’max,cとｐ’min,cの和が−１から１の値で示される偏在度Ｄev.とする。
The mixing performance measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Of all the pixels of the circular image, the luminance is a pixel having a predetermined threshold value or more as a fluorescent pixel,
When other fluids having different specific gravities are mixed with the mainstream water, the uneven distribution degree Dev. A method for measuring mixing performance, which is obtained in this way.
Position information p of -1 to 1 is given to each pixel of the circular image from the lower part to the upper part, and p'=b/bmax weighted by the brightness is obtained for each position information p (where, bmax is each It is the maximum value of the brightness b in the pixel.).
The maximum value p'max and the minimum value p'min are obtained for p'of each pixel, and the pixel of the maximum value p'max ±0.5 and the pixel of the minimum value p'min ±0.5 is the center of p' calculating a value, each p 'max ± 0.5, p' and min ± 0.5.
2.5% of the number of fluorescent pixels is set to n 2.5 , the number of pixels of p′=p′max±0.5 is set to n max±0.5, and p′max corrected using n 2.5 with respect to p′max, c and p'min,c corrected using n 2.5 for p'min are obtained by dividing the cases as follows, and the sum of p'max,c and p'min,c is from -1. The uneven distribution degree Dev.
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