JP2020122293A - Method for simultaneously improving contaminated soil and constructing foundation of overlaid structure - Google Patents
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本発明は、汚染土壌の改良と上載構造物を支持する基礎の構築とを同時に行う施工方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a construction method for simultaneously improving contaminated soil and constructing a foundation for supporting an overlaid structure.
従来より、例えば六価クロムなどの重金属に汚染された土壌を改良するための各種の方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１、２など）。一方で、腐植土や火山灰質粘性土などの軟弱な地盤を安定化させ、上載構造物を支持する基礎を構築するための地盤改良剤や工法が数多く開発されている（例えば、特許文献３−６）。具体的には、例えば、地盤に深く掘削されたボーリング孔内に、固化材（地盤改良材）を水で溶いたセメントミルク（スラリー）を注入し、地盤とセメントミルクとを攪拌混合して固化する深層混合処理工法が開発されている。 Conventionally, various methods for improving soil contaminated with heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium have been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). On the other hand, many ground improvement agents and construction methods have been developed for stabilizing soft ground such as humus soil and volcanic ash cohesive soil, and for constructing a foundation for supporting overlaid structures (for example, Patent Document 3- 6). Specifically, for example, cement milk (slurry) in which a solidifying material (ground improving material) is dissolved in water is injected into a boring hole deeply drilled in the ground, and the ground and cement milk are stirred and mixed to solidify. A deep mixing method has been developed.
しかしながら、汚染土壌を含む土地に上載構造物を建設する場合、現状では、例えば特許文献１、２などのような方法で汚染土壌を改良（無害化）した後、上載構造物の基礎を設計して、改めてその基礎を構築している。このため、施工期間が長期化するとともに、施工コストを抑制することが難しいという問題がある。 However, when constructing an overlaid structure on a land containing contaminated soil, at present, after improving (detoxifying) the contaminated soil by a method such as Patent Documents 1 and 2, the foundation of the overlaid structure is designed. I am building the foundation again. Therefore, there is a problem that the construction period becomes long and it is difficult to suppress the construction cost.
本発明は、以上のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、改良処理が必要とされる汚染土壌に上載構造物を支持する基礎を構築する場合において、施工期間を短縮でき、施工コストを抑制することが可能な施工方法を提供することを課題としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, in the case of constructing a foundation that supports the overlaid structure in the contaminated soil that requires improvement treatment, the construction period can be shortened, and the construction cost can be reduced. It is an object to provide a construction method that can be suppressed.
本発明は、汚染土壌の改良と上載構造物を支持する基礎の構築とを同時に行う施工方法であって、
汚染土壌に対して、高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含む土壌改良材を投入し、混合攪拌する土壌改良工程、および、
前記土壌改良材によって、地中に、杭状のソイルセメントコラムからなる基礎を構築する基礎構築工程
を含むことを特徴としている。
The present invention is a construction method for simultaneously improving a contaminated soil and constructing a foundation for supporting an overlaid structure,
For contaminated soil, a blast furnace slag, a soil improving step of adding a soil improving material containing Portland cement and gypsum as a main component, mixing and stirring, and,
It is characterized by including a foundation construction step of constructing a foundation composed of a pile-shaped soil cement column in the ground by the soil improving material.
この施工方法では、前記土壌改良材は、高炉スラグが３５重量％〜４７．５重量％、ポルトランドセメントが３５重量％〜４７．５重量％および石膏が５重量％〜３０重量％配合されていることが好ましい。 In this construction method, the soil conditioner contains 35 wt% to 47.5 wt% of blast furnace slag, 35 wt% to 47.5 wt% of Portland cement and 5 wt% to 30 wt% of gypsum. It is preferable.
本発明の施工方法によれば、改良処理が必要とされる汚染土壌に上載構造物を支持する基礎を構築する場合において、施工期間を短縮でき、施工コストを抑制することができる。 According to the construction method of the present invention, the construction period can be shortened and the construction cost can be suppressed in the case of constructing the foundation for supporting the overlaid structure on the contaminated soil requiring the improvement treatment.
本発明の施工方法の一実施形態について説明する。 An embodiment of the construction method of the present invention will be described.
この施工方法は、汚染土壌の改良（無害化）と上載構造物を支持する基礎の構築とを同時に行うものである。そして、この施工方法は、
汚染土壌に対して、高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含む土壌改良材を投入し、混合攪拌する土壌改良工程、および、
土壌改良材によって、地中に、杭状のソイルセメントコラムからなる基礎を構築する基礎構築工程
を含む。
This construction method simultaneously improves the contaminated soil (detoxifies it) and builds a foundation that supports the overlaid structure. And this construction method is
For contaminated soil, a blast furnace slag, a soil improving step of adding a soil improving material containing Portland cement and gypsum as a main component, mixing and stirring, and,
Includes a foundation construction process that constructs a foundation consisting of pile-shaped soil cement columns in the ground with soil improvement material.
ここで、上述した「同時に行う」とは、土壌改良工程の後に基礎を設計する工程などを経ることなく、土壌改良工程と基礎構築工程とが順次連続して実施される形態や、無害化工程と基礎構築工程とが実質的に同時に進行する形態などを言う。 Here, the above-mentioned "to be performed at the same time" means a mode in which the soil improvement step and the foundation construction step are successively carried out sequentially without passing through the step of designing the foundation after the soil improvement step, or a detoxification step. And the basic construction process proceed substantially at the same time.
以下、本発明の施工方法の各工程について説明する。 Hereinafter, each step of the construction method of the present invention will be described.
土壌改良工程では、汚染土壌に対して、高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含む土壌改良材を投入し、混合攪拌することで汚染土壌を改良する。 In the soil improvement step, the soil improver containing blast furnace slag, Portland cement and gypsum as main components is added to the contaminated soil and mixed and stirred to improve the contaminated soil.
この施工方法が対象とする土壌は、例えば腐植土（ピート、高有機質土など）、火山灰質粘性土（関東ローム、黒ぼく、赤ぼくなど）などの軟弱な地盤を例示することができる。 Examples of the soil targeted by this construction method include soft ground such as humus soil (peat, highly organic soil, etc.) and volcanic ash cohesive soil (Kanto loam, Kuroboku, Akaboku, etc.).
この施工方法が対象とする土壌は、例えば六価クロム、カドミウム（Cd）など重金属に汚染されており、土壌改良処理（無害化処理）が必要とされているものである。また、この施工方法では、重金属のみならず、例えば、ダイオキシンなどの有機物からなる汚染物質を含んでいる汚染土壌も対象とすることができる。汚染されている土壌の範囲も特に限定されず、例えば、地盤の浅層（例えば深さ１〜２ｍ）でもよいし、地盤の深層（例えば３ｍ以上）でもよい。 The soil targeted by this construction method is contaminated with heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium and cadmium (Cd), and requires soil improvement treatment (detoxification treatment). Further, this construction method can be applied to not only heavy metals but also contaminated soil containing pollutants composed of organic substances such as dioxins. The range of contaminated soil is not particularly limited, and may be a shallow layer of the ground (for example, a depth of 1 to 2 m) or a deep layer of the ground (for example, 3 m or more).
高炉スラグは、溶融スラグを加圧水により急冷、粒状化（水砕）したもの（急冷高炉スラグ）であることが好ましい。高炉スラグの比表面積はブレーン値で３０００〜１２０００ｃｍ２／ｇの範囲を好ましく例示することができる。また、高炉スラグの配合量は、土壌改良材全体に対して３５重量％〜４７．５重量％の範囲を好ましく例示することができる。 The blast furnace slag is preferably a molten slag rapidly cooled with pressurized water and granulated (water granulated) (quenched blast furnace slag). The specific surface area of the blast furnace slag is preferably in the range of 3000 to 12000 cm 2 /g in terms of Blaine value. Further, the blending amount of the blast furnace slag can be preferably exemplified in the range of 35% by weight to 47.5% by weight with respect to the entire soil conditioner.
ポルトランドセメントとしては、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメントなどを例示することができる。ポルトランドセメントの配合量は、土壌改良材全体に対して３５重量％〜４７．５重量％の範囲を好ましく例示することができる。 Examples of Portland cement include normal Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, and moderate heat Portland cement. The blending amount of Portland cement is preferably in the range of 35% by weight to 47.5% by weight with respect to the entire soil conditioner.
石膏（硫酸カルシウム・2水和物（CaSO4・2H2O））は、例えば天然石膏でもよいし、原材料に何らかの処理を行った際に副産物として発生する石膏などであってもよい。また、無水石膏に、半水石膏、二水石膏、粘土鉱物などの不純物が混入したものでもよい。石膏の配合量は、土壌改良材全体に対して５重量％〜３０重量％の範囲を好ましく例示することができる。 The gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4 2H 2 O)) may be, for example, natural gypsum, or gypsum generated as a by-product when the raw material is subjected to some treatment. In addition, anhydrous gypsum may be mixed with impurities such as hemihydrate gypsum, gypsum dihydrate, and clay minerals. The compounding amount of gypsum can be preferably exemplified in the range of 5% by weight to 30% by weight with respect to the entire soil conditioner.
使用する土壌改良材の量や、土壌改良材に含まれる高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏の配合は、汚染土壌に含まれる汚染物質の種類や量に応じて、適宜設計することができる。 The amount of the soil improving agent to be used and the composition of the blast furnace slag, Portland cement and gypsum contained in the soil improving agent can be appropriately designed according to the type and amount of the pollutants contained in the contaminated soil.
土壌改良材は、高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏以外の添加物を含んでいてもよい。例えば、生石灰、消石灰、フライアッシュなどのポゾラン材、アルミナセメント、ジェットセメントなどの特殊な成分の強度増進材、硫酸ソーダなどのセメントの水和反応の刺激材などを例示することができる。 The soil conditioner may contain additives other than blast furnace slag, Portland cement and gypsum. Examples thereof include pozzolanic materials such as quick lime, slaked lime, and fly ash, strength enhancers of special components such as alumina cement and jet cement, and stimulating agents for hydration reaction of cement such as sodium sulfate.
汚染土壌への土壌改良材の添加形態は特に限定されないが、例えばセメントミルクのように、土壌改良材を適量の水で溶いたスラリーとして土壌に添加することができる。また、 地盤と土壌改良材との攪拌混合方法は特に限定されず、例えば、回転式の攪拌翼を利用する方法、地盤改良材を地盤中にジェット噴射する方法、バックホウなどを利用して攪拌する方法などを適宜採用することができる。さらに、土壌改良材の汚染土壌への添加回数は１回または、複数回（２回以上）でもよい。 The form of addition of the soil improver to the contaminated soil is not particularly limited, but a soil improver such as cement milk can be added to the soil as a slurry dissolved in an appropriate amount of water. The method of stirring and mixing the ground and the soil improving material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of using a rotary stirring blade, a method of jetting the ground improving material into the ground, and a stirring using a backhoe. A method or the like can be adopted as appropriate. Furthermore, the soil improver may be added to the contaminated soil once or a plurality of times (twice or more).
土壌改良工程では、汚染土壌中の六価クロムなどの重金属（汚染物質）が土壌改良材と反応し、汚染物質が無害のエトリンガイトに変化するため、汚染土壌を改良（無害化）することができる。 In the soil improvement process, heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium in the contaminated soil (pollutants) react with the soil improver, and the pollutants are transformed into harmless ettringite, which can improve (detoxify) the soil. ..
基礎構築工程では、土壌改良材と土壌との混合物によって、地中に、杭状のソイルセメントコラムからなる基礎を構築する。 In the foundation construction process, a foundation consisting of pile-shaped soil cement columns is constructed in the ground by using a mixture of soil improving material and soil.
土壌改良材は、高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含むため、上述したように土壌改良効果を発揮するとともに、この土壌改良材と土壌との混合物は、固化状態において、上載構造物を支持する基礎の構築するための十分な強度を有している。したがって、深層混合処理工法によって、地盤に深く掘削されたボーリング孔内に、例えば水で溶いた土壌改良材（スラリー）を注入し、攪拌混合することで固化させ、杭状のソイルセメントコラムを形成することができる。ソイルセメントコラムは、施工領域全体に形成することもできるし、支持する上載構造物を考慮して、所定の間隔で形成することもできる。 Since the soil improver contains blast furnace slag, Portland cement and gypsum as main components, it exhibits the soil improving effect as described above, and the mixture of the soil improver and the soil, in the solidified state, has the above-mentioned structure. It has sufficient strength to build a supporting foundation. Therefore, by the deep mixing method, for example, a soil improving material (slurry) dissolved in water is injected into a boring hole deeply excavated in the ground and solidified by stirring and mixing to form a pile-shaped soil cement column. can do. The soil cement column can be formed over the entire construction area or can be formed at predetermined intervals in consideration of the supporting structure to be supported.
このように、本発明の施工方法では、土壌改良材が、高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含むため、汚染土壌の改良と同時に上載構造物を支持するソイルセメントコラムを構築することができる。したがって、改良処理が必要とされる汚染土壌に上載構造物を支持する基礎を構築する場合において、施工期間を短縮でき、かつ、施工コストを抑制することができる。 Thus, in the construction method of the present invention, since the soil improving material contains blast furnace slag, Portland cement and gypsum as the main components, it is possible to construct a soil cement column that supports the overlaid structure at the same time as improving the contaminated soil. it can. Therefore, the construction period can be shortened and the construction cost can be suppressed when constructing the foundation for supporting the overlaid structure on the contaminated soil requiring the improvement treatment.
特に、高炉スラグの配合量が土壌改良材全体に対して３５重量％〜４７．５重量％、ポルトランドセメントの配合量が土壌改良材全体に対して３５重量％〜４７．５重量％の範囲であり、石膏の配合量が土壌改良材全体に対して５重量％〜３０重量％の範囲である場合は、良好な土壌改良効果とソイルセメントコラム（基礎）の強度を実現することができる。 In particular, the content of blast furnace slag in the range of 35 wt% to 47.5 wt% with respect to the entire soil improver, and the content of Portland cement in the range of 35 wt% to 47.5 wt% with respect to the entire soil improver. Yes, when the content of gypsum is in the range of 5% by weight to 30% by weight with respect to the entire soil conditioner, a good soil improving effect and strength of the soil cement column (foundation) can be realized.
さらに、図面を用いて本発明の施工方法の一実施形態について説明する。 Further, an embodiment of a construction method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図１は、本発明の施工方法の一実施形態の概要を例示した断面図であり、図２は、図１に示した実施形態の平面図である。図１および図２は、地上から１ｍ程度の地層が六価クロムなどの重金属で汚染されている例を示している。 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the outline of an embodiment of a construction method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2 show an example in which a stratum about 1 m from the ground is contaminated with a heavy metal such as hexavalent chromium.
図１、図２に例示したように、地表面から約１ｍの深さまで重金属に汚染されたＡ層（汚染土壌）がある場合は、急冷高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含む土壌改良材（固化剤）をＡ層（汚染土壌）に投入し、バックホウなどを使用して混合攪拌して反応させる。この反応によって、汚染物質が無害の鉱物エトリンガイトに変化するため、汚染土壌を改良（無害化）することができる（土壌改良工程）。次に、例えば、汚染物質が地下水の移動により拡散するのを防ぐために、例えば、深層混合処理工法を用いて防水壁Ｂを汚染区域を囲むように施工する。さらに、同様の施工機械を使用した深層混合処理工法によって、土壌改良工程で使用した土壌改良剤によって上載構造物を支持することができる基礎として杭状のソイルセメントコラムＣを地中に施工することができる（基礎構築工程）。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when there is an A layer (contaminated soil) contaminated with heavy metals up to a depth of about 1 m from the ground surface, a soil improvement containing quenched blast furnace slag, Portland cement and gypsum as main components. The material (solidifying agent) is put into the layer A (contaminated soil), and mixed and stirred using a backhoe or the like to react. By this reaction, the pollutant is changed to the harmless mineral ettringite, so that the polluted soil can be improved (detoxified) (soil improvement step). Next, for example, in order to prevent the contaminants from diffusing due to the movement of groundwater, the waterproof wall B is constructed so as to surround the contaminated area by using, for example, the deep layer mixing processing method. Furthermore, by a deep mixing treatment method using the same construction machine, construct a pile-shaped soil cement column C in the ground as a foundation capable of supporting the overlaid structure by the soil improving agent used in the soil improving process. Can be done (basic construction process).
図３は、本発明の施工方法の別の実施形態の概要を例示した断面図であり、図４は、図３に示した実施形態の平面図である。図３および図４は、地表面からかなりの深さまで重金属により土壌が汚染されている例を示している。 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the outline of another embodiment of the construction method of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and 4 show an example in which soil is contaminated with heavy metals from the ground surface to a considerable depth.
この実施形態においても、例えば、深層混合処理工法を用いて防水壁Ｂを汚染区域を囲むように施工することができる。そして、急冷高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含む土壌改良材（固化剤）を汚染土壌に投入し、深層混合処理工法によって、汚染土壌を改良するとともに杭状のソイルセメントコラムＣを地中に施工することができる（土壌改良工程、基礎構築工程）。 Also in this embodiment, for example, the waterproof wall B can be constructed so as to surround the contaminated area by using the deep-layer mixing processing method. Then, a soil improving material (solidifying agent) containing quenching blast furnace slag, Portland cement and gypsum as main components is put into the contaminated soil, and the soil mixing column C in the form of pile is improved by improving the contaminated soil by the deep layer mixing processing method. Can be installed inside (soil improvement process, foundation construction process).
本発明の施工方法は、以上の実施形態に何ら限定されるものではない。例えば、汚染土壌中に、ダイオキシンなどの有機物の汚染物質が多く含まれるような場合は、深層混合処理機を使用して最初に公知の吸着剤によってダイオキシンなどを吸着させる工程を含むことができる。
The construction method of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, when the polluted soil contains a large amount of organic pollutants such as dioxin, a step of first adsorbing dioxin or the like using a known adsorbent using a deep layer mixing processor can be included.
Claims (2)
汚染土壌に対して、高炉スラグ、ポルトランドセメントおよび石膏を主成分として含む土壌改良材を投入し、混合攪拌する土壌改良工程、および、
前記土壌改良材によって、地中に、杭状のソイルセメントコラムからなる基礎を構築する基礎構築工程
を含むことを特徴とする施工方法。 A construction method for simultaneously improving contaminated soil and constructing a foundation for supporting an overlaid structure,
For contaminated soil, a blast furnace slag, a soil improving step of adding a soil improving material containing Portland cement and gypsum as a main component, mixing and stirring, and,
A construction method comprising the step of constructing a foundation consisting of a pile-shaped soil cement column in the ground by the soil improving material.
The soil conditioner is characterized by containing 35% by weight to 47.5% by weight of blast furnace slag, 35% by weight to 47.5% by weight of Portland cement, and 5% by weight to 30% by weight of gypsum. The construction method according to claim 1.
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| JP2015025137A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-05 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | Cement composition and soil improvement method |
| JP2018178672A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-11-15 | 花王株式会社 | Ground improvement method |
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| JP2000008365A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2000-01-11 | Nit Co Ltd | Ground improvement construction method |
| JP2001348571A (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-18 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Ground-modifying material |
| JP2004041942A (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-02-12 | Earth Create Office Co Ltd | Cement-based solidifying agent and solidification method using the same |
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