JP2020002335A - カチオン伝導性ポリマー - Google Patents
カチオン伝導性ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 C*(O*(*)*)Oc1ccc(*(c2cc(C(F)(F)F)c(**)cc2)S(O)(=O)=O)cc1C(F)(F)F Chemical compound C*(O*(*)*)Oc1ccc(*(c2cc(C(F)(F)F)c(**)cc2)S(O)(=O)=O)cc1C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- VXCWZFACTUFWQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=Cc(cc(-c1ccccc1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1)c1-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound C=Cc(cc(-c1ccccc1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1)c1-c1ccccc1 VXCWZFACTUFWQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGWNYRVOPRAMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(c(cc(cc1)-c2ccccc2)c1F)(F)F Chemical compound FC(c(cc(cc1)-c2ccccc2)c1F)(F)F FGWNYRVOPRAMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGVGHYOIWIALFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(c1ccccc1F)(F)F Chemical compound FC(c1ccccc1F)(F)F BGVGHYOIWIALFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012028 Fenton's reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccccc1 Chemical compound c1ccccc1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MGZTXXNFBIUONY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;iron(2+);sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Fe+2].OO.OS(O)(=O)=O MGZTXXNFBIUONY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/485—Polyphenylene oxides
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Abstract
Description
イオン交換膜燃料電池は水素を燃料とし、反応後には水及び熱エネルギーのみが生成されるため、いかなる環境汚染も招かない。
電子は外部回路を経由して陰極に伝送され、陽子はイオン交換膜を経て陰極端の触媒層に伝送される。
また、陰極に供給される酸素及び陰極に伝送される電子が還元反応を発生させることにより水が生成される。
陽極反応式は「H2→2H++2e-」と表され、陰極反応式は「4H++4e-+O2→2H2O」と表され、総反応式は「2H2+O2→2H2O」と表される。
公知の先行技術文献としては、例えば特許文献1がある。
市場でよくあるイオン交換膜はデュポン社製のナフィオン(Nafion、登録商標)を主とする。これは、パーフルオロスルホン酸アイオノマー(perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer、PFSA)に属する。
Nafion(登録商標)は高いプロトン伝導性及び60000時間以上の耐用年数等の長所を有するが、但し、以下の欠点も存在する。
(1)高温低湿度の環境では水分子を保留できず、プロトン伝導性が低下する。
(2)ガラス転移温度(Tg)が低すぎるため、高温環境では使用できない。
(3)価格が高い。
(4)環境汚染に繋がる。
ゆえに、現在イオン交換膜の研究開発の多くはNafion(登録商標)を代替する方向へと発展している。
然しながら、フッ素含有モノマーは親水性及び導電性に影響を及ぼすため、上述のフッ素含有スルホン化ポリ芳香族エーテルポリマーは燃料電池のイオン交換膜への応用に不利であった。
本発明に係るカチオン伝導性ポリマーは、以下の化学式1で表され、化学式2〜9で表される構造を各々有する複数の重複する単位を含む。
式中、SO3Hは親水性スルホン酸基であり、iは1以上の整数であり、jは1以上の整数である。
好ましくは、iは1乃至10の整数であり、jは1乃至10の整数である。
より好ましくは、i及びjの合計は2乃至4の整数であり、即ち、各前記重複する単位は2乃至4つのスルホン酸基を有する。
本実施例においては、化学式22で表されるジフルオロモノマー
ジフルオロモノマーa及びジオールモノマーbが求核性重縮合反応を経るとP2ポリマーが生成される。
P2ポリマーがジクロロメタン(dichloromethane)に溶解され、且つ窒素環境下でクロロスルホン酸(chlorosulfonic acid)が滴下されてスルホン化され、反応が完成した後に生成物が水中に入れられて、濾過されると共に中性になるように洗浄される。
最後に、生成物が真空乾燥されるとSP2ポリマーが獲得される。表2はSP1、SP2、及びSP3ポリマーの試験データを表示する。
寸法安定性は、サンプル薄膜が80・Cの水中に24時間浸された後、処理前後の薄膜の寸法の差異(長さ、幅、及び厚さ)に基づいて計算された。
プロトン伝導性は、高温高湿度の環境(80℃、95%の相対湿度)で伝導性試験を行い、試験結果からは、SP1、SP2、及びSP3ポリマーが良好な酸化安定性、寸法安定性、及びプロトン伝導性を有することが分かった。
表3は分子量が異なるSP2−H、SP2−M、及びSP2−Lポリマーとデュポン社のナフィオンNafion 211(DuPont(登録商標)、Nafion(登録商標)、PFSA NR-211)との性質を比較した表である。
酸化安定性試験は、薄膜サンプルが80℃のフェントン試薬(Fenton' reagent, 2ppm FeSO4 in 3% H2O2 solution)中に1時間浸され、処理前後のサンプルの重量の差異に基づいてサンプルの残余重量が計算される。SP2ポリマーは酸化処理を経た後にも90%以上の残余重量を保留しており、良好な酸化安定性を有する。
寸法安定性及び吸水率試験は、薄膜サンプルが80℃の水中に24時間浸され、浸漬前後の薄膜の長さ及び厚さの差異に基づいてその変化率が計算され、且つ浸漬前後の薄膜の重量の差異に基づいてその吸水率が計算される。SP2ポリマーの吸水率は84%から146%の間の範囲であり、Nafion(登録商標)より明らかに高いが、但し、寸法変化率は吸水率に連れて明確に高まることはなかった。よって、Nafion(登録商標) 211と比較すると、SP2ポリマーは高温の水中では膨潤現象が減少する。
イオン交換容量は、酸塩基滴定法による試験を行い、サンプルのスルホン化程度を判断させる。
プロトン伝導性はスルホン化程度の進行に連れて向上し、試験結果に基づくと、SP2ポリマーのイオン交換容量及びプロトン伝導性は共にNafion(登録商標) 211より高く、予期した通りの結果となる。
また、多重フェニル構造及びトリフルオロメチル基によりポリマーの溶解度が向上し、長鎖構造を有する高分子量ポリマーの形成に有利になり、前記カチオン伝導性ポリマーが高い分子鎖凝集により良好な物理的架橋結合を形成するため、塗布形成される薄膜が膨潤しにくくなり、且つ高い自由体積を有する。
よって、本発明に係る前記カチオン伝導性ポリマーは良好な機械的性質及び寸法安定性を有する。
Claims (7)
- 前記iは1乃至10の整数であり、前記jは1乃至10の整数であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のカチオン伝導性ポリマー。
- 各前記重複する単位は2乃至4つのスルホン酸基(−SO3H)を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のカチオン伝導性ポリマー。
- 各前記重複する単位は2乃至4つのスルホン酸基(−SO3H)を有することを特徴とする、請求項4乃至6の何れか1項に記載のカチオン伝導性ポリマー。
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