JP2019511530A - 不飽和カルボン酸塩を製造する方法 - Google Patents
不飽和カルボン酸塩を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019511530A JP2019511530A JP2018553399A JP2018553399A JP2019511530A JP 2019511530 A JP2019511530 A JP 2019511530A JP 2018553399 A JP2018553399 A JP 2018553399A JP 2018553399 A JP2018553399 A JP 2018553399A JP 2019511530 A JP2019511530 A JP 2019511530A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkoxide
- process according
- liquid phase
- catalytic process
- alcohol
- Prior art date
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Links
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000021523 carboxylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 N, N-disubstituted formamide Chemical group 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NZMAJUHVSZBJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylformamide Chemical compound CCCCN(C=O)CCCC NZMAJUHVSZBJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VILAVOFMIJHSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbon monoxide Chemical group [C]=C=O VILAVOFMIJHSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical group CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZRECPFOSZXDFDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN1CCCC1=O ZRECPFOSZXDFDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JFUCOPIALLYRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dihexylacetamide Chemical compound CCCCCCN(C(C)=O)CCCCCC JFUCOPIALLYRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUYHCCVTCJWPNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dihexylformamide Chemical compound CCCCCCN(C=O)CCCCCC BUYHCCVTCJWPNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 33
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 32
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 4
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WBQTXTBONIWRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;propan-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)[O-] WBQTXTBONIWRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- RMFRFTSSEHRKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ethane Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)CCP(C(C)C)C(C)C RMFRFTSSEHRKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- BOUYBUIVMHNXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(2-dicyclohexylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)CCP(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 BOUYBUIVMHNXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JBFJGFRJSFPTJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclopentyl(2-dicyclopentylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCC1P(C1CCCC1)CCP(C1CCCC1)C1CCCC1 JBFJGFRJSFPTJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWVXFEZPEPOQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl(2-ditert-butylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)CCP(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C MWVXFEZPEPOQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical group C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=CC=C1 NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphine Chemical group PC1=CC=CC=C1 RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005538 phosphinite group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004857 phospholes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate Chemical group CC(C)[O-] OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIIWPAYIXDCDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionate Chemical compound [Na+].C[Si](C)(C)CCC([O-])=O OIIWPAYIXDCDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- CGRKYEALWSRNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-methylbutan-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC(C)(C)[O-] CGRKYEALWSRNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075554 sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical compound NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004032 superbase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ATDJPMYFFOFKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl(2-tetradecylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)PCCPCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ATDJPMYFFOFKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKXBMYVSMWVPHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl(3-tetradecylphosphanylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)PCCCPCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZKXBMYVSMWVPHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGGQTKPTPCKHPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl(4-tetradecylphosphanylbutyl)phosphane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)PCCCCPCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FGGQTKPTPCKHPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMEUUKUNSVFYAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinaphthalen-1-ylphosphane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(P(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 DMEUUKUNSVFYAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIOSDXGZLBPOHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC IIOSDXGZLBPOHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/15—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/189—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms containing both nitrogen and phosphorus as complexing atoms, including e.g. phosphino moieties, in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/43—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
- C07C51/44—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/03—Monocarboxylic acids
- C07C57/04—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/824—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/847—Nickel
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
アルケンおよび二酸化炭素を遷移金属錯体であるカルボキシル化触媒、アルコキシド、および有機溶媒と接触させて、α,β−エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸塩を得る工程を含み、
有機溶媒が、1バールの圧力、少なくとも1つの温度Tで水と不完全に混和可能であり、アミドおよび尿素から選択され、Tが、10℃〜90℃の範囲の温度である
触媒方法によって解決される。
CaHbN1O1
を有し、式中、
aは、5〜20、例えば6〜18、好ましくは7〜16の整数であり、
bは、2a−5〜2a+1の整数である、アミド、例えばホルムアミド、
または水素原子が窒素原子に結合しておらず、アミド基に含まれているカルボニル炭素原子以外のどの炭素原子も飽和しており、一般式
CcHdN2O1
を有し、式中、
cは、5〜20、例えば6〜18、好ましくは7〜16の整数であり、
dは、2c−4〜2c+2の整数である、尿素
とすることができる。
−O−R
(I)
(式中、Rは、一般式(I)に示す酸素に結合している炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル残基である)と、
この炭素原子に結合している1個の水素原子およびこの炭素原子に結合している2個の炭素原子、
または、
この炭素原子に結合している3個の炭素原子と
を含む化合物を指す。
−O−CR1(R2)2
(II)
を含み、式中、
R1は、HまたはR2であり、
R2はそれぞれ独立して、C1〜C16−ヒドロカルビルから選択され、またはいずれかの2個もしくは3個のR2はそれらが結合している第二級または第三級炭素原子と一緒になって、1個または複数の3〜8員炭素環になる。
Mは遷移金属であり、
Lは配位子であり、
mは、1または2であり、
Ra、RbおよびRcはそれぞれ独立して、水素、C1〜12−アルキル、C2〜12−アルケニルであり、あるいはRaおよびRbはそれらが結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、飽和またはモノエチレン性もしくはジエチレン性不飽和5〜8員炭素環になる。
PR4aR4bR4c (IIe)
を有し、式中、
R4a、R4b、およびR4cは独立して、1〜16個の炭素原子を有する非分枝状または分枝状、非環式または環式の脂肪族、芳香脂肪族または芳香族残基であり、個々の炭素原子は独立して、−O−および>N−の群から選択されるヘテロ基によって交換されてもよく、個々の水素原子は独立して、Cl、Br、I、またはFによって交換されてもよく、2個または3個すべての残基は互いに共有結合していてもよい。
条件1:架橋原子は、少なくとも1個の5〜7員環式部分構造の一部分である、
条件2:少なくとも1個の5〜7員環式部分構造がP原子のそれぞれに結合している。
R6は独立して、CHR7 2、CR7 3、C3〜C10−シクロアルキル、および6〜18個の炭素原子を有する任意にアルキル化されているアリールから選択され、
R7は独立して、C1〜C4−アルキル、好ましくは直鎖状C1〜C4−アルキルから選択され、
A1はそれが結合している炭素原子および介在するリン原子と一緒になって、5〜7員環式部分構造を形成し、
R8は独立して、水素、C1〜C12−アルキル、C3〜C12−シクロアルキル、C3〜C12−ヘテロシクロアルキル、C6〜C14−アリール、C6〜C14−ヘテロアリール、C1〜C12−アルコキシ、C3〜C12−シクロアルコキシ、C3〜C12−ヘテロシクロアルコキシ、C6〜C14−アリールオキシ、およびC6〜C14−ヘテロアリールオキシから選択される。
R10は独立して、直鎖状C1〜C4−アルキルから選択され、
R11は独立して、CHR10 2、CR10 3、C3〜C10−シクロアルキル、および6〜18個の炭素原子を有する任意にアルキル化されているアリールから選択され、
Xは独立して、C−H、C−CH3、およびNから選択され、
A2はそれが結合している部分Xおよび介在する炭素原子と一緒になって、5〜7員環式部分構造を形成する。
R13およびR14は独立して、C3〜C10−シクロアルキル、例えばC5−C7−シクロアルキルから選択され、
R15は、H、O−C1〜C6−アルキルであり、または両方のR15が一緒になって、−CH=CH−架橋子を構成する。
R16R17P−(CR18R19)e−PR16R17
(IId)
であり、式中
R16およびR17は独立して、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する非分枝状または分枝状、非環式または環式の脂肪族残基であり、個々の炭素原子は独立して、−O−および>N−の群から選択されるヘテロ基によって交換されてもよく、個々の水素原子は独立して、ClまたはFによって交換されてもよく、同じリン原子に結合している2個の残基はどちらも互いに共有結合していてもよく、
eは、1、2、3、4、または5、好ましくは2、3、または4であり、
R18は独立して、H、C1〜C8−アルキル、C1〜C8−アルコキシ、C3〜C10−シクロアルキル、C3〜C10−シクロアルコキシ、C6〜C10−アリール、およびC6〜C10−アリールオキシから選択され、
R19は独立して、H、C1〜C8−アルキル、C3〜C10−シクロアルキル、およびC6〜C10−アリールから選択される。
R16R17P−(CR18H)e−PR16R17
(IId−1)
であり、式中、
R16およびR17はそれぞれ独立して、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する非分枝状または分枝状、非環式または環式の脂肪族残基であり、
eは、2、3、または4であり、
R18は独立して、H、C1〜C8−アルキル、C1〜C8−アルコキシ、C3〜C10−シクロアルキル、C3〜C10−シクロアルコキシ、C6〜C10−アリール、およびC6〜C10−アリールオキシから選択され、好ましくはHである。
Wは、リン(P)またはホスフィット(P=O)であり、
R62は独立して、1〜16個の炭素原子を有する非分枝状または分枝状、非環式または環式の脂肪族、芳香脂肪族または芳香族残基であり、個々の炭素原子は独立して、−O−および>N−の群から選択されるヘテロ基によって交換されてもよく、個々の水素原子は独立して、ClまたはFによって交換されてもよく、
R63およびR64は独立して、1〜16個の炭素原子を有する非分枝状または分枝状、非環式または環式の脂肪族、芳香脂肪族または芳香族残基であり、個々の炭素原子は独立して、−O−および>N−の群から選択されるヘテロ基によって交換されてもよく、個々の水素原子は独立して、Cl、Br、I、またはFによって交換されてもよく、両方の残基が互いに共有結合していてもよく、
R65およびR66は一緒になって、化学結合であり、またはR63およびR64について定義する通りであり、
R67およびR68は、R63およびR64について定義する通りであり、
R69およびR70は、R63およびR64について定義する通りである。
R16R17P−(CR18R19)f−PR16−(CR18R19)g−PR16R17
(IIh)
であり、式中、
R16、R17、R18、およびR19はそれぞれ、既に定義した通りであり、
fおよびgは独立して、1、2、3、4、または5、好ましくは2、3、または4である。
[ここで、
Xは、ハリド、プソイドハリド、カルボキシラート、アルコキシド、カーボナート、スルファート、ニトラート、ヒドロキシド、アセチルアセトナート、シクロペンタジエン、アルキル、およびアリールから選択され、
Lは、ホスフィン、アミン、オレフィン、カルボニルおよびニトリルから選択される中性配位子である]
およびエーテル、DMSO、または水などの溶媒との対応する付加物が挙げられる。
dbaはジベンジリデンアセトンである。
Cyはシクロヘキシルである。
CODは1,5−シクロオクタジエンである。
Phenはフェナントロリンである。
TMEDAはN,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルエチレンジアミンである。
Fcはフェロセニルである。
Cpはシクロペンタジエニルである。
Ra、RbおよびRcはそれぞれ独立して、水素、C1〜12−アルキル、C2−12−アルケニルであり、またはRaおよびRbはそれらが結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、モノエチレン性にまたはジエチレン性不飽和5〜8員炭素環になる。
Dcpe 1,2−ビス(ジシクロヘキシル)ホスフィノエタン
DMAc ジメチルアセトアミド
DMI 1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン
CHP N−シクロヘキシルピロリドン
Cy シクロヘキシル
NaOCy ナトリウムシクロヘキシルオキシド
NaOiPr ナトリウム2−プロポキシド
NaOsecBu ナトリウム2−ブトキシド
NaOtBu ナトリウムtert−ブトキシド
NaOtPentoxide ナトリウムtert−ペントキシド
NDP N−ドデシルピロリドン
NEP N−エチルピロリドン
NMP N−メチルピロリドン
THF テトラヒドロフラン
TON 遷移金属に関するターンオーバー数;遷移金属1モル当たり得られるα,β−エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸塩のモル数
[Pd(dcpe)(NaAcr)]
グローブボックスの内側の60mLの鋼製オートクレーブに、遷移金属源、配位子、およびアルコキシドを加え、得られた固体混合物を溶媒に溶解した。オートクレーブをグローブボックスから取り出し、800rpmで撹拌下に、所与の圧力のエチレンおよび所与の圧力のCO2をそれぞれ15分間25℃で加えた。所与の温度で所与の時間、800rpmで撹拌した後、オートクレーブを20℃まで冷却し、圧力を解放し、反応混合物、すなわち反応粗生成物を100mLのガラス瓶に移した。オートクレーブ容器中の残渣を15mLのD2Oで回収し、ガラス瓶に移した。この二相混合物に、3−(トリメチルシリル)プロピオン酸ナトリウム塩−2,2,3,3−d4(0.13mmol、0.0216g)、追加の10mLのD2O、および40mLのEt2Oを添加した。有機相、すなわち第2の液相はカルボキシル化触媒を含み、再循環させることができる。水性相、すなわち第1の液相から、一定分量を回収し、遠心分離し、1H−NMRにより分析して、TONを決定した。各1H−NMRスペクトルから、水性相はα,β−エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸塩(アクリル酸ナトリウム)、アルコール副生成物および水を含むことが示された。すべての揮発性物質を水性相から真空除去して、所望のアクリル酸ナトリウムを残渣として得た。残渣をD2Oに溶解し、第2の1H−NMRスペクトルを検出した。アルコールのメチルプロトンの共鳴は、いずれの第2の1H−NMRスペクトルにも存在していなかった。これから、水性溶媒を蒸発させるとき、iso−プロパノールまたは第三級ブタノール副生成物は定量的に除去されたことが示された。
グローブボックスの内側の60mLの鋼製オートクレーブに、遷移金属源、配位子、およびアルコキシドを加え、得られた固体混合物を溶媒に溶解した。オートクレーブをグローブボックスから取り出し、700rpmで撹拌下に、所与の圧力のエチレンおよび所与の圧力のCO2をそれぞれ15分間25℃で加えた。所与の温度で所与の時間、700rpmで撹拌した後、オートクレーブを20℃まで冷却し、圧力を解放し、反応混合物、すなわち反応粗生成物を100mLのガラス瓶に移した。オートクレーブ容器中の残渣を30mLのH2Oで回収し、ガラス瓶に移した。水性相、すなわち第1の液相から、一定分量を回収し、H3PO4で酸性化し、HPLCにより分析して、TONを決定した。HPLCクロマトグラムから、水性相は、カルボキシル化生成物(アクリル酸塩)を酸性化することによって形成された酸である酢酸を含むことが示された。
グローブボックスの内側の100mLのシュレンクに、Pd(PPh3)4、配位子、アルコキシド、および溶媒を加えた。混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、混合物をアルゴンで300mLの鋼製オートクレーブに移した。混合物を700rpmで撹拌し、10バールのエチレンを15分間25℃で加え、次いで35バールのCO2を15分間25℃で加えた(25℃にて全圧45バール)。145℃(145℃にて70〜80バール)で16時間撹拌した後、オートクレーブを20℃に冷却し、圧力を解放し、反応混合物、すなわち反応粗生成物を100mLのガラス瓶に移した。オートクレーブ容器中の残渣を30mLのH2Oで回収し、ガラス瓶に移した。再循環させることができるカルボキシル化触媒を含む有機相から、生成物を含む水性相を分離した。水性相から、一定分量(1mL)を回収し、H3PO4で酸性化し、生成したアクリル酸をHPLCにより分析した。HPLCアナリティクスから、TONを決定した。
Claims (15)
- α,β−エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸塩を製造する触媒方法であって、
アルケンおよび二酸化炭素を遷移金属錯体であるカルボキシル化触媒、アルコキシド、および有機溶媒と接触させて、α,β−エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸塩を得る工程を含み、
有機溶媒が、1バールの圧力、少なくとも1つの温度Tで水と不完全に混和可能であり、アミドおよび尿素から選択され、Tが、10℃〜90℃の範囲の温度である触媒方法。 - アミドまたは尿素が直鎖状または環式であり、少なくとも5個の炭素原子を含み、カルボニル炭素原子以外のすべての炭素原子が飽和しており、窒素に結合している水素原子を含まない、請求項1に記載の触媒方法。
- 有機溶媒が、N,N−二置換ホルムアミド、N,N−二置換アセトアミド、N−置換2−ピロリドン、または1,3−二置換2−イミダゾリジノンである、請求項1または2に記載の触媒方法。
- 有機溶媒が、N−メチルピロリドン、N−エチルピロリドン、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、N−シクロヘキシルピロリドン、N,N−ジブチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジヘキシルホルムアミド、N,N−ジブチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジヘキシルアセトアミド、N−シクロヘキシルピロリドン、およびN−デシルピロリドンから選択される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒方法。
- アルコキシドが、[O−]基に直接結合している第二級または第三級炭素原子を有する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒方法。
- アルコキシドが、アルカリ金属アルコキシドおよびアルカリ土類金属アルコキシドから選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒方法。
- アルケンおよび二酸化炭素を、105〜170℃の範囲の温度でカルボキシル化触媒、アルコキシド、および有機溶媒と接触させる、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒方法。
- カルボキシル化触媒が、ニッケルまたはパラジウム錯体である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒方法。
- ニッケルまたはパラジウム錯体が、P,X二座配位子を含み、Xが、P、N、O、およびカルベンからなる群から選択され、PおよびX原子が、2〜4個の架橋原子を含む二価リンカーで隔てられている、請求項8に記載の触媒方法。
- アルケンがエテンであり、α,β−エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸がアクリル酸である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒方法。
- 反応粗生成物の少なくとも一部分を、α,β−エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸塩が濃くなっている第1の液相およびカルボキシル化触媒が濃くなっている第2の液相が得られるように極性溶媒と接触させる工程をさらに含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒方法。
- アルコール副生成物を第1の液相から留去し、回収されたアルコール副生成物の少なくとも一部分を、アルコキシドを再生するためにアルカリ性材料と接触させ、再生されたアルコキシドの少なくとも一部分を触媒方法に再循環させる工程をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の触媒方法。
- 極性溶媒が、1バールの圧力で150℃未満の沸点を有する極性溶媒から選択される、請求項11または12に記載の触媒方法。
- 極性溶媒が水性である、請求項11から13の何れか1項に記載の触媒方法。
- 極性溶媒の少なくとも一部分が、第1の液相から留去される、請求項12から14の何れか1項に記載の触媒方法。
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