JP2019510736A - 向上した多能性細胞及び微小血管組織ならびにその使用方法 - Google Patents
向上した多能性細胞及び微小血管組織ならびにその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国特許法119条(e)の下、2016年3月2日に出願された米国出願第62/302,669号の優先権を主張し、その全体が参照により組み込まれる。
Osiris Therapeutics,Inc.は、20年前、MSCを培養することがそれらの免疫原性を変化させることを示した。培養プロセスは、細胞を誘導してそれらの表面マーカーを変化させる。これらの細胞が別の動物に埋め込まれる場合、それらは通常すぐには拒絶されず、実際には、拒絶反応を防止するように宿主の免疫系を調節するようである。拒絶反応を防止するそれらの能力にかかわらず、MSCは宿主の体内で迅速に排除される。多くの場合、埋め込みの3日後、注入された細胞の1%未満が見られる。膨大な量の研究にかかわらず、依然として、なぜ細胞が死滅するのか、またはどのようにそれらが有益な結果をもたらすのかについての証拠または合意すらない。
したがって、当該技術分野において、多能性細胞調製物の活性を向上させる方法及びこうして向上させた細胞調製物の使用の必要性がある。
本明細書で使用されるとき、単数形の用語「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、文脈で特に明確に指示しない限り、複数の参照物を含む。
本明細書で提供される多能性細胞組成物は、いくつかの実施形態では、微小血管組織(例えば、脂肪、骨髄、または筋肉組織)の(例えば、酵素消化による)解離から生成される幹及び/または前駆細胞の混合物を含み得る、最小限に加工された無培養細胞または無培養微小血管組織(またはそれらの成分)を含む。加工された多能性細胞組成物は、追加の分子(例えば、全もしくは断片化細胞外マトリックス分子または増殖因子)を含むことができる。加えて、加工された多能性細胞組成物は、多能性細胞の断片または膜を含み得る。多能性細胞は、精製または培養され得る。それらは、部分的に分化した細胞、一次細胞または細胞系であり得る。
本明細書に記載の加工された微小血管組織は、微小血管組織を解離することにより生成され得る。いくつかの実施形態では、微小血管組織は、1つ以上の酵素を使用して酵素的に消化される。適切な酵素は、コラーゲナーゼならびにテルモリシンまたはBPプロテアーゼのような中性プロテアーゼのような、組織解離に寄与するものを含む。酵素消化プロセスは、組織解離を増加または減少させるように調節することができる。例えば、より完全な解離が望ましい場合、2つ以上の酵素を含めるか、または消化時間を増加させることができる。細胞生存性は維持される必要はないが、いくつかの実施形態では、酵素消化中にいくらかの細胞溶解が起こるとしても、細胞膜が概して無傷なままであり、付着物及びシグナル伝達分子を含有する膜が保存されることが一般的には望ましい。よって、リパーゼのような酵素の使用は、本発明の1つの実施形態によると、こうしたプロセスにおいて有用でない場合がある。こうしたシナリオでは、コラーゲナーゼまたは中性プロテアーゼが使用され得る。
組織の殺菌は、典型的には、タンパク質及び細胞に大きな損害をもたらす。タンパク質は多くの場合変性し、DNAは開裂及び/または架橋し、細胞は死滅する。
特定の実施形態では、本発明の組成物は、1つ以上の生物学的活性を有する。例えば、特定の実施形態では、組成物は、抗炎症、血管新生活性、またはそれらの組み合わせを有する。組成物は、内皮細胞の遊走または増殖を誘導し得る。特定の関連した実施形態では、組成物は、血管形成または組織治癒を促進する。これらの効果の組み合わせは、いくつかの実施形態において達成される。
特定の実施形態では、本発明の組成物は、疾患状態を治療するのに使用されている。
脂肪組織は、器官ドナーから得た。皮下脂肪は、腹部、大腿部、及び臀部から採取される。5〜10ポンドの脂肪を、ZTM(商標)輸送培地(INCELL)のような、適切な培地中に採取した。
実施例1に記載のように調製された組成物を、放射線曝露により殺菌した後、遊走アッセイにおいてヒト臍帯静脈内皮細胞(HUVEC)を使用して生物活性について試験した。HUVECは、対数増殖期まで培養された後、CM−Dil(Invitrogen)で蛍光標識された第1継代細胞であった。Transwellプレート(ThermoFisher)を、細胞培地(M3D(商標)及びEZ−CPZ(商標)(INCELL)の50:50混合物)単独(陰性対照)で調製し、上皮細胞増殖因子(EGF−陽性対照)、または様々なタイプ及び線量の放射線で処置された微小血管組織の再水和組成物を補充した。標識されたHUVEC細胞をTranswellプレートの上チャンバーに入れ、細胞培養インキュベーターにおいて48時間37℃で培養した。上及び下チャンバーを分離するPET膜は、3umの細孔を有した。48時間後、上チャンバーを取り出し、下チャンバー中の蛍光強度を測定した。
実施例1に記載のように調製された後、27kGyのガンマ線照射で殺菌された組成物を、室温で貯蔵した後、様々な時間でのHUVEC遊走アッセイで分析した。図3に示されるように、2年間貯蔵された試料は、驚くべきことに、より早い時点と比較して増加した生物活性を示した。
実施例1のように調製され、25kGyのガンマ線で殺菌された組成物を、考えられる輸出状況をシミュレートする高温に曝露した。ベースライン試料を室温で保持した。意外にも、過熱された試料は、図4に示されるように、最も高い生物活性を示した。
実施例1における加工中、細胞組成物は、低酸素レベル下にある。特定の細胞タンパク質の発現は、結果として向上または阻害され、これは組成物の機能性に影響を及ぼすであろう。低酸素は、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)、血管形成及び血管新生の促進における重要な因子の発現を誘導することと関連付けられる。よって、低酸素への曝露は、投与された組成物においてVEGFの発現を向上させ得る手段として使用することができる。
57歳男性の農業従事者は、彼が10点の疼痛スケールで8〜9と格付けした、骨関節炎による慢性疼痛を患っていた。疼痛は、彼の仕事及び娯楽活動を制限していた。実施例2のように調製された加工された微小血管組織のバイアルを、3mlの水で水和し、溶液を患部の膝に注射した。5週目の再診で、疼痛は0まで低下した。対象は、疼痛は注射の1週間以内に消えており、彼は農場での完全な活動を再開し、何年かぶりに自転車に乗ったと述べた。
患者は、40歳男性のアスリートであり、右膝蓋骨の下部領域に最近3〜4か月にわたり重度かつ進行性の疼痛を有し、これはウエイトなしでスクワットを行うことにより誘発された。彼は、触診による下部膝蓋骨へのいくらかの圧迫にも耐えることができなかった。0〜10の疼痛スケール上、10を最悪の痛みとして、彼は、ウエイトなしでスクワットを行っている際の痛みは約8〜9であり、この領域にいくらかの圧迫を加えている際は約9であると述べた。彼は、非常に深いスクワットを行った後、膝がわずかに過固定された状態で無理に立位に戻したことにより、疼痛が引き起こされた可能性があるとコメントした。彼は、歩行または休憩中、痛みがあったとしても、あまり感じない。図5は、腱断裂を示す膝の治療前MRIである。
糖尿病及び腎不全を有する48歳女性を、大糖尿病性足部潰瘍について、創傷クリニックが1年間治療した。創傷に、いくつかの領域で腱まで創面切除を施し、(図7に示される)創傷5cm×3.5cm×0.4cmを露出し、実施例2のように調製された加工された微小血管組織のバイアルを、凍結乾燥ケーキを粉砕し、創傷の表面に散布することにより、網包帯と共に局所的に適用した。
対象は、47歳女性であった。彼女は、左足に、足根管リリース及び内側足底筋膜リリースのための先行手術を受けていた。手術の15週間後、患者は重度(疼痛レート10のうち8)の痛みを訴えていた。彼女は、コルチゾン注入、腓腹筋リセッション及び内側足底筋膜リリース、ならびに外来理学療法を含んだ、標準的な療法に失敗した。
45歳女性は、左右顆の両方において、常に顎痛を有していた。彼女は、痛みを同等に10のうちの8〜9と格付けした。実施例2のように調製(Epinepherineを含まないMarcaine0.25%で再構成)された加工された微小血管組織の1cc注射を、25g針を使用して関節空間内の右顆の下、上、及び横に行った。反対側(左顆)を次に、Celestone(ベタメタゾン)を使用して右と全く同じように治療した。
20グラムのヒト死体ドナーから採取された皮下脂肪を、2つの50ml遠心分離チューブの各々に添加した。5mlのハンクス平衡塩溶液を、遠心分離チューブAに添加し、混合した後、チューブを37C超音波水浴に入れ、超音波エネルギーで35分間撹拌した。大きな磁気撹拌棒を遠心分離チューブB中に落とし、チューブに蓋をし、撹拌棒が端から端まで跳ね返って脂肪組織を粉砕し、脂肪細胞を溶解するように、チューブを5分間激しく振盪した。チューブを50mlまでハンクスBSSで充填し、次いで7分間300gで遠心分離した。油及び緩衝液を注ぎ出し、残った組織ペレットをペトリ皿に注ぎ入れ、ペトリ皿の底で薄いスラリーを形成させた。ペトリ皿を次に凍結及び凍結乾燥し、微小血管組織の薄い柔軟なフィルムを生成した。フィルムを、2.7kGyのガンマ線を使用して殺菌した。
29歳男性は、2年超にわたり脱毛の兆候を示していた。加工された微小血管組織を、注射用に、4ccの無菌水で再構成した。0.1〜0.2ccアリコートの複数の注射を、30g針を通して、2”直径治療面積の中心で開始した後、放射状に広がるように行った。
59歳女性は、5年間持続し、NSAIDSを使用しても睡眠、ガーデンング、ウォーキング、ランニングを不快にしていた、左臀部の痛みを訴えた。身体検査及びX線は、臀部関節における中程度の関節炎を示したが、痛みのほとんどは、炎症を起こした滑液包に関連し、縫工筋に沿って放射状に広がっていた。微小血管組織を4mlのMarcaineで再構成し、痛みを辿って炎症を起こした滑液包中及びその下の12の部位に、超音波誘導下で注射した。患者は、翌2日かけて痛みが消え、3日目にうずくような痛み、13日目にもう一度うずくような痛み(過剰使用)があり、それ以降うずきはなかったことを報告した。5か月後、彼女は、臀部について考えることすらなくなったと報告した。
Claims (24)
- 多能性細胞を含む組成物であって、前記細胞に、向上した生物活性をもたらす、1つ以上の加工処置が行われている、組成物。
- 前記処置が、照射、貯蔵、低酸素、活性酸素種、電磁場、超音波撹拌、流体せん断力、非生理学的pH、非生理学的張度、加熱、冷却、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記処置が、約0.65kGyの最小閾値線量での照射である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記最小閾値線量が、2kGyである、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記照射が、赤外線から電子ビームまでの波長範囲での曝露により達成される、請求項3または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記細胞が、最大線量限界での照射により処置され、前記最大線量が、細胞の99%の完全性の喪失をもたらす線量である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 生物活性が、細胞増殖、細胞移動、抗炎症、血管新生、組織治癒、及び疼痛緩和からなる群から選択される1つ以上のパラメータとして測定される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記処置が、貯蔵であり、46℃で約1日、室温で約2年、及び−20℃で2年超からなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- さらに、前記細胞が、増殖能力を低下させている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記細胞が、乾燥及び殺菌されている、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記細胞が、生きた培養細胞である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 1つ以上の加工処置が行われている前記多能性細胞が、同等の線量の生きた未処置の多能性細胞より大きな生物活性を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 加工された微小血管組織を含む組成物であって、前記組織に、向上した生物活性をもたらす、1つ以上の加工処置が行われている、組成物。
- 前記処置が、照射、貯蔵、低酸素、活性酸素種、電磁場、超音波撹拌、流体せん断力、非生理学的pH、非生理学的張度、加熱、冷却、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記処置が、約0.65kGyの最小閾値線量での照射である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記処置が、46℃で約1日、室温で約2年、または−20℃で2年超の貯蔵である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記処置が、熱への曝露である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 非生存多能性細胞または加工された微小血管組織を含む組成物の投与を含む、哺乳類において、損傷または疾患を治療または予防する方法であって、前記組成物に、生物活性を向上させる1つ以上の処置が行われている、方法。
- 非生存多能性細胞または加工された微小血管組織を含む組成物の投与を含む、医学的状態に関連した組織痛を緩和するための方法であって、前記組成物に、生物活性を向上させる1つ以上の処置が行われている、方法。
- 非生存多能性細胞または加工された微小血管組織を含む組成物の投与を含む、創傷治癒のための方法であって、前記組成物に、生物活性を向上させる1つ以上の処置が行われている、方法。
- 非生存多能性細胞または加工された微小血管組織を含む組成物の投与を含む、対象において傷跡を予防または治療する方法であって、前記組成物に、生物活性を向上させる1つ以上の処置が行われている、方法。
- 前記1つ以上の処置が、放射線、加熱、長期貯蔵、低酸素、せん断、pHショック、浸透圧ショック、超音波、電磁場、及び活性酸素種曝露からなる群から選択される、請求項18〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記医学的状態が、関節炎、足底筋膜炎、滑液包炎、側頭下顎関節痛、骨関節炎、脱毛、脂肪移植、口蓋裂、骨髄炎、末梢神経障害、慢性創傷、骨折、及び腱または靭帯障害からなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、局所パウダー、局所ケーキ、局所クリーム、乾燥フィルム、または注射である、請求項18〜23のいずれかに記載の方法。
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