JP2019510852A - 2段階ガス化装置及び原料自由度を有するガス化プロセス - Google Patents
2段階ガス化装置及び原料自由度を有するガス化プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
C+1/2O2→CO
反応の発熱性によって、第1反応域の温度は2000°F〜3500°Fにまで上昇する。第1反応域で生成された熱はガス流と共に上昇するため、火の無い第2反応域で起こる供給水の気化、炭素−蒸気反応、及びCO/H2O間の水−気体反応等の熱分解反応に対して熱が供給される。炭素−蒸気反応によってCO及びH2が生成されるので、これらの有用な気体の収率が増加する。
Claims (20)
- (a)液体炭化水素原料と、乾燥原料及び第1のスラリー状原料の少なくとも一方とを反応器下部へ投入する工程であって、上記乾燥原料及び第1のスラリー状原料の少なくとも一方は2つの第1供給ノズルから投入され、上記液体炭化水素原料は少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルから投入される工程と、
(b)酸素含有ガス又は蒸気を含むガス流を用いて上記反応器下部の上記原料を部分的に燃焼させることで、熱を放出し、高温合成ガスを含む生成物を形成する工程と、
(c)工程(b)で得られた上記高温合成ガスを反応器上部へ上昇させる工程と、
(d)第2のスラリー状原料を上記反応器上部へ投入することにより、上記高温合成ガスの熱が熱分解及びガス化反応を介して上記第2のスラリー状原料の反応を促進する工程と
を有するガス化プロセス。 - 上記液体炭化水素原料と、上記乾燥原料及び第1のスラリー状原料の少なくとも一方との上記反応器下部への投入は同時に行う、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記液体炭化水素原料の上記反応器下部への投入は断続的に行い、上記乾燥原料及び第1のスラリー状原料の少なくとも一方の投入は連続的である、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルの各液体炭化水素第2供給ベクトルは、上記反応器下部内において上記第1供給ノズルの第1供給ベクトルに対して垂直対称を維持するように配向している、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルからの上記液体炭化水素原料の供給の第2供給ベクトルと、上記第1供給ノズルからの上記第1の原料の供給の第1供給ベクトルとは、反応器下部本体の略中心である供給交点で交差する、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルからの上記液体炭化水素原料の供給の各第2供給ベクトルは、上記反応器下部本体の中心で交差し、上記反応器下部の一方の端部から他方の端部へと上記反応器下部本体の中心を通って直線を形成する、請求項5に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルの第2供給ベクトルの少なくとも1つは、上記2つの第1供給ノズルの第1供給ベクトルに対して約±1〜45度の角度を形成する、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルの第2供給ベクトルの少なくとも1つは、上記反応器下部の中心の奥行きにわたり延在する軸に対して約±1〜45度の角度を形成する、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルは、空気、酸素富化空気、酸素、蒸気、又はこれらの混合物を用いて上記液体炭化水素原料を霧化する、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記反応器下部へ投入される原料の総量は、60重量%以下が液体炭化水素である、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記液体炭化水素原料は、熱分解油、減圧残油、ピッチ、コールタール、低温ガス化プロセス由来のフェノール系物質、酸性ガス除去装置(AGR)から得られたブローダウン溶媒、又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- 上記乾燥原料及び第1のスラリー状原料は、褐炭、亜瀝青炭、瀝青炭、石油コークス、チャー、及びこれらの混合物のうち少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載のガス化プロセス。
- (a)反応器下部本体と、
(b)乾燥原料及び第1のスラリー状原料の少なくとも一方を投入するよう構成されており、上記反応器下部本体の対向する端部に配置されている2つの第1供給ノズルと、
(c)液体炭化水素原料を投入するよう構成されており、上記反応器下部本体に配置されている少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルと
を有する反応器下部;並びに
(a)反応器上部本体と、
(b)乾燥原料及び第1のスラリー状原料の少なくとも一方を投入するよう構成されており、上記反応器上部本体に配置されている少なくとも1つの上部供給ノズルと、
(c)出口と
を有する反応器上部
を有する2段階ガス化反応器。 - 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルは、上記反応器下部内において上記第1供給ノズルからの第1供給ベクトルに沿った供給に対して垂直対称を維持する各第2供給ベクトルに沿って供給するように配向している、請求項13に記載の2段階ガス化反応器。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズル及び上記第1供給ノズルは、上記反応器下部本体の略中心である供給交点で交差する各供給ベクトルに沿って供給するように配向している、請求項13に記載の2段階ガス化反応器。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルは、上記反応器下部本体の対向する端部がそれぞれ同量の第2供給ノズルを有するように該端部に配置されている、請求項13に記載の2段階ガス化反応器。
- 一方の端部にある各第2供給ノズルの各第2供給ベクトルは、反対側の端部にある第2供給ノズルの第2供給ベクトルと直線を形成するように配向している、請求項16に記載の2段階ガス化反応器。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルの第2供給ベクトルの少なくとも1つは、上記2つの第1供給ノズルの第1供給ベクトルに対して約±1〜45度の角度を形成する、請求項13に記載の2段階ガス化反応器。
- 上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルの第2供給ベクトルの少なくとも1つは、上記反応器下部の中心の奥行きにわたり延在する軸に対して約±1〜45度の角度を形成する、請求項13に記載の2段階ガス化反応器。
- 反応器下部本体に少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルを設置する工程を有し、上記少なくとも2つの第2供給ノズルは、上記反応器下部本体に液体炭化水素原料を投入することで、第1供給ノズルから投入される乾燥原料又はスラリー状原料で構成された第1原料を補充するためのものである、
2段階ガス化反応器を改善する方法。
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