JP2019171491A - Machine tool, tool module, and cutting method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a machine tool which enables improvement of surface accuracy of a processing surface of a workpiece, a tool module, and a cutting method.SOLUTION: A machine tool includes: a tool holding device 5 having a fixing part; a tool module 100 attached to the tool holding device 5; a workpiece support device which supports a workpiece W; and a moving device which moves the tool holding device 5 and the workpiece support device relative to each other. The tool module 100 includes: a module housing 150 fastened to the fixing part; a first shaft member 120 which is rotatably supported by the module housing 150 and rotationally driven; a first annular tool 110; a second shaft member 130 which is integrally provided with the first annular tool 110 in a coaxial manner and is supported by the module housing 150 in a manner that the second shaft member 130 can rotate around an axis different from a rotation axis of the first shaft member 120; and a transmission mechanism 140 which transmits rotation of the first shaft member 120 to the second shaft member 130.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool, a tool module, and a cutting method.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for cutting an outer peripheral surface of a workpiece by feeding a cutting tool (annular tool) having an outer peripheral surface as a rake surface while rotating around an axis. Patent Document 2 discloses a swivel tool adapter that transmits the rotation of the spindle to the tool while supporting the tool in a state where the rotation axis of the tool intersects (tilts) the rotation axis of the spindle of the machine tool. Yes.

  Further, when the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical or conical workpiece is cut using the cutting tool (annular tool) described in Patent Document 1, in order to avoid interference between the cutting tool and the workpiece, cutting is performed. The cutting tool is inserted inside the workpiece with the rotation axis of the tool inclined.

JP 2016-26894 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-217442

  When cutting the inner peripheral surface of a workpiece using the above-described technique, the axial length of the tool axis of the cutting tool held by the cutting tool adapter (tool module) is increased, and the housing of the cutting tool adapter It is necessary to avoid interference with the workpiece. In this case, since the distance between the holding position of the tool axis by the cutting tool adapter and the processing position of the workpiece by the cutting tool is increased, the vibration of the cutting tool is increased at the processing position. On the other hand, since the cutting tool adapter is detachably coupled to the fixed side of the machine tool, if the support rigidity of the cutting tool adapter with respect to the fixed side of the machine tool is not sufficient, The reaction force applied makes the cutting tool adapter easily bent. As a result, the vibration generated in the cutting tool at the machining position increases, and the surface accuracy of the workpiece surface decreases.

  An object of this invention is to provide the machine tool, the tool module, and the cutting method which can improve the surface precision of the processed surface of a workpiece.

  A machine tool of the present invention includes a tool holding device having at least a fixing portion, a tool module attached to the tool holding device, a workpiece support device that supports a workpiece, the tool holding device, and the workpiece support device. And a moving device for relatively moving. The tool module includes a module housing fastened to the fixing portion, a first shaft member rotatably supported by the module housing and driven to rotate, and an annular cutting edge having a rake face as an outer peripheral surface. A first annular tool, and a second shaft member that is integrally provided coaxially with the first annular tool and is supported by the module housing so as to be rotatable about an axis different from the rotation axis of the first shaft member; A transmission mechanism that transmits the rotation of the first shaft member to the second shaft member.

  The tool module of the present invention includes a tool holding device having at least a fixing portion, a workpiece support device that supports a workpiece, and a moving device that relatively moves the tool holding device and the workpiece support device. Used for equipped machine tools. The tool module includes a module housing fastened to the fixing portion, a first shaft member rotatably supported by the module housing and driven to rotate, and an annular cutting edge having a rake face as an outer peripheral surface. A first annular tool, and a second shaft member that is integrally provided coaxially with the first annular tool and is supported by the module housing so as to be rotatable about an axis different from the rotation axis of the first shaft member; A transmission mechanism that transmits the rotation of the first shaft member to the second shaft member.

  According to the machine tool and the tool module of the present invention, since the module housing is fastened to the fixed portion of the tool module, the support rigidity of the tool module with respect to the fixed portion can be increased. Therefore, since the machine tool can suppress vibration generated in the cutting tool during cutting, the surface accuracy of the processed surface of the workpiece can be improved.

  The cutting method of the present invention includes a tool holding device having at least a fixing portion, a tool module attached to the tool holding device, a workpiece support device that supports a workpiece, the tool holding device, and the workpiece support device. Is a cutting method using a machine tool provided with a moving device that relatively moves. The tool module includes a module housing fastened to the fixing portion, a first shaft member rotatably supported by the module housing and driven to rotate, and an annular cutting edge having a rake face as an outer peripheral surface. A first annular tool, and a second shaft member that is integrally provided coaxially with the first annular tool and is supported by the module housing so as to be rotatable about an axis different from the rotation axis of the first shaft member; A transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the first shaft member to the second shaft member, and the cutting method includes the second shaft member and the first annular tool inserted into the workpiece. The inner peripheral surface of the workpiece is cut.

  In the cutting method according to the present invention, since the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece is cut with the second shaft member and the first annular tool inserted into the workpiece, the machining position of the workpiece by the first annular tool And the support position of the second shaft member supported by the module housing can be reduced. Thereby, since the cutting method can increase the support rigidity of the first annular tool, the vibration of the first annular tool that occurs during the cutting process can be suppressed, and as a result, the surface accuracy of the work surface of the workpiece is improved. Can be made.

1 is a schematic side view of a machine tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of a 1st annular tool. It is a block diagram of a control apparatus. It is sectional drawing of a tool holding device and a tool module. It is the schematic diagram which looked at the state where the 3rd housing and the annular tool were inserted in workpiece W from the Z direction. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency and compliance regarding three different types of cutting tools. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the tool module in a second embodiment, and is the figure which omitted the upper part of the tool module. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the tool module in a third embodiment, and is the figure which omitted the upper part of the tool module. It is a figure explaining the modification of a transmission mechanism, and the fragmentary sectional view which abbreviate | omitted the upper part of the tool module is shown. It is a figure explaining the modification of 2nd embodiment, and the fragmentary sectional view which abbreviate | omitted the upper part of the tool module is shown.

  Hereinafter, a machine tool, a tool module, and a cutting method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<1. First embodiment>
(1-1: Schematic configuration of machine tool 1)
First, with reference to FIG. 1, schematic structure of the machine tool 1 which is 1st embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 1 is a four-axis machining center having three linear axes and one rotation axis (C axis). The machine tool 1 mainly includes a bed 2, a workpiece support device 3, a column 4, a tool holding device 5, a moving device 6, a tool module 100, and a control device 7.

  The bed 2 is placed on the floor. The workpiece support device 3 is provided so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the upper surface of the bed 2 and supports the workpiece W so as to be rotatable around a C axis parallel to the Z axis. The workpiece support device 3 includes a moving table 31, a rotary table 32, and a table motor 33. The moving table 31 is provided on the upper surface of the bed 2, and the rotating table 32 is supported by the moving table 31 so as to be rotatable around the C axis. The table motor 33 is a rotational drive source that rotates the rotary table 32. The workpiece W is held by the rotary table 32 and is driven by the table motor 33 to rotate integrally with the rotary table 32.

  The column 4 is provided to be movable in the X-axis direction with respect to the upper surface of the bed 2. The tool holding device 5 is provided to be movable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the side surface of the column 4. The moving device 6 includes a Z-axis feeding device 61, a Z-axis motor 62, an X-axis feeding device 63, an X-axis motor 64, a Y-axis feeding device 65, and a Y-axis motor 66.

  The Z-axis feeding device 61 is a screw feeding device that feeds the workpiece support device 3 in the Z direction with respect to the bed 2. The Z-axis motor 62 is a drive source that drives the Z-axis feeding device 61, and the workpiece support device 3 moves in the Z direction by being driven by the Z-axis motor 62. The X-axis feeding device 63 is a screw feeding device that sends the column 4 to the bed 2 in the X direction. The X-axis motor 64 is a drive source that drives the X-axis feeding device 63, and the column 4 is moved in the X direction by being driven by the X-axis motor 64. The Y-axis feeding device 65 is a screw feeding device that sends the tool holding device 5 to the column 4 in the Y direction. The Y-axis motor 66 is a drive source that drives the Y-axis feed device 65, and the workpiece support device 3 is moved in the Y direction by being driven by the Y-axis motor 66.

  The tool module 100 is fixed to the tool holding device 5. The tool module 100 is equipped with a first annular tool 110 used for cutting the workpiece W, and the machine tool 1 rotates the workpiece W and the first annular tool 110 while the workpiece W by the first annular tool 110 is rotated. The cutting process is performed.

  Here, the first annular tool 110 will be described with reference to FIG. The first annular tool 110 includes a tool body 111 and a tool shaft portion 112. The tool body 111 is a part for cutting the workpiece W. The tool body 111 is formed in a truncated cone shape, and the outer peripheral surface 113 of the tool body 111 forms a rake face. Further, the end surface 114 on the large diameter side of the tool body 111 is formed as a flat relief surface, and the ridge line formed by the outer peripheral surface 113 and the end surface 114 is a continuous circular shape, that is, an annular cut that is not divided in the middle. Formed as a blade 115. The tool shaft portion 112 is a cylindrical portion extending from the end surface on the small diameter side of the tool main body 111.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 7 includes a workpiece rotation control unit 71, a spindle rotation control unit 72, and a position control unit 73. The workpiece rotation control unit 71 performs drive control of the table motor 33 to rotate the workpiece W fixed to the rotary table 32 around the rotation axis (C axis). The spindle rotation control unit 72 performs drive control of a spindle motor 53 described later, and rotates the spindle 52 (see FIG. 4).

  The position controller 73 controls the drive of the Z-axis motor 62 and moves the moving table 31 in the Z direction. As a result, the workpiece W supported by the workpiece support device 3 moves relative to the tool module 100 supported by the tool holding device 5 in the Z direction. Further, the position control unit 73 performs drive control of the X-axis motor 64 to move the column 4 in the X direction, and also controls drive of the Y-axis motor 66 to move the tool holding device 5 in the Y direction. Thereby, the tool module 100 fixed to the tool holding device 5 moves relative to the workpiece W supported by the workpiece support device 3 in the X direction and the Y direction.

(1-2: Tool holding device 5)
Next, the tool holding device 5 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the tool holding device 5 mainly includes an apparatus housing 51, a main shaft 52, a main shaft motor 53, a draw bar 54, and a collet 55.

  The device housing 51 is formed in a cylindrical shape. The device housing 51 is provided so as to be movable in the Y direction with respect to the column 4 (see FIG. 1). The device housing 51 includes a cylindrical end portion 56 provided at the lower end portion in the axial direction (Y direction). The cylindrical end portion 56 is an annular portion to which the tool module 100 is fixed.

  The main shaft 52 is formed in a cylindrical shape. The outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 52 is supported by the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical end portion 56 of the apparatus housing 51 via a bearing 57 so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis A1 parallel to the Y axis. Further, a tapered surface 58 having a diameter increasing downward is formed at the lower end portion of the main shaft 52.

  The main shaft motor 53 is a built-in motor housed in the apparatus housing 51 and is a rotational drive source that rotates the main shaft 52. The spindle motor 53 includes a rotor 53a and a stator 53b. The rotor 53a is fitted over the main shaft 52 so as to be integrally rotatable above the bearing 57. The stator 53b is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the device housing 51 on the radially outer side of the rotor 53a. A gap is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 53a and the inner peripheral surface of the stator 53b, and the rotor 53a rotates relative to the stator 53b.

  The draw bar 54 is a shaft-shaped member accommodated in the main shaft 52. The draw bar 54 is integrally rotatable with respect to the main shaft 52 and is provided so as to be relatively movable in the Y direction. The collet 55 is provided at the lower end of the draw bar 54. The collet 55 holds a pull stud 122 provided on the first shaft member 120 described later, and clamps the first shaft member 120 against the main shaft 52.

(1-3: Tool module 100)
Next, the tool module 100 will be described. The tool module 100 mainly includes a first annular tool 110, a first shaft member 120, a second shaft member 130, a transmission mechanism 140, and a module housing 150.

  The first shaft member 120 is chucked to the main shaft 52. The upper end portion of the first shaft member 120 is provided with a shank 121 supported by the tapered surface 58 when the first shaft member 120 is chucked to the main shaft 52 and a pull stud 122 held by the collet 55. The first shaft member 120 is coaxially connected to the main shaft 52 by being chucked by the main shaft 52, and rotates around the rotation axis A <b> 1 integrally with the main shaft 52 by transmitting a rotational force from the main shaft 52. That is, the first shaft member 120 is rotationally driven by the main shaft motor 53 via the main shaft 52.

  The second shaft member 130 is disposed with the rotational axis A2 of the second shaft member 130 parallel to the rotational axis A1 of the first shaft member 120 at a position offset in the Z direction with respect to the first shaft member 120. . The second shaft member 130 has a shorter axial length than the first shaft member 120. The first annular tool 110 is provided coaxially and integrally with the second shaft member 130 via the tool holder 131. That is, the first annular tool 110 rotates around the rotation axis A <b> 1 as the second shaft member 130 rotates.

  The transmission mechanism 140 transmits the rotation of the first shaft member 120 to the second shaft member 130. The transmission mechanism 140 includes a plurality of external gears 141 that are helical gears that mesh with each other, and an intermediate shaft member 142. The plurality of external gears 141 includes a drive gear 143, a driven gear 144, and an intermediate gear 145. The drive gear 143, the driven gear 144, and the intermediate gear 145 all have the same specifications.

  The drive gear 143 is externally fitted to the lower end portion of the first shaft member 120 so as to rotate together with the first shaft member 120. The driven gear 144 is externally fitted to the second shaft member 130 so as to be rotatable integrally with the second shaft member 130. The intermediate gear 145 is provided between the drive gear 143 and the driven gear 144. The intermediate gear 145 meshes with the drive gear 143 and the driven gear 144 and transmits the rotation of the drive gear 143 to the driven gear 144. As described above, the tool module 100 can increase the offset amount of the second shaft member 130 with respect to the first shaft member 120 by using the three external gears 141 as the transmission mechanism 140. Further, the transmission mechanism 140 uses helical gears as the plurality of external gears 141, thereby suppressing generation of noise at the time of meshing and temperature rise of the external gear 141 at the meshed part, and the first shaft member 120 to the first gear. The rotation transmission efficiency to the biaxial member 130 can be improved.

  The module housing 150 is formed to accommodate the first shaft member 120, the second shaft member 130, and the transmission mechanism 140. The module housing 150 includes a cylindrical first housing 151, a second housing 152 formed above the first housing 151, and a third housing 153 formed below the first housing 151.

  The first housing 151 is formed in a cylindrical shape that can accommodate a part of the first shaft member 120. The second housing 152 is a cylindrical portion having an outer diameter and an inner diameter larger than those of the first housing 151. A part of the first shaft member 120 is accommodated in the second housing 152, and the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft member 120 is rotatably supported via a bearing 154 with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the second housing 152. The The second housing 152 includes an annular surface 155 formed on an end surface facing upward. The second housing 152 is fastened by a bolt 156 in a state where the annular surface 155 is brought into contact with the end surface facing the lower side of the cylindrical end portion 56 of the device housing 51.

  Specifically, a plurality of bolt holes 56a having female threads into which the bolts 156 are screwed are formed on the end surface facing the lower side of the cylindrical end portion 56, and the second housing 152 is at a position corresponding to the bolt holes 56a. The engagement hole 152a with which the bolt 156 can be engaged is formed. The module housing 150 is fastened to the device housing 51 by a plurality of bolts 156 in a state where the positions of the engagement holes 152a and the bolt holes 56a are aligned. Thus, the module housing 150 is firmly connected to the device housing 51 by being fastened to the cylindrical end portion 56 of the device housing 51 at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction.

  The third housing 153 is formed to extend toward the workpiece support device 3 from the surface of the first housing 151 facing the workpiece support device 3 (left side in FIG. 4). The third housing 153 accommodates the transmission mechanism 140 and the second shaft member 130, and the third housing 153 supports the first shaft member 120 via a bearing 157 in a rotatable manner. The third housing 153 supports the second shaft member 130 via a bearing 158 so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis A2 different from the rotation axis A1 of the first shaft member 120. The third housing 153 supports the intermediate shaft member 142 via the bearing 159 so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis A3 different from the rotation axis A1 and the rotation axis A2. The rotation axis A1 of the first shaft member 120, the A2 of the second shaft member 130, and the rotation axis A3 of the intermediate shaft member are provided at positions that are parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other in the Z direction. Further, a part of the tool holder 131 and the first annular tool 110 held by the tool holder 131 protrude downward from the third housing 153 at a position offset from the rotation axis A <b> 1 of the first shaft member 120.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 5, the outer shape of the third housing 153 is such that it can be inserted into the workpiece W when the first annular tool 110 is held by the second shaft member 130. It is formed. That is, the axial lengths of the second shaft member 130 and the first annular tool 110 in a state where the first annular tool 110 is held by the second shaft member 130 are smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the workpiece W, and the driven gear. The outer diameter of 144 is set to be smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the workpiece W.

  In this regard, the transmission mechanism 140 includes three external gears 141, and the rotation of the drive gear 143 is transmitted to the driven gear 144 via the intermediate gear 145. In this case, each of the three external gears 141 can be reduced in size compared with the case where the drive gear 143 and the driven gear 144 are directly meshed. As a result, the tool module 100 can reduce the size of the third housing 153 that houses the transmission mechanism 140.

  In addition, the tool module 100 performs machining with the third housing 153 and the first annular tool 110 inserted into the workpiece W, thereby machining the workpiece W by the tool body 111 of the first annular tool 110. The distance between the position and the holding position of the second shaft member 130 by the third housing 153 can be reduced. Thereby, since the tool module 100 can improve the support rigidity of the 1st annular tool 110, it can suppress the vibration of the 1st annular tool 110 which generate | occur | produces at the time of cutting, As a result, processing of the workpiece W The surface accuracy of the surface can be improved.

  Furthermore, while the reaction force accompanying the cutting process is applied to the first annular tool 110, the tool module 100 includes the module housing 150 at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction with respect to the cylindrical end portion 56 of the device housing 51. It is concluded. Thereby, since the tool module 100 can improve the rigidity of the module housing 150 with respect to the apparatus housing 51, the vibration of the 1st annular tool 110 resulting from the reaction force accompanying a cutting process can be suppressed. As a result, the machine tool 1 can suppress the influence of the rotational runout of the first annular tool 110 during the cutting process from being transferred to the machining surface of the workpiece W.

  Further, the control device 7 determines that the feed amount of the first annular tool 110 with respect to the workpiece W during the cutting process is such that the first annular tool 110 contacts the workpiece W (working position) and the first housing. The drive control of the Z-axis motor 62 is performed so that the distance in the Z direction is also reduced. Thereby, the machine tool 1 can avoid interference between the first housing 151 and the workpiece W.

  In this regard, in the transmission mechanism 140, the three external gears 141 are disposed with their respective rotational axes A1, A2, and A3 being parallel to each other, and therefore, the offset of the second shaft member 130 with respect to the first shaft member 120. The amount can be increased. Therefore, the tool module 100 can easily avoid the interference between the workpiece W and the first housing 151 while ensuring a large feed amount of the first annular tool 110 with respect to the workpiece W.

  Further, regarding the thickness dimension in the radial direction of the first housing 151, the thickness dimension closer to the workpiece support device 3 than the first shaft member 120 is farther from the workpiece support device 3 than the first shaft member 120. It is smaller than the thickness dimension on the other side. Thereby, since the tool module 100 can ensure the space | interval of the 1st housing 151 and the workpiece W more widely, the feed amount of the 1st annular tool 110 with respect to the workpiece W can be enlarged. On the other hand, the tool module 100 is such that the thickness dimension of the first housing 151 on the side farther from the workpiece support device 3 than the first shaft member 120 is closer to the workpiece support device 3 than the first shaft member 120. The rigidity of the first housing 151 can be increased by making it larger than the thickness dimension.

  Here, in the cutting process using the first annular tool 110, the first annular tool 110 at the time of the cutting process is formed by making the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 orthogonal to the rotation axis (C axis) of the workpiece W. It is possible to suppress the influence of the rotational runout of the tool 110 from being transferred to the machining surface of the workpiece W.

  That is, when the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W is processed by the first annular tool 110 provided coaxially with the first shaft member 120, the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is inclined with respect to the Y direction, and the housing 150 It is necessary to avoid interference with the workpiece W. In this case, it is necessary to avoid the cutting edge 115 from interfering with the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W except at the machining position. As a result, when the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is tilted with respect to the Y direction, the workpiece W is compared with a case where the rotation axis At is orthogonal to the rotation axis (C axis) of the workpiece W. It is necessary to increase the angle of the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 with respect to the cutting direction (the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the workpiece W) as viewed from the direction of the rotation axis (nearly perpendicular).

  In this regard, as the angle of the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 with respect to the cutting direction (a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the workpiece W) viewed from the rotation axis direction of the workpiece W increases (the cutting direction and the rotation axis At and The closer to the vertical, the easier it is for the cutting edge 55 to face the inner circumferential surface of the workpiece W, which is the machining surface. In this case, the runout generated in the first annular tool 110 during the cutting process is easily transferred to the processed surface, and the surface accuracy of the processed surface of the workpiece W is lowered.

  On the other hand, the tool module 100 performs cutting in a state in which the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece W while avoiding interference between the module housing 150 and the workpiece W. Therefore, the surface accuracy of the processed surface of the workpiece W can be improved.

  Further, the rake angle and clearance angle between the first annular tool 110 and the workpiece W differ depending on whether or not the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece W. . In this regard, for example, when the first annular tool 110 cuts the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece W. It is assumed that cutting is performed.

  Therefore, when cutting is performed in a state in which the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is not orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece W, the rake angle and the relief angle are set to different angles than expected. As for the processed surface of the workpiece W after cutting, it becomes difficult to obtain a desired surface accuracy. Accordingly, also in this respect, the tool module 100 performs the cutting process in a state in which the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece W, so that the machining surface of the workpiece W is processed. The surface accuracy can be improved.

  Furthermore, in the cutting process using the first annular tool 110, the cutting edge K generated by the cutting process by making the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece W (see FIG. 4). Can be improved, and the temperature rise of the processed surface can be suppressed. Therefore, the quality of the processed surface of the workpiece W can be improved by performing cutting in a state where the rotation axis At of the first annular tool 110 is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece W.

  Further, the control device 7 controls the rotation direction of the first annular tool 110 and the workpiece W so that the chips K generated by the cutting with the first annular tool 110 are discharged toward the first housing 151 side. . Thereby, the machine tool 1 can efficiently discharge the chips K to the outside of the workpiece W. Further, at this time, the control device 7 sets the peripheral speed of the first annular tool 110 to be equal to or higher than the cutting speed of the first annular tool 110, so that the outflow speed of the chips K is set to be equal to or higher than the generation speed of the chips K. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can discharge the chips K smoothly.

  In addition, the machine tool 1 may be provided with the chip accommodating part 8 which can accommodate the chip K. FIG. For example, the chip storage unit 8 is configured such that the storage port 81 that is an opening serving as an inlet of the discharged chips K faces the side (workpiece support device 3 side) from which the chips K are discharged. Installed on the bottom. Thereby, the machine tool 1 can collect | recover the discharged | emitted chip K efficiently.

  Here, with reference to the graph shown in FIG. 6, the effect of suppressing the vibration generated in the first annular tool 110 during the cutting process using the tool module 100 will be described. FIG. 6 shows a graph showing measurement results obtained by exciting the cutting tool with the acceleration sensor attached to the tip of three different types of cutting tools. The horizontal axis of the graph represents frequency (Hz) and the vertical axis represents compliance (m / N). In addition, the graph shown in FIG. 6 indicates that the greater the compliance value, the greater the vibration and the lower the support rigidity of the cutting tool. And the broken line shown in FIG. 6 shows the frequency of the rotational speed of the cutting tool set when cutting the workpiece W using a cutting tool.

  A graph A shown in FIG. 6 shows the result of measurement performed by attaching the tool module 100 to the tool holding device 5 in the present embodiment. A graph B shown in FIG. 6 shows the result of measurement performed by directly attaching the first annular tool 110 to the tool holding device 5, and a graph C shown in FIG. 6 shows that a commercially available ankle head is attached to the tool holding device 5. The result of the measurement performed is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 6, as a result of the measurement, the compliance of the graph A was equivalent to that of the graph B at the frequency of the rotational speed of the cutting tool set when cutting the workpiece W. This means that even if the tool module 100 is used to perform cutting with the rotational axis At of the first annular tool 110 offset from the rotational axis A1 of the first shaft member 120, the first annular tool 110 is used. It is shown that the support rigidity equivalent to the case where cutting is performed in a state where the shaft is coaxially connected to the first shaft member 120 is obtained.

  On the other hand, in the graph C, the compliance value was higher than that in the graph A and the graph B at the frequency of the rotational speed of the cutting tool set when cutting the workpiece W. This indicates that the cutting work performed using the tool module 100 has higher support rigidity of the cutting tool and the vibration of the cutting tool is suppressed compared to the cutting work performed using a commercially available ankle head.

  As described above, in the machine tool 1, the tool module 100 can increase the support rigidity of the tool module 100 with respect to the device housing 51 by fastening the module housing 150 to the device housing 51 as a fixing portion with a bolt. . Thereby, since the machine tool 1 can suppress the vibration which generate | occur | produces in the 1st annular tool 110 at the time of cutting, the surface precision of the processed surface of the workpiece W can be improved.

  Further, the machine tool 1 can perform cutting of the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W in a state where the second shaft member 130 and the first annular tool 110 are inserted into the workpiece W. Thereby, the machine tool 1 can reduce the distance between the machining position of the workpiece W by the first annular tool 110 and the support position of the second shaft member 130 supported by the module housing 150. Thereby, since the machine tool 1 can increase the support rigidity of the first annular tool 110, it is possible to suppress the vibration of the first annular tool 110 generated at the processing position during the cutting process. The surface accuracy of the surface can be improved.

<2. Second embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the first embodiment, the case where the tool module 100 includes one cutting tool (the first annular tool 110) for cutting the workpiece W has been described. However, the tool module 200 in the second embodiment includes two cutting tools. (First annular tool 110 and second annular tool 210). In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the components same as above-mentioned 1st embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the tool module 200 in the second embodiment further includes a second annular tool 210 in addition to the configuration of the tool module 100 in the first embodiment. The second annular tool 210 is provided so as to be integrally rotatable with respect to the intermediate shaft member 242 via the tool holder 246, and is connected to the intermediate shaft member 142 via the drive gear 143 and the intermediate gear 145 of the first shaft member 120. By being transmitted, the second annular tool 210 and the intermediate shaft member 242 rotate.

  The second annular tool 210 is a cutting tool having the same configuration as that of the first annular tool 110, and includes a tool body 211 and a tool shaft portion 212. The tool body 211 of the second annular tool 210 is different from the tool body 111 of the first annular tool 110, and the machine tool 201 uses the first annular tool 110 when roughing the workpiece W. The second annular tool 210 is used when finishing the workpiece W after rough machining.

  In this case, the machine tool 201 performs rough machining of the workpiece W by the first annular tool 110 in a series of cutting processes including roughing and finishing, and then the first annular tool 110 is moved to the second shaft member 130. It is possible to eliminate the operation of removing the second annular tool 210 from the second annular tool 210. Thereby, the machine tool 201 can reduce the time required for the cutting process. In a series of cutting processes including roughing and finishing, the machine tool 201 may perform roughing using the second annular tool 210 and perform finishing using the first annular tool 110.

<3. Third Embodiment>
Next, a third embodiment will be described. In the first embodiment, the tool holding device 5 includes a main shaft 52 and a main shaft motor 53 that rotationally drives the main shaft 52, and the first shaft member 120 is connected to the main shaft 52 so that the first shaft member 120 is the main shaft. 52 and rotate integrally. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, the tool module 300 includes a spindle motor 353 serving as a rotational drive source for the first shaft member 320. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the components same as each above-mentioned embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the tool module 300 includes a first annular tool 110, a first shaft member 320, a second shaft member 130, a transmission mechanism 140, a main shaft motor 353, and a module housing 350. The first shaft member 320 has a shorter axial length than the second shaft member 130, and a main shaft motor 353 is connected to the upper end of the first shaft member 320. The main shaft motor 353 is a small motor that can be accommodated in the module housing 350 and serves as a rotational drive source that rotationally drives the first shaft member 320.

  The module housing 350 includes only a portion corresponding to the third housing 153 in the module housing 150 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. The module housing 350 is fastened with a bolt 356 to a fixed portion provided in the tool holding device 305.

  Specifically, the module housing 350 includes a connection surface 355 formed on an end surface facing upward. The module housing 350 is fastened by a bolt 356 in a state where the connecting surface 355 is in contact with the end surface facing the lower side of the fixed portion of the tool holding device 305.

  Specifically, a plurality of bolt holes 305a having female threads into which the bolts 356 are screwed are formed on an end surface of the tool holding device 305 facing downward, and positions corresponding to the bolt holes 305a are formed in the module housing 350. In addition, an engagement hole 350a in which the bolt 356 can be engaged is formed. The module housing 350 is fastened to the fixed portion of the tool holding device 305 with a plurality of bolts 356 in a state where the positions of the engagement holes 350a and the bolt holes 305a are aligned.

  Since the tool module 300 includes the spindle motor 353 as described above, the first annular tool 110 is attached to the tool holding device 305 that does not have a rotational drive source for rotationally driving the first annular tool 110. The workpiece W can be cut using the. Therefore, the module housing 350 can improve its versatility.

  Further, the tool module 300 can increase the support rigidity of the tool module 300 by the tool holding device 305 by fastening the module housing 350 to the tool holding device 305 with a bolt 356. Thereby, since the tool module 300 can suppress the vibration which generate | occur | produces in the 1st annular tool 110 at the time of cutting, the surface precision of the processed surface of the workpiece W can be improved.

<4. Other>
Although the present invention has been described based on the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and each modification, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Something can be easily guessed. For example, in the above-described embodiments, the case where the specifications of the plurality of external gears 141 are the same has been described. However, for example, external gears having different specifications may be used for the drive gear 143 and the driven gear 144. In this case, the transmission mechanism 140 can increase the rotation speed of the first annular tool 110 by increasing the rotation of the first shaft member 120 and transmitting it to the second shaft member 130.

  In each of the above embodiments, the case where the transmission mechanism 140 includes the drive gear 143, the driven gear 144, and one intermediate gear 145 has been described. However, the transmission mechanism 140 may include two or more intermediate gears 145. Good. In this case, the transmission mechanism 140 reduces the size of each external gear 141 so that the tool modules 100, 200, and 300 can reduce the outer shapes of the third housing 153 and the module housing 350 as viewed from the Z direction. be able to. Further, the transmission mechanism 140 includes two or more intermediate gears 145, so that the offset amount of the second shaft member 130 with respect to the first shaft members 120 and 320 can be increased.

  In each of the above embodiments, the transmission mechanism 140 includes a plurality of external gears 141 and the intermediate shaft member 142, and the rotation of the drive gear 143 is indirectly transmitted to the driven gear 144 via the intermediate gear 145. However, the intermediate shaft member 142 and the intermediate gear 145 may be omitted, and the rotation of the drive gear 143 may be directly transmitted to the driven gear 144. In this case, the tool modules 100, 200, and 300 can reduce the number of parts in the transmission mechanism 140.

  Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the transmission mechanism 140 includes the plurality of external gears 141 and the rotation of the first shaft members 120 and 320 is transmitted to the second shaft member 130 via the plurality of external gears 141 will be described. However, the rotation of the first shaft members 120 and 320 may be transmitted to the second shaft member 130 by other methods.

  Here, with reference to FIG. 9, the transmission mechanism 440 which is a modification of the transmission mechanism 140 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 9, the transmission mechanism 440 includes a first pulley 441 that rotates integrally with the first shaft member 120, a second pulley 442 that rotates integrally with the second shaft member 130, a first pulley 441, and a second pulley. And a drive belt 443 suspended on 442.

  In the transmission mechanism 440, the first pulley 441 rotates integrally with the first shaft member 120 as the first shaft member 120 rotates around the rotation axis A2. The second shaft member 130 rotates integrally with the second pulley 442 by transmitting the rotation of the first pulley 441 to the second pulley 442 via the drive belt 443. As described above, the transmission mechanism 440 can transmit the rotation of the first shaft member 120 to the second shaft member 130.

  In the second embodiment described above, the case where the second annular tool 210 is provided on the intermediate shaft member 242 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, a chip breaker 510 may be attached to the intermediate shaft member 242 instead of the second annular tool 210. In this case, the tool module 200 can divide the chips K by disposing the chip breaker 510 at a position where the chips K are discharged during the cutting process.

  In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, the case where the present invention is applied to the case where the machine tools 1 and 201 are vertical machining centers has been described as an example, but even when the machine tool is a horizontal machining center. It is possible to apply the present invention.

  Moreover, although each above-described embodiment demonstrated the case where the rotation axis A2 of the 2nd shaft member 130 was parallel with respect to the 1st shaft members 120 and 320, the rotation axis A2 of the 2nd shaft member 130 was 1st. The shaft members 120 and 320 may be inclined or orthogonal to the rotation axis A1. Even in this case, the tool modules 100, 200, and 300 reduce the distance between the machining position of the workpiece W by the first annular tool 110 and the support position of the second shaft member 130 supported by the module housings 150 and 350. Thus, the support rigidity of the first annular tool 110 can be increased. As a result, the tool modules 100, 200, and 300 can suppress the vibration of the first annular tool 110 that occurs during the cutting process, so that the surface accuracy of the processed surface of the workpiece W can be improved.

  In each of the above embodiments, the case where the plurality of external gears 141 are helical gears has been described. However, the plurality of external gears 141 may be spur gears or bevel gears. When the external gear 141 is a bevel gear, the rotation axis A2 of the second shaft member 130 may be parallel to or orthogonal to the rotation axis A1 of the first shaft members 120 and 320. Good.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the tool modules 100, 200, and 300 have the second shaft member 130 and the first annular tool 110 provided separately, and the first annular tool 110 is a tool with respect to the second shaft member 130. Although the case where it is provided integrally with the second shaft member 130 via the holder 131 has been described, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. That is, the second shaft member 130 may be formed integrally with the tool shaft portion 112 of the first annular tool 110. Similarly, in the second embodiment, the tool shaft portion 212 of the second annular tool 210 may be formed integrally with the intermediate shaft member 242b.

  In the second embodiment described above, the case where the specifications of the first annular tool 110 and the second annular tool 210 are different has been described. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and the first annular tool 110 and the second annular tool are not necessarily limited thereto. The specifications with 210 may be the same.

  In the second embodiment described above, the case where the intermediate shaft member 242 is formed so that the second annular tool 210 can be attached has been described. However, the first shaft member 120 is formed so that the second annular tool 210 can be attached. May be. For example, in this case, when cutting the cylindrical or conical workpiece W, the inner circumferential surface of the workpiece W is cut using the first annular tool 110 attached to the second shaft member 130, and the first The outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W is cut using the second annular tool 210 attached to the uniaxial member 120. Thereby, the machine tool 201 can cut the workpiece W more efficiently than the case where the first annular tool 110 is removed from the second shaft member 130 and replaced with the second annular tool 210.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,201: Machine tool, 3: Workpiece support apparatus, 5,305: Tool holding apparatus, 6: Movement apparatus, 7: Control apparatus, 8: Chip accommodating part, 51: Apparatus housing, 52: Spindle, 53,353 : Spindle motor (rotation drive source), 56: cylindrical end, 100, 200, 300: tool module, 110: first annular tool, 113: outer peripheral surface, 115: cutting edge, 120, 320: first shaft member , 130: second shaft member, 140, 440: transmission mechanism, 141: external gear, 142, 242: intermediate shaft member, 143: drive gear, 144: driven gear, 145: intermediate gear, 150, 350: module housing, 155: annular surface, 441: first pulley, 442: second pulley, 443: drive belt, 510: chip breaker, A1: rotation of first shaft member Line, A2: the rotational axis of the second shaft member, K: chips, W: workpiece

Claims (23)

A tool holding device having at least a fixing part;
A tool module attached to the tool holding device;
A workpiece support device for supporting the workpiece;
A moving device for relatively moving the tool holding device and the workpiece support device;
A machine tool with
The tool module is
A module housing fastened to the fixed portion;
A first shaft member rotatably supported by the module housing and driven to rotate;
A first annular tool having an annular cutting edge with a rake face on the outer peripheral surface;
A second shaft member provided coaxially with the first annular tool and supported by the module housing so as to be rotatable about an axis different from the rotation axis of the first shaft member;
A transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the first shaft member to the second shaft member;
A machine tool.   The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the module housing is fastened to the fixed portion of the tool holding device at a plurality of locations. The tool holding device is
Formed in a cylindrical shape, having a cylindrical end portion at an axial end, and an apparatus housing as the fixed portion;
A main shaft rotatably supported by the device housing;
A rotational drive source for rotationally driving the main shaft;
With
The module housing includes an annular surface that contacts the cylindrical end portion of the device housing, and is fastened at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction with respect to the cylindrical end portion of the device housing.
The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the first shaft member is coaxially connected to the main shaft and receives a rotational force from the main shaft.   The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein an axial length of the second shaft member is shorter than an axial length of the first shaft member.   The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the tool module further includes a rotational drive source that rotationally drives the first shaft member.   The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rotation axis of the second shaft member is positioned in parallel to the rotation axis of the first shaft member.   The machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the first shaft member and the second shaft member are arranged at a predetermined interval.   The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rotation axis of the second shaft member is inclined or orthogonal to the rotation axis of the first shaft member. The transmission mechanism includes a plurality of external gears meshing with each other,
The plurality of external gears are:
A drive gear that rotates integrally with the first shaft member;
A driven gear that rotates integrally with the second shaft member and to which the rotation of the drive gear is transmitted directly or indirectly;
The machine tool according to claim 1, comprising:   The machine tool according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of external gears include one or more intermediate gears that transmit rotation of the drive gear to the driven gear.   The machine tool according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the plurality of external gears are arranged in a state in which respective rotation axes are parallel to each other. The transmission mechanism is
A first pulley that rotates integrally with the first shaft member;
A second pulley that rotates integrally with the second shaft member;
A drive belt suspended from the first pulley and the second pulley;
The machine tool according to claim 1, comprising: The workpiece is cylindrical or conical,
The axial length of the second shaft member and the first annular tool in a state where the first annular tool is held by the second shaft member is smaller than a minimum inner diameter of the workpiece. The machine tool according to any one of 12. The machine tool includes a control device that performs control related to the tool holding device, the workpiece support device, and the moving device,
The control device makes the feed amount of the first annular tool to the workpiece smaller than a distance between a contact point where the first annular tool contacts the workpiece during cutting and the module housing. The machine tool according to any one of 1-13.   The said control apparatus controls the rotation direction of a said 1st annular tool and the said workpiece so that the chip | tip generated by the cutting process by the said 1st annular tool is discharged | emitted to the said module housing side. Machine tools.   The machine tool according to claim 15, wherein the tool module includes a chip container that opens toward a direction in which the chips are discharged and can store the chips.   The machine tool according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the tool module includes a chip breaker disposed at a position where the chips are discharged. The transmission mechanism includes an intermediate shaft member that can rotate integrally with the intermediate gear,
The machine tool according to claim 10, further comprising a second annular tool that is provided integrally with the intermediate shaft member and has an annular cutting edge having a rake face as an outer peripheral surface.   The machine tool according to claim 18, wherein the second annular tool has different specifications from the first annular tool. A tool holding device having at least a fixing part;
A workpiece support device for supporting the workpiece;
A moving device for relatively moving the tool holding device and the workpiece support device;
A tool module for use in a machine tool equipped with
A module housing fastened to the fixed portion;
A first shaft member rotatably supported by the module housing and driven to rotate;
A first annular tool having an annular cutting edge with a rake face on the outer peripheral surface;
A second shaft member provided coaxially with the first annular tool and supported by the module housing so as to be rotatable about an axis different from the rotation axis of the first shaft member;
A transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the first shaft member to the second shaft member;
A tool module comprising: A tool holding device having at least a fixing part;
A tool module attached to the tool holding device;
A workpiece support device for supporting the workpiece;
A moving device for relatively moving the tool holding device and the workpiece support device;
A cutting method using a machine tool equipped with
The tool module is
A module housing fastened to the fixed portion;
A first shaft member rotatably supported by the module housing and driven to rotate;
A first annular tool having an annular cutting edge with a rake face on the outer peripheral surface;
A second shaft member provided coaxially with the first annular tool and supported by the module housing so as to be rotatable about an axis different from the rotation axis of the first shaft member;
A transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the first shaft member to the second shaft member;
With
The cutting method is a cutting method in which the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece is cut while the second shaft member and the first annular tool are inserted into the workpiece.   The cutting method according to claim 21, wherein the cutting method is performed in a state where the rotation axis of the first annular tool is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the workpiece. The transmission mechanism includes a plurality of external gears meshing with each other,
The plurality of external gears are:
A drive gear that rotates integrally with the first shaft member;
A driven gear that rotates integrally with the second shaft member and to which the rotation of the drive gear is transmitted directly or indirectly;
One or more intermediate gears for transmitting the rotation of the drive gear to the driven gear;
An intermediate shaft member integrally rotatable with the intermediate gear;
With
The machine tool is provided integrally with the intermediate shaft member, has an annular cutting edge having a rake face as an outer peripheral surface, and includes a second annular tool having different specifications from the first annular tool,
The cutting method performs rough machining of the workpiece using one of the first annular tool and the second annular tool, and uses one of the first annular tool and the second annular tool. The cutting method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the workpiece is finished.

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