JP2020055712A - Porous material and method for producing porous material - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、多孔質材および多孔質材の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a porous material and a method for producing the porous material.
珪藻土は、数ミクロン程度の微細な孔を有する多孔質材であり、水分や悪臭物質を吸着する吸着機能を備えていることが知られている。珪藻土を利用した日用品としては、例えば、特許文献１に、珪藻土焼成製品である脱湿置物類が開示されている。 Diatomaceous earth is a porous material having fine pores of about several microns, and is known to have an adsorption function of adsorbing moisture and malodorous substances. As daily commodities using diatomaceous earth, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses dehumidified figurines, which are diatomaceous earth fired products.
特許文献１に開示された珪藻土焼成製品は、珪藻土に特殊なバインダを混合し、所望の形状に成形して焼成することで作製される。そして、この特殊なバインダは、木節粘土や流紋系天然ガラス粉などを含んだものである。 The diatomaceous earth fired product disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is manufactured by mixing a special binder with diatomaceous earth, shaping into a desired shape, and firing. And this special binder contains Kibushi clay, flowing natural glass powder, and the like.
しかし、例えば特許文献１で開示されている、珪藻土、木節粘土（＝陶器の土）、及び無水珪酸（＝水ガラス）を焼成温度＝１０００〜１２００度で釉薬を用いて製作した成果物は、実際には「半多孔質の陶器」である。しかも釉薬を塗布し高温で焼成するため珪藻土の多孔質（調湿・消臭・有害物質の除去）の特徴を得るのは不可能である。一般に、珪藻土を１０００〜１２００度で焼成すると多孔質の特性は失われ、レンガ状の物しか得る事が出来ない。 However, for example, the result of producing diatomaceous earth, kibushi clay (= pottery soil), and silicic anhydride (= water glass) using a glaze at a firing temperature = 1000 to 1200 degrees disclosed in Patent Document 1 is as follows. In fact, it is a "semi-porous ceramic". Moreover, since the glaze is applied and fired at a high temperature, it is impossible to obtain the characteristics of diatomaceous earth porous (humidity control, deodorization, removal of harmful substances). Generally, when diatomaceous earth is fired at 1000 to 1200 degrees, its porous properties are lost, and only a brick-like material can be obtained.
本発明は、上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、独自の素材の配合比や後処理により、吸着による調湿・消臭・有害物質の除去機能を備え、崩れにくく、住環境や屋外環境を改善する、多孔質材および多孔質材の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and has a function of adjusting humidity, deodorizing, and removing harmful substances by adsorption by a unique mixing ratio of materials and a post-treatment, and is hardly disintegrated. An object of the present invention is to provide a porous material and a method for producing the porous material, which improve the environment.
本発明の目的を達成するため、本発明に係る多孔質材の一様態は、
珪藻土と、スラッジ灰またはバグ材と、を主成分として含む、
ことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, one aspect of the porous material according to the present invention is:
Including diatomaceous earth and sludge ash or bag material as main components,
It is characterized by the following.
前記珪藻土を０質量％超５０質量％以下含み、
前記スラッジ灰または前記バグ材を５０質量％以上１００質量％未満含むとよい。
The diatomaceous earth contains more than 0% by mass and 50% by mass or less,
The sludge ash or the bag material may be contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass.
前記珪藻土を粉砕した珪藻土チップと、該珪藻土チップの表面に前記スラッジ灰または前記バグ材のコーティング層と、を備えるとよい。 It is preferable that a diatomaceous earth chip obtained by pulverizing the diatomaceous earth and a coating layer of the sludge ash or the bag material be provided on the surface of the diatomaceous earth chip.
本発明の目的を達成するため、本発明に係る多孔質材の一様態は、
多孔質基材と、苦汁と、を主成分として含む、
ことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, one aspect of the porous material according to the present invention is:
Including a porous base material and bitterness as main components,
It is characterized by the following.
前記苦汁は、前記多孔質基材の表面及び／又は内部の一部に付着しているとよい。 The bitterness may adhere to a part of the surface and / or the inside of the porous substrate.
前記多孔質基材は、珪藻土、スラッジ灰、バグ材、またはこれらの混合物を含むとよい。 The porous substrate may include diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, bag material, or a mixture thereof.
本発明の目的を達成するため、本発明に係る多孔質材の製造方法の一様態は、
珪藻土と、スラッジ灰またはバグ材と、を混合し、混合体を得る混合工程と、
前記混合体に水を加えて、加水混合体を得、前記加水混合体を型に入れて成形体を得る成形工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, one embodiment of the method for producing a porous material according to the present invention is:
A mixing step of mixing diatomaceous earth and sludge ash or bag material to obtain a mixture;
A molding step of adding water to the mixture to obtain a hydrated mixture, and placing the hydrated mixture in a mold to obtain a molded body,
It is characterized by having.
本発明の目的を達成するため、本発明に係る多孔質材の製造方法の一様態は、
多孔質基材の成形体を得る成形工程と、
前記成形体を苦汁に浸漬させる浸漬工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, one embodiment of the method for producing a porous material according to the present invention is:
A molding step of obtaining a molded body of a porous substrate,
An immersion step of immersing the molded body in bitterness,
It is characterized by having.
前記成形工程において、前記多孔質基材は、珪藻土、スラッジ灰、バグ材、またはこれらの混合物を含むとよい。 In the forming step, the porous substrate may include diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, bag material, or a mixture thereof.
前記浸漬工程において、前記苦汁は、天然苦汁、または天然苦汁を１０質量％以上含む苦汁水溶液であるとよい。 In the immersion step, the bitter may be natural bitter or a bitter aqueous solution containing 10% by mass or more of natural bitter.
本発明の目的を達成するため、本発明に係る多孔質材の製造方法の一様態は、
粉末の多孔質基材に水を混合し、多孔質基材と水の混合物を得る混合工程と、
前記混合物の成形体を得る成形工程と、
前記成形体を希釈した苦汁に浸漬させる浸漬工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, one embodiment of the method for producing a porous material according to the present invention is:
Mixing water with the powdered porous substrate, a mixing step of obtaining a mixture of the porous substrate and water,
A molding step of obtaining a molded body of the mixture,
An immersion step of immersing the molded body in diluted bitter,
It is characterized by having.
本発明によれば、吸着による調湿・消臭・有害物質の除去機能を備え、崩れにくく、住環境や屋外環境を改善する、多孔質材および多孔質材の製造方法を提供することが可能になる。 Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a porous material and a method for producing a porous material, which have a function of controlling humidity, deodorizing, and removing harmful substances by adsorption, are less likely to collapse, and improve a living environment and an outdoor environment. become.
以下、本発明を実施するための形態に係る多孔質材および多孔質材の製造方法について説明する。 Hereinafter, a porous material and a method for producing the porous material according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
（第１の実施の形態）
第１の実施の形態に係る第１の多孔質材は、珪藻土と、スラッジ灰またはバグ材と、を主成分として含み、水分や悪臭物質を吸着する効果を有する。第１の多孔質材は、珪藻土と、スラッジ灰またはバグ材と、を混合したものに水を加えて成形したものでもよい。また、第１の多孔質材は、珪藻土を粉砕した珪藻土チップ１０と、珪藻土チップ１０の表面にスラッジ灰またはバグ材のコーティング層２０と、を備えるものであってもよい。珪藻土チップ１０の粒径は特に限定されないが、２〜６ｍｍが好ましい。コーティング層２０を備える第１の多孔質材は、水分を含ませた珪藻土にスラッジ灰またはバグ材をまぶすことで作成できる。この場合、スラッジ灰またはバグ材が珪藻土に含まれた水分を吸収し、珪藻土チップ１０の表面にスラッジ灰またはバグ材のコーティング層２０が形成される。第１の多孔質材は、吸湿剤、加湿材、消臭剤として用いられる。「主成分として含み」は、乾燥した第１の多孔質材のうち、珪藻土と、スラッジ灰またはバグ材と、を９５質量％以上の成分として含むことをいう。第１の多孔質材は、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着する機能および除湿／加湿機能を有する。
(First Embodiment)
The first porous material according to the first embodiment contains diatomaceous earth, sludge ash or bag material as main components, and has an effect of adsorbing moisture and malodorous substances. The first porous material may be formed by adding water to a mixture of diatomaceous earth and sludge ash or bag material. Further, the first porous material may include a
珪藻土は、藻類の一種である「珪藻」の殻の化石が海底や湖底に堆積してできたものであり、数ミクロン程度の微細な孔を有するものである。珪藻土は、いずれの産地で産出されたものを用いてもよい。珪藻土は、焼成したものであってもよく未焼成のものであってもよい。珪藻土は、第１の多孔質材に０質量％超５０質量％以下含まれるとよい。より好ましくは、珪藻土は、第１の多孔質材に２０質量％以上５０質量％以下含まれるとよい。このようにすることで、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着できる。 Diatomaceous earth is formed by fossils of the shell of "diatom", which is a kind of algae, deposited on the bottom of the sea or lake, and has fine pores of several microns. As the diatomaceous earth, those produced in any production area may be used. The diatomaceous earth may be fired or unfired. Diatomaceous earth is preferably contained in the first porous material in an amount of more than 0% by mass and 50% by mass or less. More preferably, diatomaceous earth is contained in the first porous material in an amount of 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. By doing so, ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas can be adsorbed.
スラッジ灰は、製紙工程で紙にならずに水中に残ったパルプの残骸を脱水し焼成したものである。バグ材は、スラッジ灰を精製したものである。スラッジ灰、バグ材は、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着する効果と、第１の多孔質材を固める効果と、を有する。スラッジ灰、バグ材は、第１の多孔質材に５０質量％以上１００質量％未満含まれるとよい。より好ましくは、スラッジ灰、バグ材は、第１の多孔質材に５０質量％以上８０質量％以下含まれるとよい。このようにすることで、アンモニアガスの吸着力を保ちつつ崩れにくい成形体を得ることができる。ただし、この割合が８０質量％超１００質量％未満であっても、後処理として苦汁に浸漬させることで、アンモニアガスの所望の吸着力を得ることができる。 Sludge ash is obtained by dewatering and firing pulp debris remaining in water without forming paper in the papermaking process. Bag material is refined sludge ash. The sludge ash and the bag material have an effect of adsorbing acetic acid gas and isovaleric acid gas and an effect of solidifying the first porous material. The sludge ash and the bag material may be contained in the first porous material in an amount of 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass. More preferably, the sludge ash and the bag material are contained in the first porous material in an amount of 50% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less. By doing so, it is possible to obtain a molded body that is hard to collapse while maintaining the ammonia gas adsorption power. However, even if this ratio is more than 80% by mass and less than 100% by mass, a desired adsorption force for ammonia gas can be obtained by immersing it in bitterness as a post-treatment.
第１の多孔質材は、バスマット（吸湿／消臭）、タオルハンガー（吸湿／消臭）、ソープディッシュ、洋服ハンガー（吸湿／消臭）、キャップハンガー（吸湿／消臭）、ブーツ乾燥用パッド（吸湿／消臭）、靴乾燥用パッド（吸湿／消臭）、歯ブラシスタンド、まな板スタンド、コースター、鍋敷き、食器乾燥用スタンド、加湿器、吸湿器、枕カバーなどの寝具（吸湿／消臭）、ペット用トイレ（吸湿／消臭）、震災用トイレ（吸湿／消臭）、壁掛け装飾品（吸湿／消臭）、置き型装飾品（吸湿／消臭）、スポーツ用品、ウエアー・グローブ、ヘルメットなどの消臭剤（吸湿／消臭）、ロッカー／冷蔵庫／下駄箱／冷蔵庫などの消臭材を含む日用品に加工されて用いられる。 The first porous material is a bath mat (moisture / deodorant), a towel hanger (moisture / deodorant), a soap dish, a clothes hanger (moisture / deodorant), a cap hanger (moisture / deodorant), and a boot drying pad. (Moisture absorption / deodorization), shoes drying pad (moisture absorption / deodorization), toothbrush stand, cutting board stand, coaster, pan bedding, tableware drying stand, humidifier, moisture absorber, pillowcase, etc. ), Pet toilets (moisture absorption / deodorization), Earthquake toilets (moisture absorption / deodorization), wall-mounted accessories (moisture absorption / deodorization), stationary accessories (moisture absorption / deodorization), sports equipment, wear gloves , Helmets and other deodorants (moisture absorption / deodorization); lockers / refrigerators / clog boxes / refrigerators;
第１の多孔質材によれば、珪藻土を０質量％超含むことで、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着する機能を有する。また、スラッジ灰、バグ材を５０質量％以上１００質量％未満含むことで、アンモニアガスの吸着力を保ちつつ崩れにくい成形体を得ることができる。また、珪藻土を粉砕した珪藻土チップ１０と、珪藻土チップ１０の表面にスラッジ灰またはバグ材のコーティング層２０と、を備える第１の多孔質材では、経年劣化が防げ、耐摩耗性も向上し、未処理の焼成珪藻土に近い、吸着性能を示す。珪藻土、スラッジ灰およびバグ材は水を吸収する能力を有することで、第１の多孔質材は、除湿／加湿機能を有する。また、第１の多孔質材は、珪藻土と、スラッジ灰またはバグ材と、水から製造できるため、人体に有害な物質を含まず、人体に悪影響を及ぼさない。
The first porous material has a function of adsorbing ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas by containing diatomaceous earth in more than 0% by mass. In addition, by including the sludge ash and the bag material in an amount of 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass, it is possible to obtain a molded body that is hardly collapsed while maintaining the ammonia gas adsorption power. Further, in the first porous material including the
（第２の実施の形態）
第２の実施の形態に係る第２の多孔質材は、多孔質基材と、苦汁と、を主成分として含む。苦汁は、多孔質基材の表面及び／又は内部の全体に被覆及び／又は浸透しているのではなく、その表面及び／又は内部の一部に付着して定着している（苦汁の結晶が付着した）と考えられる。多孔質基材は、数ミクロン程度の微細な孔を有するものであれば特に限定されず、珪藻土、スラッジ灰、バグ材、またはこれらの混合物を含む。多孔質基材に含まれる珪藻土、スラッジ灰、バグ材の混合割合は特に限定されない。例えば、多孔質基材は、１００質量％の珪藻土を含んでもよく、１００質量％のスラッジ灰またはバグ材を含んでもよい。第２の多孔質材は、水分、有害物質や悪臭物質を吸着する効果を有し、吸湿剤、加湿材、消臭剤として用いられる。「主成分として含む」は、第２の多孔質材のうち、多孔質基材と、苦汁と、が９５％以上の成分として含むことをいう。第２の多孔質材は、第１の多孔質材と同様に、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着する機能および除湿／加湿機能を有する。また、第２の多孔質材は、第１の多孔質材と比べて、有害物質であるホルムアルデヒド（ホルムアルデヒドガス）を吸着する効果がより高い。
(Second embodiment)
The second porous material according to the second embodiment contains a porous base material and bitter as main components. Bitter does not cover and / or penetrate the entire surface and / or interior of the porous substrate, but adheres and is fixed to a part of the surface and / or interior (crystals of bitter Attached). The porous substrate is not particularly limited as long as it has fine pores of about several microns, and includes diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, bag material, or a mixture thereof. The mixing ratio of the diatomaceous earth, the sludge ash, and the bag material contained in the porous substrate is not particularly limited. For example, the porous substrate may include 100% by weight diatomaceous earth and 100% by weight sludge ash or bag material. The second porous material has an effect of adsorbing moisture, harmful substances and malodorous substances, and is used as a moisture absorbent, a humidifier, and a deodorant. “Include as a main component” means that, of the second porous material, a porous base material and bitterness are contained as components of 95% or more. Like the first porous material, the second porous material has a function of adsorbing ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas, and a dehumidifying / humidifying function. Further, the second porous material has a higher effect of adsorbing formaldehyde (formaldehyde gas), which is a harmful substance, than the first porous material.
第２の多孔質材で用いる珪藻土は、第１の多孔質材で用いる珪藻土と同じである。なお切り出し珪藻土（１００％珪藻土の塊を焼成し固形化したもの）を苦汁液に浸漬させた場合、珪藻土の表面から粉が出る事を未処理のものよりも抑制できる。 The diatomaceous earth used for the second porous material is the same as the diatomaceous earth used for the first porous material. In addition, when the cut diatomaceous earth (100% diatomaceous earth lump is baked and solidified) is immersed in a bitter liquid, it is possible to prevent powder from coming out from the surface of the diatomaceous earth as compared with untreated diatomaceous earth.
第２の多孔質材で用いるスラッジ灰、バグ材は、第１の多孔質材で用いるスラッジ灰、バグ材と同じである。第２の多孔質材は、苦汁を含むため、多孔質基材として１００質量％のスラッジ灰、バグ材を含んだとしても、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着可能である。 The sludge ash and bag material used in the second porous material are the same as the sludge ash and bag material used in the first porous material. Since the second porous material contains bitterness, it can adsorb ammonia gas, acetic acid gas and isovaleric acid gas even if it contains 100% by mass of sludge ash and bag material as a porous substrate.
苦汁は、海水塩の製造時に得られる天然苦汁を用いてもよく、天然苦汁を水で希釈した苦汁水溶液を用いてもよい。苦汁水溶液は、天然苦汁を１０質量％以上含むものを用いるとよい。例えば、１００％の珪藻土（切り出し珪藻土）に苦汁を加えた場合、０％〜２０％程度は消臭能力に大きく影響しない。２５％〜１００％程度は消臭能力が落ちるがホルムアルデヒドの吸着力が上がる。バグ材１００％に苦汁を加えた場合は、２５％でアンモニアの吸着力が上がる。また珪藻土とバグ材の混合比と消臭能力は、その平均値と考えられる。例えば珪藻土５０％バグ材５０％の場合、イソ吉草酸及び酢酸はほぼ変化せず、アンモニアは３０数％と９０数％との平均値約６０％程度になる。珪藻土とバグ材双方に苦汁１０％で１週間程度、２０％以上で１ヶ月以上の防カビ効果が期待できる。以上から判断すると、苦汁液は２０％程度が最も都合が良い。 As bitter, natural bitter obtained at the time of production of seawater salt may be used, or an aqueous bitter solution obtained by diluting natural bitter with water may be used. As the bitter aqueous solution, a solution containing 10% by mass or more of natural bitter may be used. For example, when bitterness is added to 100% diatomaceous earth (cut-out diatomaceous earth), about 0% to 20% does not significantly affect the deodorizing ability. About 25% to 100%, the deodorizing ability decreases, but the formaldehyde adsorption power increases. When bitter is added to 100% of the bag material, the adsorption power of ammonia increases by 25%. The mixing ratio of diatomaceous earth and bag material and the deodorizing ability are considered to be average values. For example, in the case of 50% diatomaceous earth and 50% bug material, isovaleric acid and acetic acid hardly change, and ammonia has an average value of about 30% and 90% of about 60%. Both diatomaceous earth and bag material can be expected to have a fungicidal effect of about 10% with bitterness for about 1 week and 20% or more with 1 month or more. Judging from the above, it is most convenient for the bitter solution to be about 20%.
第２の多孔質材は、第１の多孔質材と同様に日用品などに用いられる。 The second porous material is used for daily necessities and the like, like the first porous material.
第２の多孔質材によれば、苦汁を含むことで、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着する機能を有し、崩れにくい成形体を得ることができる。また、珪藻土、スラッジ灰およびバグ材は水を吸収する能力を有することで、第２の多孔質材は、除湿／加湿機能を有する。また、第２の多孔質材は、珪藻土と、スラッジ灰またはバグ材と、苦汁から製造できるため、人体に有害な物質を含まず、人体に悪影響を及ぼさない。 According to the second porous material, by including bitterness, it is possible to obtain a molded article having a function of adsorbing ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas, and hardly collapsing. Also, the diatomaceous earth, sludge ash and bag material have the ability to absorb water, so that the second porous material has a dehumidifying / humidifying function. Further, since the second porous material can be manufactured from diatomaceous earth, sludge ash or bag material, and bittern, it does not contain substances harmful to the human body and does not adversely affect the human body.
（製造方法）
まず、第１の多孔質材の製造方法について説明する。第１の多孔質材の製造方法は、混合工程と、成形工程と、を備える。
(Production method)
First, a method for manufacturing the first porous material will be described. The first method for producing a porous material includes a mixing step and a molding step.
混合工程では、粉末の珪藻土と、粉末のスラッジ灰またはバグ材と、を所定の割合で混合し、混合体を得る。例えば、２０質量％から５０質量％の珪藻土と、５０質量％から８０質量％のスラッジ灰またはバグ材と、を混合する。 In the mixing step, powdered diatomaceous earth and powdered sludge ash or bag material are mixed at a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixture. For example, 20% to 50% by weight of diatomaceous earth is mixed with 50% to 80% by weight of sludge ash or bag material.
成形工程では、混合工程で得た混合体に水を加えて攪拌し、加水混合体を得、加水混合体をシリコン製などの型に流し込む。型に流し込んだ加水混合体が固まると成形体を得ることができる。加水混合体が固まるのは、スラッジ灰またはバグ材に固める効果があるためである。このため、水と、珪藻土、スラッジ灰、バグ材と、で、第１の多孔質材の成形体を得ることができ、人体に悪影響を及ぼす虞のあるバインダを用いないようにすることができる。成形体を型から取り出して第１の多孔質材の成形体を得ることができる。 In the molding step, water is added to the mixture obtained in the mixing step and stirred to obtain a hydrated mixture, and the hydrated mixture is poured into a mold made of silicon or the like. When the water mixture poured into the mold is solidified, a molded article can be obtained. The reason why the hydrate mixture hardens is that it has an effect of hardening sludge ash or bag material. For this reason, a molded body of the first porous material can be obtained from water, diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, and a bag material, and it is possible to avoid using a binder that may adversely affect the human body. . The molded body can be taken out of the mold to obtain a molded body of the first porous material.
つぎに、第２の多孔質材の製造方法について説明する。第２の多孔質材の製造方法は、以下に示す２通りの方法が考えられる。 Next, a method for manufacturing the second porous material will be described. As the method for producing the second porous material, the following two methods can be considered.
まず、第２の多孔質材の第１の製造方法について説明する。第１の製造方法は、成形工程と、浸漬工程と、乾燥工程と、を備える。 First, a first method for manufacturing the second porous material will be described. The first manufacturing method includes a forming step, a dipping step, and a drying step.
成形工程では、多孔質基材の成形体を得る。成形の方法は、特に限定されない。粉末の多孔質基材（珪藻土、スラッジ灰、バグ材など）に水を入れて型に入れて成形してもよく、珪藻土などの多孔質基材のブロックを所定の形状に削り出して成形してもよい。つぎに、この成形体を苦汁に浸漬させる。この浸漬は、成形体に苦汁を添加するための処理であり、成形体の表面全体に苦汁が接触するように行う。この浸漬により、成形体の表面に苦汁が被覆し、及び／又は、成形体の内部に苦汁が浸透する。そして、浸漬工程の終了後、好ましくは、乾燥工程を実施する。乾燥工程では、この苦汁が添加された成形体を乾燥させる。なお、ここでの乾燥は、例えば自然乾燥であり、成形体と苦汁が乾燥することで、製品が得られる。ここで、製品において、苦汁は、成形体の表面及び／又は内部の全体に被覆及び／又は浸透しているのではなく、その表面及び／又は内部の一部に付着して定着している（苦汁の結晶が付着した）と考えられる。具体的には、苦汁は、成形体の表面及び／又は内部に形成された微細な孔（数ミクロン程度の大きさ）に吸着されることで、成形体の表面及び／又は内部に付着して定着し、成形体の表面及び／又は内部に点在すると考えられる。そして、苦汁、及び／又は、珪藻土などが本来備えている微細な孔（成形体の微細な孔）は、調湿機能や消臭機能を果たすことが可能であると考えられる。このような方法で作製された製品は、成形体と、苦汁を主成分として含んでおり、成形体の表面を苦汁（苦汁の結晶）で被覆、及び／又は、内部に苦汁を浸透した製品であるといえる。 In the molding step, a molded body of the porous substrate is obtained. The molding method is not particularly limited. Water may be poured into a powdery porous substrate (diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, bag material, etc.) and molded into a mold, or a block of a porous substrate such as diatomaceous earth may be cut into a predetermined shape and molded. You may. Next, this molded body is immersed in bitterness. This immersion is a process for adding bitter to the molded body, and is performed so that the bitter comes into contact with the entire surface of the molded body. By this immersion, the surface of the molded article is covered with bitter and / or the bitter penetrates into the inside of the molded article. After the immersion step is completed, a drying step is preferably performed. In the drying step, the molded body to which the bitterness has been added is dried. Here, the drying here is, for example, natural drying, and a product is obtained by drying the molded body and bitterness. Here, in the product, bitterness does not cover and / or permeate the entire surface and / or inside of the molded body, but adheres and is fixed on a part of the surface and / or inside ( It is considered that bitter crystals adhered). Specifically, bitterness is adsorbed on fine pores (about several microns in size) formed on the surface and / or inside of the molded body, and adheres to the surface and / or inside of the molded body. It is considered that they are fixed and are scattered on the surface and / or inside of the molded article. Then, it is considered that the fine pores (fine pores of the molded body) originally provided in bitter and / or diatomaceous earth can fulfill a humidity control function and a deodorizing function. The product produced by such a method is a product containing a molded product and bitter as a main component, and the surface of the molded product is coated with bitter (crystals of bitter), and / or a product in which bitter has penetrated inside. It can be said that there is.
そして、成形体の表面を苦汁（苦汁の結晶）で被覆、及び／又は、内部に苦汁が浸透し、苦汁の結晶が付着した成形体となる。製品の表面、及び／又は、内部が崩れることで発生する粉体や破片の量を減少させることが可能になる。換言すると、苦汁の濃度を変えると付着した苦汁の結晶の量をコントロールできる。即ち、焼成した珪藻土など（未処理）よりホルムアルデヒドを、より多く吸着させることが可能である。また、多孔質基材にスラッジ灰、バグ材を用いたとしても、アンモニアガスを吸着することが可能である。 Then, the surface of the molded body is covered with bitter (crystals of bitter) and / or the bitter penetrates into the inside to form a molded body having the bitter crystals attached thereto. It becomes possible to reduce the amount of powder and debris generated when the surface and / or the inside of the product collapses. In other words, changing the concentration of bitter can control the amount of attached bitter crystals. That is, it is possible to adsorb more formaldehyde than calcined diatomaceous earth or the like (untreated). Further, even if sludge ash or bag material is used for the porous substrate, it is possible to adsorb ammonia gas.
ここで、上述の浸漬処理に用いる苦汁について、天然苦汁であるか、又は、天然苦汁が１０質量％以上、２０質量％以上又は５０質量％以上である苦汁水溶液であることが好ましい。２５％以上では、バグ材の消臭機能は良好になるが珪藻土の消臭機能が低下し始める。これにより、製品は、苦汁に被覆及び／又は浸透されていない成形体により作製されたものと比較して、室内等に存在するホルムアルデヒドを多く吸収する。また、上述の浸漬処理に用いる苦汁について、天然苦汁であるか、又は、天然苦汁が７５質量％以上である苦汁水溶液であることがさらに好ましい。これにより、製品はホルムアルデヒドをさらに多く吸収するようになる。 Here, the bitter used for the above-mentioned immersion treatment is preferably natural bitter or an aqueous bitter solution in which the natural bitter is 10% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, or 50% by mass or more. At 25% or more, the deodorizing function of the bag material becomes good, but the deodorizing function of the diatomaceous earth starts to decrease. As a result, the product absorbs more formaldehyde existing in a room or the like than a product made of a molded product that is not coated and / or impregnated with bitterness. Further, the bitter used for the above-mentioned immersion treatment is more preferably a natural bitter or a bitter aqueous solution containing 75% by mass or more of natural bitter. This allows the product to absorb more formaldehyde.
次に、第２の多孔質材の第２の製造方法について説明する。第２の製造方法は、混合工程と、成形工程と、浸漬工程と、を備える。混合工程では、粉末の多孔質基材に水を（噴霧、練り込み、又はまぶし等の所作で）混合し、多孔質基材と水の混合物を得る。多孔質基材は、生の粉末珪藻土、焼成した粉末珪藻土、スラッジ灰、バグ材などを用いる。次に、成形工程では、この混合物を成形し、混合物の成形体を得る。例えば、金型により所定の形状（例えば、置物）に成形し、乾燥処理し、成形品を得る。つぎに、浸漬工程を実施する。浸漬工程では、この成形品を希釈した苦汁に浸漬させる。これにより、多孔質基材に苦汁を添加した製品が得られる（成形品「製品」ができる）。製品は、このように多孔質基材と苦汁を主成分として作製される。 Next, a second method for manufacturing the second porous material will be described. The second manufacturing method includes a mixing step, a forming step, and a dipping step. In the mixing step, water is mixed with the powdered porous base material (by an action such as spraying, kneading, or spraying) to obtain a mixture of the porous base material and water. As the porous substrate, raw powdered diatomaceous earth, calcined powdered diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, bag material and the like are used. Next, in a molding step, the mixture is molded to obtain a molded body of the mixture. For example, it is formed into a predetermined shape (for example, an ornament) by a mold and dried to obtain a molded product. Next, an immersion step is performed. In the immersion step, the molded article is immersed in the diluted bittern. As a result, a product obtained by adding bitterness to the porous base material is obtained (a molded product “product” is obtained). The product is thus made with the porous substrate and bitter as main components.
ここで、多孔質基材に練り込まれて混合される苦汁は、天然苦汁が２０質量％以上である苦汁水溶液であることが好ましい。これにより、多孔質基材にスラッジ灰、バグ材を用いたとしても、アンモニアガスを吸着することが可能となる。 Here, the bitter kneaded into and mixed with the porous substrate is preferably an aqueous bitter solution in which natural bitter is 20% by mass or more. This makes it possible to adsorb ammonia gas even when sludge ash or bag material is used for the porous substrate.
以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と対比しながら説明し、本発明の効果を実証する。この実施例は、本発明の一実施態様を示すものであり、本発明は何らこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described in comparison with comparative examples to demonstrate the effects of the present invention. This example shows one embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（第１の多孔質材）
まず第１の多孔質材についての実施例を比較例と対比しながら説明する。
表１に示す割合で焼成珪藻土とバグ材を混合した実施例と比較例のサンプルを作成した。実施例１〜３、比較例１のサンプルは、粉末の焼成珪藻土とバグ材を以下の割合で混合した混合物に水を加えて型に流し込んで成形したものを使用した。実施例４のサンプルは、焼成した珪藻土を粉砕した粒径２〜６ｍｍの焼成珪藻土チップに水分を含ませ、水分を含ませた焼成珪藻土の表面にバグ材をまぶすことにより、バグ材で焼成珪藻土チップをコーティングしたものである。以下のサンプルについてガスの除去性能評価と崩れやすさの評価を行った。
(First porous material)
First, an example of the first porous material will be described in comparison with a comparative example.
Samples of Examples and Comparative Examples in which calcined diatomaceous earth and bag material were mixed at the ratios shown in Table 1 were prepared. The samples of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were each formed by adding water to a mixture of powdered calcined diatomaceous earth and a bag material at the following ratio, and pouring the mixture into a mold. The sample of Example 4 was prepared by sintering diatomaceous earth with a bag material by impregnating a diatomaceous earth chip having a particle size of 2 to 6 mm, which was obtained by pulverizing baked diatomaceous earth with moisture, and dusting the surface of the baked diatomaceous earth with moisture. It is a coated tip. The following samples were evaluated for gas removal performance and easiness of collapse.
１）ガスの除去性能評価
実施例１〜３と比較例１のサンプルのガスの除去性能評価を実施した。ここで評価したガスは、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスである。また、実施例１のサンプルについてはホルムアルデヒドガスについても評価した。評価結果を表２〜５に示す。アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガス、ホルムアルデヒドガスの吸着性能は、ＳＥＫマーク繊維製品認証基準で定める方法（一般社団法人繊維評価技術協議会）に基づいて測定された。具体的には、スマートバッグＰＡ（ジーエルサイエンス株式会社製）に、製品の一部（試験片１ｇ）と所定のガスを封入し、２時間経過後のガスの減少量を検知管法により測定した。ガスの減少量（減少率）は、１００×（空試験の平均値−測定の平均値）／空試験の平均値で計算した。アンモニアガスおよびホルムアルデヒドガスの減少率は、５０％以上を良好、５０％未満を不良とした。酢酸ガスおよびイソ吉草酸ガスの減少率は、９０％以上を良好、９０％未満を不良とした。
1) Evaluation of gas removal performance The samples of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were evaluated for gas removal performance. The gases evaluated here are ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas. The sample of Example 1 was also evaluated for formaldehyde gas. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 2 to 5. The adsorption performance of ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, isovaleric acid gas, and formaldehyde gas was measured based on the method specified by the SEK Mark Textile Product Certification Standard (Fiber Evaluation Technology Council). Specifically, a part of the product (1 g of a test piece) and a predetermined gas were sealed in a smart bag PA (manufactured by GL Science Co., Ltd.), and the gas reduction amount after 2 hours was measured by a detection tube method. . The gas reduction amount (reduction rate) was calculated as 100 × (average value of blank test−average value of measurement) / average value of blank test. The reduction rate of the ammonia gas and the formaldehyde gas was determined to be good at 50% or more and poor at less than 50%. The reduction rate of acetic acid gas and isovaleric acid gas was determined to be good when 90% or more, and poor when less than 90%.
実施例１〜４のアンモニアガスの減少率は、表２に示すように、６７％以上であり良好であった。これに対して、比較例１のアンモニアガスの減少率は、３１％であり不良であった。実施例１〜４、比較例１の酢酸ガスの減少率は、表３に示すように、９３％以上であり良好であった。実施例１〜４、比較例１のイソ吉草酸ガスの減少率は、表４に示すように、９６％以上であり良好であった。実施例１のホルムアルデヒドガスの減少率は、表５に示すように、６７％であり良好であった。 As shown in Table 2, the reduction rate of ammonia gas in Examples 1 to 4 was 67% or more, which was good. On the other hand, the reduction rate of ammonia gas in Comparative Example 1 was 31%, which was poor. As shown in Table 3, the reduction rate of acetic acid gas in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 was 93% or more, which was good. As shown in Table 4, the reduction rate of isovaleric acid gas in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 was 96% or more, which was good. As shown in Table 5, the reduction rate of the formaldehyde gas in Example 1 was 67%, which was good.
以上から、実施例１〜４では、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスについて減少率が、良好であった。また、実施例１では、ホルムアルデヒドガスについて減少率が、良好であった。これに対して、比較例１では、酢酸ガスとイソ吉草酸ガスの減少率は、良好であったが、アンモニアガスの減少率は不良であった。従って、第１の多孔質材は、珪藻土を含むことで、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着できることがわかった。 As described above, in Examples 1 to 4, the reduction rates of ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas were good. In Example 1, the reduction rate of the formaldehyde gas was good. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the reduction rates of acetic acid gas and isovaleric acid gas were good, but the reduction rates of ammonia gas were poor. Therefore, it was found that the first porous material can adsorb ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas by including diatomaceous earth.
２）崩れやすさの評価
実施例１〜４と比較例２の崩れやすさの評価を行った。比較例２は、珪藻土を１００質量％含むものである。崩れやすさの評価は、サンプルの表面を指でこすり、粉が出るか否かにより実施した。実施例１〜４のサンプルの表面を指でこすって出た粉の量は、比較例２のサンプルの表面を指でこすって出た粉の量より少なかった。また、実施例３のサンプルを指でこすって出た粉の量は、最も少なく、実施例２のサンプルを指でこすって出た粉の量は、次に少なく、実施例１のサンプルを指でこすって出た粉の量は、その次に少なかった。これにより、実施例１〜３のサンプルは、珪藻土を１００質量％含む比較例２のサンプルより崩れにくいことがわかった。また、バグ材の含有率が多いほど崩れにくいことがわかった。これにより、第１の多孔質材は、バグ材を５０％以上含むまたはバグ材でコーティングすることで、崩れにくいことがわかった。
2) Evaluation of easiness of collapse The easiness of collapse of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 2 was evaluated. Comparative Example 2 contains diatomaceous earth at 100% by mass. The evaluation of the easiness of collapse was carried out by rubbing the surface of the sample with a finger and determining whether or not powder came out. The amount of powder that rubbed the surface of the samples of Examples 1 to 4 with a finger was smaller than the amount of powder that rubbed the surface of the sample of Comparative Example 2 with a finger. The amount of powder rubbed with the finger of the sample of Example 3 was the smallest, and the amount of powder rubbed of the sample of Example 2 with the finger was the next smallest. The amount of powder rubbed out was the second lowest. Thus, it was found that the samples of Examples 1 to 3 were less likely to collapse than the sample of Comparative Example 2 containing 100% by mass of diatomaceous earth. Also, it was found that the higher the content ratio of the bug material, the more difficult it was to collapse. Thus, it was found that the first porous material hardly collapsed when the first porous material contained at least 50% of the bug material or was coated with the bug material.
（第２の多孔質材）
つぎに、第２の多孔質材についての実施例５と実施例６のサンプルを作成し、比較例と対比しながら説明する。
(Second porous material)
Next, the samples of Example 5 and Example 6 for the second porous material were prepared, and are described in comparison with Comparative Examples.
（実施例５）
バグ材と苦汁とを主成分として含む実施例５を作成して、上述した比較例１とガスの除去性能評価を行った。２５質量％苦汁は、天然苦汁を２５質量％に希釈したものである。実施例５のサンプルは、第２の多孔質材の第２の製造方法により作成されたものである。具体的には、バグ材に２５質量％苦汁水溶液を混合し苦汁混合物を作成する。その苦汁混合物を、サンプル形状に成形したものを用いた。
(Example 5)
Example 5 including a bag material and bitter as main components was prepared, and the gas removal performance evaluation was performed with Comparative Example 1 described above. The 25% by mass bitter is obtained by diluting natural bitter to 25% by mass. The sample of Example 5 was produced by the second method for producing a second porous material. Specifically, a 25% by mass bitter aqueous solution is mixed with the bag material to prepare a bitter mixture. The bitter mixture formed into a sample shape was used.
ガスの除去性能評価
実施例５のサンプルのガスの除去性能評価を実施した。ここで評価したガスは、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスである。評価結果を表６〜８に示す。アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスの吸着性能は、第１の多孔質材で実施した方法と同じ方法で実施した。
Evaluation of gas removal performance The gas removal performance of the sample of Example 5 was evaluated. The gases evaluated here are ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas. Tables 6 to 8 show the evaluation results. The adsorption performance of ammonia gas, acetic acid gas and isovaleric acid gas was carried out by the same method as the method used for the first porous material.
実施例５のアンモニアガスの減少率は、表６に示すように、９４％であり良好であった。これに対して、上述した比較例１のアンモニアガスの減少率は、３１％であり不良であった。表７に示すように、実施例５、比較例１の酢酸ガスの減少率は、９６、９８％であり良好であった。表８に示すように、実施例５、比較例１のイソ吉草酸ガスの減少率は、９５％以上であり良好であった。 As shown in Table 6, the reduction rate of ammonia gas in Example 5 was 94%, which was good. On the other hand, the reduction rate of the ammonia gas in Comparative Example 1 was 31%, which was poor. As shown in Table 7, the reduction rates of acetic acid gas in Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 were 96 and 98%, which were good. As shown in Table 8, the reduction rate of isovaleric acid gas in Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 was 95% or more, which was good.
以上から、実施例５では、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスについて減少率が、良好であった。これに対して、比較例１では、酢酸ガスとイソ吉草酸ガスの減少率は、良好であったが、アンモニアガスの減少率は不良であった。従って、第２の多孔質材は、苦汁を含むことで、アンモニアガス、酢酸ガス、イソ吉草酸ガスを吸着できることがわかった。 As described above, in Example 5, the reduction rates of ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas were good. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the reduction rates of acetic acid gas and isovaleric acid gas were good, but the reduction rates of ammonia gas were poor. Therefore, it was found that the second porous material can adsorb ammonia gas, acetic acid gas, and isovaleric acid gas by including bitterness.
（実施例６）
珪藻土と苦汁とを主成分として含む実施例６のサンプルと、苦汁を含まない珪藻土のみの比較例３のサンプルと、を作成して、実施例６と比較例３のガスの除去性能評価を行った。実施例６のサンプルは、第２の多孔質材の第２の製造方法により作成されたものである。具体的には、バグ材に苦汁を混合し苦汁混合物を作成する。その苦汁混合物を、サンプル形状に成形したものを用いた。
(Example 6)
A sample of Example 6 containing diatomaceous earth and bitter as main components and a sample of Comparative Example 3 containing only diatomaceous earth not containing bitter were prepared, and the gas removal performance of Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 was evaluated. Was. The sample of Example 6 was produced by the second method for producing a second porous material. Specifically, bitter is mixed with the bag material to prepare a bitter mixture. The bitter mixture formed into a sample shape was used.
ガスの除去性能評価
実施例６と比較例３のサンプルのガスの除去性能評価を実施した。ここで評価したガスは、ホルムアルデヒドガスである。評価結果を表９に示す。ホルムアルデヒドガスの吸着性能は、第１の多孔質材で実施した方法と同じ方法で実施した。
Evaluation of gas removal performance The samples of Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 were evaluated for gas removal performance. The gas evaluated here is formaldehyde gas. Table 9 shows the evaluation results. The adsorption performance of the formaldehyde gas was carried out by the same method as that carried out with the first porous material.
以上から、実施例６では、ホルムアルデヒドガスについて減少率が、良好であった。これに対して、比較例３では、ホルムアルデヒドガスの減少率は不良であった。従って、第２の多孔質材は、珪藻土と苦汁とを含むことで、ホルムアルデヒドガスを吸着できることがわかった。 As described above, in Example 6, the reduction rate of the formaldehyde gas was good. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the reduction rate of the formaldehyde gas was poor. Therefore, it was found that the second porous material can adsorb formaldehyde gas by containing diatomaceous earth and bitterness.
１０ 珪藻土チップ
２０ コーティング層
10
Claims (11)
ことを特徴とする、多孔質材。 Including diatomaceous earth and sludge ash or bag material as main components,
A porous material, characterized in that:
前記スラッジ灰または前記バグ材を５０質量％以上１００質量％未満含む、
ことを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の多孔質材。 The diatomaceous earth contains more than 0% by mass and 50% by mass or less,
Including the sludge ash or the bag material in an amount of 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass,
The porous material according to claim 1, wherein:
ことを特徴とする、請求項１または２に記載の多孔質材。 Diatomaceous earth chips obtained by crushing the diatomaceous earth, and a coating layer of the sludge ash or the bag material on the surface of the diatomaceous earth chips,
The porous material according to claim 1, wherein:
ことを特徴とする、多孔質材。 Including a porous base material and bitterness as main components,
A porous material, characterized in that:
ことを特徴とする、請求項４に記載の多孔質材。 The bitterness is attached to a part of the surface and / or the inside of the porous substrate,
The porous material according to claim 4, wherein:
ことを特徴とする、請求項４または５に記載の多孔質材。 The porous substrate includes diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, bag material, or a mixture thereof,
The porous material according to claim 4 or 5, wherein:
前記混合体に水を加えて、加水混合体を得、前記加水混合体を型に入れて成形体を得る成形工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする、多孔質材の製造方法。 A mixing step of mixing diatomaceous earth and sludge ash or bag material to obtain a mixture;
A molding step of adding water to the mixture to obtain a hydrated mixture, and placing the hydrated mixture in a mold to obtain a molded body,
A method for producing a porous material, comprising:
前記成形体を苦汁に浸漬させる浸漬工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする、多孔質材の製造方法。 A molding step of obtaining a molded body of a porous substrate,
An immersion step of immersing the molded body in bitterness,
A method for producing a porous material, comprising:
ことを特徴とする、請求項８に記載の多孔質材の製造方法。 In the forming step, the porous substrate includes diatomaceous earth, sludge ash, bag material, or a mixture thereof,
The method for producing a porous material according to claim 8, wherein:
ことを特徴とする、請求項８または９に記載の多孔質材の製造方法。 In the immersion step, the bitter is natural bitter, or a bitter aqueous solution containing 10% by mass or more of natural bitter,
The method for producing a porous material according to claim 8, wherein:
前記混合物の成形体を得る成形工程と、
前記成形体を希釈した苦汁に浸漬させる浸漬工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする、多孔質材の製造方法。 Mixing water with the powdered porous substrate, a mixing step of obtaining a mixture of the porous substrate and water,
A molding step of obtaining a molded body of the mixture,
An immersion step of immersing the molded body in diluted bitter,
A method for producing a porous material, comprising:
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| CN116639965A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-25 | 福建省鑫森炭业股份有限公司 | Honeycomb type active carbon with irregular structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN116639965B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2024-02-20 | 福建省鑫森炭业股份有限公司 | Honeycomb type active carbon with irregular structure and preparation method thereof |
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