JP2019528781A - 改善された光感受性を有するチャネルオプシン変異体における突然変異の特定及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
改善された光感受性を有するチャネルオプシン変異体における突然変異の特定及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、その内容が全体として参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる2016年8月29日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/380,871号に対する米国特許法119条(c)のもとでの優先権を主張する。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所/国立眼病研究所の助成金NIH EY17130のもとで米国政府の支援によって行われた。政府は本発明に特定の権利を有する。
電子出願されたテキストファイルの説明
添えて電子出願されたテキストファイル:配列表のコンピュータ可読形式のコピー(ファイル名:2017年8月29日と日付が記録された24kbのファイルサイズのRTRO−707/001WO_SeqList_ST25.txt)の内容は全体として参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明は一般に分子生物学の分野に関する。チャネルオプシン変異体遺伝子(CoChop)における突然変異が特定される。突然変異体CoChop遺伝子を含む組成物が治療方法で使用される。たとえば、突然変異体CoChop遺伝子を含む組成物は視力喪失を改善し、且つ回復させる。
本発明の一部の態様では、本開示の組成物及び方法は、それを必要とする対象または患者における細胞へのmCoChop(突然変異体CoChop)をコードする核酸の送達を提供する。場合によっては、核酸の送達は遺伝子治療と呼ばれてもよい。
医薬組成物は、1以上の有効成分と同様に1以上の賦形剤、キャリア、安定剤または増量剤を含有する製剤であり、それは所望の診断結果または治療効果または予防効果を達成するためにヒト患者に投与するのに好適である。保存安定性及び取り扱いの利便性のために、医薬組成物は、患者に投与するのに先立って生理食塩水または水で再構成することができる凍結乾燥した(すなわち、凍結して乾燥させた)または真空乾燥した粉末として製剤化することができる。或いは、医薬組成物は水溶液として製剤化することができる。医薬組成物はタンパク性の有効成分を含有することができる。たとえば、アルブミン及びゼラチンのような種々の賦形剤を様々な成功度で使用して医薬組成物に存在するタンパク質有効成分を安定化しようとしている。さらに、アルコールのような凍結保護剤を使用して凍結乾燥の凍結条件下でのタンパク質の変性を減らしている。
本開示に有用な組成物及び試薬がキットに包装されて本開示の適用を円滑にしてもよい。一部の態様では、本方法は、本開示の組換え核酸を含むキットを提供する。一部の態様では、本方法は本開示の組換えウイルスを含むキットを提供する。指示書は、キット挿入物に印刷されたもの、1以上の容器に印刷されたもの、と同様に電子保存媒体、たとえば、コンピュータ可読保存媒体にて提供される電子的に保存された指示書を含むが、これらに限定されない所望の形態であってもよい。任意で含まれるのはまた、ユーザーが情報を組込み、対照用量を算出することができるコンピュータ可読保存媒体におけるソフトウエアパッケージである。
本発明のmCoChopタンパク質及び核酸ならびに得られるChRタンパク質が視力の1以上のパラメーターを改善するように意図されるまたは使用されてもよい眼疾病には、前眼部及び後眼部の双方に影響を及ぼす発達異常が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。前眼部疾病には、緑内障、白内障、角膜ジストロフィ、円錐角膜が挙げられる。後眼部疾病には、光受容体の機能不全が原因で生じる失明疾病及び/または網膜のジストロフィ及び変性が原因で生じる死亡が挙げられる。網膜疾病には、先天性停止性夜盲、加齢性黄班変性症のような黄班変性症、先天性錐体ジストロフィ、及び網膜色素変性症(RP)に関連する疾病の大きな群が挙げられる。これらの疾病には、種々の年齢で発生する網膜における光受容体細胞、桿体視細胞及び錐体視細胞の遺伝的に素因がある細胞死が一般に含まれる。これらの中で、重度の網膜症は、たとえば、年齢と共に進行し、小児及び青年期に失明を生じるRP自体の亜型、及び小児の間、1歳ほどの若年で視力の喪失を生じることが多いLCAの遺伝的亜型のようなRP関連の疾患である。後者の疾病は一般に光受容体細胞、桿体視細胞及び錐体視細胞の重度の減少及び多くはその完全な喪失を特徴とする(Trabulsi,EI,ed.,Genetic Diseases of the Eye,Oxford University Press,NY,1998)。
1.光の検知または認知―光が存在するかどうかを識別する能力;
2.光投影―光刺激が入ってくる方向を識別する能力;
3.分解能―格子または文字の標的にて様々な明度レベル(すなわち、コントラスト)を検知する能力;
4.認識―視覚対象内の様々なコントラストのレベルを参照することによって視覚対象の形状を認識する能力。
従って、「視力」には光の存在を単純に検知する能力が含まれる。本発明の突然変異体CoChopをコードするポリペプチド及びポリヌクレオチドを用いて視力を改善するまたは回復させることができ、その際、視力の改善または回復には、たとえば、光の検知または認知の増加、光刺激に応答した光の感受性または光感受性の増大、光刺激が入ってくる方向を識別する能力の増大、様々な明度レベルを検知する能力の増大、視覚対象の形状を認識する能力の増大、及び視覚誘発電位または網膜から皮質への伝達の増大が挙げられる。そのように、視力の改善または回復は視界の完全な回復を含んでもよいし、または含まなくてもよく、すなわち、本発明によって治療された患者の視力は冒されていない個体の視力までの程度まで回復する。以下に記載されている動物試験で記載された視覚の回復は、ヒトにとっては、完全な視界を回復させることなく、視力の1つの局面(すなわち、光感受性、または視覚誘発電位)を増大させることによって、視力機能の下端に人間を位置づける可能性がある。それにもかかわらず、これらの個体は、移動においておよび潜在的には低次の解像課題において訓練され得、これは全盲と比較して大幅に改善されたレベルの視覚独立性を提供すると考えられるため、そのようなレベルでの位置づけは、有意の恩恵となるであろう。基本的な光認知さえも、視覚が損なわれた個体は利用することができるが、特定の日々の課題を達成し、かつ全般的な移動、可能性、および生活の質を改善するように、本組成物および方法を用いてその視力が改善される。
1.光刺激に曝露した後の対象による光検知反応―その際、証拠は、光が点灯されたときの対象個体による光の一般的方向における指示または動きの信頼できる反応について求められる;
2.光刺激に曝露した後の対象による光投影反応、その際、証拠は、光が点灯されたときの個体による光の特定の方向における指示または動きの信頼できる反応について求められる;
3.明対暗のパターン化された視覚刺激の対象による光分解能、それは、
a.標的(上記参照)の追跡を明らかにする、実証可能な、信頼できる視運動性に生じる眼振様眼球運動及び/または関連する頭部または身体の動きの存在、及び/または
b.パターン視覚刺激を識別し、且つ、たとえば、棒もしくはボタンを配置すること、または押し付けることを含む、言語手段もしくは非言語手段によってそのような識別を指し示す信頼できる能力の存在
によって証拠付けられるような明対暗のパターン化された視覚刺激を分解する対象の能力を測定する;または
4.閃光刺激もしくはパターン視覚刺激に対する視覚野の応答の電気的記録、それは回復させた網膜から視覚野への送電の終点であり、視覚誘発電位(VEP)と呼ばれる。測定は、視覚野の領域での頭皮表面、皮質表面における電気的記録、及び/または視覚野の細胞内での記録によってもよい。
本明細書に記載されているような本開示の組成物及び方法は、特に指示されない限り、当業者の技量の範囲内にある、分子生物学(組換え法を含む)、細胞生物学、生化学、免疫化学及び眼科技法の従来の技法及び説明を採用し得る。そのような従来の技法には、対象における網膜または視力を観察し、分析する方法、組換えウイルスのクローニング及び増殖のための方法、医薬組成物の形成のための方法、ならびに生化学的精製及び免疫化学の方法が挙げられる。好適な技法の具体的な説明は本明細書の実施例を参照して得ることができる。しかしながら、同等の従来の手順も当然使用することができる。そのような従来の技法及び説明は、たとえば、すべてあらゆる目的で全体として参照によって本明細書に組み入れられるGreen,et al.,Eds.,Genome Analysis:A Laboratory Manual Series,(Vols.I−IV)(1999);Weiner,et al.,Eds.,Genetic Variation:A Laboratory Manual,(2007);Dieffenbach,Dveksler,Eds.,PCR Primer:A Laboratory Manual,(2003);Bowtell及びSambrook,DNA Microarrays:A Molecular Cloning Manual,(2003);Mount,Bioinformatics:Sequence and Genome Analysis,(2004);Sambrook及びRussell,Condensed Protocols from Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual (2006);及びSambrook and Russell,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,(2002)(all from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press);Stryer,L.,Biochemistry,(4th Ed.)W.H.Freeman,N.Y.(1995);Gait,’’Oligonucleotide Synthesis:A Practical Approach’’IRL Press,London(1984);Nelson and Cox,Lehninger,Principles of Biochemistry,3rd Ed.,W.H.Freeman Pub.,New York(2000);ならびにBerg,et al.,Biochemistry,5th Ed.,W.H.Freeman Pub.,New York,(2002)のような標準的な実験室マニュアルにて見いだすことができる。
本発明はその詳細な説明と併せて記載されてきた一方で、前述の記載は、添付の特許請求の範囲によって定義される本発明の範囲を限定するのではなく説明するように意図される。他の態様、利点及び改変は以下の特許請求の範囲内である。
ChR2のようなチャネルロドプシン(ChR)は視力回復のための有望な光操作での光センサーである。視力回復でChR2を使用するための主要な障害はその低い光感受性である。我々は以前、部位特異的変異誘発を介してその動態を最適化することによって、最も光感受性のChR2突然変異体、ChR2−L132C/T159Sを含むさらに光感受性のChR2を作製した。最近、藻類の新たなトランスクリプトームの配列決定によって多数のChR変異体が報告されている(Klapoetke,et al.,2014,Nat.Methods,11(3):338−46)。我々は、変異体の1つであるCoChRが大きな光電流を示すことを見いだした。本発明では、我々は、部位特異的変異誘発を介してその動態を最適化することによって幾つかの高度に光感受性のCoChR突然変異体(すなわち、突然変異体CoChop)を作製した。これらの突然変異体には、CoChR−L112C(配列番号3)、CoChR−T139C(配列番号5)、C68S/V69I(配列番号4)、C68T/V69I(配列番号7)、CoChR−T145A/S146A(配列番号6)、CoChR−L112C/T139C(配列番号8)、CoChR−L112C/H94E(配列番号9)、及びCoChR−L112C/H94E/K264T(配列番号10)が挙げられる。CoChR及びその突然変異体は、480nmでのピークスペクトルを伴ってChR2よりもやや赤色にシフトしたスペクトル曲線を示す(図1)。CoChR突然変異体の光感受性(CoChR−L112Cについて示されるような)は、HEK細胞における電気生理学の記録(図2〜5)、及び網膜神経細胞からの多重電極アレイの記録(図6)、及び生体内での盲目マウスに由来する視運動行動試験(図7)に基づいて、最も光感受性のChR2突然変異体ChR2−L132C/T159Sのそれよりもはるかに高い。さらに、周囲の光条件下でCoChR−L112Cを発現しているマウスについて視運動反応を観察することができる(図8)。加えて、CoChR−L112C突然変異体の長期の安定した発現が網膜神経細胞にて観察された(図9)。
Claims (24)
- 単離された光で活性化されるイオンチャネルポリペプチドであって、
1以上のアミノ酸修飾を含む配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含み、
前記光で活性化されるイオンチャネルポリペプチドが、細胞膜で発現され、活性化光に接触されると、配列番号2の前記光で活性化されるイオンチャネルポリペプチドと比べて高いレベルのイオン流及び高いレベルのプロトン流の少なくとも一方を有する、前記単離された光で活性化されるイオンチャネルポリペプチド。 - 前記ポリペプチドが配列番号3〜10のいずれか1つのアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の光で活性化されるイオンチャネルポリペプチド。
- 配列番号3〜10のいずれか1つのアミノ酸配列を含む、単離されたポリペプチド。
- 1以上のアミノ酸修飾を含む、配列番号3〜10のいずれか1つのアミノ酸配列を含む、単離されたポリペプチド。
- 前記1以上の修飾が、置換、欠失または挿入である、請求項4に記載の単離されたポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のポリペプチドを含む細胞。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のポリペプチドをコードする、単離された核酸分子。
- 前記核酸配列がプロモーター配列に操作可能に連結される、請求項7に記載の単離された核酸分子。
- 請求項7または8に記載の単離された核酸分子を含む細胞。
- 請求項7または8に記載の単離された核酸分子を含む組成物。
- 前記細胞が試験管内、生体外、または生体内にある、請求項6または9に記載の細胞。
- 請求項7または8に記載の単離された核酸分子を含むベクター。
- 前記細胞が、光受容体、双極細胞、桿体双極細胞、ON型錐体双極細胞、網膜神経節細胞、光感受性網膜神経節細胞、水平細胞、アマクリン細胞、またはAIIアマクリン細胞である、請求項6または9に記載の細胞。
- 膜の導電率を変える方法であって、
a.宿主の膜にて請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のポリペプチドを発現させることと、
b.好適な条件下で前記ポリペプチドを光に接触させて前記宿主の膜の導電率を変化させることとを含む、前記方法。 - 前記宿主の膜が細胞膜である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主の膜が、神経細胞、神経系の細胞、心臓細胞、循環細胞、視覚系の細胞または聴覚系の細胞の細胞膜である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 対象にて疾患または状態を治療する方法であって、
それを必要とする対象に治療上有効な量の、請求項1〜5に記載のポリペプチドまたは請求項7〜8に記載の核酸を投与することを含む、前記方法。 - 前記疾患または状態が、負傷、脳損傷、脊髄損傷、てんかん、代謝性障害、心機能不全、視力喪失、失明、難聴、聴覚喪失、または神経学的状態である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 視力を改善するまたは回復させる方法であって、請求項1〜5に記載のポリペプチドまたは請求項7〜8に記載の核酸を対象に投与することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記対象が眼疾患を患っている、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記眼疾患が黄班変性症または網膜色素変性症である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記視力を改善するまたは回復させることが、以下:光感受性を高めること;光電流を誘起するのに必要とされる閾値光強度を下げること;及び視覚野における視覚誘発電位を高めることのいずれかを含む、請求項19〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 網膜色素変性症または加齢性黄班変性症を治療する方法であって、それを必要とする対象に請求項1〜5に記載のポリペプチドまたは請求項7〜8に記載の核酸を投与することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記組成物が硝子体内または網膜下の注射によって投与される、請求項19〜23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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KR102609571B1 (ko) | 2023-12-01 |
JP7116884B2 (ja) | 2022-08-12 |
IL265010B1 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
BR112019003950A2 (pt) | 2019-06-25 |
AU2017319306B2 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
SG11201901697QA (en) | 2019-03-28 |
US20220089660A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
RU2019109021A3 (ja) | 2021-02-02 |
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AU2017319306A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
CN110023327A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
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