JP5812196B2 - Turning machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a turning machine used for skiving.

  Skiving is suitable for mass production of cylindrical workpieces because a relatively good surface roughness can be obtained compared to conventional machining methods. Skiving is a machining method in which a workpiece is cut by sending a cutting tool in the tangential direction of the workpiece when the workpiece is cut using a cutting tool (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 3984052

  In skiving, the contact length of the cutting tool with the workpiece is longer than that in the case of single point cutting, so the back force is larger than that of single point cutting. Therefore, chattering tends to generate chatter vibration during machining. And if chatter vibration arises, a trace will remain on the workpiece of a workpiece, and as a result, a finishing surface will worsen.

  An object of the present invention is to suppress chatter vibration in skiving processing.

  Hereinafter, a plurality of modes will be described as means for solving the problems. These aspects can be arbitrarily combined as necessary.

A turning machine according to an aspect of the present invention is used for skiving, and includes a cutting tool and a vibration generating unit. The vibration generating unit imparts vibration to the cutting tool in the same direction as the cutting direction.
In this machine, when the cutting tool is fed in the feeding direction to cut a workpiece, the vibration generating unit imparts vibration to the cutting tool in the same direction as the cutting direction. Thereby, cutting force becomes small. And since cutting force becomes small, the time fluctuation of a workpiece reduces, As a result, generation | occurrence | production of chatter vibration is suppressed. In other words, the fact that the cutting tool vibrates in the same direction as the cutting direction has the same effect as the relative relationship between the workpiece and the cutting tool is shifted, that is, the rotational speed of the spindle is fluctuating. Bring.

The turning machine may further include a turret, a support member, and a drive device. In this case, the support member supports the cutting tool via the vibration generating unit. The drive device is a device that is mounted on the turret and drives the support member in the cutting direction with respect to the turret.
The support member has a main body on which the cutting tool is fixed on the lower surface, a rack provided on the upper surface of the main body and extending in the cutting direction, and a guided portion provided on the main body. You may have the guide part which slidably engages the to-be-guided part of a member, and the pinion which transmits the drive force of a drive device to a rack while engaging with a rack.

The turning machine may further include a turret and a driving device. In that case, the drive device is a device for driving the turret in the cutting direction.
The vibration generating unit may be an ultrasonic signal generating member that transmits ultrasonic vibration in the cutting direction to the cutting tool.

  In the turning machine according to the present invention, chatter vibration is suppressed in skiving.

It is a fracture side view of a machine tool concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of a machine tool. Perspective view of Y-axis feed base Perspective view of feed member VV sectional drawing of FIG. VI-VI sectional drawing of FIG. VII-VII sectional drawing of FIG. VIII-VIII sectional drawing of FIG. The side view of a Y-axis feed stand. The bottom view of a cutting tool. The cross-sectional view of a cutting tool. The fracture | rupture side view of a machine tool (2nd Embodiment). The perspective view of a turret (2nd Embodiment).

(1) Machine tool The machine tool 1 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIG.1 and FIG.2.
The machine tool 1 is a lathe suitable for processing a long workpiece. The machine tool 1 includes a machine tool main body 3, a work loading / unloading device 5 for loading and unloading the work W into the machine tool main body 3, a control panel 7 installed on the back of the machine tool main body 3, and an operation installed on the front. A board 9 is provided. The workpiece loading / unloading device 5 includes a loading-side workpiece mounting table device 5 </ b> A and a loading-side workpiece mounting table device 5 </ b> B that are provided in the front portion of the machine tool body 3 so as to be arranged vertically.

  The machine tool main body 3 includes a bed 11, a headstock 13, a tailstock 15, and a pair of upper and lower turrets 17A and 17B. The headstock 13 is disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction, which is the left-right direction of the bed 11. The tailstock 15 is disposed to face the headstock 13 in the left-right direction. The turrets 17A and 17B are arranged above and below the headstock 13 and the tailstock 15, respectively.

  A horizontal spindle 21 extending in the left-right direction is rotatably supported on the spindle stock 13. A spindle chuck 23 that can grip one end of the workpiece W is provided at the end of the spindle 21 that faces the tailstock 15. The rotation of the main shaft motor 25 is transmitted to the main shaft 21 via the belt transmission mechanism 27, whereby the main shaft 21 rotates.

  The tailstock 15 has a tailstock shaft 29 that protrudes toward the main shaft 21 and has a tip conically sharpened. The tailstock 15 is supported by a left and right guide 31 provided on the bed 11 so as to be movable left and right, and can be advanced and retracted with respect to the main shaft 21 by an advance / retreat mechanism (not shown).

Both the turrets 17A and 17B are members that can turn around the turning axis O2 parallel to the main axis O1 with respect to the respective turret supports 33. A plurality of tools such as cutting tools and rotary tools for cutting the workpiece W can be attached to the peripheral surfaces of the turrets 17A and 17B.
A turret turning mechanism (not shown) for turning the turrets 17 A and 17 B is built in the turret support 33.

  The turrets 17A and 17B and the turret support 33 can be linearly moved by the turret moving mechanism 35 in the direction of the main spindle axis O1 (Z-axis direction) and in the direction orthogonal to the main spindle axis O1 (X-axis direction). . The turret moving mechanism 35 supports a left / right feed base 39 movably in the Z-axis direction along a left / right guide 37 provided on the bed 11, and a turret support 33 along a vertical guide 41 provided on the left / right feed base 39. It is supported so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. As described above, the turrets 17A and 17B are rotatably supported on the turret support 33.

(2) Y-axis feed base (first embodiment)
The Y-axis feed base will be described with reference to FIGS.
The Y-axis feed base 51 is an apparatus used for skiving processing. Skiving is a machining method in which a workpiece is cut by sending a cutting tool in the tangential direction of the workpiece when the workpiece is cut using a cutting tool. In the following description, it is assumed that the Y-axis feed base 51 is attached to the turret 17A.
The Y-axis feed base 51 is used for cutting the workpiece W. The incision setting is performed by driving the X axis.

  The Y-axis feed base 51 includes a cutting tool 53 and a drive device 55. The cutting tool 53 includes a tool holder 53a and a tip 53b fixed to the tool holder 53a. The driving device 55 is a device that is attached to the turret 17A and drives the cutting tool 53 in the Y-axis direction with respect to the turret 17A.

  The drive device 55 includes a motor 70 and a drive structure 71. The motor 70 is mounted on the turret support 33 that supports the turret 17A. The motor 70 is disposed on the turret support 33 on the side opposite to the turret 17A. The drive structure 71 is a structure that is attached to the turret support 33 and drives the cutting tool 53. The drive structure 71 includes a worm gear 72, a first shaft 73, a second shaft 74, a bevel gear set 75, a third shaft 76, and a rack and pinion mechanism 77.

The motor 70 has a motor shaft 70a extending in the Y-axis direction. The worm gear 72 is fixed to the first end of the first shaft 73 and is connected to the motor shaft 70a. The worm gear 72 decelerates. The first shaft 73 is a slide feed drive shaft and extends in the turret support 33 in the Z-axis direction. The second end of the first shaft 73 extends to the vicinity of the center portion of the turret 17A. The second shaft 74 is disposed near the second end of the first shaft 73 and extends in the X-axis direction. The second shaft 74 is rotatably supported by the turret 17A. The second shaft 74 is connected to the first shaft 73 by a bevel gear set 75. The bevel gear set 75 includes a first bevel gear 81 and a second bevel gear 82. The third shaft 76 is fixed concentrically with the second shaft 74 and extends in the Y-axis direction. The third shaft 76 is rotatably supported by the turret support 33. A rack and pinion mechanism 77 (described later) is provided at one end of the third shaft 76.

  The drive structure 71 further includes a support member 69 that supports the cutting tool 53 and receives a force from the rack and pinion mechanism 77, and a guide structure 85 that guides the support member 69 in the Y-axis direction.

As shown in FIG. 4, the support member 69 includes a main body 69a, a rack 69b, and a guided portion 69c. The main body 69a is a block-like member that extends long in the Y-axis direction. A cutting tool 53 is fixed to the lower surface of the main body 69a. The rack 69b is provided on the upper surface of the main body 69a and extends in the Y-axis direction. The guided portion 69c has a dovetail shape that engages with a guide structure 85 to be described later. The support member 69 is supported by the guide structure 85 so as not to move in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
More specifically, the cutting tool 53 is fixed to the lower surface of the ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 provided in the main body 69a.
The ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 is a member that transmits ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool 53 in the Y-axis direction. The ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 is attached to the lower part of the main body 69 a of the support member 69. The ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 is a piezoelectric element, and is a block-shaped member extending in the Y-axis direction.
The cutting member 53 and the support member 69 constitute a feed member 52.

The guide structure 85 includes a fixing member 86 that sandwiches the support member 69 with a part of the turret 17 </ b> A, and an elastic member (not shown) that biases the fixing member 86 against the support member 69. . More specifically, the guide structure 85 is a dovetail guide, and the guided portion 69c is slidably engaged in the dovetail groove formed by the groove of the turret 17A and the fixing member 86 . The elastic member (not shown) is, for example, a disc spring, and applies a preload to the fixing member 86. Thereby, there is no gap between the members when the support member 69 slides.

  The rack and pinion mechanism 77 includes a pinion 83 fixed to one end of the third shaft 76 and the rack 69b described above. When the pinion 83, that is, the third shaft 76 rotates, the rack 69b, that is, the support member 69 and the cutting tool 53 move in the Y-axis direction.

  In this embodiment, since the first shaft 73 that is the drive shaft is installed so as to extend in the Z-axis direction in the turret support 33, the motor 70 can be installed on the side opposite to the turret 17A (the turret rear side). Therefore, the other part of the drive structure 71 and the feed member 52 can be arranged at one station of the turret 17A. As a result, the tool 88 can be attached to the adjacent station as shown in FIGS.

As a modification of the first embodiment, a low-speed, high-torque servomotor is arranged in the portion A of FIGS. 6 and 7 (that is, the central opening portion of the turret 17A) to directly drive the pinion shaft. It may be.
In this machine, when the cutting tool 53 is fed in the feed direction by the Y-axis feed base 51 to cut the workpiece, the ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 vibrates the ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the Y-axis direction. To grant. Thereby, cutting force becomes small. And the time fluctuation of the workpiece | work W reduces by cutting force becoming small, As a result, generation | occurrence | production of chatter vibration is suppressed. In other words, the fact that the cutting tool 53 vibrates in the same direction as the Y-axis direction means that the relative relationship between the workpiece W and the cutting tool 53 is deviated, that is, the rotational speed of the spindle is fluctuating. Has the same effect.

(3) Second Embodiment In the first embodiment, a small Y-axis feed base mounted on the turret is used as the Y-axis feed mechanism. However, in the second embodiment described below, the Y-axis feed mechanism is a Y-axis feed base 97 that moves the turret and the turret support to the Y-axis.

The overall configuration of the machine tool 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
The machine tool 1 is a lathe suitable for processing a long workpiece. The machine tool 1 includes a machine tool main body 3, a work loading / unloading device 5 for loading and unloading the work W into the machine tool main body 3, a control panel 7 installed on the back of the machine tool main body 3, and an operation installed on the front. A board 9 is provided. The workpiece loading / unloading device 5 includes a loading-side workpiece mounting table device 5 </ b> A and a loading-side workpiece mounting table device 5 </ b> B that are provided in the front portion of the machine tool body 3 so as to be arranged vertically.

  The machine tool main body 3 includes a bed 11, a headstock 13, a tailstock 15, and a pair of upper and lower turrets 17A and 17B. The headstock 13 is disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction, which is the left-right direction of the bed 11. The tailstock 15 is disposed to face the headstock 13 in the left-right direction. The turrets 17A and 17B are arranged above and below the headstock 13 and the tailstock 15, respectively.

  A horizontal spindle 21 extending in the left-right direction is rotatably supported on the spindle stock 13. A spindle chuck 23 that can grip one end of the workpiece W is provided at the end of the spindle 21 that faces the tailstock 15. The rotation of the main shaft motor 25 is transmitted to the main shaft 21 via the belt transmission mechanism 27, whereby the main shaft 21 rotates.

  The tailstock 15 has a tailstock shaft (see FIG. 2) that protrudes toward the main shaft 21 and that has a sharp tip at the tip. The tailstock 15 is supported by a left and right guide 31 provided on the bed 11 so as to be movable left and right, and can be advanced and retracted with respect to the main shaft 21 by an advance / retreat mechanism (not shown).

Both the turrets 17A and 17B are members that can turn around the turning axis O2 parallel to the main axis O1 with respect to the respective turret supports 33. A plurality of tools such as cutting tools and rotary tools for cutting the workpiece W can be attached to the peripheral surfaces of the turrets 17A and 17B.
A turret turning mechanism (not shown) for turning the turrets 17 A and 17 B is built in the turret support 33.

The turrets 17A and 17B and the turret support 33 can be linearly moved by the turret moving mechanism 35 in the direction of the main spindle axis O1 (Z-axis direction) and in the direction orthogonal to the main spindle axis O1 (X-axis direction). . The turret moving mechanism 35 supports a left / right feed base 39 movably in the Z-axis direction along a left / right guide 37 provided on the bed 11, and a turret support 33 along a vertical guide 41 provided on the left / right feed base 39. It is supported so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. As described above, the turrets 17A and 17B are rotatably supported on the turret support 33.
The turret moving mechanism 35 further includes the Y-axis feed base 97 described above. The Y-axis feed base 97 is provided on the turret support 33, and can move the turrets 17A and 17B and the turret turning mechanism (not shown) in the Y-axis direction.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the cutting tool 53 is fixed to the lower surface of the ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 in the same manner as in the above embodiment.

  The ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 is a member that transmits ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool 53 in the Y-axis direction. The ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 is attached to the lower part of the support member 69. The ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 is a piezoelectric element, and is a block-shaped member extending in the Y-axis direction.

  In this machine, when the cutting tool 53 is fed in the feed direction by the Y-axis feed base 97 to cut the workpiece, the ultrasonic vibration generating member 91 vibrates the ultrasonic vibration that vibrates in the Y-axis direction. To grant. Thereby, cutting force becomes small. And the time fluctuation of the workpiece | work W reduces by cutting force becoming small, As a result, generation | occurrence | production of chatter vibration is suppressed. In other words, the fact that the cutting tool 53 vibrates in the same direction as the Y-axis direction means that the relative relationship between the workpiece W and the cutting tool 53 is deviated, that is, the rotational speed of the spindle is fluctuating. Has the same effect.

(4) Other Embodiments Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, a plurality of embodiments and modifications described in this specification can be arbitrarily combined as necessary.

(A) In the above embodiment, the cutting tool is linearly moved in the Y-axis direction in order to realize the Y-axis skiving. As another embodiment, the Y-axis skiving process may be realized by rotating a cutting tool around an axis extending in the Z-axis direction.
(B) The type and specific structure of the machine tool are not limited to the above embodiment.

  The present invention can be widely applied to a turning machine used for skiving.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 3 Machine tool main body 5 Work carrying in / out apparatus 5A Loading side work mounting base apparatus 5B Unloading side work mounting base apparatus 7 Control panel 9 Operation panel 11 Bed 13 Spindle base 15 Tailstock 17A Turret 17B Turret 21 Spindle 23 Spindle chuck 25 Spindle motor 27 Belt drive mechanism 29 Tail shaft 31 Left and right guide 33 Turret support 35 Turret moving mechanism 37 Left and right guide 39 Left and right feed base 41 Vertical guide 51 Y-axis feed base 53 Cutting tool 53a Tool holder 53b Tip 55 Drive device 57 Motor 59 drive structure 69 support member 69a main body 69b rack 69c guided portion 70 motor 70a motor shaft 71 drive structure 72 worm gear 73 first shaft 74 second shaft 75 bevel gear set 76 third shaft 77 rack pinion mechanism 81 first bevel gear 82 second Be Lugia 85 guide structure 86 fixing member 91 ultrasonic vibration generating member 93 parallel springs 97 Y-axis feed bar

Claims (2)

A turning machine used for skiving,
Cutting tools,
A vibration generating unit that imparts vibration to the cutting tool in the same direction as the cutting direction;
A turret,
A support member for supporting the cutting tool via the vibration generating unit;
A drive device mounted on the turret for driving the support member in the cutting direction with respect to the turret;
Turning machine equipped with. The support member is
A main body to which the cutting tool is fixed to the lower surface;
A rack provided on an upper surface of the main body and extending in the cutting direction;
Anda guided portion provided in the main body,
The driving device includes:
A guide portion that slidably engages the guided portion of the support member;
A pinion that engages with the rack and transmits a driving force of the driving device to the rack;
The turning machine according to claim 1 , comprising:

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