JP2019217964A - Unloading method - Google Patents
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- JP2019217964A JP2019217964A JP2018118030A JP2018118030A JP2019217964A JP 2019217964 A JP2019217964 A JP 2019217964A JP 2018118030 A JP2018118030 A JP 2018118030A JP 2018118030 A JP2018118030 A JP 2018118030A JP 2019217964 A JP2019217964 A JP 2019217964A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、粉粒体または粉体の荷揚げ方法に関する。詳しくは、発塵し易い粉を含んだ粉粒体または粉体を船倉より荷揚げする際に、上記粉による粉塵が船の周囲の港湾設備、海面等に飛散するのを効果的に防止することを可能とした荷揚げ方法を提供するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for unloading a granular material or a powder. Specifically, when unloading powder or granular material containing powder that is easy to generate from the hold, it is necessary to effectively prevent the dust caused by the powder from scattering to port facilities around the ship, the sea surface, etc. It is intended to provide a method of unloading that is possible.
ホワイトペレット、石炭、石炭コークス、石油コークス、小麦粉、フライアッシュ、パーム椰子殻（ＰＫＳ）等の粉粒体または粉体の輸送には、生産現地から使用地まで大量に且つ安価に運搬するためバルク積載船が使用される。上記粉粒体または粉体は、積載船の船倉にバラ積み状態で収容して輸送され、使用地の港或いはその近郊の港で荷揚げされる。
一般的な荷揚げ方法としては、陸上クレーン、或いは、船上クレーンに取り付けられたチェーンバケット、クラブバケット等のバケットにより、船倉内の粉粒体または粉体を掬い上げ、これを船倉外に位置するホッパーに投入し、次いで、上記ホッパーよりベルトコンベアー、トラック等の輸送機器に積載することによって荷揚げを行うのが一般的である。また、荷揚げされた粉粒体または粉体は目的地まで輸送され、サイロや倉庫等の所定の場所に保管される。
For the transportation of white pellets, coal, coal coke, petroleum coke, flour, fly ash, palm coconut shell (PKS), etc., bulk is used to transport large quantities and inexpensively from the production site to the land used. Loading vessels are used. The granular material or powder is stored in bulk in a cargo hold of a loading ship, transported, and unloaded at a port of use or a port near the port.
As a general unloading method, a land crane, or a bucket such as a chain bucket or a club bucket attached to a shipboard crane, scoops up the powder or granular material in the hold, and places it in a hopper located outside the hold. In general, the hopper is loaded onto a transport device such as a belt conveyor or a truck from the hopper to be unloaded. The unloaded powder or granules are transported to a destination and stored in a predetermined place such as a silo or a warehouse.
ところで、小麦粉等の穀物粉はそれ自体が発塵し易い細かい粉体よりなる。また、ホワイトペレットは、樹皮を含まない木質部粉を加圧して、木質に含まれるリグニンの溶融とその接着機能を利用して固めたものである。特に接着材と称される添加剤を使用しないこともあって、十分に接合されずに木粉のまま残っているもの、更には表面の木粉が移送中に摩擦等でペレット成形体から分離して木粉化した発塵し易い粉体を含んでいる。
これら発塵し易い粉を含む粉粒体または粉体を、前記チェーンバケットやクラブバケットを使用して荷揚げすると、ホッパーに投入する際や、ホッパーから輸送機器に積載する際に、発塵して港湾施設や荷役設備に堆積するという問題を有する。具体的には、荷役重機に粉塵が堆積し、重機のエアーフィルターを閉塞することによるオーバーヒートを防止するため３時間に1回程度の頻度でフィルターの掃除を必要としたり、船舶の周辺の海面に飛散した粉塵が海面に堆積して浮遊したりするため、その除去作業に多大の労力を必要とするなどの問題を有していた。
当該問題は、各設備のオペレータの技量の向上や操作方法の改善、荷揚げ時の気象条件の選択等によりある程度の解決は図られるが、根本的な解決にはなっていないのが現状である。
By the way, cereal flour such as flour itself is made of fine powder which easily generates dust. The white pellets are obtained by pressing woody flour containing no bark and using the melting function of lignin contained in woody material and its adhesive function to solidify it. In particular, wood is not sufficiently bonded and remains as wood flour, because the additive called adhesive is not used. In addition, the wood flour on the surface is separated from the pellet by friction during transportation. It contains powder that is easily made into wood and is easy to generate dust.
When unloading the powder or granules containing these easily-produced powders using the chain bucket or the club bucket, when thrown into the hopper or when loaded from the hopper onto the transportation equipment, the dust is generated. There is a problem that it accumulates in port facilities and cargo handling equipment. Specifically, dust must be cleaned about once every three hours to prevent overheating due to the accumulation of dust on the heavy equipment and blocking the air filters of the heavy equipment. Since the scattered dust accumulates and floats on the sea surface, there is a problem that a great deal of labor is required for removing the dust.
This problem can be solved to some extent by improving the skill of the operator of each facility, improving the operation method, selecting weather conditions at the time of unloading, etc., but at present it is not a fundamental solution.
一方、タテ型スクリューコンベアーとベルトコンベアーを組み合わせて船倉の粉体を荷揚げする方法もあるが、羽根車で粉体をかき寄せる時や、スクリューコンベアーからホッパーを介してベルトコンベアーに積載する時に同様に発塵の問題が生じるし、更にトラック等への積載において、前記と同様に発塵が発生する。
このような発塵を抑制する方法として、散水による防塵が一般的且つ安価な手段として採用されるが、小麦粉等の穀物粉への散水は腐敗、品質劣化等を引き起こすので厳禁である。ホワイトペレットも、形状崩れや保管時の嫌気発酵を起こすので散水は禁止されている。
更に、真空吸引機構を備えた空気輸送手段を使用した荷揚げも実用化されているが、専用の設備が必要となるばかりでなく、空気輸送された粉粒体または粉体を貯蔵場所、或いはトラック等に積載する際には、前記と同様の問題を生じる。
On the other hand, there is also a method of unloading powder in the hold by combining a vertical screw conveyor and a belt conveyor, but similarly when scraping powder with an impeller, or when loading on a belt conveyor via a hopper from a screw conveyor. There is a problem of dust generation, and further, when loaded on a truck or the like, dust generation occurs as described above.
As a method of suppressing such dust generation, dust prevention by water sprinkling is adopted as a general and inexpensive means, but water sprinkling on cereal flour such as flour is strictly prohibited because it causes spoilage and quality deterioration. Watering is also prohibited for white pellets, because they cause shape collapse and anaerobic fermentation during storage.
Further, unloading using pneumatic transportation means equipped with a vacuum suction mechanism has also been put into practical use, but not only special equipment is required, but also pneumatically transported powder or granular material is stored in a storage place or truck. When loading on the like, the same problem as described above occurs.
従って、本発明の目的は、発塵し易い粉体が荷揚げ作業時に発塵し、船の周辺に飛散する現象を防止して、港湾設備などの作業環境、海面等の自然環境を保護する、荷揚げ方法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to prevent a phenomenon in which easily-produced powder is generated at the time of unloading work and prevent the powder from scattering around the ship, thereby protecting a work environment such as port facilities and a natural environment such as a sea surface. It is to provide an unloading method.
本発明によれば、船倉内にバラ積み状態で収容された粉粒体または粉体を荷揚げする方法であって、船倉内に密閉型コンテナを搬入し、次いで船倉内の粉粒体または粉体を当該密閉型コンテナに充填した後、上記コンテナを荷揚げすることを特徴とする荷揚げ方法が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided a method for unloading a powder or a granular material stored in a bulk state in a hold, carrying a closed container into the hold, and then loading the granular material or the powder in the hold. And then unloading the container after filling the closed type container with the container.
本発明の方法においては、
１）密閉型コンテナが、上面に開閉蓋を有するコンテナであること
２）粉体が、ホワイトペレットまたは小麦粉などの穀物粉であること
３）油圧ショベル等の重機を使用して、粉体を密閉型コンテナに充填すること
が好適である。
In the method of the present invention,
1) The closed container is a container having an open / close lid on the upper surface 2) The powder is cereal powder such as white pellets or flour 3) The powder is sealed using a heavy machine such as a hydraulic shovel It is preferred to fill the mold container.
本発明においては、密閉型コンテナを使用して船倉内の粉体を荷揚げするので、粉体が積載船から荷揚げ（陸上部に移送）する際の発塵をほぼ完全に防止できる。
この為、船周辺の港湾施設や設備、特に海上への飛散を確実に防止できる。その結果、荷揚げ用のクレーン等の重機の所定時間ごとの清掃作業が不要となり、作業効率の向上並びに作業費用の低下が達成される。また、岸壁や海面の汚染を防止でき、清掃作業が不要となるばかりか作業環境や自然環境の保護において有益である。
また、荷揚げしたコンテナは、粉粒体または粉体を収容した状態で貯蔵できるため、これまで起こっていた、粉体を陸上の倉庫内に搬入する作業も不要となり、搬入作業時の発塵による倉庫内施設や重機の汚染等の問題が解消される。更には、屋外にコンテナを配置して貯蔵することも可能であり、倉庫施設そのものが不要となる。
このように、本発明の工業的価値は極めて高いものがある。
In the present invention, since the powder in the hold is discharged using the closed type container, dust generation when the powder is discharged from the loading ship (transferred to the land) can be almost completely prevented.
For this reason, it is possible to reliably prevent the port facilities and equipment around the ship from scattering to the sea. As a result, it becomes unnecessary to clean heavy equipment such as a crane for unloading at predetermined time intervals, thereby improving work efficiency and reducing work costs. Moreover, pollution of the quay and the sea surface can be prevented, and not only cleaning work becomes unnecessary, but also it is useful in protecting the working environment and the natural environment.
In addition, since unloaded containers can be stored in a state in which powder or granules are stored, the work of transporting powder into a warehouse on land, which has occurred until now, is unnecessary, and dust generated during loading work is eliminated. Problems such as contamination of warehouse facilities and heavy equipment are eliminated. Furthermore, it is also possible to arrange and store the containers outdoors, and the warehouse facility itself becomes unnecessary.
Thus, the industrial value of the present invention is extremely high.
本発明において、荷揚げの対象となる粉粒体または粉体は、ホワイトペレット、石炭、石炭コークス、石油コークス、小麦粉、セメント、フライアッシュ、石膏粉、石灰石粉末、パーム椰子殻（ＰＫＳ）等、多種多様な粉粒体または粉体が挙げられる。そのうち、微粉を含むが故に大変発塵しやすく、しかも水分を嫌う、ホワイトペレットや小麦粉などの穀物粉に対して、本発明は好適である。
上記粉体は、生産地近傍の港で積載船にバラ積みされて目的地の港まで輸送され、当該港において荷揚げされる。
粉粒体または粉体を積載する積載船の構造は特に限定されなく、仕切りがない単槽型の積載船であってもよいし、２以上の収納室に仕切られた構造の積載船であってもよい。
In the present invention, various types of powder or granules to be unloaded include white pellets, coal, coal coke, petroleum coke, flour, cement, fly ash, gypsum powder, limestone powder, palm coconut shell (PKS) and the like. A variety of granules or powders are included. Among them, the present invention is suitable for cereal powders such as white pellets and flour, which are very dusty because they contain fine powder and which dislike water.
The powder is loaded in bulk on a loading ship at a port near the production location, transported to the destination port, and discharged at the port.
The structure of the loading vessel for loading the granular material or the powder is not particularly limited, and may be a single tank type loading vessel having no partition or a loading vessel having a structure partitioned into two or more storage rooms. You may.
本発明の最大の特徴は、図１に示すように、上記粉粒体または粉体３がばら積みされた船倉１に密閉型コンテナ２を搬入し、船倉内において該コンテナ２に粉粒体または粉体を充填し、密閉状態で船倉から搬出（荷揚げ）することにある。
従来、粉粒体または粉体の荷揚げにおいて、粉粒体または粉体を船倉内で密閉型コンテナに充填して、荷揚げの際の粉塵の発生を防止する思想は、本発明によって初めて提案されるものである。
The most significant feature of the present invention is that, as shown in FIG. 1, a closed container 2 is carried into a hold 1 in which the powder or granules 3 or the powder 3 is piled up, and the powder or granules or powder is added to the container 2 in the hold. To fill the body and carry it out of the hold in a sealed state.
Conventionally, in unloading powder or granules, the idea of filling the powder or granules or powder in a closed container in a hold to prevent the generation of dust at the time of unloading is proposed by the present invention for the first time. Things.
上記密閉型コンテナ２は、船倉に積載された粉粒体または粉体の量を勘案して、必要な個数が準備される。荷揚げ作業としては、１個または船倉の大きさが許容する範囲で複数の密閉型コンテナを、例えば陸上クレーン、或いは、船上クレーンにより船倉内に搬入し、上記コンテナの開閉扉５を開いて粉粒体または粉体を充填後、陸上クレーン、或いは、船上クレーンにより船倉外に搬出（荷揚げ）する方法が一般的である。粉粒体または粉体のコンテナへの充填は、ホイルローダ、パワーショベル、ブルドーザー等の重機４を船倉内に配置して行うことも可能であるが、陸上クレーン、或いは、船上クレーンにバケットを装備して行うこともできる。
尚、充填時に開の状態となる開閉扉５は、船倉１から荷揚げする際は、閉の状態とすることが好ましいが、荷揚げ後、陸上において閉の状態とすることもできる。
そして、上記特徴的手段により、荷揚げの際、船倉周辺部における粉塵による問題を解消することが可能となる。また、密閉型コンテナは、そのまま貯蔵用として利用することができる。
The required number of the hermetically sealed containers 2 is prepared in consideration of the amount of the granular material or the powder loaded in the hold. In the unloading operation, one or a plurality of hermetically sealed containers is carried into the hold by a land crane or a ship-mounted crane, for example, to the extent permitted by the size of the hold, and the opening / closing door 5 of the container is opened to open the container. After filling the body or powder, it is common to carry out (discharge) the cargo to the outside of the hold using a land crane or a shipboard crane. The filling of the granular material or the powder into the container can be performed by arranging a heavy machine 4 such as a wheel loader, a power shovel, or a bulldozer in a hold, but a land crane or a ship crane is provided with a bucket. You can also do it.
The opening / closing door 5, which is opened when filling, is preferably closed when unloading from the hold 1, but may be closed on land after unloading.
By the above-mentioned characteristic means, it is possible to solve the problem due to dust in the periphery of the hold at the time of unloading. Further, the closed type container can be used as it is for storage.
本発明において、粉粒体または粉体を充填する密閉型コンテナは、開閉扉が設けられた公知のコンテナを使用することが可能であるが、粉粒体または粉体の充填に使用する重機の種類に応じて、開閉扉の位置を選択することが好ましい。具体的には、粉粒体または粉体を掬い上げて充填するのに適した油圧ショベル等の重機、陸上クレーン、或いは、船上クレーンに取り付けられたバケットなどを使用して粉粒体または粉体を充填する場合は、開閉扉が上面に設けられたコンテナが好適であり、粉粒体または粉体を押し込んで充填するのに適したホイルローダ、ブルドーザー等の重機においては、開閉扉が側面に設けられたコンテナが好適に使用される。この場合、重機がコンテナ内に入り込んで作業ができるよう、重機とコンテナとの相互の大きさを決定することが好ましい。
また、前記密閉型コンテナに充填された粉粒体または粉体を排出する際の排出用の扉は、前記充填用の扉を兼用してもよいし、別途開閉扉を設けてもよい。また、開閉扉の構造も特に制限されるものではなく、公知のコンテナに取り付けられる構造を採用することができる。
In the present invention, a known container provided with an opening / closing door can be used as the closed container for filling the granular material or the powder, but a heavy machine used for filling the granular material or the powder can be used. It is preferable to select the position of the door according to the type. Specifically, using a heavy machine such as a hydraulic excavator suitable for scooping and filling powder or granules or powder, a land crane, or a bucket or the like attached to a shipboard crane, etc. In the case of filling, a container provided with an opening / closing door on the upper surface is suitable, and in a heavy machine such as a wheel loader or a bulldozer suitable for pushing and filling powder or granular material, the opening / closing door is provided on a side surface. The used container is preferably used. In this case, it is preferable to determine the mutual size of the heavy equipment and the container so that the heavy equipment can enter the container and work.
Further, a discharging door for discharging the powder or the granular material filled in the closed type container may serve also as the filling door, or may be provided with a separate opening / closing door. Further, the structure of the opening / closing door is not particularly limited, and a structure that can be attached to a known container can be adopted.
図２は、本発明に使用する密閉型コンテナの一態様を示す概略図である。図２に示す態様は、上面に充填用の開閉扉５と側面に排出用の開閉扉６を備えた密閉型コンテナを示すものである。尚、図において、扉の開閉はヒンジ７により観音開きとなっているが、片側開きでもよく、更にはスライド式でもよい。また、扉を閉めた際の密閉性を高めるため、また、屋外に放置時の雨等の侵入を防止するため、扉は留め具８によって固定することが好ましい。また、扉の周縁部には、液密性を高めるためにパッキンを設けることがより好適である。
本発明において、前記密閉型コンテナの容量は、荷役設備により船倉に搬入可能な容量であれば特に制限されないが、１０〜１００ｍ３、好ましくは、１５〜６０ｍ３程度の容量のものが一般的である。
更に、密閉型コンテナの材質は特に制限されないが、ステンレス、アルミニウム、鋼鉄、鉄などの構造材が一般に使用される。また、上記材質は、枠体、開閉扉等の部材毎に２種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a closed container used in the present invention. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 shows a closed container having an opening / closing door 5 for filling on the upper surface and an opening / closing door 6 for discharging on the side surface. Although the door is opened and closed by the hinge 7 in the drawing, it may be opened on one side or may be a slide type. In addition, it is preferable that the door be fixed by the fastener 8 in order to enhance the airtightness when the door is closed and to prevent rain or the like from entering when left outdoors. Further, it is more preferable to provide a packing on a peripheral portion of the door in order to enhance liquid tightness.
In the present invention, the capacity of the closed type container is not particularly limited as long as it is a capacity that can be carried into the hold by the cargo handling equipment, but a capacity of about 10 to 100 m 3 , preferably about 15 to 60 m 3 is generally used. is there.
Further, the material of the closed container is not particularly limited, but structural materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, steel, and iron are generally used. In addition, the above materials can be used in combination of two or more types for each member such as a frame body and an opening / closing door.
１ 船倉
２ 密閉型コンテナ
３ 粉粒体または粉体
４ 重機
５ 開閉扉
６ 開閉扉
７ ヒンジ
８ 留め具（取っ手）
９ 吊り具
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hold 2 Sealed container 3 Powder or granular material 4 Heavy machinery 5 Door 6 Door 7 Hinge 8 Fastener (handle)
9 hanging tools
Claims (4)
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| JP2018118030A JP7143125B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Unloading method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018118030A JP7143125B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Unloading method |
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| JP2019217964A true JP2019217964A (en) | 2019-12-26 |
| JP7143125B2 JP7143125B2 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114084700A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-02-25 | 大连海事大学 | Truss type poking and grabbing system applied to unloading of refrigerated ship |
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| CN106882612A (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-23 | 蔡健珊 | To inland river bulk freighter unload the operational method and platform of direct Stuff (to) |
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| CN114084700A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-02-25 | 大连海事大学 | Truss type poking and grabbing system applied to unloading of refrigerated ship |
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| JP7143125B2 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
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