JP2020073289A - Joining method - Google Patents
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- JP2020073289A JP2020073289A JP2020021368A JP2020021368A JP2020073289A JP 2020073289 A JP2020073289 A JP 2020073289A JP 2020021368 A JP2020021368 A JP 2020021368A JP 2020021368 A JP2020021368 A JP 2020021368A JP 2020073289 A JP2020073289 A JP 2020073289A
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- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Resistance Welding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、鋼材からなる構造体に対してアルミニウム材料などの異種材料の構造体を接合する接合構造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a joining structure method for joining a structure made of a different material such as an aluminum material to a structure made of a steel material.
車輌を構成する部品（車体部品）には、高い強度が要求される。これに加え、近年では、軽量が要求されている。このため、部品を形成する材料には、例えば、高張力鋼やアルミニウム材料が用いられるようになっている。また、高張力鋼とアルミニウム材料とを一体とした複合部材が用いられるようになっている。 High strength is required for parts (vehicle body parts) that form a vehicle. In addition to this, in recent years, lightweight has been required. Therefore, for example, high-strength steel or aluminum material has been used as a material for forming the component. Further, a composite member in which high-strength steel and an aluminum material are integrated has been used.
ところで、鋼材同士の結合においては、例えばスポット溶接などが用いられているが、上述したような異種材料の結合においては、例えば、リベットの軸部を孔の開いていないアルミニウム板に押し込むことにより挿通させ、また、予めアルミニウム板に開口を形成しておき、この開口にリベットの軸部を勘合させ、この後、軸部先端と鋼板とを溶接している（特許文献１参照）。しかしながら、上述した技術では、現在のより高い接合強度の要求に対応できていない。前述した異種材料の結合においては、製造コストや得られる強度などを含めて妥当な技術が存在していないという問題があった。 By the way, in joining steel materials, for example, spot welding is used, but in joining dissimilar materials as described above, for example, by inserting the rivet shaft portion into an aluminum plate having no holes, it is inserted. In addition, an opening is formed in the aluminum plate in advance, the shaft portion of the rivet is fitted into this opening, and then the tip of the shaft portion and the steel plate are welded (see Patent Document 1). However, the above-mentioned technique cannot meet the current demand for higher bonding strength. In the above-mentioned bonding of different materials, there is a problem that there is no appropriate technique including the manufacturing cost and the strength to be obtained.
本発明は、以上のような問題点を解消するためになされたものであり、コストの上昇を招くことなく鋼材からなる構造体に対してアルミニウム材料などの異種金属材料の構造体がより高い強度で接合できるようにすることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a structure made of a dissimilar metal material such as an aluminum material has a higher strength than a structure made of a steel material without increasing the cost. The purpose is to be able to join with.
本発明に係る接合方法は、頭部および頭部に接続して先細りの先端部を備える軸部から構成されて軸方向断面が略Ｔ字状の鋼からなるボタン部品を用意する第１工程と、鋼材からなる環状の第１部品に鋼材とは異なる材料から構成された第２部品を重ねる第２工程と、ボタン部品に第１圧力を加えて第２部品の表面側からボタン部品の先端部を押し込み、軸部の先端部を第１部品に当接させる第３工程と、軸部の先端部が第１部品に当接した状態で、ボタン部品に第２圧力を加えながら先端部と第１部品とを抵抗スポット溶接により溶接する第４工程とを備え、第３工程では、無加熱で、かつボタン部品に加える第１圧力を第４工程における第２の圧力より大きい圧力としてボタン部品を押し込む。第２部品は、例えばアルミニウムから構成されている。 The joining method according to the present invention comprises a first step of preparing a button part made of steel having a substantially T-shaped axial cross section, which is composed of a head and a shaft provided with a tapered tip connected to the head. A second step of stacking a second part made of a material different from steel on an annular first part made of steel, and applying a first pressure to the button part from the surface side of the second part to the tip of the button part And pressing the second part of the shaft part into contact with the first part, while applying the second pressure to the button part with the tip part of the shaft part in contact with the first part. And a fourth step of welding the one part by resistance spot welding. In the third step, the button part is set without heating and the first pressure applied to the button part is larger than the second pressure in the fourth step. Push in. The second component is made of, for example, aluminum.
上記接合方法において、第３工程では、頭部の座面が第２部品の表面に当接する状態にするとよい。 In the above joining method, in the third step, the seating surface of the head may be in contact with the surface of the second component.
上記接合方法において、第４工程では、軸部の先端部を第１部品に当接させてからスポット溶接を開始するとともに、軸部を更に押し込むようにするとよい。 In the above joining method, in the fourth step, the tip portion of the shaft portion may be brought into contact with the first component to start spot welding, and the shaft portion may be further pushed.
上記接合方法において、上記ボタン部品の頭部は、周縁部ほど軸部の先端側に近づく形状とするとよい。例えば、周縁部は、軸部の先端側に、軸部と略平行な状態とされている。 In the joining method, it is preferable that the head portion of the button component has a shape in which the peripheral portion is closer to the tip side of the shaft portion. For example, the peripheral portion is in a state of being substantially parallel to the shaft portion on the tip side of the shaft portion.
上記接合方法において、第３工程では、抵抗スポット溶接における一方の電極をボタン部品の頭部に当接させて第１部品の方向に押しつけることで、ボタン部品の先端部を第２部品に押し込み、軸部の先端部を第１部品に当接させるようにするとよい。 In the above joining method, in the third step, one electrode in the resistance spot welding is brought into contact with the head of the button component and pressed in the direction of the first component, thereby pushing the tip end of the button component into the second component, It is preferable that the tip portion of the shaft portion is brought into contact with the first component.
以上説明したことにより、本発明によれば、コストの上昇を招くことなく鋼材からなる構造体に対してアルミニウム材料などの異種金属材料の構造体がより高い強度で接合できるという優れた効果が得られる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an excellent effect that a structure made of a dissimilar metal material such as an aluminum material can be bonded to a structure made of a steel material with higher strength without increasing the cost. Be done.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明の実施の形態における接合方法を説明するための説明図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a joining method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
まず、第１工程Ｓ１０１で、図１の（ａ）に示すボタン部品１０１を用意する。ボタン部品１０１は、頭部１１１および頭部１１１に接続する軸部１１２を備える。また、軸部１１２は、先細りの形状とされた先端部１１３を備える。ボタン部品１０１は、例えば冷間圧造用炭素鋼などの鋼から構成され、軸方向断面が略Ｔ字状とされている。頭部１１１および軸部１１２は、例えば平面視円形とされている。ボタン部品１０１は、軸部１１２の直径が例えば１０ｍｍである。なお、頭部１１１および軸部１１２は、平面視の形状（断面形状）が、円形に限らず、多角形であってもよい。また、頭部１１１は、平面視の形状が、凸多角形に限らず凹多角形など、一部が軸部１１２の方向に凹形状となっていてもよい。 First, in the first step S101, the button component 101 shown in FIG. 1A is prepared. The button component 101 includes a head portion 111 and a shaft portion 112 connected to the head portion 111. In addition, the shaft portion 112 includes a tip portion 113 having a tapered shape. The button component 101 is made of steel such as carbon steel for cold heading, for example, and has a substantially T-shaped cross section in the axial direction. The head 111 and the shaft 112 are, for example, circular in plan view. In the button component 101, the shaft 112 has a diameter of 10 mm, for example. The shape (cross-sectional shape) of the head portion 111 and the shaft portion 112 in plan view is not limited to a circle, and may be a polygon. Further, the shape of the head portion 111 in plan view is not limited to a convex polygon, but may be a concave polygon such that a part thereof has a concave shape in the direction of the shaft portion 112.
次に、第２工程Ｓ１０２で、図１の（ｂ）に示すように、鋼板（第１部品）１０２に、鋼材とは異なる材料から構成されているアルミニウム板（第２部品）１０３を重ねて配置する。鋼板１０２は、例えば、ＪＳＣ７８０，ＪＳＣ９８０Ｙなどの高張力鋼板であり、例えば、板厚１ｍｍである。アルミニウム板１０３は、例えばＡＬ５０５２Ｐ材などのアルミニウム合金板であり、例えば、板厚１ｍｍである。なお、軸部１１２は、アルミニウム板１０３の厚さより長ければよい。 Next, in a second step S102, as shown in FIG. 1B, the aluminum plate (second component) 103 made of a material different from the steel material is overlaid on the steel plate (first component) 102. Deploy. The steel plate 102 is, for example, a high-strength steel plate such as JSC780 and JSC980Y, and has a plate thickness of 1 mm, for example. The aluminum plate 103 is an aluminum alloy plate such as AL5052P material, and has a plate thickness of 1 mm, for example. The shaft 112 may be longer than the thickness of the aluminum plate 103.
次に、第３工程Ｓ１０３で、図１の（ｃ）に示すように、アルミニウム板１０３の表面側からボタン部品１０１の先端部１１３を突入させて押し込む。次いで、図１の（ｄ）に示すように、アルミニウム板１０３を貫通させて軸部１１２の先端部１１３を鋼板１０２に当接させる。ここでは、ボタン部品１０１に第１圧力を加えてアルミニウム板１０３の表面側からボタン部品１０１の先端部１１３を押し込み、軸部１１２の先端部１１３を鋼板１０２に当接させる。 Next, in the third step S103, as shown in FIG. 1C, the tip end portion 113 of the button component 101 is projected and pushed in from the front surface side of the aluminum plate 103. Next, as shown in FIG. 1D, the aluminum plate 103 is penetrated to bring the tip 113 of the shaft 112 into contact with the steel plate 102. Here, a first pressure is applied to the button part 101 to push the tip 113 of the button part 101 from the surface side of the aluminum plate 103 to bring the tip 113 of the shaft 112 into contact with the steel plate 102.
この工程では、例えば、後述する第４工程で用いる抵抗スポット溶接における一方の電極をボタン部品１０１の頭部１１１に当接させて鋼板１０２の方向に押しつけることで、ボタン部品１０１の先端部１１３をアルミニウム板１０３に突入させて押し込み、アルミニウム板１０３を貫通させて軸部１１２の先端部１１３を鋼板１０２に当接させてもよい。 In this step, for example, one electrode in resistance spot welding used in a fourth step described later is brought into contact with the head 111 of the button part 101 and pressed toward the steel plate 102, so that the tip part 113 of the button part 101 is pressed. Alternatively, the aluminum plate 103 may be urged and pushed into the aluminum plate 103, the aluminum plate 103 may be penetrated, and the tip portion 113 of the shaft 112 may be brought into contact with the steel plate 102.
次に、第４工程Ｓ１０４で、先端部１１３と鋼板１０２とを、よく知られた抵抗スポット溶接により溶接する。軸部１１２の先端部１１３を鋼板１０２に当接させてからスポット溶接を開始するとともに、第２圧力で軸部１１２を更に押し込む。言い換えると、軸部１１２の先端部１１３が鋼板１０２に当接した状態で、ボタン部品１０１に第２圧力を加えながら先端部１１３と鋼板１０２とを抵抗スポット溶接により溶接する。第２圧力は、よく知られた一般的な溶接加圧力とすればよい。抵抗スポット溶接における他方の電極は、鋼板１０２に電気的に接続しておく。 Next, in a fourth step S104, the tip 113 and the steel plate 102 are welded by well-known resistance spot welding. Spot welding is started after the tip 113 of the shaft 112 is brought into contact with the steel plate 102, and the shaft 112 is further pushed in by the second pressure. In other words, with the tip 113 of the shaft 112 in contact with the steel plate 102, the tip 113 and the steel plate 102 are welded by resistance spot welding while applying the second pressure to the button component 101. The second pressure may be a well-known general welding pressure. The other electrode in the resistance spot welding is electrically connected to the steel plate 102.
溶接により、先端部１１３と鋼板１０２との間に、これらが溶融凝固したナゲット１０４が形成される。上記溶接により、先端部１１３は、先細りの形状から変形する。この第４工程で、溶接が完了した時点では、図１の（ｅ）に示すように、頭部１１１の座面が、アルミニウム板１０３の表面に当接する状態にする。 By welding, a nugget 104 in which these are melted and solidified is formed between the tip 113 and the steel plate 102. Due to the welding, the tip portion 113 is deformed from the tapered shape. In the fourth step, when the welding is completed, the seat surface of the head portion 111 is brought into contact with the surface of the aluminum plate 103 as shown in FIG. 1 (e).
スポット溶接において、押しつける力となる第２圧力（溶接加圧力）は１００〜３００ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ2とし、溶接電流は、１０００〜１４０００Ａで、１〜３０サイクルとすればよい。なお、１ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2＝９８０６６．５Ｐａである。 In spot welding, the second pressure (welding pressure) that is the pressing force may be 100 to 300 kgf · cm 2 , and the welding current may be 1000 to 14000 A and 1 to 30 cycles. Note that 1 kgf / cm 2 = 98066.5 Pa.
ここで、第３工程では、無加熱で、かつボタン部品１０１に加える第１圧力を第４工程における第２圧力より大きい圧力としてボタン部品１０１を押し込むことが重要である。例えば、前述したように、抵抗スポット溶接における一方の電極をボタン部品１０１の頭部１１１に当接させてボタン部品１０１を押し込むときは、通電電流を溶接状態より低くし、または無通電とし、ボタン部品１０１が加熱されない状態としておく。 Here, in the third step, it is important to push in the button part 101 without heating and with the first pressure applied to the button part 101 being higher than the second pressure in the fourth step. For example, as described above, when one of the electrodes in the resistance spot welding is brought into contact with the head 111 of the button part 101 and the button part 101 is pushed in, the energizing current is made lower than that in the welding state, or the button part 101 is not energized. The part 101 is kept in a non-heated state.
例えば、板厚１ｍｍのＡＬ５０５２Ｐ材の場合、第１圧力を４００ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ2以上とすれば、無加熱でボタン部品１０１の先端部１１３をアルミニウム板１０３に突入させて押し込み、アルミニウム板１０３を貫通させて軸部１１２の先端部１１３を鋼板１０２に当接させることができた。また、ボタン部品１０１突入部近傍の鋼板１０２とアルミニウム板１０３とを、クランプなどにより加圧固定した場合、第１圧力を５５０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ2以上とすれば、上述同様に、無加熱でボタン部品１０１の先端部１１３がアルミニウム板１０３を貫通した。第１圧力は、ボタン部品の軸部（先端部）が第１部品を貫通できるように適宜に設定すればよい。 For example, in the case of an AL5052P material having a plate thickness of 1 mm, if the first pressure is 400 kgf · cm 2 or more, the tip 113 of the button part 101 is thrust into the aluminum plate 103 without being heated, and the aluminum plate 103 is penetrated. The tip portion 113 of the shaft portion 112 could be brought into contact with the steel plate 102. Further, when the steel plate 102 and the aluminum plate 103 in the vicinity of the protruding portion of the button component 101 are pressure-fixed by a clamp or the like, if the first pressure is 550 kgf · cm 2 or more, the button component 101 without heating is similar to the above. The front end portion 113 of the penetrating the aluminum plate 103. The first pressure may be appropriately set so that the shaft portion (tip portion) of the button component can penetrate the first component.
上述したことにより、鋼板１０２と、鋼板１０２に重ねて配置されたアルミニウム板１０３と、鋼板１０２に重ねて配置されたアルミニウム板１０３と、軸部１１２がアルミニウム板１０３を表面側から貫通して先端部が鋼板１０２に溶接されて頭部１１１の座面がアルミニウム板１０３の表面に当接する軸方向断面が略Ｔ字状の鋼からなるボタン部品１０１とから構成された接合構造が得られる。 As described above, the steel plate 102, the aluminum plate 103 arranged to overlap the steel plate 102, the aluminum plate 103 arranged to overlap the steel plate 102, and the shaft portion 112 penetrating the aluminum plate 103 from the front surface side and the tip end. A joint structure is obtained in which the portion is welded to the steel plate 102 and the seating surface of the head portion 111 abuts on the surface of the aluminum plate 103, and the button component 101 made of steel whose axial section is substantially T-shaped.
上述した実施の形態における接合方法により得られた接合構造は、鋼板１０２にナゲット１０４で強固に溶接されているボタン部品１０１の頭部１１１により、アルミニウム板１０３が鋼板１０２に押さえつけられるものとなる。溶接部となるナゲット１０４は、同種の材料からなる鋼板１０２とボタン部品１０１（先端部１１３）とが溶融凝固した部分であり、高い接合強度が得られている。この結果、本発明によれば、鋼材からなる構造体に対してアルミニウム材料などの異種金属材料の構造体が、より高い強度で接合できるようになる。また、安価に製造可能なボタン部品１０１を用い、既存の抵抗スポット溶接技術により溶接するので、コストの上昇を招くことがない。 The joining structure obtained by the joining method in the above-described embodiment is such that the aluminum plate 103 is pressed against the steel plate 102 by the head 111 of the button component 101 that is firmly welded to the steel plate 102 with the nugget 104. The nugget 104 serving as a welded portion is a portion in which the steel plate 102 made of the same material and the button component 101 (tip portion 113) are melted and solidified, and high joint strength is obtained. As a result, according to the present invention, a structure made of a dissimilar metal material such as an aluminum material can be bonded to a structure made of steel material with higher strength. Further, since the button component 101 that can be manufactured at low cost is used and welding is performed by the existing resistance spot welding technique, the cost does not increase.
ところで、図２に示すように、頭部２１１の庇部２１１ａが、周縁部ほど軸部２１２の先端側に近づく形状とされたボタン部品２０１により、鋼板１０２にアルミニウム板１０３を固定してもよい。このように構成することで、頭部２１１の座面に、溝領域２３１が形成される。軸部２１２を突入させて押し込んでスポット溶接するときに、軸部２１２周囲のアルミニウム板１０３が溶解し、周囲に飛散する場合がある。上記構成とした庇部２１１ａを形成しておくことで、庇部２１１ａの軸部２１２側（下側）に形成される溝領域２３１に、溶融アルミニウムを収容でき、溶融アルミニウムの飛散が防止できる。 By the way, as shown in FIG. 2, the aluminum plate 103 may be fixed to the steel plate 102 by the button part 201 in which the eaves part 211a of the head part 211 is shaped so as to be closer to the tip end side of the shaft part 212 toward the peripheral edge part. .. With this configuration, the groove area 231 is formed on the seating surface of the head 211. When the shaft portion 212 is pushed in and pushed to perform spot welding, the aluminum plate 103 around the shaft portion 212 may be melted and scattered around. By forming the eaves portion 211a having the above structure, molten aluminum can be contained in the groove region 231 formed on the shaft portion 212 side (lower side) of the eaves portion 211a, and the molten aluminum can be prevented from scattering.
また、図３に示すように、頭部３１１の庇部３１１ａを周縁部ほど軸部３１２の先端側に近づく形状としたボタン部品３０１により、鋼板１０２にアルミニウム板１０３を固定してもよい。庇部３１１ａの周縁部は、軸方向下側に、軸部３１２と略平行な状態とされている。この構成とした庇部３１１ａによっても、庇部３１１ａの下側に形成される溝領域３３１に、溶融アルミニウムを収容でき、溶融アルミニウムの飛散が防止できる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the aluminum plate 103 may be fixed to the steel plate 102 by a button part 301 having a shape in which the eaves portion 311a of the head 311 is closer to the tip end side of the shaft portion 312 toward the peripheral edge portion. The peripheral portion of the eaves portion 311a is in a state of being substantially parallel to the shaft portion 312 on the lower side in the axial direction. With the eaves portion 311a having this structure, molten aluminum can be contained in the groove region 331 formed below the eaves portion 311a, and the molten aluminum can be prevented from scattering.
次に、ＳＷＣＨ（Steel Wire Cold Heading）１２を材料として作製したボタン部品を用い、鋼板にアルミニウム板を固定した状態の断面を、金属顕微鏡により観察した結果について図４を用いて説明する。用いたボタン部品は、頭部の庇部が、周縁部ほど軸部の先端側に近づく形状としている。鋼板は、板厚０．８ｍｍのＪＳＣ９８０材を用い、アルミニウム板は、板厚１ｍｍのＡＬ５０５２Ｐ材とした。また、ボタン部品は、冷間圧造用炭素鋼より作製した。 Next, a result of observing a cross section of a state where an aluminum plate is fixed to a steel plate with a metallographic microscope using a button part made of SWCH (Steel Wire Cold Heading) 12 as a material will be described with reference to FIG. The button component used has a shape in which the eaves portion of the head portion is closer to the tip end side of the shaft portion toward the peripheral edge portion. The steel plate was a JSC980 material having a plate thickness of 0.8 mm, and the aluminum plate was an AL5052P material having a plate thickness of 1 mm. The button parts were made of carbon steel for cold heading.
ボタン部品の先端部をアルミニウム板に突入させて押し込むときの加圧は４００ｋｇｆとした。また、ボタン部品の先端部と鋼板とを、抵抗スポット溶接により溶接するときの溶接加圧力は、２００ｋｇｆとした。なお、溶接電流は、１００００Ａとし、３サイクル（３／５０秒）とし、１０サイクルの保持時間として溶接した。ナゲットの径は、２．５ｍｍとなった。図４に示すように、溶接部は溶融凝固している状態が確認される。 The pressure applied when the tip of the button part was pushed into the aluminum plate and pushed in was 400 kgf. Further, the welding pressure when the tip portion of the button part and the steel plate were welded by resistance spot welding was 200 kgf. The welding current was 10000 A, 3 cycles (3/50 seconds), and the holding time was 10 cycles. The diameter of the nugget was 2.5 mm. As shown in FIG. 4, it is confirmed that the welded portion is melted and solidified.
一方、ボタン部品の先端部をアルミニウム板に突入させて押し込むときの加圧および溶接加圧力を２００ｋｇｆ均一とし、押し込むときも通電して抵抗加熱して接合した場合の断面の金属顕微鏡写真を図５に示す。この場合においても、用いたボタン部品は、頭部の庇部が、周縁部ほど軸部の先端側に近づく形状としている。鋼板は、板厚０．８ｍｍのＪＳＣ９８０材を用い、アルミニウム板は、板厚１ｍｍのＡＬ５０５２Ｐ材とした。また、ボタン部品は、冷間圧造用炭素鋼より作製した。 On the other hand, the metal micrograph of the cross section when the pressure and welding pressure when pushing the tip of the button part into the aluminum plate and pushing it into the aluminum plate is made uniform, and also when pushing is performed by resistance heating and joining is shown in FIG. Shown in. Also in this case, the button component used has a shape in which the eaves portion of the head portion is closer to the tip end side of the shaft portion toward the peripheral edge portion. The steel plate was a JSC980 material having a plate thickness of 0.8 mm, and the aluminum plate was an AL5052P material having a plate thickness of 1 mm. The button parts were made of carbon steel for cold heading.
この接合方法の場合、図５に示すようにボタン部品の中央に組織が変化している領域が確認された。この組織変化領域は、アルミニウムが３０重量％程度含まれており、著しい硬度低下が確認された。ボタン部品の先端部を押し込むときも通電して抵抗加熱していると、加圧力が小さくても突入可能となる。しかしながら、加熱している状態では、接触しているアルミニウム板のアルミニウムがボタン部品の内部に拡散し、上述したように組織変化領域が形成され、硬度低下が発生するものと考えられる。第２部品がアルミニウム以外の異種金属から構成されている場合も、上述同様の問題が発生するものと考えられる。 In the case of this joining method, a region where the structure was changed was confirmed in the center of the button part as shown in FIG. This structure-changed region contained about 30% by weight of aluminum, and a remarkable decrease in hardness was confirmed. Even when the tip of the button part is pushed in, if resistance is heated by energizing, it is possible to rush even if the applied pressure is small. However, in the heated state, it is considered that the aluminum of the aluminum plate which is in contact diffuses inside the button component to form the microstructure-changed region as described above, resulting in a decrease in hardness. Even when the second component is made of a different metal other than aluminum, it is considered that the same problem as described above will occur.
上述したことより明らかなように、ボタン部品の先端部をアルミニウム板に押し込むとき、ボタン部品が加熱されていると、低い加圧力で突入させて貫通させることができるが、ボタン部品の強度が低下し、高い接合強度が得られないことが分かる。 As is clear from the above, when the tip of the button part is pushed into the aluminum plate, if the button part is heated, it can be pierced and penetrated with a low pressing force, but the strength of the button part is reduced. However, it can be seen that high bonding strength cannot be obtained.
これに対し、本発明によれば、ボタン部品の先端部をアルミニウム板に押し込むときにボタン部品を加熱しないので、ボタン部品の強度低下が起こらず、高い接合強度が得られるようになる。ボタン部品を加熱せずに押し込み、この後で溶接した場合（図４に示した状態）では、ボタン部品においては、アルミニウムが検出されず、また、強度の低下も測定されていない。 On the other hand, according to the present invention, since the button part is not heated when the tip part of the button part is pushed into the aluminum plate, the strength of the button part is not lowered and a high bonding strength can be obtained. When the button part was pushed in without heating and then welded (the state shown in FIG. 4), aluminum was not detected in the button part and the decrease in strength was not measured.
以上に説明したように、本発明によれば、非加熱の状態で、溶接時の第２圧力より大きい圧力とした第１圧力で第２部品の表面側からボタン部品の押し込み、この後で、第２圧力とし、貫通させた先端部と第１部品とを抵抗スポット溶接により溶接するようにしたので、コストの上昇を招くことなく鋼材からなる構造体に対してアルミニウム材料などの異種金属材料の構造体がより高い強度で接合できるようになる。 As described above, according to the present invention, in the unheated state, the button component is pushed in from the front surface side of the second component with the first pressure that is higher than the second pressure during welding, and thereafter, Since the second pressure is applied and the penetrating tip and the first component are welded by resistance spot welding, a dissimilar metal material such as an aluminum material can be added to the structure made of steel without increasing the cost. The structure can be bonded with higher strength.
なお、本発明は以上に説明した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想内で、当分野において通常の知識を有する者により、多くの変形および組み合わせが実施可能であることは明白である。例えば、第１部品および第２部品は、板部材に限るものではなく、他の形状の構造体であってもよい。例えば、図６に示すように、ボタン部品１０１をアルミニウム板１０３を貫通させて軸部１１２を環状の鋼材１０２ａに溶接することで、環状の鋼材１０２ａとアルミニウム板１０３とを接合してもよい。また、第２部品は、アルミニウム材に限るものではなく、鋼材とは異なる材料から構成されたものであっても本発明の適用範囲である。また、ボタン部品は、ＳＷＣＨ１２に限るものではなく、鋼から構成されていればよい。 The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and many modifications and combinations can be implemented by a person having ordinary knowledge in the field within the technical idea of the present invention. That is clear. For example, the first component and the second component are not limited to plate members, and may be structures having other shapes. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the annular steel material 102a and the aluminum plate 103 may be joined by welding the button part 101 through the aluminum plate 103 and welding the shaft portion 112 to the annular steel material 102a. Further, the second component is not limited to the aluminum material, and it is within the applicable range of the present invention even if it is made of a material different from the steel material. Further, the button component is not limited to the SWCH 12, but may be made of steel.
１０１…ボタン部品、１０２…鋼板（第１部品）、１０３…アルミニウム板（第２部品）、１０４…ナゲット、１１１…頭部、１１２…軸部、１１３…先端部。 101 ... Button parts, 102 ... Steel plate (first part), 103 ... Aluminum plate (second part), 104 ... Nugget, 111 ... Head part, 112 ... Shaft part, 113 ... Tip part.
Claims (7)
鋼材からなる環状の第１部品に鋼材とは異なる材料から構成された第２部品を重ねる第２工程と、
前記ボタン部品に第１圧力を加えて前記第２部品の表面側から前記ボタン部品の前記先端部を押し込み、前記軸部の先端部を前記第１部品に当接させる第３工程と、
前記軸部の先端部が前記第１部品に当接した状態で、前記ボタン部品に第２圧力を加えながら前記先端部と前記第１部品とを抵抗スポット溶接により溶接する第４工程と
を備え、
前記第３工程では、無加熱で、かつ前記ボタン部品に加える前記第１圧力を前記第４工程における前記第２圧力より大きい圧力として前記ボタン部品を押し込むことを特徴とする接合方法。 A first step of preparing a button part made of steel having a substantially T-shaped axial section, the button part being composed of a head part and a shaft part connected to the head part and having a tapered tip end part;
A second step of stacking a second component made of a material different from steel on the annular first component made of steel;
A third step of applying a first pressure to the button part to push in the tip part of the button part from the surface side of the second part, and bring the tip part of the shaft part into contact with the first part;
A fourth step of welding the tip part and the first part by resistance spot welding while applying a second pressure to the button part while the tip part of the shaft part is in contact with the first part. ,
In the third step, the button component is pushed in without heating and with the first pressure applied to the button component being set to a pressure higher than the second pressure in the fourth process.
前記第３工程では、前記頭部の座面が前記第２部品の表面に当接する状態にすることを特徴とする接合方法。 The joining method according to claim 1,
In the third step, the seating surface of the head is brought into contact with the surface of the second component.
前記第４工程では、前記軸部の先端部を前記第１部品に当接させてからスポット溶接を開始するとともに、前記軸部を更に押し込む
ことを特徴とする接合方法。 The joining method according to claim 1 or 2,
In the fourth step, a spot welding is started after the tip of the shaft portion is brought into contact with the first component, and the shaft portion is further pushed in.
前記ボタン部品の前記頭部は、周縁部ほど前記軸部の先端側に近づく形状とすることを特徴とする接合方法。 The joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The joining method, wherein the head portion of the button component is shaped so as to be closer to the tip end side of the shaft portion toward the peripheral portion.
前記周縁部は、前記軸部の先端側に、前記軸部と略平行な状態とされていることを特徴とする接合方法。 The joining method according to claim 4,
The joining method, wherein the peripheral portion is in a state of being substantially parallel to the shaft portion on the tip side of the shaft portion.
前記第３工程では、抵抗スポット溶接における一方の電極を前記ボタン部品の前記頭部に当接させて前記第１部品の方向に押しつけることで、ボタン部品の前記先端部を第２部品に押し込み、前記軸部の先端部を前記第１部品に当接させる
ことを特徴とする接合方法。 The joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
In the third step, one electrode in resistance spot welding is brought into contact with the head portion of the button component and pressed in the direction of the first component, thereby pushing the tip end portion of the button component into the second component, A joining method, wherein the tip end portion of the shaft portion is brought into contact with the first component.
前記第２部品は、アルミニウムから構成されていることを特徴とする接合方法。 The joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The said 2nd component is comprised from aluminum, The joining method characterized by the above-mentioned.
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