JP2019529582A - 高度に絡み合ったナノフィブリルを有する、等方化され、「すぐに使える」プラスチックペレット及び製造の方法 - Google Patents
高度に絡み合ったナノフィブリルを有する、等方化され、「すぐに使える」プラスチックペレット及び製造の方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
i)工業規模の溶融紡糸又はメルト‐ブローン/スパン‐ボンド装置を使用したin situナノフィブリルの複合材の製造、続いて緩和されたマトリクス及び高度に絡み合ったナノフィブリルを有する、ナノフィブリルの複合ペレットの連続製造と、
(ii)完全に生分解性でない、部分的に生分解性である、又は完全に生分解性であるポリマから成る、緩和されたマトリクス及び高度に絡み合ったナノフィブリルを有する、in situナノフィブリルのペレットを含む、本方法により製造された製品と
に関する。加えて、本開示は、優れた機械的特性を有するin situナノフィブリルの複合材及び/又は複合発泡体の製造に関する。
i)工業規模の溶融紡糸又はメルト‐ブローン/スパン‐ボンド装置を使用したin situナノフィブリルの複合材の製造、続いて緩和されたマトリクス及び高度に絡み合ったナノフィブリルを有する、ナノフィブリルの複合ペレットの連続製造と、
(ii)完全に生分解性でない、部分的に生分解性である、又は完全に生分解性であるポリマから成る、緩和されたマトリクス及び高度に絡み合ったナノフィブリルを有する、in situナノフィブリルのペレットを含む、製品と
に関するプロセスを提供する。加えて、本発明は、優れた機械的特性を有するin situナノフィブリルの複合材及び/又は複合発泡体の製造に関する。
a)少なくとも2つのポリマA及びBの混合物を共に溶融押し出しし、ポリマA及びBのポリマ混合物を製造する工程であって、TmB>TmAである、工程と、
b)ポリマ混合物を従来の繊維紡績装置内に供給し、熱延伸又はメルトブローイングを実行し、ポリマAにより形成されたマトリクス内に含まれるポリマBのナノフィブリルから構成される複合材料押出物を製造する工程であって、ナノフィブリルは、約100より大きいアスペクト比を有する、工程と、
c)前記複合材料を等方化/緩和工程に供し、ポリマAにより形成されたマトリクスの緩和を誘発する工程と、
d)複合材料押出物をペレット化し、ペレットを製造する工程であって、緩和工程に起因して、ペレット中のポリマBのナノフィブリルは、等方性であり、絡み合っていることにより特徴付けられる、工程と
を備える。
Claims (30)
- in situナノフィブリルの全‐ポリマ複合ペレットの製造の方法であって、
a)少なくとも2つのポリマA及びBの混合物を共に溶融押し出しし、ポリマA及びBのポリマ混合物を製造する工程であって、TmB>TmAである、工程と、
b)前記ポリマ混合物を従来の繊維紡績装置内に供給し、熱延伸又はメルトブローイングを実行し、ポリマAにより形成されたマトリクス内に含まれるポリマBのナノフィブリルから構成される複合材料押出物を製造する工程であって、前記ナノフィブリルは、約100より大きいアスペクト比を有する、工程と、
c)前記複合材料押出物を等方化/緩和工程に供し、ポリマAにより形成された前記マトリクスの緩和を誘発する工程と、 d)前記複合材料押出物をペレット化し、ペレットを製造する工程であって、前記緩和工程に起因して、前記ペレット中のポリマBのナノフィブリルは、等方性であり、絡み合っている、工程と
を備える、
方法。 - ポリマBは、ポリマAの融点TmAより少なくとも60℃高い融点TmBを有する半結晶性ポリマである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリマBは、ポリマAの融点TmAより少なくとも80℃高い融点TmBを有する半結晶性ポリマである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリマAは、ポリマBの前記TmBより少なくとも60℃低い融点TmAを有する半結晶性ポリマである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリマAは、ポリマBの前記TmBより少なくとも80℃低い融点TmAを有する半結晶性ポリマである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリマAは、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリ(乳酸)(PLA)、及びポリビニルアルコール(PVOH)の何れか1つ又は組み合わせである、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマBは、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリ(乳酸)(PLA)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、及びポリメチルペンテン(TPX)の何れか1つ又は組み合わせである、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレットは、約400nm未満の平均直径を有する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレットは、約300nm未満の平均直径を有する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレットは、約200nm未満の平均直径を有する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレットは、約100nm未満の平均直径を有する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレットは、約50nm未満の平均直径を有する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノフィブリルは、少なくとも約1000のアスペクト比を有する、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノフィブリルは、少なくとも約10,000のアスペクト比を有する、請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマA及びポリマBは、約0より大きい相互作用性溶解パラメータ(.chi.)を有する、請求項1から14の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマA及びポリマBは、約1より大きい相互作用性溶解パラメータ(.chi.)を有する、請求項1から14の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記複合材料押出物からポリマAにより形成された前記マトリクスを溶解させ、ポリマBにより形成された前記ナノフィブリルを溶解させない溶媒で複合繊維を処理する工程を更に備える、請求項1から16の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマA及びポリマBは、約95:5と約50:50との間の質量比で前記混合物中に存在する、請求項1から17の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマA及びポリマBは、約80:20と約50:50との間の質量比で前記混合物中に存在する、請求項1から17の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物は更に、1又は複数の添加剤を含み、前記1又は複数の添加剤は、抗酸化剤、帯電防止剤、ブルーミング剤、着色剤、難燃剤、潤滑剤、過酸化物、安定剤、及び湿潤剤の何れか1つ又は組み合わせである、請求項1から19の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物を製造する前記工程は、約150℃から約400℃の範囲の処理温度で実行される、請求項1から20の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレットの製造の前記工程は、約5kg/hから約1000kg/hの範囲にある、ペレットの質量出力を与えるように制御される、請求項1から21の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2つのポリマA及びBの前記混合物は更に、前記ナノフィブリルのモルフォロジを改善するために選択されるカップリング剤を含む、請求項1から22の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カップリング剤は、グラフト化/ブロックポリマである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記カップリング剤は、無水マレイン酸グラフト化ポリプロピレン(MA‐g‐PP)、無水マレイン酸グラフト化ポリエチレン(MA‐g‐PE)、及び熱可塑性ポリオレフィンの何れか1つ又は組み合わせである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2つのポリマA及びBの前記混合物は更に、ポリマAの粘度と合致するように前記ポリマBの分子量を調整するために選択される1又は複数の種類の化学剤を含む、請求項1から25の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記化学剤は、約1:1であるポリマAのポリマBに対する粘度比を与えるように選択され、前記混合物中に存在する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記複合材料押出物を等方化/緩和工程に供する工程c)は、押し出し、射出、及び圧縮/蒸気成形のうちの何れか1つにより達成される、請求項1から27の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から28の何れか一項に記載の方法により製造されるペレットであって、前記ペレットは、製品を作製するために射出成形、押し出し、圧縮成形で使用される、
ペレット。 - 請求項1から28の何れか一項に記載の方法により製造されるペレットであって、前記ペレットは、射出成形発泡、押し出し発泡、ビーズ発泡、蒸気箱成形で使用される、
ペレット。
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