JP2020028721A - 脳画像パイプライン及び脳画像領域の位置及び形状予測のための方法並びにシステム - Google Patents
脳画像パイプライン及び脳画像領域の位置及び形状予測のための方法並びにシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
電子デバイスが、データセット及び患者のデータの両方に7テスラ、3テスラ、又は1.5テスラ磁石のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
「電子デバイス」は、パーソナルコンピュータ、ラップトップ、タブレット、スマートフォン、及び本明細書に記載される用途をサポート可能な任意の他の電子デバイスを含むものとして定義される。
1.5T-MRIが、以下の標準臨床プロトコルを用いて取得された。まず、i)画像パラメータとして、FOV=192×256×176mm3、分解能0.98×0.98×1mm3、TR=1650ms、TE=3.02ms、公称フリップ角15°、帯域幅179Hz/ピクセルを用い、シーメンス(Siemens)社のT1W-AX-T1-MPR臨床プロトコルを使用してT1W画像を取得した。また、ii)画像パラメータとして、FOV:172×230×192mm3、分解能0.72×0.72×2.0mm3、TR/TEは2500/249msec、フリップ角120度、帯域幅539Hz/ピクセル、及び2平均を用いて、市販のシーメンス(Siemens)社のT2W-AX-T2-3D-SPC(スピンエコー)臨床プロトコルを使用してT2W画像を取得した。
事前処理。大脳基底核及び視床領域内の皮質下構造−SN、赤核(RN)、淡蒼球内節(GPi)、及び視床(Tha)は、STNへの隣接性及び分割するための可視性を考慮して、7T-MRIでのSTNの潜在的な予測子として選ばれる。1.5T(又は臨床)MRIデータでは、唯一検出可能なRN構造が、STNの予測子として使用される(その他の構造は、典型的な臨床撮像で識別することは難しいことがあり、識別可能な場合には使用することができる)。
統計学的形状モデルは、トレーニング形状セットから解剖学的構造の形状のばらつきについての事前情報を利用できるようにする。一般的な統計学的形状モデルは点分布モデル(PDM:point distributioon model)に基づき、PDMは、表面に沿って分布する1組のランドマーク点(すなわち、メッシュ内の頂点)によって形状を表し、形状のばらつきをモデリングする。特に、トレーニング形状のランドマーク点の中の対応性が、各形状のばらつきを捕捉し、形状予測の回帰モデルを構築するために必要とされる。最小記述長(MDL:minimum description length)ベースの手法が、有効な形状対応性方法として認識されている。トレーニング形状セットにわたるそのようなランドマークを対応して得るために、MDLベースの方法を採用し、この方法はまず、トレーニング形状への球形メッシュパラメータ化の等角写像によってランドマークを生成し、次に、勾配降下アルゴリズムを適用することによって対応性を最適化する。5つの7T-MRトレーニングセットにわたるSN、STN、RN、GPi、及びTha(これらの重要な構造を本発明の例として使用することを想起し、本技法は他の領域にも同様に適用される)の3D形状及び表面に沿って分布したランドマーク点は対応して、図10に示されている。
本開示の方法は、STN(又は予測する形状/領域)の形状パラメータ及び姿勢と、トレーニングセットでの予測子の形状パラメータ及び姿勢との依存性を見つける回帰問題に更に対処する。形状予測は劣決定(すなわち、低サンプルサイズ及び高次元問題)であるため、バイアス線形回帰が好ましいが、他の予測ツールも同様に使用可能である。
t=Xw,f=Yg、但し、wTw=1,tTt=1…(17)
によって得られ、X及びYの列の線形結合が最大共分散を有することはtTfが最大であることを意味する。
形状及び姿勢を予測する枠組みが、開示される方法について導出されている。予測方法によって使用される実際の形状について以下に更に開示する。
本開示で紹介される特定の実施形態の幾つかの価値を強調するために、これより、例示の形態で、上で説明され例示した実装形態を使用して得た実験結果の幾つかを説明する。
本開示の方法のSTNの予測が、7T-MRからの各構造−SN、RN、GPi、又はTha−を使用して実行され、そのような予測子の予測性能を評価した。各データセットでの構造のトレーニングセットは、1個抜き(leave-one-out)法を使用して構築される。例えば、データセット1のトレーニングセットは、データセット1からの構造を除いたデータセット2、3、4、及び5からの各構造のランドマーク点ベクトルからなる。ここで5つのセットが例示のために使用されるが、本開示の構成要素は任意の数のトレーニングデータセットに適用される。
高磁場(7T)MR撮像は、優れたコントラスト及びより高い分解能に起因して、STNの視覚化に成功し、隣接構造SNを分離した。しかし、7T-MRデータは、標準の臨床用途に常に利用可能であるとは限らない。したがって、従来の臨床1.5T(又は3T)データでのSTN予測は、DBS標的及び手術後プログラミングについて極めて重要な情報を提供することができる。4つの(説明のための例として)1.5T-MRデータセットでのSTNの予測は、臨床1.5T-MRIで可視のRN構造のみを使用して実行した。この比較のために、対応する(同じ被験者の)7T-MRデータセットでのRNを使用して得られた予測結果と、1.5T及び7T-MRテストセットの両方に位置合わせされたトレーニングデータセットにわたるSTNの形状の平均とを提示する。
Claims (7)
- 電子デバイスを作動させる脳画像パイプライン方法であって、
予測子領域および関心領域を有する患者の脳画像と当該脳画像の特性を示す患者情報とを受信するステップと、
前記患者の脳画像とは異なる複数の脳画像と前記患者の脳画像とは異なる当該複数の脳画像の各々の特性を示すデータベース画像情報とを有するとともに、複数の異なるタイプの画像を含むデータベース(214)にアクセスするステップと、ここで、前記データベース画像情報は、撮像モダリティの1つまたは複数を含み、
前記データベース(214)から前記患者の脳画像の前記患者情報に一致するデータベース画像情報を有する複数の脳画像の患者固有のトレーニングセットを取得するステップであって、前記トレーニングセットの各脳画像は前記予測子領域とは解剖学的に異なる関心領域に関連付けられた予測子領域を有し、前記トレーニングセットの各脳画像の前記予測子領域は、前記患者の脳画像の前記予測子領域に対応しており、前記トレーニングセットの各脳画像の前記関心領域は、前記患者の脳画像の前記関心領域に対応している、前記複数の脳画像の患者固有のトレーニングセットを取得するステップと、
前記複数の脳画像の患者固有のトレーニングセットを処理して、前記複数の脳画像の前記トレーニングセット内の前記予測子領域の形状、位置、サイズ、または向きに対する前記複数の脳画像の前記トレーニングセット内の前記関心領域の形状、位置、サイズ、または向きの関係に基づいて、予測形状、位置、サイズ、または向きのうちの1つまたは複数を有する予測された関心領域を表す予測子情報を抽出するステップと、
前記予測子情報を用いて前記患者の脳画像を処理して、前記患者の脳画像の前記予測子領域に対して前記患者の脳画像内に前記予測形状、位置、サイズ、または向きのうちの1つまたは複数を有する前記予測された関心領域を組み込むことにより、患者固有アトラスを生成するステップとを含む方法。 - 移植挿入後の前記患者の脳を示す移植後画像を受信するステップと、
前記移植後画像を前記患者固有アトラスとマージして、移植後複合画像を作成するステップとをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 移植後画像を受信することは、電極を前記患者の視床下核に挿入した後、前記患者の脳を示す画像を受信することを含み、
方法は、前記電極のプログラミングの支援として、前記電極を含む移植後画像を表示するステップをさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 前記患者固有アトラスに、標的および標的に到達するために辿る外科処置の経路のうちの一方または両方を組み込むステップと、
組み込まれた標的および経路のうちの一方または両方を使用して、前記患者固有アトラスを表示するステップとをさらに含む、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記患者の脳画像を処理して前記患者固有のアトラスを生成するステップは、視床下核を含む患者固有のアトラスを生成することを含み、
前記患者固有アトラスに標的および経路のうちの一方または両方を組み込むステップは、視床下核を含む前記患者固有のアトラスに標的および経路の一方または両方を組み込むことを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。 - 脳画像の前記患者固有のトレーニングセットを処理するステップは、脳画像の前記患者固有のトレーニングセットを処理して、予測形状および位置を有する予測された関心領域を表す予測子情報を抽出することを含み、
前記患者の脳画像を処理することは、前記予測子情報を使用して前記患者の脳画像を処理して、予測形状および位置を有する前記予測された関心領域を前記患者の脳画像に組み込むことを含む、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 電子デバイスを動作させる脳画像パイプライン方法であって、
患者の脳画像を受信するステップと、
磁気共鳴画像を含む複数の脳画像を含むデータベースから1つ又は複数の追加の脳画像を受信するステップであって、各追加の脳画像は前記患者の脳画像と異なり、且つ前記患者の脳の解剖学的構造の表現の正確性を最大化するような特徴を有する、当該追加の脳画像を受信するステップと、
前記患者の脳画像及び各追加の脳画像を処理するステップであって、前記患者の脳画像の少なくとも一部分及び各追加の脳画像の少なくとも一部分をマージして患者固有アトラスを生成することを含む、前記脳画像を処理するステップと
を含む方法。
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