CN108641723B - Method for preparing soil conditioner from high-alkali fly ash - Google Patents
Method for preparing soil conditioner from high-alkali fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN108641723B CN108641723B CN201810611290.1A CN201810611290A CN108641723B CN 108641723 B CN108641723 B CN 108641723B CN 201810611290 A CN201810611290 A CN 201810611290A CN 108641723 B CN108641723 B CN 108641723B
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a soil conditioner by using high-alkali fly ash. The obtained soil conditioner has the effect of stabilizing heavy metals in soil, and can be used for treating soil heavy metal pollution. Compared with other processes, the process has the advantages of easily available raw materials, simple flow, low alkali consumption and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization process of high-alkali fly ash, which is a soil conditioner capable of stabilizing heavy metals in soil and obtained by carrying out alkali treatment on the high-alkali fly ash, and belongs to the field of inorganic chemistry and chemical engineering.
Technical Field
The fly ash refers to fine ash collected from tail flue gas of a coal-fired boiler and is main solid waste discharged by a coal-fired power plant. Along with the development of the power industry, the discharge amount of the fly ash of a coal-fired power plant is increased year by year, and the fly ash becomes one of industrial waste residues with larger discharge amount in China.
The expected coal reserves in the east-west region of Xinjiang can reach 3.9 × 1011t, is the largest self-contained coal field in China at present. The eastern Junggar coal as a low-rank coal has good reaction activity, is extremely easy to burn out and has low development cost, but because the content of alkali metal in the coal is generally higher than that of coal for power in other areas in China; with the establishment of extra-large-sized coal and electricity bases in the east China, the utilization of high-alkali fly ash becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The high-alkali fly ash has the characteristics of high alkali metal content, and can cause the unfavorable phenomena of efflorescence, embrittlement and the like when being applied to the field of building material processing, and if the high-alkali fly ash is stacked on site, land resources can be wasted, and the high-alkali fly ash can cause harm to atmosphere and underground water.
At present, China and south China face a serious problem of heavy metal pollution of acid soil, and the heavy metal content of agricultural products and underground water is extremely high, so that the health of residents is harmed. The high-alkali fly ash mainly comprises silicon-aluminum oxide and alkali metal, can neutralize soil acidity, and is excited by high temperature in a furnace in the forming process, so that the high-alkali fly ash has strong ion exchange performance.
In the prior art, a technical scheme for preparing a soil conditioner by using high-alkali fly ash as a main raw material is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The soil conditioner for treating heavy metal pollution of soil is prepared by mixing high-alkali fly ash and solid alkali according to a certain proportion, grinding, heating, washing with water, filtering and drying.
The invention aims to design a process for synthesizing a soil conditioner by using high-alkali fly ash through low-temperature alkali treatment, which is characterized in that the high-alkali fly ash and solid alkali are mixed and ground according to a certain proportion, and are washed, filtered and dried after being heated, so that the obtained soil conditioner has the effect of stabilizing heavy metals in soil and can be used for treating heavy metal pollution of the soil.
Compared with the prior art, the process has good industrial application value due to low alkali consumption, low energy consumption and simple flow.
The invention fully utilizes alkali excitation in the forming process of the high-alkali fly ash, reduces the alkali consumption at the rear end, can greatly reduce the heavy metal content in the raw materials by using less alkali and cleaning water, and improves the capability of the raw materials for solidifying the heavy metal in the soil.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) a process for preparing soil conditioner from high-alkali powdered coal ash includes such steps as mixing high-alkali powdered coal ash with solid alkali, grinding, heating, washing with water, filtering and baking. The obtained soil conditioner is applied to the heavy metal contaminated soil in proportion, has the effect of stabilizing heavy metals in the soil, and is used for measuring the leaching concentration of heavy metal ions in the heavy metal contaminated soil before and after application and the content of heavy metals in agricultural products before and after application.
(2) According to the method for preparing the soil conditioner by using the high-alkali fly ash in the step (1), the high-alkali fly ash is fine ash collected by dust removal equipment in tail flue gas of a coal-fired boiler, wherein the mass percent of alkali metal is 2-20%, the mass percent of silicon is 10-50%, and the mass percent of calcium is 1-20%.
(3) The method for preparing the soil conditioner by using the high-alkali fly ash according to the (1) or (2), wherein the surface area of the high-alkali fly ash is 1-50m2(ii)/g, bulk density of 0.8-2g/cm3The particle size distribution is 0.5-30 μm.
(4) The method for preparing the soil conditioner by using the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the mixing mass ratio range of the high-alkali fly ash and the solid alkali is as follows: 1: 0.05-1: 5, the treatment temperature range is as follows: the treatment time is 0.1-72h at 50-800 ℃.
(5) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the grinding mode of the high-alkali fly ash and the solid alkali comprises one of the following or any combination of at least two of the following: mechanically stirring quickly, ball grinding and grinding.
(6) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (5), after grinding and heating, washing, filtering and drying. Wherein the water washing temperature range is as follows: 0.1-80 ℃, preferably 20 ℃; the drying temperature range is as follows: 30-120 degrees celsius, preferably 50 degrees celsius.
(7) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the solid alkali comprises one of the following or any combination of at least two of the following: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate.
(8) The method for preparing the soil conditioner by using the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the pH value range of a product obtained by drying is as follows: 8 to 12, preferably 9 to 11.
(9) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the soil conditioner obtained by drying comprises 1 to 20 mass percent of alkali metal, 10 to 50 mass percent of silicon and 1 to 20 mass percent of calcium.
(10) According to the method for preparing the soil conditioner by using the high-alkali fly ash in any one of the steps (1) to (9), the content of arsenic element in a product obtained by drying is less than or equal to 5 mg/kg; the content of cadmium element is less than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg; the content of mercury element is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/kg; the content of lead element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of chromium element is less than or equal to 100 mg/kg; the content of copper element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of nickel element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of zinc element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of selenium element is less than or equal to 3.0 mg/kg; the content of cobalt element is less than or equal to 40 mg/kg; the content of vanadium element is less than or equal to 130 mg/kg; the content of antimony element is less than or equal to 5 mg/kg.
(11) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the surface area of the soil conditioner obtained by drying is 1-300m2(ii)/g, bulk density of 0.4-2g/cm3The particle size distribution is 0.5-70 μm.
(12) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the soil applied to the product is acid soil, and the overproof heavy metals of the product are one of or any combination of at least two of the following: lead, nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cobalt and vanadium.
(13) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the concentration of heavy metal in the soil applied to the product is 2mg/kg to 10000 mg/kg.
(14) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the application amount of the product applied to the heavy metal contaminated soil is 0.1-500kg/m2。
(15) The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to any one of (1) to (14), wherein the effect of the product applied to the heavy metal contaminated soil is that the leaching concentration of the heavy metal is reduced by 1-100%.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the fly ash is bulk industrial solid waste, has high heavy metal content in the body, and cannot be directly used as a soil conditioner for soil remediation. In the fly ash forming process, a large amount of heavy metal elements in the flue gas are deposited on the surface of the fly ash to form polymers with silicon-aluminum elements, the process for removing heavy metals in the fly ash body is complicated, and the alkali consumption is high. The invention can reduce the alkali consumption and achieve better effect by mixing and grinding the high-alkali fly ash and the solid alkali according to a certain proportion, washing, filtering and drying after heating.
The forming process of the high-alkali fly ash is similar to that of common fly ash, and the difference is that a large amount of alkali metals exist in the high-alkali fly ash, and the high-alkali fly ash has strong alkalinity in the forming process, so that a polymer formed by heavy metals of a high-alkali fly ash body and silicon-aluminum elements on the surface of the high-alkali fly ash can be damaged in flue gas at the tail part of a boiler. Therefore, the energy consumption, the water consumption and the alkali consumption of the subsequent process can be greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
Comparative example 1:
1g of common fly ash Z-1 and 50g of Cd2+Grinding and mixing the polluted soil, and determining front and back Cd according to HJ/T299-2007 standard2+The leaching concentration was varied and the leaching rate was calculated as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2:
1g of commercial 4A zeolite Z-2 was taken with 50g of Cd2+The contaminated soil was ground and mixed, and the change in Cd2+ leaching concentration before and after the measurement according to the HJ/T299-2007 standard was calculated as the leaching rate, as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3:
1g of high-alkali fly ash Z-3 and 50g of Cd2+The contaminated soil was ground and mixed, and the change in Cd2+ leaching concentration before and after the measurement according to the HJ/T299-2007 standard was calculated as the leaching rate, as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 4:
grinding 5g of common fly ash and 10g of sodium hydroxide, and heating to 120 ℃ for 4 hours. Taking out, cooling, washing with deionized water, filtering, and oven drying to obtain Z-4.
Taking a sample of 1g Z-4 and 50g Cd2+Grinding and mixing the polluted soil, and determining front and back Cd according to HJ/T299-2007 standard2 +The leaching concentration was varied and the leaching rate was calculated as shown in table 1.
Inventive example 1:
grinding 5g of high-alkali fly ash and 5g of sodium hydroxide, and heating to 100 ℃ for 4 hours. Taking out, cooling, washing with deionized water at 20 ℃, filtering, and drying at 50 ℃ and marking as Y-1.
Taking a sample of 1gY-1 and 50g Cd2+Grinding and mixing the polluted soil, and determining front and back Cd according to HJ/T299-2007 standard2+The leaching concentration was varied and the leaching rate was calculated as shown in table 1.
Inventive example 2:
grinding 5g of high-alkali fly ash and 5g of sodium hydroxide, and heating to 120 ℃ for 2 hours. Taking out, cooling, washing with deionized water at 20 ℃, filtering, and drying at 50 ℃ and marking as Y-2.
Taking a 1g Y-2 sample and 50g Cd2+Grinding and mixing the polluted soil, and determining front and back Cd according to HJ/T299-2007 standard2 +The leaching concentration was varied and the leaching rate was calculated as shown in table 1.
Inventive example 3:
grinding 5g of high-alkali fly ash and 5g of sodium hydroxide, and heating to 300 ℃ for 2 hours. Taking out, cooling, washing with 50 ℃ deionized water, filtering, and drying at 50 ℃ and marking as Y-3.
Taking a 1g Y-3 sample and 50g Cd2+ grinding and mixing the contaminated soil, and determining front and back Cd according to HJ/T299-2007 standard2 +The leaching concentration was varied and the leaching rate was calculated as shown in table 1.
Inventive example 4:
grinding 5g of high-alkali fly ash and 20g of sodium hydroxide, and heating to 120 ℃ for 2 hours. Taking out, cooling, washing with 80 ℃ deionized water, filtering, and drying at 80 ℃ to mark as Y-4. .
Taking a sample of 1g Y-4 and 50g Cd2+Grinding and mixing the polluted soil, and determining front and back Cd according to HJ/T299-2007 standard2 +The leaching concentration was varied and the leaching rate was calculated as shown in table 1.
Table 1 comparison of leaching effect
According to the invention, the energy consumption and alkali consumption of the high-alkali fly ash process are lower in order to achieve the same treatment effect.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a soil conditioner by using high-alkali fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing and grinding high-alkali fly ash and solid alkali, heating, washing with water, filtering, and drying to obtain a soil conditioner;
wherein the high-alkali fly ash refers to fine ash collected by dust removal equipment in tail flue gas of a coal-fired boiler, wherein the mass percent of alkali metal is 2-20%, the mass percent of silicon is 10-50%, the mass percent of calcium is 1-20%, and the surface area is 1-50m2(ii)/g, bulk density of 0.8-2g/cm3The particle size distribution is 0.5-30 μm;
the mass ratio range of the high-alkali fly ash to the solid alkali is as follows: 1: 0.05-1: 5, the treatment temperature range is as follows: the treatment time is 0.1-72h at 50-800 ℃;
after grinding and heating, washing, filtering and drying to obtain a powdery soil conditioner product; the washing temperature range is as follows: 0.1-80 ℃; the drying temperature range is as follows: 30-120 ℃;
the surface area of the soil conditioner product is 1-300m2(ii)/g, bulk density of 0.4-2g/cm3The particle size distribution is 0.5-70 μm.
2. The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grinding mode comprises one of the following or any combination of at least two of the following: mechanically stirring quickly, ball grinding and grinding.
3. The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solid base comprises one of the following or any combination of at least two of the following: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate.
4. The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pH value range of the dried product is as follows: 8-12.
5. The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dried product contains 1-20% of alkali metal, 10-50% of silicon and 1-20% of calcium by mass.
6. The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the arsenic content of the product obtained by drying is less than or equal to 10 mg/kg; the content of cadmium element is less than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg; the content of mercury element is less than or equal to 5 mg/kg; the content of lead element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of chromium element is less than or equal to 100 mg/kg; the content of copper element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of nickel element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of zinc element is less than or equal to 50 mg/kg; the content of selenium element is less than or equal to 3.0 mg/kg; the content of cobalt element is less than or equal to 40 mg/kg; the content of vanadium element is less than or equal to 130 mg/kg; the content of antimony element is less than or equal to 5 mg/kg.
7. The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the soil applied by the product is acid soil, and the overproof heavy metals of the acid soil are one of the following or any combination of at least two of the following heavy metals: lead, nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cobalt and vanadium.
8. The method for preparing the soil conditioner from the high-alkali fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of heavy metal in the soil applied by the product is 2mg/kg-10000 mg/kg.
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| CN110606790A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-24 | 北京康地宝生物技术有限公司 | Soil improvement repairing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN111704905A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 韶关学院 | Soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112111282B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-08-17 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | Soil conditioner, application thereof and soil conditioning and/or soil remediation method |
| CN112279714A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-29 | 赢享(宁夏)管理咨询有限公司 | Method for preparing fly ash fertilizer capable of preventing heavy metal from polluting soil |
| CN114540037A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-05-27 | 南昌大学 | Preparation method of modified fly ash-based soil conditioner |
| CN114644928B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-04-14 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Process for producing and processing soil conditioner by using fly ash as raw material |
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| CN106268627A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-04 | 国电新能源技术研究院 | A kind of flyash low-temperature alkaline processes synthetic adsorbent technique and the method processing heavy metal garbage thereof |
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| CN101259314A (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2008-09-10 | 南京瑞迪高新技术公司 | Method for curing heavy metal and its special-purpose base soil polymer |
| CN102303036B (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2014-01-15 | 东江环保股份有限公司 | Alkali activated solidification and stabilization treatment method of refuse incineration fly ash |
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| CN106268627A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-04 | 国电新能源技术研究院 | A kind of flyash low-temperature alkaline processes synthetic adsorbent technique and the method processing heavy metal garbage thereof |
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Address after: 102209 245 shunsha Road, Dongliu, Xiaotangshan Town, Changping District, Beijing (future science and technology city) Patentee after: National Energy Group New Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 102209 Beier street, future science and Technology City, Beiqijia Town, Changping District, Beijing Patentee before: GUODIAN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. |