JP2019504506A - ファイバレーザおよび増幅器におけるライン選択のための導波路設計 - Google Patents
ファイバレーザおよび増幅器におけるライン選択のための導波路設計 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 95
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
- H01S3/06741—Photonic crystal fibre, i.e. the fibre having a photonic bandgap
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
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- G02B6/02338—Structured core, e.g. core contains more than one material, non-constant refractive index distribution in core, asymmetric or non-circular elements in core unit, multiple cores, insertions between core and clad
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/0238—Longitudinal structures having higher refractive index than background material, e.g. high index solid rods
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/14—Mode converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
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- H01S3/06733—Fibre having more than one cladding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
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- H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
- H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08018—Mode suppression
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この出願は、2016年2月4日に出願された「Waveguide Design for Line Selection in Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers」と題する、米国仮特許出願第62/291,483号の利益を主張し、参照として本明細書に組み込まれる。
米国政府は、ローレンスリバモア国立研究所(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)の運営に関する、米国エネルギー省とローレンスリバモアナショナルフリーダム、LLC(Lawrence Livermore National Freedom、LLC)との間の契約番号DE−AC52−07NA27344に従って、本発明の権利を有する。
しかし、それを用いて目覚ましい結果が実現されている。
本発明の実施形態は、この目的のためにグレーデッドインデックス(GRIN)介在物を使用する。ステップインデックスロッドも使用できる。GRINはバックグラウンドガラスよりも高い屈折率を有し、真の導波モードをサポートする。ディプレスト格子に囲まれた場合、実効屈折率がバックグラウンドガラスよりも低いがSFMよりも高いモードをサポートすることもでき、コアモードと同様に、これらのモードは任意に小さな損失を有することができる。しかし、それらのモードの実効屈折率は波長が増加するにつれてSFMの屈折率に向かって減少し、決定的なことに、任意の、より高次のGRINモードは、ある波長においてカットオフされる(導波を失う)。実効屈折率がバックグラウンドガラスよりも低い場合、格子によって部分的にのみ囲まれたGRINのモードは、高い損失を経験することになる。
領域108は、領域100と106とを共振結合させる補助的導波路領域である。
Claims (34)
- 第1の波長λ1および第2の波長λ2を有する光を含む1つ以上のモードを伝搬するように構成された信号伝搬導波路領域と、
シンク領域と、
前記第2の波長λ2の光を、前記信号伝搬導波路領域から前記シンク領域へ共振結合させるように構成された補助的導波路領域と、を備える導波路。 - 前記信号伝搬導波路領域は、前記補助的導波路領域を介して前記シンク領域への前記波長λ2の波長選択的結合を受ける、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記波長λ2における光が、前記信号伝搬導波路領域から出て前記シンク領域に至る、請求項2に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域および前記シンク領域は、前記補助的導波路領域を介する以外には結合することがない、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域内の前記1つ以上のモードの各モードの実効屈折率と、前記補助的導波路領域によってサポートされる前記1つ以上のモードの内の少なくとも1つのモードの実効屈折率とが、前記波長λ2において厳密に一致し前記波長λ1においては厳密には一致しないときに、前記波長選択的結合が生じる、請求項2に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域の実効屈折率は波長に弱い依存性しか示さず、前記補助的導波路領域の実効屈折率は波長に対して大きく変化する、請求項5に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域の実効屈折率および前記補助的導波路領域の実効屈折率は、前記波長λ1および前記波長λ2に対して大きくかつ反対方向に変化する、請求項5に記載の導波路。
- 前記シンク領域は、前記補助的導波路領域内の関連するモードの実効屈折率よりも高い実効屈折率を有する多数のモードをサポートする、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記シンク領域は、前記補助的導波路領域内の関連するモードの実効屈折率よりも高い実効屈折率を有するモードの連続体をサポートする、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記シンク領域は波長λ2の光に散逸性である、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記シンク領域は前記波長λ2の光に吸収性である、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記シンク領域は前記信号伝搬導波路領域よりも多くのモードをサポートし、それにより前記信号伝搬導波路領域と前記シンク領域との間の光の共有が、前記信号伝搬導波路領域内の光量を減少させる、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記シンク領域内の前記モードは強力で好ましくはランダムに変化する結合を受ける、請求項12に記載の導波路。
- 前記シンク領域内の前記モードは強力でランダムに変化する結合を受ける、請求項12に記載の導波路。
- 前記ランダムに変化する結合は、前記シンク領域内の長軸方向変化を含む、請求項14に記載の導波路。
- 光が前記信号伝搬導波路領域に戻るときに越える距離(「復活」距離)が前記導波路よりも長い、請求項12に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域は、前記シンク領域の実効屈折率に一致する実効屈折率を含む第1の部分を含む、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域は、前記補助的導波路領域の実効屈折率よりも前記シンク領域の実効屈折率により近い実効屈折率を含む第1の部分を含む、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路はドーパントを含む、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記ドーパントはレイジングドーパントを含む、請求項19に記載の導波路。
- 前記ドーパントは希土類元素を含む、請求項19に記載の導波路。
- 前記レイジングドーパントは、ネオジム、エルビウム、エルビウム/イッテルビウム、サマリウム、テルビウムおよびツリウムからなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の導波路。
- 前記導波路の断面形状は、円形、矩形、六角形および環状からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域は所与の波長(λ1)の光を閉じ込めるように構成されるように格子が設けられ、前記格子は、前記信号伝搬導波路領域の前記第1の部分の実効屈折率よりも低い実効屈折率を有する材料のストランドを備える、請求項17に記載の導波路。
- 前記補助的導波路領域は、前記格子の中に含まれ、前記波長λ2において前記信号伝搬導波路領域の前記第1の部分の実効屈折率以上の実効屈折率を有するストランドを備える、請求項24に記載の導波路。
- 前記格子は更に、前記波長λ2において前記信号伝搬導波路領域の前記第1の部分の実効屈折率以上の実効屈折率を有する材料を含む、請求項24に記載の導波路。
- 前記材料はモノリシック結合導波路を含む、請求項26に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域はステップインデックスを含み、前記シンク領域はレイズドインデックスシンクを含む、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記ステップインデックスは、周囲領域に対して高い屈折率を有するコア部分によって形成され、前記シンク領域は、前記周囲領域の屈折率よりも高く、かつ前記コア部分の屈折率と少なくとも同等の高さの屈折率を有する、請求項28に記載の導波路。
- 前記補助的導波路領域はモノリシック結合導波路を含む、請求項28に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域は、前記補助的導波路領域を介した前記シンク領域への前記波長λ2の波長選択的結合を受け、前記補助的導波路領域を介した前記シンク領域への波長λ1の結合がない、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記補助的導波路領域は複数の結合導波路を含む、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記補助的導波路領域はモノリシック結合導波路を含む、請求項1に記載の導波路。
- 前記信号伝搬導波路領域は、1つ以上の追加の波長を伝搬するように構成され、前記補助的導波路領域は、前記1つ以上の追加の波長の少なくとも1つの追加の波長を、前記信号伝搬導波路領域から前記シンク領域に共振結合するように構成される、請求項1に記載の導波路。
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