JP2019520805A - 退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療効果を有するアガトバキュラム属菌株及びその用途 - Google Patents
退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療効果を有するアガトバキュラム属菌株及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
忠南大病院内分泌科の定期検診を受けるために来院した健康な韓国人の同意を得て健康な韓国人の糞便試料を採取した。糞便を採取し、その後殺菌された50mLチューブに入れて蓋を閉めずにそのまま加圧嫌気ジャー(jar)(3.5 L HP0011A, Oxoid, UK)内に入れ、嫌気ジャー(jar)の蓋を閉めた。次に、窒素、水素、二酸化炭素を86:7:7の割合で混合した混合ガスを20分間注入し、嫌気ジャー(jar)内の空気を酸素が含まれない混合ガスに代えた。嫌気ジャー(jar)内に残っている微量の酸素は、嫌気ジャー(jar)内のパラジウム触媒と水素を反応させて水に還元することにより除去した。このような装置の構成を図1に示す。これは本発明者の研究室で自己製作したものであり、これを採取した臨床試料の絶対嫌気的保管及び運搬のためのモバイル試料採取装置と命名した(図1)。
実施例1で説明した方法で採取した試料を試料採取直後に韓国生命工学研究院の実験室に送達した。試料が入った嫌気ジャー(jar)を混合ガス(窒素:水素:二酸化炭素=86:7:7)で充填された絶対嫌気チャンバー(Coy Laboratory Product, USA)内に入れ、予め準備した絶対嫌気的に作製されたDSM104アガープレート(1.5%w/v)上にDSM104培地で希釈した糞便試料を塗抹して37℃で48時間培養し、その後形成されたコロニーを選択した。DSM104培地の組成は表1の通りである。
ビタミンK1溶液:20mlの95%エタノールに0.1mlのビタミンK1を溶解させたもの
退行性脳疾患と脳の認知記憶力に対するSR79菌株の効能を検証するために、パーキンソン病誘導動物モデル及びアルツハイマー病発症マウス動物モデルを用いた。
マウスの脳でアルツハイマー病に関する遺伝子であるAPPswe及びPSEN1遺伝子が過剰発現することによりアルツハイマー病が発症したマウス動物モデル(B6C3-Tg(APPswe/PSEN1dE9) 85DboJ, JAX, 004462)を対象に、SR79菌株の治療効果を調べた。前記マウス動物モデルは、生後5カ月から脳でβアミロイド沈着現象が明確に観察され、アルツハイマー特異的認知機能障害を示す特徴があり、22〜24℃に保持されたSPF(Specific pathogen free; 無菌状態)環境の飼育施設で滅菌した飼料と水を自由に摂取させ、12時間の昼夜サイクルを維持しながら飼育した。実験動物グループは、APP/PSEN1を過剰発現しない正常群(Non-Tg)マウスグループと、APP/PSEN1を過剰発現するアルツハイマー発症マウスグループに分類し、前記各グループは、毎日25%グリセリン/PBSを投与する対照群と、新規微生物SR79菌株を2.0×108CFUの濃度で投与する実験群に分けてテストした。前記APP/PSEN1を過剰発現するアルツハイマー発症マウスグループの対照群と実験群において用いられた個体数はそれぞれ12匹であった。ここで、前記マウスグループは、5カ月齢のマウスに投与を開始し、ビヒクル又はSR79菌株を9週間投与して新規物体認知試験(novel object recognition test; NORT)を行い、13週間投与後にマウスの脳を摘出して脳におけるアストロサイト(astrocyte)の活性を調べるための免疫染色を行った。
8週齢の雄C57BL/6Jマウスを用いて、対照群には25%グリセリン/PBSを、実験群には腸由来のDSM104固体培地で培養した新規微生物SR79菌株を2.0×108CFUの濃度で1週間毎日経口で投与し、次いでSR79菌株投与群と対照群にLPS(lipopolysaccharide)を250μg/kgの濃度でさらに1週間毎日腹腔投与することにより、マウスの認知機能障害及びアルツハイマー性認知症モデルを誘導した。ここで、対照群である25%グリセリン/PBS投与グループは、さらにLPS投与グループとLPS非投与グループに分けて実験に用いた。1グループ当たりのマウス数は8匹とした。前記マウスは、温度が22〜24℃に保持されたSPF(Specific pathogen free; 無菌状態)環境の飼育施設で滅菌した飼料と水を自由に摂取させ、12時間の昼夜サイクルを維持しながら飼育した。
3−3−1.新規物体認知試験(novel object recognition test; NORT)
アルツハイマー性認知障害に対する、本発明において分離したSR79菌株の認知能力及び記憶力増進効果を確認するために、新規物体認知試験(novel object recognition test; NORT)を行った。具体的には、実施例3−1のAPP/PSEN1過剰発現マウスモデルにおいては、対照群とSR79菌株を9週間投与したものに対して2日にわたってNORTを行い、3−2に示すように、LPS投与認知障害モデルマウスにおいては、LPSを1週間投与して翌日から2日にわたってNORTを行った。トレーニングデイ(training day)の初日は、マウスを41.5cm×20cm×21.5cmの白色の箱に入れて10分間自由に移動させて馴化させた。前述したように、10分間の馴化期間をおいて、その後元のケージに戻し、2日目には同じ円筒状の2つの木製ブロックを箱の両側に置き、その後マウスがこれらを探索できるように10分間放置した。その24時間後、元の円筒状のブロック(見慣れた物体)と共に四角柱状の新たなブロック(新規物体)を共に箱に置き、その後マウスの動きを観察した。ここで、ブロックを触ったり、匂いを嗅いだり、ブロックに向かって動いた時間(sniffing time)を測定した。2種類のブロックに対して、測定された全回数中の円筒ブロック(見慣れた物体)に関心を持った時間と四角柱ブロック(新規物体)に関心を持った探索時間又は探索回数を測定した(図2及び図3)。
アルツハイマー性疾患により誘発される空間知覚能力及び記憶能力の喪失に対する、本発明において分離したSR79菌株の空間知覚能力及び記憶力増進効果を確認するために、Y迷路試験(Y maze test)を行った。具体的には、Y迷路試験は、実験動物の空間知覚能力及び短期記憶能力の回復(short-term memory recovery)を助けるか否かを調べるための実験であり、Y迷路実験装置は、透明アクリル板(横10cm,縦40cm,高さ25cm)で作製したY字状の四方が塞がった迷路で構成されており、各迷路は互いに120度の所定角度で配置されている。試験は10分間行い、それぞれの迷路をA、B、C領域とし、一領域に実験動物を置いて実験を始め、迷路を自由に探索させた。ここで、各迷路に入った回数及び順序を測定して変更行動力(spontaneous alteration, %)を評価した。3カ所の異なる領域に順に入った場合に1点(実際の変更:actual alteration,ABC、BCA、CABなどの順序)とし、連続して入った場合でなければ点数を認めなかった。前記変更行動力(spontaneous alteration, %)は、全変更行動(alteration)数/(全入場回数−2)×100で算出したものである。
APP/PSEN1を過剰発現するアルツハイマー発症マウスにおけるSR79の脳炎症反応効果を調べるために、大脳皮質でアストロサイト(astrocyte)特異的に結合するGFAP(Glial fibrillary acidic protein)抗体を用いて免疫染色を行い、対照群マウスと実験群マウスの大脳皮質で活性化したアストロサイトのレベルを測定してそれらを比較した(図5)。図5AはSR79菌株の投与によるアルツハイマー病発症マウス動物モデルの脳で活性化したアストロサイトに対して免疫染色を行った結果を示す写真であり、図5Bはビヒクル(対照群)及びSR79菌株(SR)を投与したアルツハイマー病発症マウス動物モデルの脳で活性化したアストロサイトに対して免疫染色レベルの変化を比較した結果を示すグラフである。図5から分かるように、大脳皮質で活性化したアストロサイトのレベルがSR79菌株投与により大幅に減少することが確認された(Students t-test, *p<0.05)。
SR79のアルツハイマー危険因子に対する抑制効果を調べるために、前記LPS投与マウスモデルの大脳皮質のタンパク質を分離し、APP(Amyloid precursor protein)のリン酸化の程度についてpAPP抗体を用いたウェスタンブロットを行った。
実験動物として9週齢の雄C57BL/6Jマウスを用いた。前記マウスは、温度が22〜24℃に保持されたSPF(Specific pathogen free; 無菌状態)環境の飼育施設で滅菌した飼料と水を自由に摂取させ、12時間の昼夜サイクルを維持しながら飼育した。実験動物グループは、対照群には25%グリセリン/PBSを、実験群には腸由来の新規微生物SR79菌株を2.0×108CFUの濃度で1週間毎日経口で投与し、次いで6−OHDA(6-hydroxyldopamine)を脳に注入してドーパミン神経細胞死を誘導した。対照群及び実験群に用いられた個体数はそれぞれ5匹及び6匹であった。ケタミン(ketamine)とロンプン(rompun)を混合した薬物を用いて前記マウスを麻酔して実験を行った。初期パーキンソン病の進行程度に相当する70〜80%の脳の黒質部位のドーパミン細胞喪失を引き起こすために、6−OHDAを脳に直接注射する手術法を用いた。ノルアドレナリン性(noradrenergic)神経細胞が破壊されないように6−OHDA投与30分前に25mg/kgのデシプラミン(desipramine)を腹腔投与し、全6ugの6−OHDAを左脳の線条体(striatum)内に注入した(脳微細注入座標:前後+1.3,左右−1.8,上下−3.6)。前述したように、6−OHDAを脳に直接投与し、手術部位を縫合して消毒し、その後37℃の保温器(warmer)でマウスの体温を維持した。
6−OHDAによるドーパミン性細胞死が多いほど片方の脳の病変が大きくなり、実験動物モデルにおいて行動学的に回転回数が増加することが知られている。よって、6−OHDA投与6日後に、ドーパミン性細胞死による運動調節能力異常の大きさを評価するために、マウスに5mg/kgのデキストロアンフェタミン(d-amphetamine)を腹腔に注射し、その後非対称の回転行動を観察した。具体的には、前記デキストロアンフェタミン薬物投与後、マウスを直径20cmの円筒に入れ、反時計方向に回転する回数を30分間測定して回転行動を評価した。実験の結果、25%グリセリン/PBSを摂取した対照群グループに比べて、SR79菌株を摂取した実験群グループにおいて、統計的に有意に実験動物の回転行動が減少することが確認された(図8及び図9)。これらの結果から、SR79菌株がパーキンソン病の運動障害の予防及び治療に効果を有することが分かった。
寄託機関名:韓国生命工学研究院
受託番号:KCTC13036BP
受託日:20160607
Claims (10)
- 退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療効果を有するアガトバキュラム属(Agathobaculum sp.)菌株。
- 前記アガトバキュラム属菌株は、アガトバキュラム・ブチリシプロデュセンス(Agathobaculum butyriciproducens)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の菌株。
- 前記アガトバキュラム・ブチリシプロデュセンスは、寄託番号がKCTC13036BPであるアガトバキュラム・ブチリシプロデュセンスSR79菌株であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の菌株。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の菌株、前記菌株由来の小胞体、前記菌株の培養物、前記培養物の濃縮液、前記培養物の乾燥物、及び前記培養物の抽出物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有効成分として含有する退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記退行性脳疾患は、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、軽度認知障害、脳膜炎、中風、認知症、ハンチントン病又はクロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記組成物は、ドーパミン神経細胞死による運動障害の抑制効果を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記組成物は、脳炎症反応に対する抑制効果を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記組成物は、認知能力及び記憶力改善効果を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の退行性脳疾患の予防又は治療用薬学組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の菌株、前記菌株由来の小胞体、前記菌株の培養物、前記培養物の濃縮液、前記培養物の乾燥物、及び前記培養物の抽出物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有効成分として含有する退行性脳疾患の予防又は改善用機能性食品組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の菌株、前記菌株由来の小胞体、前記菌株の培養物、前記培養物の濃縮液、前記培養物の乾燥物、及び前記培養物の抽出物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有効成分として含有する退行性脳疾患の予防又は改善用飼料組成物。
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WO2017217753A1 (ko) | 2017-12-21 |
EP3444330A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
EP3444330A4 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
JP6774664B2 (ja) | 2020-10-28 |
US11542468B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 |
CN109563470B (zh) | 2023-04-07 |
US20190300972A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
CN109563470A (zh) | 2019-04-02 |
KR101799830B1 (ko) | 2017-11-21 |
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