JP2019151580A - Anti-obesity agent and food composition for prevention or treatment of obesity - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a safe anti-obesity agent that can be taken daily, has no risk of side effect, and can be expected to have an excellent effect.SOLUTION: The problem is solved by an anti-obesity agent containing a ground product or extract of basil or coriander. The anti-obesity agent can be used to prevent or treat obesity.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent and a food composition for preventing or treating obesity. According to the anti-obesity agent of the present invention, obesity can be prevented or treated.

According to a World Health Organization report, at least 1 billion adults are overweight, of which 300 million are obese. Furthermore, these numbers are expected to rise further in the absence of medical intervention. Obesity is caused by lifestyle habits such as satiety and lack of exercise, occurs due to an increase in body fat, and causes metabolic syndrome and lifestyle-related diseases. Obesity is a cause of metabolic diseases and is also associated with coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cancer, respiratory complications, osteoarthritis, and the like.
At present, as a method for treating obesity, basically, dietary therapy and exercise therapy are generally combined. On the other hand, research on treatment with drugs has also been conducted, and anti-obesity drugs such as reductil (sibutramine hydrochloride) or xenical (xenical) have been developed, but side effects have also been reported and are approved for manufacture in Japan. Not. In addition, it has been reported that an extract component of a herb, an extract of a cucurbitaceae plant (Patent Document 1), or an extract component of a herring herb (Patent Document 2) has an anti-obesity effect. Was not enough. Therefore, development of a safe and effective anti-obesity agent is desired.

Special table 2007-513150 gazette JP 2009-536223 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a safe anti-obesity agent that can be taken on a daily basis, is free from side effects, and can be expected to have excellent effects.

As a result of diligent research on safe and highly effective anti-obesity drugs, the present inventor has surprisingly found that basil or coriander (Pakuchi) contains a component having an anti-obesity effect.
The present invention is based on these findings.
Therefore, the present invention
[1] An anti-obesity agent containing a ground or extract of basil or coriander,
[2] The antiobesity agent according to [1], wherein the pulverized product is a pulverized product of leaves, and the extract is a leaf extract,
[3] The antiobesity agent according to [1] or [2], wherein the extract is an alcohol extract, and the antiobesity agent according to any one of [4] [1] to [3] and a food or drink A food composition for preventing or treating obesity, comprising:
About.

  According to the anti-obesity agent of the present invention, obesity can be prevented or treated. In addition, the food composition for preventing or treating obesity of the present invention can prevent or treat obesity by eating it.

It is a graph which shows the result of having administered coriander (pachy) powder to a KKAy mouse | mouth, and measuring the change (a) of the liver weight, and the expression (b) of CPT1 (alpha) mRNA. It is a graph which shows the result of administering a basil powder to a KKAy mouse | mouth, and measuring the change (a) of the liver weight, and the expression (b) of mRNA of SREPB1c. It is the graph which examined the change of the expression level of mRNA of CPT1 (alpha) in a mouse | mouth liver cell Hepa-1 cell using the ethanol extract of coriander (pachy). The expression level of IL-6 (A) or IL-1β gene (B) expressed by mouse fat precursor cells (3T3-L1 cells) acting on RAW264.7 cells is suppressed by coriander (pacchi) or basil. It is the graph which showed that. It is the graph which examined the effect | action of the Pakuchi extract and the basil extract with respect to the mRNA expression level of 4-1BB of a mouse | mouth fat precursor cell (3T3-L1 cell).

[1] Anti-obesity agent The anti-obesity agent of the present invention contains a ground or extract of basil or coriander.

"basil"
The site of basil (Ocimum basilicum) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples include whole plants, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, or seeds, or a mixture of at least two of them. Preferably leaves or stems. Basil is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Mebouki, and its Japanese name is called Mebouki. The basil varieties used in the present invention are not particularly limited, and sweet basil, genovese basil, lemon basil, holy basil, cinnamon basil, tai basil, mammoth basil, tai lemon basil, lime basil, licorice basil, or African blue Basil is mentioned.
The basil may be used as it is when pulverizing operation or extraction operation is performed, or dried (for example, freeze-dried). When extracting, it is preferable to process into the state of a crushed material or powder so that extraction efficiency may improve.

"coriander"
The use site of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples include whole plants, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, or a mixture of at least two of them. Preferably leaves, stems or roots. Coriander may be used as it is when pulverizing operation or extraction operation is performed, or dried (for example, freeze-dried) may be used. When extracting, it is preferable to process into the state of a crushed material or powder so that extraction efficiency may improve. Coriander is also called Pakchi in Thai, and the leaves that are eaten live are sometimes called Pakchi.

<Crushed product>
The basil or coriander pulverized product in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the basil or coriander is pulverized, and examples thereof include powdered, granular, or paste pulverized products. Preferably, it is a powder. Moreover, what shape | molded or granulated the powder in the shape of a cube, a block shape, or a granule, for example can be used preferably. The treatment for processing into a pulverized product is not particularly limited. For example, the plant can be planted by any method usually used by those skilled in the art using a crushing device such as a crusher, a mill, a blender, a mixer, and a stone mill. The process which grind | pulverizes a body is mentioned. The plant body may be dried before pulverization. Examples of the drying treatment method include freeze-drying, reduced-pressure drying, blow drying, and heat drying.

  When the basil or coriander contained in the anti-obesity agent of the present invention is a pulverized product, it is not limited. For example, the average longest diameter of the pulverized product is 0.01 to 2 mm, preferably 0.01 to One having a thickness of 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.01 to 1 mm, still more preferably 0.01 to 0.75 mm, and most preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mm can be used. Further, 90% by weight or more of the pulverized product is 0.01 to 2 mm, preferably 0.01 to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.01 to 1 mm, still more preferably 0.01 to 0.75 mm, most preferably. Can have a longest diameter of 0.01 to 0.5 mm. In addition, 90% by weight or more of the pulverized material is 8.6 mesh (2 mm), 10 mesh (1.7 mm), 16 mesh (1 mm), or 30 mesh (0.5 mm) in the JIS test sieve mesh conversion table. Anything that passes can be used. When the longest diameter of the pulverized product is 2 mm or less, the anti-obesity effect of the present invention is improved. Therefore, it is preferable to use a pulverized product having a longest diameter of 2 mm or less. The average longest diameter of the pulverized product can be measured using a known device for measuring the particle size. It is also possible to arbitrarily select 100 from the pulverized product, measure the longest diameter thereof using a stereomicroscope, and calculate the average thereof.

<Extract>
The extract containing an active ingredient can be extracted by a normal extraction method used for extracting a component derived from a plant. Examples of the extraction method include, but are not limited to, a solvent extraction method, a steam distillation method, a pressing method (direct, high temperature or low temperature), or a supercritical extraction method. Moreover, although the combination of these extraction methods, for example, the method of solvent extraction after pressing, may be used, solvent extraction is preferable. The basil or coriander used for extraction may be used as it is or may be dried. Moreover, you may extract, after processing into the state of a crushed material or powder so that extraction efficiency may improve.
(Solvent extraction method)
The extraction solvent used in the solvent extraction method is not limited as long as the active ingredient can be sufficiently extracted in the extract. For example, an organic solvent, an aqueous solvent, or a mixture of an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent can be used, but an aqueous solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent is preferable, and an aqueous solvent is more preferable.

  Examples of the organic solvent include alcohol, acetone, benzene, ester, ethyl acetate, hexane, chloroform, and diethyl ether, but alcohol is preferable. The alcohol is not limited as long as the active ingredient can be sufficiently extracted in the extract, but for example, one of 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and butyl alcohol. Examples thereof include polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as monohydric alcohol, 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and glycerin.

  The aqueous solvent is not limited as long as it contains water, and for example, water, physiological saline, or a buffer solution can be used. Examples of the buffer include a phosphate buffer, a sodium phosphate buffer, a sodium carbonate buffer, a citrate buffer, a citrate phosphate buffer, an acetate buffer, and a Tris buffer. A preferred aqueous solvent is sodium phosphate buffer. The pH of the aqueous solvent is not particularly limited.

  The extract used for the anti-obesity agent of the present invention can be extracted with a mixture of an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent. The amount of the aqueous solvent contained in the extraction solvent is not limited as long as the active ingredient can be sufficiently extracted in the extract, but the content of the aqueous solvent relative to the total amount of the extraction solvent is, for example, , 50% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, or 90% by weight or more.

  When the extract is extracted by a solvent extraction method, the extraction temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the active ingredient can be sufficiently extracted in the extract, but it is −50 ° C. to 100 ° C. Is preferably -25 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably -25 ° C to 25 ° C, further preferably -10 ° C to 10 ° C, and more preferably 0 ° C to 10 ° C. Most preferred is ° C.

  Further, the extraction is preferably carried out with stirring or shaking so as to improve the extraction efficiency. The extraction time can be appropriately determined according to the part of use such as root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, or seed. In addition, the extraction time can be appropriately determined according to the state of processing when it is processed into a basil or coriander state, that is, raw or dry, or crushed or powdered. Furthermore, extraction time can be suitably determined according to extraction conditions, such as the temperature of an extract, or the presence or absence of stirring or shaking. The extraction time is usually 1 minute to 72 hours, preferably 1 hour to 48 hours, and most preferably 12 hours to 36 hours.

(Steam distillation method)
The extract of basil or coriander contained in the antiobesity agent of the present invention can be extracted by a steam distillation method. The steam distillation method is a method in which water vapor is passed through a raw material packed in a column, and an aromatic component distilled off accompanying the water vapor is condensed together with water vapor. As the distillation means, any one of pressurized steam distillation, atmospheric steam distillation, and reduced pressure steam distillation can be employed.

(Pressing method)
The squeezing method is a method for extracting an extract by physically applying pressure to basil or coriander. There are a direct pressing method performed at room temperature, a high temperature pressing method performed at a high temperature, and a low temperature pressing method performed at a low temperature. The extract contained in the anti-obesity agent of the present invention can be extracted using any pressing method.

(Supercritical extraction method)
The extract contained in the anti-obesity agent of the present invention can be extracted using a supercritical extraction method. The supercritical extraction method is a method of extracting an extract from a specific plant using a substance in a supercritical state. As the substance in the supercritical state, for example, carbon dioxide can be used. Since carbon dioxide in a supercritical state has a strong dissolving power, it is generally used for decaffeination of coffee or extraction of fragrances and pharmaceutical components from natural raw materials such as plants.

《Active ingredient》
The active ingredient contained in the anti-obesity agent of the present invention is contained in an extract extracted from basil or coriander. Therefore, basil or coriander contains an active ingredient having an anti-obesity effect, and a ground product of basil or coriander also contains an active ingredient contained in the extract. Actually, as shown in the examples, the basil or coriander pulverized product shows an effect as an anti-obesity agent. The active ingredient contained in the basil or coriander extract may be a fraction containing an active ingredient fractionated from the basil or coriander extract, or a purified active ingredient.

《Anti-obesity effect》
BMI (Body Mass Index) is often used as a criterion for determining obesity, and WHO determines that a person with a BMI of 30 or more is obese, while in Japan, a person with a BMI of 25 or more is obese. It is determined. Obesity means a state of having a health disorder related to obesity, or a state in which visceral fat is excessively accumulated to such an extent that such a health disorder is expected. is necessary.
The anti-obesity agent of the present invention is effective in preventing or suppressing obesity, and is also effective in preventing or treating obesity.
The anti-obesity action of the anti-obesity agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as obesity or obesity is suppressed, but there is no reduction in body weight, reduction in liver weight, lipolytic enzyme (eg, CPT1) Increase, adipogenic enzyme (eg, SREBP1c) decrease, or brown cell increase or differentiation induction.

  The dosage form of the anti-obesity agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples include oral agents and parenteral agents, but oral agents are preferred. Examples of the oral preparation include solid or powder preparations such as fine granules, granules, tablets, capsules, and pills, and liquid preparations such as suspensions, emulsions, syrups, and extracts. Can be mentioned. Examples of parenteral agents include injections.

  The anti-obesity agent of the present invention may be composed of a ground basil or coriander or basil or coriander extract, and may contain a basil or coriander ground or basil or coriander extract. When the anti-obesity agent of the present invention contains a basil or coriander ground product or a basil or coriander extract, it can contain other additives.

  When the antiobesity agent of the present invention is an oral agent, other additives include excipients, binders, disintegrants, emulsifiers, lubricants, fluidity promoters, diluents, preservatives, colorants, A fragrance, a flavoring agent, a stabilizer, a moisturizer, an antiseptic, an antioxidant, or a suspending agent can be mentioned, and specifically, for example, gelatin, sodium alginate, starch, corn starch, sucrose, lactose, For example, glucose, mannitol, carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, crystalline cellulose, soybean lecithin, sucrose, fatty acid ester, talc, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, magnesium silicate, anhydrous silicic acid, or synthetic aluminum silicate be able to.

  When the anti-obesity agent of the present invention is a parenteral agent, other additives include water-soluble solvents such as physiological saline or Ringer's solution, water-insoluble solvents such as vegetable oil or fatty acid esters, glucose or sodium chloride, etc. Examples include tonicity agents, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, suspending agents, or emulsifiers.

  The anti-obesity agent of the present invention may contain 90% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, or 1% by weight or more of basil or coriander ground product or extract.

  The dose or intake of the anti-obesity agent of the present invention can be appropriately adjusted according to the preparation form and the age, sex, obesity or degree of obesity of the subject to be used. Alternatively, it is preferably an amount that can prevent obesity or obesity by ingestion, or can reduce or treat obesity or obesity. Specifically, in terms of the amount of basil or coriander extract added, 0.01 to 1000 mg / kg body weight / day, preferably 0.1 to 750 mg / kg body weight / day, more preferably 1 to 500 mg / day. kg body weight / day, more preferably 5-400 mg / kg body weight / day, more preferably 10-300 mg / kg body weight / day, more preferably 15-200 mg / kg body weight / day, or most preferably 20-150 mg / kg. Can be weight / day. Of course, the above administration method is an example, and other administration methods may be used. Desirably, the administration method, dose, administration period, and administration interval of anti-obesity agents to humans are determined by controlled clinical trials.

  The anti-obesity agent of the present invention can be administered to humans, but the subject of administration may be animals other than humans, and pets such as dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, and squirrels; Domestic animals such as pigs; laboratory animals such as mice and rats; and animals bred at zoos and the like.

  The anti-obesity agent of the present invention can be a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating obesity. The pharmaceutical composition includes pharmaceuticals and quasi drugs.

<Action>
An active ingredient having an anti-obesity action is contained in the ground or extract of basil or coriander contained in the anti-obesity agent of the present invention. It is presumed that this active ingredient exhibiting anti-obesity action can suppress fatty liver due to a decrease in liver weight. Further, it is considered that obesity (obesity) can be prevented or treated by promoting the production of lipolytic enzyme and / or suppressing the production of lipogenic enzyme.

[2] Food composition for prevention or treatment of obesity The food composition for prevention or treatment of obesity according to the present invention comprises the anti-obesity agent and a food or drink.

  The food and drink includes food and beverages. As food, specifically, freshly cooked products such as salad; cooked products such as steak, pizza and hamburger; stir-fried products such as stir-fried vegetables; tomatoes, peppers, celery, bitter gourd, carrots, potatoes, and asparagus Vegetables such as these and cooked products processed from these vegetables; cookies, bread, biscuits, dry bread, cakes, rice crackers, sheep crab, pudding, jelly, ice cream, chewing gum, crackers, chips, chocolate and strawberries; udon, Noodles such as pasta and buckwheat; fish paste products such as kamaboko, ham, and fish sausage; dairy products such as cheese, cream, and butter; miso, soy sauce, dressing, ketchup, mayonnaise, soup base, noodle soup, curry powder Seasonings such as mirin, roux; soy foods such as tofu; And the like as well as konjac; agricultural processed marine products serial like.

  Examples of the beverage include coffee beverages; cocoa beverages; vegetable juices obtained from the above-mentioned vegetables; fruit juice beverages such as grapefruit juice, orange juice, grape juice, and lemon juice; tea beverages such as green tea, black tea, sencha, and oolong tea Alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine (such as red wine, white wine, or sparkling wine), sake, plum wine, happoshu, whiskey, brandy, shochu, rum, gin, and liqueurs; milk beverage; soy milk beverage; liquid food; And sports drinks.

  Food or beverage includes feed and beverages for animals. Examples of the target animal include primates such as humans, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, and mice.

  These foods or beverages may optionally contain antioxidants, flavorings, acidulants, colorants, emulsifiers, preservatives, seasonings, sweeteners, spices, pH adjusters, stabilizers, vegetable oils, animal oils, sugars and sugars. Alcohols, vitamins, organic acids, fruit juice extracts, vegetable extracts, cereals, beans, vegetables, meat, seafood and other food additives and food materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The blending amounts of these food materials and food additives can be appropriately determined within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.

  These foods or beverages are commonly used for heat sterilization such as retort and autoclave, batch sterilization, plate sterilization, electric heat sterilization, microwave heat sterilization, and steam sterilization such as injection and infusion. Sterilization can be performed.

  The foods and beverages include functional foods (beverages) and health foods (beverages). As used herein, “health food (beverage)” means a food or beverage that has some effect on health or can be expected to have an effect, and “functional food (beverage)” Among “health foods (beverages)”, designed and processed so as to be able to fully express a bioregulatory function (ie, a function of preventing obesity or obesity, or a function of alleviating or treating obesity or obesity) Means food or beverage. The functional food and health food can be in the form of granules, solids, liquids, capsules, gels, or tablets.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but these do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1
In this example, the anti-obesity effect of coriander and sweet basil was examined using KKAy mice that develop obesity to severe diabetes.
25 7-week-old KKAy male mice, control group (group C), high fat / high sucrose diet group (group H), high fat / high sucrose diet + coriander (pakti) powder intake group (HP group) , And high fat / high sucrose diet + basil powder added group (HB group). Coriander (Pacchi) and basil leaves were pulverized immediately after freeze-drying using a mixer, and 1% (w / w) was added to a high fat / high sucrose diet. The added portion was replaced with corn starch. After the breeding period, blood was collected and dissected for analysis.
In the HP group, as shown in FIG. 1 a, the liver weight was significantly increased in the H group with a high fat / high sucrose diet load as compared with the C group. On the other hand, in the HP group ingested coriander (Pacchi), a significant decrease in liver weight was seen compared to the H group. Further, the expression level of CPT1α mRNA, which is one of β-oxidation enzymes in the liver, was quantified by a real-time PCR method. CPT1α mRNA tended to be higher in the HP group than in the H group (FIG. 1b). Therefore, coriander (Pakchi) contains a component that activates fatty acid degradation, and is considered effective in suppressing obesity.

  Also in the HB group, the liver weight was significantly suppressed as shown in FIG. 2a. In addition, the expression level of SREPB1c mRNA involved in TG synthesis was quantified by a real-time PCR method. Tended to decrease in the HB group compared to the H group (FIG. 2b). Therefore, basil contains a component that reduces fat synthesis, which is considered to be effective in suppressing obesity.

Example 2
In this example, the activation of CPT1α of coriander extract was examined using cells.
Nine times the amount of ethanol was added to the lyophilized Pakuchi, followed by ethanol extraction. The extract was dissolved in DMSO after removing the solvent with an evaporator to prepare a sample for cell addition. The extract was added to mouse liver cell Hepa-1 cell medium at 5 μg / mL or 25 μg / mL, cultured for 6 hours, further replaced with serum-free medium, and cultured for 8 hours. Cells were collected and CPT1α mRNA was quantified by real-time PCR. The mRNA expression level of CPT1α was significantly increased by adding 25 μg / mL of coriander ethanol extract compared to the control (FIG. 3). Therefore, it was considered that coriander (Pacchi) contains a component that significantly promotes fatty acid degradation in the liver.

Example 3
In the present Example, the effect | action with respect to a mouse | mouth fat precursor cell (3T3-L1 cell) of the extract of coriander (pachy) and a basil was examined. Specifically, 3T3-L1 cells and mouse macrophage cells (RAW264.7 cells) are co-cultured, and coriander (basi) and basil against inflammatory conditions caused by 3T3-L1 cells acting on RAW264.7 cells. The action of the extract was examined.
Pachychi and basil were each lyophilized, powdered, and extracted with 80% methanol. After extraction, the solvent was removed with an evaporator and redissolved with DMSO to 5 mg / mL or 25 mg / mL. 3T3-L1 cells, which are mouse fat precursor cells, were cultured in DMEM + 10% FBS medium. When the cells reached confluence, they were subcultured and induced for 10 days with drugs (1 μg / mL insulin, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 0.25 μM dexamethasone (DEX)). . Then, Pakuchi or basil extract (final concentrations 5 μg / mL, 25 μg / mL) was added and cultured for 24 hours. After 24 hours, RAW264.7 cells were added and co-cultured for 12 hours. After cell collection, the expression level of IL-6 or IL-1β gene was measured using real-time PCR. The results are shown in FIG.

By co-culturing 3T3-L1 cells and RAW264.7 cells, mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-1β, which are inflammatory cytokines, were significantly increased compared to controls. That is, inflammation was induced in RAW264.7 cells by co-culture.
By adding Pakuchi or basil extract in advance to 3T3-L1 cells and culturing, mRNA of IL-6 was significantly reduced at 25 Pg / mL. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β mRNA was significantly reduced at 5 and 25 μg / mL of basil.
From the above results, it was shown that Pakuchi and basil extract have an anti-inflammatory effect on adipocytes.

Example 4
Adipocytes have 4-1BB, which is a member of the TNF receptor family, and are reported to induce inflammation by binding to 4-1BBL, a membrane-bound ligand of macrophages. In this example, the effect of the pakti extract and basil extract on the expression level of 4-1BB mRNA in mouse adipose precursor cells (3T3-L1 cells) was examined. Similarly, the Pakuchi extract and basil extract obtained in Example 3 were added to a final concentration of 5 μg / mL or 25 μg / mL, and cultured for 24 hours. Thereafter, RAW264.7 cells were cultured and co-cultured for 12 hours. After cell recovery, the expression level of the 4-1BB gene was measured using real-time PCR. The results are shown in FIG.
The expression level of 4-1BB mRNA was significantly reduced by the basil extract. From the above results, it was considered that the basil extract contains a substance capable of suppressing transcription of 4-1BB, which is a member of the TNF receptor family.

  The anti-obesity agent and food composition of the present invention can be used for prevention or treatment of obesity or obesity.

Claims (4)

  An anti-obesity agent comprising a ground or extract of basil or coriander.   The antiobesity agent according to claim 1, wherein the pulverized product is a pulverized product of leaves, and the extract is a leaf extract.   The antiobesity agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the extract is an alcohol extract.   A food composition for preventing or treating obesity comprising the anti-obesity agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a food or drink.