JP2019148406A - Method of burning biomass fuel - Google Patents
Method of burning biomass fuel Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019148406A JP2019148406A JP2018035187A JP2018035187A JP2019148406A JP 2019148406 A JP2019148406 A JP 2019148406A JP 2018035187 A JP2018035187 A JP 2018035187A JP 2018035187 A JP2018035187 A JP 2018035187A JP 2019148406 A JP2019148406 A JP 2019148406A
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- biomass fuel
- clinker
- compound catalyst
- iron compound
- burning
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
Description
本発明は、竹、木、草等のバイオマス燃料の燃焼方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for burning biomass fuel such as bamboo, wood, grass and the like.
近年、地球温暖化対策として、化石燃料使用量の削減（二酸化炭素放出量の削減）が世界的な課題となっている。その化石燃料代替のエネルギー源の一つとして、カーボンニュートラルな燃料であるバイオマス燃料が注目されている。 In recent years, reduction of fossil fuel consumption (reduction of carbon dioxide emission) has become a global issue as a countermeasure against global warming. As one of alternative energy sources for fossil fuels, biomass fuel, which is carbon neutral fuel, has attracted attention.
バイオマス燃料には竹、木、草等から製造されるものが多くあり、チップ状、ペレット状等、その種類は多岐に亘る。 Many biomass fuels are manufactured from bamboo, wood, grass, and the like, and there are a wide variety of types such as chips and pellets.
バイオマス燃料をボイラ等で焼却した場合、硬いクリンカが生成することが一般に知られている。これはバイオマス中に存在するカリウム成分によるものとされている。 It is generally known that a hard clinker is produced when biomass fuel is incinerated with a boiler or the like. This is attributed to the potassium component present in the biomass.
クリンカが硬くなると、炉壁に強固に付着し大きな塊状になり、自重に耐えられず炉底へ落下すると炉を傷める可能性がある。また、定期修繕の際、固着したクリンカの除去に時間を要し、再稼動が遅れ経済的な不利益を被るなどの不都合がある。 When the clinker becomes hard, it adheres firmly to the furnace wall and forms a large lump, and if it falls into the furnace bottom without being able to withstand its own weight, the furnace may be damaged. In addition, it takes time to remove the fixed clinker during regular repairs, resulting in inconveniences such as a delay in restart and an economic disadvantage.
そこで、バイオマス燃料を燃焼させてもクリンカの生成を抑制する又はクリンカが硬くならないことが一般的に求められている。 Therefore, it is generally required that the production of clinker is suppressed or the clinker does not become hard even when biomass fuel is burned.
従来、木質系バイオマスを燃焼させる際、あらかじめカリウム分を低減することが提案されている（特許文献１及び２）。 Conventionally, it has been proposed to reduce potassium content in advance when burning woody biomass (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
しかしながら、前記特許文献１又は２に記載の技術では、カリウム分を低減する工程が必要であり手間が掛かるものであった。 However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 or 2 requires a step of reducing the potassium content, which is troublesome.
そこで、本発明は、カリウム分を含むバイオマス燃料を簡便な方法で焼却する方法を提供することを目的とする。 Then, an object of this invention is to provide the method of incinerating the biomass fuel containing a potassium content by a simple method.
前記技術的課題は、次の通りの本発明によって達成できる。 The technical problem can be achieved by the present invention as follows.
すなわち、本発明は、竹、木、草等のバイオマス燃料を用いるボイラの燃焼方法において、事前に０．１〜５．０ｗｔ％の鉄化合物触媒をバイオマス燃料に混合する、又はボイラ内に気流搬送式で燃焼室に噴霧添加することで、鉄系化合物触媒とバイオマス燃料を共存させながら燃焼することを特徴とするバイオマス燃料の燃焼方法である。 That is, the present invention is a method for burning a boiler using biomass fuel such as bamboo, wood, grass, etc., in which 0.1 to 5.0 wt% of an iron compound catalyst is mixed with biomass fuel in advance, or air flow is conveyed into the boiler. It is a combustion method of biomass fuel characterized by combusting by adding an iron type compound catalyst and biomass fuel by spraying and adding to a combustion chamber by a type.
本発明に係るバイオマス燃料の燃焼方法は、鉄系化合物触媒とバイオマス燃料を共存させて焼成することで、灰の硬化（灰の融点温度低下）の原因といわれているアルカリ金属と鉄系化合物触媒が結合し、アルカリ金属の灰への溶出を抑制することで、灰の硬化、及び灰の壁面への付着を抑えることができる。 The combustion method of biomass fuel according to the present invention is an alkali metal and iron compound catalyst which is said to cause hardening of ash (decrease in melting temperature of ash) by coexisting and firing an iron compound catalyst and biomass fuel. , And the dissolution of the alkali metal into the ash can be suppressed, so that the hardening of the ash and the adhesion of the ash to the wall surface can be suppressed.
本発明に係るバイオマス燃料の燃焼方法について述べる。 The biomass fuel combustion method according to the present invention will be described.
本発明におけるバイオマス燃料は、竹、木、草等である。あらかじめ、粉砕、乾燥、成型などのいずれかの処理または全ての処理を行ってもよい。また、バイオマス燃料は大きさを１ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍ程度に粉砕しておくことが好ましい。また、バイオマス燃料はカリウムを１０〜７０ｗｔ％含有するものである。なお、カリウム含有量は、対象となる竹を蛍光Ｘ線で分析し、炭素を除いた元素の合計量に対する割合で示した。 The biomass fuel in the present invention is bamboo, wood, grass or the like. Any or all of the processes such as pulverization, drying and molding may be performed in advance. The biomass fuel is preferably pulverized to a size of about 1 mm to 10 mm. The biomass fuel contains 10 to 70 wt% of potassium. In addition, potassium content analyzed the target bamboo with the fluorescent X ray, and showed it with the ratio with respect to the total amount of the element except carbon.
本発明における鉄化合物触媒は、ゲータイト、アカゲナイト、レピドクロサイト等の含水酸化鉄粒子粉末、ヘマタイト、マグヘマイト、マグネタイト等の酸化鉄粒子粉末の１種又は２種以上からなる。好ましくはゲータイトである。 The iron compound catalyst in the present invention is composed of one or more of iron oxide particle powders such as hydrous iron oxide particle powders such as goethite, akagenite and lepidocrotite, and hematite, maghemite and magnetite. Goethite is preferable.
本発明における鉄化合物触媒は、平均粒径が０．０１〜２．０μｍが好ましく、より好ましくは０．０２〜１．０μｍである。平均粒径が０．０１μｍ未満の場合には、ボイラ内で急激に焼結が生じ、かえって粒径が大きくなるためバイオマス燃料と効率よい接触が難しくなる。２．０μｍを越える場合においても、バイオマス燃料との効率よく接触することが難しくなるため上記の粒径が望ましい。 The iron compound catalyst in the present invention preferably has an average particle size of 0.01 to 2.0 μm, more preferably 0.02 to 1.0 μm. When the average particle size is less than 0.01 μm, sintering occurs rapidly in the boiler, and on the contrary, the particle size becomes large, so that efficient contact with the biomass fuel becomes difficult. Even in the case of exceeding 2.0 μm, it is difficult to make efficient contact with the biomass fuel, so the above particle size is desirable.
本発明における鉄化合物触媒の粒子形状は、粒状、球状、紡錘状、針状等のいずれであってもよい。 The particle shape of the iron compound catalyst in the present invention may be any of a granular shape, a spherical shape, a spindle shape, a needle shape, and the like.
本発明における焼却炉の対象は、機械化バッチ炉、准連続炉等の間欠運転型及び連続運転型のごみ焼却施設であり、特に制限されない。 The target of the incinerator in the present invention is an intermittent operation type and continuous operation type waste incineration facility such as a mechanized batch furnace or a quasi-continuous furnace, and is not particularly limited.
本発明における鉄化合物触媒は、焼却炉においてバイオマス燃料と接触できればよく、あらかじめバイオマスと混合したものを焼却炉に投入するか、焼却炉にバイオマスと鉄化合物触媒を同時又は別々に投入するか、焼却炉の燃焼室に鉄化合物触媒を投入するか、いずれの方法でも良い。 The iron compound catalyst in the present invention may be in contact with the biomass fuel in the incinerator, and the premixed biomass is put into the incinerator, or the biomass and the iron compound catalyst are put into the incinerator simultaneously or separately, or incinerated. Either method may be used, in which an iron compound catalyst is introduced into the combustion chamber of the furnace.
本発明における鉄化合物触媒の添加量は、バイオマス燃料に対して、０．０５〜５．０重量％であり、好ましくは０．２〜５．０重量％、より好ましくは０．４〜５．０重量％である。０．０５重量％未満の場合には、十分なアルカリ金属溶出の抑制効果を得ることができない。また、５重量％を超える場合には、鉄化合物触媒過剰となってしまい後段の集塵機等に過負荷を与えたり、煤塵量が増えてしまうため好ましくない。 The addition amount of the iron compound catalyst in the present invention is 0.05 to 5.0 wt%, preferably 0.2 to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 0.4 to 5. wt% with respect to biomass fuel. 0% by weight. When the amount is less than 0.05% by weight, a sufficient effect of suppressing alkali metal elution cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 5% by weight, the iron compound catalyst becomes excessive, which is not preferable because an overload is applied to a subsequent dust collector or the like, and the amount of dust increases.
焼却炉の燃焼温度は特に限定されるものではないが、５００〜１２００℃が好ましい。５００℃以下の場合は十分なアルカリ金属溶出の抑制効果を得ることが出来ない。１２００℃を超える場合は、炉への負荷が大きくなり、経済的ではない。 Although the combustion temperature of an incinerator is not specifically limited, 500-1200 degreeC is preferable. When the temperature is 500 ° C. or lower, a sufficient suppression effect of alkali metal elution cannot be obtained. When it exceeds 1200 degreeC, the load to a furnace becomes large and is not economical.
焼却後のクリンカは、一般的にセメント原料への利用など再生資源として利用できるが、鉄系化合物を用いた場合でも変わらず利用できる。 The clinker after incineration can generally be used as a recyclable resource, such as for use as a cement raw material, but it can be used without change even when an iron-based compound is used.
＜作用＞
本発明では、バイオマス燃料を焼却する際、鉄化合物触媒を共存させることでクリンカの生成が抑制され、しかも、生成したクリンカが柔らかく、扱いやすいものである。このようにクリンカを柔らかくできる現象は未だ明らかにできていないが、鉄化合物触媒がバイオマス燃料に含まれるアルカリ金属と化学的に結合することでアルカリ金属の溶出を抑制し、それにより灰が高融点になることで灰の融解が抑えられ、灰の硬化を防ぐ効果をもたらすと推察している。
<Action>
In the present invention, when biomass fuel is incinerated, the production of clinker is suppressed by coexisting an iron compound catalyst, and the produced clinker is soft and easy to handle. Although the phenomenon that can soften the clinker in this way has not been clarified yet, the iron compound catalyst chemically binds to the alkali metal contained in the biomass fuel, thereby suppressing the elution of the alkali metal, and thereby the ash has a high melting point. As a result, it is speculated that the melting of the ash is suppressed and the effect of preventing the hardening of the ash is brought about.
以下に、本発明における実施例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明する。 Examples of the present invention are shown below, and the present invention will be specifically described.
実施例１
バイオマス燃料（竹）１５ｇに鉄化合物触媒（ゲーサイト）を０．０１５ｇ添加混合し、その化合物を磁性ルツボに入れ、雰囲気焼成炉を用いた１０５０℃で１時間熱処理を行った。その添加割合は０．１重量％であった。その後、磁性ルツボを室温まで冷却し、超音波発信機を用いて磁性ルツボに付着したクリンカを取り除き、生成したクリンカの付着率と平均圧壊強度を評価した。
使用したバイオマス燃料（竹）はカリウムを５４ｗｔ％含有するものを使用した。なお、カリウム含有量は、対象となる竹を蛍光Ｘ線で分析し、炭素を除いた元素の合計量に対する割合で示した。
Example 1
0.015 g of an iron compound catalyst (goethite) was added to and mixed with 15 g of biomass fuel (bamboo), the compound was placed in a magnetic crucible, and heat-treated at 1050 ° C. for 1 hour using an atmosphere firing furnace. The addition ratio was 0.1% by weight. Thereafter, the magnetic crucible was cooled to room temperature, the clinker adhering to the magnetic crucible was removed using an ultrasonic transmitter, and the adhesion rate and average crushing strength of the produced clinker were evaluated.
The biomass fuel (bamboo) used was one containing 54 wt% potassium. In addition, potassium content analyzed the target bamboo with the fluorescent X ray, and showed it with the ratio with respect to the total amount of the element except carbon.
各サンプルの磁器ルツボへの付着率は以下の記述により求めた。室温に冷却した各サンプルの磁器ルツボの重量を測定した。各サンプルの磁器ルツボの底１ｃｍを超音波洗浄機（ＢＲＡＩＳＯＮ ５５１０Ｊ−ＤＴＨ）の水槽に浸した。磁器ルツボに３分間超音波による刺激を与え、一部の剥離したサンプルを回収した後に磁器ルツボの重量を測り、式１により付着率を求めた。
圧壊強度の測定で用いた各サンプルのクリンカは磁器ルツボから採取した２−４ｍｍの不定形固体であり、株式会社イマダ製ＥＭＸ−１０００Ｎ、ロードセルＤＰＵ５００Ｎにより各サンプルの平均圧壊強度を算出した。 The clinker of each sample used in the measurement of the crushing strength is a 2-4 mm amorphous solid collected from a porcelain crucible, and the average crushing strength of each sample was calculated by EMX-1000N manufactured by Imada Co., Ltd. and the load cell DPU500N.
得られたクリンカの磁性ルツボへの付着率は９５％であり、クリンカの平均圧壊強度は２５０Ｎであった。 The adhesion rate of the obtained clinker to the magnetic crucible was 95%, and the average crushing strength of the clinker was 250N.
実施例２〜６
鉄化合物触媒の添加量を種々変更した以外は実施例１と同様にして燃焼試験を行った。その結果を表１に示す。
Examples 2-6
A combustion test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that various amounts of the iron compound catalyst were changed. The results are shown in Table 1.
比較例１
バイオマス燃料（竹）１５ｇを磁性ルツボに入れ、雰囲気焼成炉を用いた１０５０℃で１時間熱処理を行った。その添加割合は０．１重量％であった。その後、磁性ルツボを室温まで冷却し、超音波発信機を用いて磁性ルツボに付着したクリンカを取り除き、生成したクリンカの付着率と平均圧壊強度を評価した。
Comparative Example 1
Biomass fuel (bamboo) 15 g was put in a magnetic crucible and heat-treated at 1050 ° C. for 1 hour using an atmosphere firing furnace. The addition ratio was 0.1% by weight. Thereafter, the magnetic crucible was cooled to room temperature, the clinker adhering to the magnetic crucible was removed using an ultrasonic transmitter, and the adhesion rate and average crushing strength of the produced clinker were evaluated.
得られたクリンカの磁性ルツボへの付着率は１００％であり、クリンカの平均圧壊強度は４８５Ｎであった。 The adhesion rate of the obtained clinker to the magnetic crucible was 100%, and the average crushing strength of the clinker was 485N.
表１により、鉄化合物触媒を用いることでクリンカの付着率及び圧壊強度を著しく低下させ、クリンカの堆積を有効に防止できることを示している。
Table 1 shows that by using an iron compound catalyst, the adhesion rate and crushing strength of the clinker can be remarkably reduced, and clinker deposition can be effectively prevented.
Claims (4)
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| JP2018035187A JP7181497B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2018-02-28 | Combustion method of biomass fuel |
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| JP2018035187A JP7181497B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2018-02-28 | Combustion method of biomass fuel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111841539A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-30 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for preparing heterogeneous catalyst by resource utilization of hematite tailings and application of heterogeneous catalyst |
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