JP2019132485A - Combustion-controlling system with function of estimating waste volume in incinerator - Google Patents
Combustion-controlling system with function of estimating waste volume in incinerator Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ストーカ式ごみ焼却炉内のごみ量を推定する機能を備えた燃焼制御システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a combustion control system having a function of estimating the amount of waste in a stoker-type waste incinerator.
従来、ストーカ式ごみ焼却炉内のごみ量を測定する方法として、例えば、電波式レベルスイッチによる測定、即ち、焼却炉の対向する側面の一方に電波発信機を取り付け、他方の側面に受信機を取り付けて、電波の送受信位置（図９のＺの位置）にごみの存在の有無を測定する方法が知られている。 Conventionally, as a method of measuring the amount of waste in a stoker-type waste incinerator, for example, measurement by a radio wave level switch, that is, a radio wave transmitter is attached to one of the opposite side surfaces of the incinerator, and a receiver is attached to the other side surface. A method for attaching and measuring presence / absence of dust at a radio wave transmission / reception position (position Z in FIG. 9) is known.
更に他の測定方法として、燃焼空気の差圧による測定が知られており、それは、燃焼空気量の火格子下圧力と炉内圧力と流量とを用いてごみの厚みを推定する方法である（特許文献１等）。 As another measurement method, measurement by differential pressure of combustion air is known, which is a method of estimating the thickness of dust using the pressure under the grate, the pressure in the furnace, and the flow rate of the combustion air amount ( Patent Document 1).
更に他の方法として、可視カメラによる画像処理方法が知られており、これは焼却炉の前面に可視カメラを設定し、撮像した画像をデジタル画像処理する方法である（特許文献１等）。 As another method, an image processing method using a visible camera is known. This is a method in which a visible camera is set in front of an incinerator and a captured image is digitally processed (Patent Document 1, etc.).
しかしながら、ストーカ式ごみ焼却炉に電波式レベルスイッチを設けてごみ量を測定する方法では、電波式レベルスイッチの検出レベルにごみが有るか無いかは測定できるが、ごみの有無が電波式レベルスイッチの位置で分かるだけで、ストーカ上の全てのごみ量を推定することはできない。 However, in the method of measuring the amount of waste by installing a radio wave type level switch in a stoker-type waste incinerator, it is possible to measure whether the detection level of the radio wave type level switch has dust, but the presence or absence of dust is It is not possible to estimate the total amount of garbage on the stoker only by knowing the position of.
また、燃焼空気の差圧によるごみ量の測定では、空気の抜け箇所があると測定することができない。また、基準差圧（絞り）が火格子の経年的な損耗等により変化するため、測定誤差が徐々に大きくなる。 Further, in the measurement of the amount of dust by the differential pressure of the combustion air, it is impossible to measure if there is a portion where air has escaped. In addition, since the reference differential pressure (throttle) changes due to wear and the like of the grate over time, the measurement error gradually increases.
また、可視カメラによる画像処理方法では、ごみの流れの上流側が炎や燃焼ガスで遮られて見えない（図９参照）。 Further, in the image processing method using a visible camera, the upstream side of the dust flow is blocked by a flame or combustion gas and cannot be seen (see FIG. 9).
そこで本発明は、炎や燃焼ガスからの熱放射エネルギーのない特定波長領域を撮像可能な撮像手段による炎越しの熱画像を用いて、ストーカ上のごみ量（体積）を広範囲に且つ正確に推定することができる、焼却炉内のごみ量推定機能を備えた燃焼制御システムを提供することを主たる目的とし、併せて、ストーカ上のごみ量を最適化して、ごみの乾燥から燃焼までを最適に行うことができ、その結果、燃焼状態が安定し、また完全燃焼させることができる、焼却炉内のごみ量推定機能を備えた燃焼制御システムを提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention accurately estimates the amount of dust (volume) on the stoker over a wide range using a thermal image over the flame by an imaging means capable of imaging a specific wavelength region without thermal radiation energy from flames or combustion gases. The main objective is to provide a combustion control system with a function to estimate the amount of waste in an incinerator. In addition, the amount of waste on the stoker is optimized to optimize the process from drying to burning. It is an object of the present invention to provide a combustion control system having a function of estimating the amount of dust in an incinerator, which can be performed and, as a result, the combustion state is stable and complete combustion is possible.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る焼却炉内のごみ量推定機能を備える燃焼制御システムの第１の手段は、焼却炉の炉本体内のストーカ上を搬送されるごみの熱画像を炎越しに撮像するための撮像手段と、前記撮像手段によって撮像された熱画像のオプティカルフローを用いて前記ストーカ上のごみと前記炉本体の両側の内壁面との境界線を検出し、前記ストーカ上の所定エリアのごみの推定量を算出するコントローラと、を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the first means of the combustion control system having the function of estimating the amount of dust in the incinerator according to the present invention is configured to display a thermal image of the dust conveyed on the stalker in the furnace body of the incinerator. A boundary line between dust on the stoker and inner wall surfaces on both sides of the furnace body using an imaging means for imaging over the optical flow of the thermal image captured by the imaging means, and on the stoker And a controller for calculating an estimated amount of garbage in the predetermined area.
また、本発明の第２の手段は、上記第１の手段において、前記コントローラは、前記ストーカ上のごみの前記推定量が所定範囲内となるように前記ストーカのストーカ速度を制御することを特徴とする。 According to a second means of the present invention, in the first means, the controller controls the stalker speed of the stalker so that the estimated amount of dust on the stalker falls within a predetermined range. And
また、本発明の第３の手段は、上記第１又は第２の手段において、前記コントローラは、前記ストーカ上のごみの前記推定量が所定範囲内となるように前記焼却炉にごみを供給する給じん装置の給じん速度を制御することを特徴とする。 According to a third means of the present invention, in the first or second means, the controller supplies the waste to the incinerator so that the estimated amount of the waste on the stoker is within a predetermined range. It is characterized by controlling the feeding speed of the dust feeding device.
また、本発明の第４の手段は、上記第１の手段において、前記ストーカが乾燥ストーカ及び燃焼ストーカを含み、前記所定エリアが前記乾燥ストーカに相当するエリアと前記燃焼ストーカに相当するエリアの双方のエリアを含み、前記コントローラは、前記燃焼ストーカ上のごみの推定量が所定範囲となるように前記乾燥ストーカのストーカ速度を制御するとともに、前記乾燥ストーカ上のごみの推定量が所定範囲となるように前記焼却炉にごみを供給する給じん装置の給じん速度を制御することを特徴とする。 According to a fourth means of the present invention, in the first means, the stoker includes a dry stalker and a combustion stalker, and the predetermined area is both an area corresponding to the dry stalker and an area corresponding to the combustion stalker. The controller controls the stalker speed of the dry stalker so that the estimated amount of dust on the combustion stalker falls within a predetermined range, and the estimated amount of garbage on the dry stalker falls within the predetermined range. As described above, the dust feeding speed of the dust feeding device that supplies the waste to the incinerator is controlled.
さらに、本発明の第５の手段は、上記第１の手段において、前記コントローラは、前記所定エリアでの前記境界線の平均高さを演算し、前記平均高さと前記所定エリアの面積とから前記所定エリアのごみの推定量を演算することを特徴とする。 Further, according to a fifth means of the present invention, in the first means, the controller calculates an average height of the boundary line in the predetermined area, and from the average height and the area of the predetermined area, the controller calculates the average height of the boundary line. An estimated amount of dust in a predetermined area is calculated.
本発明によれば、オプティカルフローを用いてストーカ上のごみと炉本体の両側の内壁面との境界線を検出することにより、ストーカ上のごみ量を広範囲に且つ正確に推定することができる。更に、ストーカ上のごみ量を広範囲に且つ正確に推定することにより、ストーカ上のごみ量の最適化が可能となり、ごみの乾燥から燃焼迄の最適化を図ることができる。 According to the present invention, the amount of dust on the stoker can be accurately estimated over a wide range by detecting the boundary line between the dust on the stoker and the inner wall surfaces on both sides of the furnace body using the optical flow. Furthermore, by estimating the amount of dust on the stoker over a wide range and accurately, the amount of dust on the stoker can be optimized, and optimization from drying to combustion of the waste can be achieved.
本発明の実施形態について、以下に図１〜図８を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明に係る焼却炉内のごみ量推定機能を備えた燃焼制御システムを有するストーカ式焼却炉の一実施形態を示している。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a stoker-type incinerator having a combustion control system having a function of estimating the amount of waste in an incinerator according to the present invention.
ストーカ式焼却炉１は、炉本体２、ホッパー３、給じん装置４、ストーカ５、主灰シュート６、廃熱ボイラ７、燃焼用空気系統８等を備えている。 The stoker-type incinerator 1 includes a furnace body 2, a hopper 3, a dust feeder 4, a stalker 5, a main ash chute 6, a waste heat boiler 7, a combustion air system 8, and the like.
図示例のストーカ５は、ごみ送り方向に、可動火格子５ａと固定火格子５ｂが交互に階段状に配列された階段式ストーカである。炉本体２内において、ストーカ５は、上流側から下流側にかけて、乾燥ストーカ５ｃ、燃焼ストーカ５ｄ、後燃焼ストーカ５ｅの３つに区分されている。油圧シリンダ等の油圧機器で構成されるストーカ駆動装置５ｆ、５ｇ、５ｈによって、乾燥ストーカ５ｃ、燃焼ストーカ５ｄ、及び後燃焼ストーカ５ｅの其々の可動火格子５ａを往復動させることにより、ごみを攪拌しながら上流側から下流側へ移送する。可動火格子５ａが往復動する速度、即ちストーカ速度は、コントローラ１１により制御され得る。コントローラ１１は、制御部、演算部、記憶部、インターフェース等を備えている。 The illustrated stalker 5 is a stepped stalker in which a movable grate 5a and a fixed grate 5b are alternately arranged in a staircase pattern in the garbage feed direction. In the furnace body 2, the stoker 5 is divided into three parts, a dry stoker 5c, a combustion stoker 5d, and a post-combustion stoker 5e, from the upstream side to the downstream side. By reciprocating the movable grate 5a of the dry stalker 5c, the combustion stalker 5d, and the post-combustion stalker 5e by the stalker driving devices 5f, 5g, and 5h composed of hydraulic equipment such as a hydraulic cylinder, garbage is collected. Transfer from the upstream side to the downstream side while stirring. The speed at which the movable grate 5 a reciprocates, that is, the stalker speed, can be controlled by the controller 11. The controller 11 includes a control unit, a calculation unit, a storage unit, an interface, and the like.
図示例の給じん装置４は、プッシャー４ａの往復動により、ホッパー３内のごみを焼却炉内に押し込むプッシャー方式であって、プッシャー４ａの往復動作動速度、即ち、給じん速度を制御することにより、燃焼量に応じたゴミ量を供給する。プッシャー４ａは、油圧シリンダ等のプッシャー駆動装置４ｂによって往復動する。 The dust feeding device 4 in the illustrated example is a pusher system that pushes the dust in the hopper 3 into the incinerator by the reciprocating motion of the pusher 4a, and controls the reciprocating motion speed of the pusher 4a, that is, the feeding speed. Thus, the amount of dust corresponding to the amount of combustion is supplied. The pusher 4a reciprocates by a pusher drive device 4b such as a hydraulic cylinder.
燃焼用空気系統８は、ごみ焼却炉に必要な空気を炉内に送り込む装置であり、押込送風機８ａ、空気予熱器８ｂ、空気ダクト８ｃ、ダンパ８ｄ等によって構成されている。燃焼用空気は、ストーカ５の下から送られる１次空気と、燃焼室上部に送られる２次空気とに分けられる。風量制御は、ダンパ８ｄの制御又は押込送風機８ａの電動機の回転数制御により行われる。 The combustion air system 8 is a device that feeds air necessary for the waste incinerator into the furnace, and includes a pusher fan 8a, an air preheater 8b, an air duct 8c, a damper 8d, and the like. The combustion air is divided into primary air sent from under the stoker 5 and secondary air sent to the upper part of the combustion chamber. The air volume control is performed by controlling the damper 8d or controlling the rotational speed of the electric motor of the forced air blower 8a.
ストーカ５上を搬送されるごみの熱画像を炎越しに撮像するための撮像手段１０が、炉本体２に取り付けられている。撮像手段１０は、図１に示すように、燃焼ストーカ５ｄの下流側上方に取り付けられ、燃焼ストーカ５ｄ及び乾燥ストーカ５ｃを撮像するように配置されている。 An image pickup means 10 for picking up a thermal image of garbage conveyed on the stalker 5 through the flame is attached to the furnace body 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the imaging means 10 is attached to the upper downstream side of the combustion stalker 5d, and is arranged to image the combustion stalker 5d and the dry stalker 5c.
炎や燃焼ガスで充満されている焼却炉内で大半を占めるのがＨ２ＯとＣＯ２である。Ｈ２ＯとＣＯ２からの熱放射エネルギーは、特定の波長領域でゼロ又はほぼゼロになることが知られており、そのような波長領域は、赤外領域である１．６μｍ付近及び３．９μｍ付近に存在する。 The majority of incinerators filled with flames and combustion gases are H 2 O and CO 2 . Thermal radiant energy from H 2 O and CO 2 is known to be zero or nearly zero in certain wavelength regions, such wavelength regions being near the infrared region of 1.6 μm and 3. It exists in the vicinity of 9 μm.
従って、炎や燃焼ガスが充満した炉内で、炎や燃焼ガスが放射しない波長を中心波長とする狭帯域波長の赤外線だけを検出する撮像手段１０を用いて炉内を撮影することにより、可視光カメラでは撮影しにくいごみを炎や燃焼ガスの影響を受けずに、炎越しに撮影することができる。 Therefore, in a furnace filled with flames or combustion gases, the inside of the furnace is visualized by imaging the inside of the furnace using the imaging means 10 that detects only infrared light having a narrow band wavelength centered at a wavelength at which flames or combustion gases do not radiate. Garbage that is difficult to photograph with an optical camera can be photographed through the flame without being affected by flames or combustion gases.
そのため、撮像手段１０は、１．６μｍ付近を中心波長とする狭帯域波長の近赤外線を選択透過させるフィルタを備える近赤外線カメラ１０ａと、３．９μｍ付近を中心波長とする狭帯域波長の中赤外線を選択透過させるフィルタを備える中赤外線カメラ１０ｂと、を備えることにより、炎や燃焼ガスを通して炉内の内部状況をリアルタイムでビデオ映像として連続的に撮影することができる。撮像手段１０は、近赤外線カメラ１０ａ又は中赤外線カメラ１０ｂの何れかを備えることもできる。 Therefore, the imaging means 10 includes a near-infrared camera 10a including a filter that selectively transmits near-infrared light having a narrow band wavelength centered around 1.6 μm, and a mid-infrared light having a narrow band wavelength centered around 3.9 μm. By providing the mid-infrared camera 10b including a filter that selectively transmits the internal state of the furnace, it is possible to continuously capture the internal situation in the furnace as a video image in real time through a flame or combustion gas. The imaging means 10 can also include either the near-infrared camera 10a or the mid-infrared camera 10b.
ある実施例において、近赤外線カメラ１０ａは１．５１１μｍ〜１．６６４μｍの波長帯域の近赤外線のみを選択的に透過させるフィルタを備え、中赤外線カメラ１０ｂは３．８３２μｍ〜３．９４２μｍの波長帯域の中赤外線のみを選択的に透過させるフィルタを備えている。 In one embodiment, the near-infrared camera 10a includes a filter that selectively transmits only near-infrared light having a wavelength band of 1.511 μm to 1.664 μm, and the mid-infrared camera 10b has a wavelength band of 3.832 μm to 3.942 μm. A filter that selectively transmits only mid-infrared rays is provided.
撮像手段１０によって撮像された炎越しの熱画像データは、リアルタイムでコントローラ１１に送られる。図２は、炎越し熱画像の一例である。コントローラ１１は、リアルタイムで送られてくる時系列の熱画像データから、ストーカ５上を搬送されるごみの量（体積）を推定するための演算を行う。その演算は、例えば、次の（１）〜（４）の画像処理手順によって処理され得る。 The thermal image data over the flame imaged by the imaging means 10 is sent to the controller 11 in real time. FIG. 2 is an example of a flame-through thermal image. The controller 11 performs a calculation for estimating the amount (volume) of garbage conveyed on the stalker 5 from time-series thermal image data sent in real time. The calculation can be processed by, for example, the following image processing procedures (1) to (4).
（１）図３の熱画像のイメージ図を参照して、熱画像上で、炉本体内の底部、即ちストーカ５の上面と炉本体内の左右側壁の内壁面２ａ、２ｂの各々とが交わる底辺Ｌ１、Ｌ２を設定する。底辺Ｌ１、Ｌ２は、ストーカ５のごみ搬送方向（図３の縦方向）に沿う左右両側縁である。底辺Ｌ１、Ｌ２は、ストーカ５上にごみが無い状態で撮像手段より撮像した画像データから予め設定され得る。熱画像上で底辺Ｌ１、Ｌ２が設定されれば、熱画像上における左右側壁の内壁面２ａ、２ｂ上の点について、座標を特定することができる。 (1) Referring to the thermal image in FIG. 3, on the thermal image, the bottom of the furnace body, that is, the bottom surface where the upper surface of the stoker 5 and the inner wall surfaces 2a and 2b of the left and right side walls in the furnace body intersect each other. L1 and L2 are set. The bottom sides L1 and L2 are the left and right side edges along the dust transport direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3) of the stalker 5. The bases L1 and L2 can be set in advance from image data picked up by the image pickup means in a state where there is no dust on the stalker 5. If the bases L1 and L2 are set on the thermal image, the coordinates of the points on the inner wall surfaces 2a and 2b of the left and right side walls on the thermal image can be specified.
（２）時系列で撮像された熱画像の画像処理により、熱画像上の内壁面２ａ、２ｂとごみとの境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４を検出する。境界線Ｌ３，Ｌ４の検出方法として、時系列で撮像された熱画像にオプティカルフローが適用される。オプティカルフローにおいて、流れ成分の無い場所が内壁面２ａ、２ｂであり、流れ成分の有る場所がごみであると看做すことができる。熱画像（静止画像）のみではゴミの燃えカスなどで内壁面とごみとの色合いがはっきりしない部分では内壁面とごみとの境界が正確に検出できないが、オプティカルフローでは、色情報によらず、ごみの特徴点の動きで境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４を検出するため、正確に境界線Ｌ３，Ｌ４を検出することができる。こうして内壁面２ａ、２ｂとごみとの境界を境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４と判定し、境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４の座標データをコントローラ１１に格納する。オプティカルフロー自体は公知技術であるので、詳細な説明を省略する。 (2) The boundary lines L3 and L4 between the inner wall surfaces 2a and 2b and the dust on the thermal image are detected by image processing of the thermal image captured in time series. As a detection method of the boundary lines L3 and L4, an optical flow is applied to a thermal image captured in time series. In the optical flow, it can be considered that the place where there is no flow component is the inner wall surfaces 2a and 2b, and the place where the flow component is present is garbage. In the thermal image (still image) alone, the boundary between the inner wall surface and the dust cannot be detected accurately in the part where the color between the inner wall surface and the dust is not clear due to the burning residue of garbage, but in the optical flow, regardless of the color information, Since the boundary lines L3 and L4 are detected by the movement of the feature points of the garbage, the boundary lines L3 and L4 can be accurately detected. Thus, the boundaries between the inner wall surfaces 2a and 2b and the dust are determined as the boundary lines L3 and L4, and the coordinate data of the boundary lines L3 and L4 is stored in the controller 11. Since the optical flow itself is a known technique, detailed description thereof is omitted.
（３）図４を参照して、底辺Ｌ１、Ｌ２をストーカ５の奥行き方向（熱画像上のＹ軸方向）に所定間隔Ｙ１で走査することにより分割し、底辺Ｌ１、Ｌ２上の各分割点Ｄから境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４迄の高さＨを算出する。 (3) Referring to FIG. 4, the bases L1 and L2 are divided by scanning in the depth direction of the stalker 5 (the Y-axis direction on the thermal image) at a predetermined interval Y1, and each division point on the bases L1 and L2 is divided. A height H from D to the boundary lines L3 and L4 is calculated.
（４）図５を参照して、指定エリアＡを設定し、指定エリアＡの両側底辺Ｌ１，Ｌ２の分割点Ｄ１〜Ｄ８から境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４迄の高さＨ１〜Ｈ８の平均値（（Ｈ１＋Ｈ２＋Ｈ３＋Ｈ４＋Ｈ５＋Ｈ６＋Ｈ７＋Ｈ８）÷８）を、指定エリアＡの平均高さＨとし、指定エリアＡの面積をＳとし、指定エリアＡのごみの推定量Ｖ（＝Ｓ×Ｈ）を算出する。平均高さＨは、Ｈ１〜Ｈ８の一部の高さを用いて、例えば、（Ｈ１＋Ｈ２＋Ｈ３＋Ｈ４）÷４、或いは、（Ｈ１＋Ｈ４＋Ｈ５＋Ｈ８）÷４等とすることもできる。なお、面積Ｓ及び高さＨは実機寸法に換算される。 (4) With reference to FIG. 5, and sets the specified area A, the dividing points D 1 to D 8 of each side base L1, L2 of the specified area A until the boundary line L3, L4 of the height H 1 to H 8 The average value ((H 1 + H 2 + H 3 + H 4 + H 5 + H 6 + H 7 + H 8 ) ÷ 8) is the average height H of the designated area A, the area of the designated area A is S, and the garbage of the designated area A An estimated amount V (= S × H) is calculated. The average height H is, for example, (H 1 + H 2 + H 3 + H 4 ) ÷ 4 or (H 1 + H 4 + H 5 + H 8 ) ÷ 4 using a partial height of H 1 to H 8. Etc. In addition, the area S and the height H are converted into actual machine dimensions.
境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４は、熱画像を表示するモニターＭ上にも表示され、可視化され得る。図６にモニター画像の表示例を示す。境界線Ｌ３、Ｌ４の間を結ぶ線分Ｐは、分割点（Ｄ：図４、５）の真上にある境界線Ｌ３，Ｌ４上の点ＬＤ３と点ＬＤ４を其々結んでいる。モニター画像に表示することにより、算出したごみの推定量の妥当性を目視で確認できるようにし、流れるごみ形状の視認性を向上できる。 The boundary lines L3 and L4 can also be displayed and visualized on a monitor M that displays a thermal image. FIG. 6 shows a display example of a monitor image. A line segment P connecting the boundary lines L3 and L4 connects the points LD3 and LD4 on the boundary lines L3 and L4, which are directly above the dividing point (D: FIGS. 4 and 5). By displaying on the monitor image, it is possible to visually confirm the validity of the calculated estimated amount of dust, and the visibility of the shape of the flowing dust can be improved.
この線分Ｐについても高さが推定できるため、隣り合う線分Ｐ，Ｐ間のごみ体積の推定が可能である。また、線分Ｐは、直線だけでなく、炉内の実際のごみの堆積状況に合わせ一定の歪率等を持った曲線を設定することもできる。 Since the height of this line segment P can also be estimated, the dust volume between the adjacent line segments P and P can be estimated. The line segment P is not limited to a straight line, and a curve having a certain distortion rate or the like can be set in accordance with the actual dust accumulation state in the furnace.
上記の手法により乾燥ストーカ５ｃ上のごみの推定量Ｖ１、燃焼ストーカ５ｄ上のごみの推定量Ｖ２を、それぞれ算出する。 The estimated amount V1 of dust on the dry stalker 5c and the estimated amount V2 of dust on the combustion stalker 5d are calculated by the above method.
図７は、燃焼制御ブロック図の一例を示している。図７に示すように、焼却炉の能力に応じて設定されたごみ焼却量（Ｋ）から、ごみの低位発熱量（Ｑ）が算出される（Ｓ１）。低位発熱量は、真発熱量ともいい、ごみの総発熱量から水を蒸発させるのに必要なエネルギーを引いた熱量である。 FIG. 7 shows an example of a combustion control block diagram. As shown in FIG. 7, the lower heating value (Q) of the waste is calculated from the waste incineration amount (K) set according to the capacity of the incinerator (S1). The lower calorific value, also called the true calorific value, is a calorific value obtained by subtracting the energy required to evaporate water from the total calorific value of the waste.
設定されたごみ焼却量（Ｋ）と低位発熱量（Ｑ）から、基準ストーカ速度が演算される（Ｓ２）。基準ストーカ速度は、空燃比、燃切位置等の各種補正量により補正されて（Ｓ３）、補正されたストーカ速度を燃焼ストーカ速度として燃焼ストーカが制御される（Ｓ４）。 A reference stalker speed is calculated from the set waste incineration amount (K) and the lower heating value (Q) (S2). The reference stalker speed is corrected by various correction amounts such as the air-fuel ratio and the burnout position (S3), and the combustion stalker is controlled using the corrected stalker speed as the combustion stalker speed (S4).
燃焼ストーカ速度に所定の速度比率を掛ける演算を行い（Ｓ５）、乾燥ストーカ速度を演算する（Ｓ６）。設定されたごみ焼却量（Ｋ）と低位発熱量（Ｑ）から、燃焼ストーカ上のごみ量設定値（Ｗ１）が演算される（Ｓ７）。燃焼ストーカ上のごみの推定量Ｖ１とごみ量設定値（Ｗ１）とを比較して偏差を補正量として乾燥ストーカ速度に加えて、目標となる燃焼ストーカ上のごみ量設定値（Ｗ１）にごみの推定量Ｖ１が近付くように燃焼ストーカ速度を補正制御する（Ｓ８）。 An operation of multiplying the combustion stalker speed by a predetermined speed ratio is performed (S5), and a dry stalker speed is calculated (S6). From the set waste incineration amount (K) and the lower heating value (Q), the set amount of waste (W1) on the combustion stoker is calculated (S7). The estimated waste amount V1 on the combustion stoker is compared with the waste amount setting value (W1), and the deviation is added to the dry stoker speed as a correction amount, and the target waste amount setting value (W1) on the combustion stoker is set. The combustion stalker speed is corrected and controlled so that the estimated amount V1 approaches (S8).
また、乾燥ストーカ速度に所定の速度比率を掛ける演算を行い（Ｓ９）、給じん速度を演算する（Ｓ１０）。設定されたごみ焼却量（Ｋ）と低位発熱量（Ｑ）から、乾燥ストーカ上のごみ量設定値（Ｗ２）が演算される（Ｓ１１）。乾燥ストーカ上のごみの推定量Ｖ２とごみ量設定値（Ｗ２）とを比較して偏差を補正量として給じん速度に加えて、目標となる乾燥ストーカ上のごみ量設定値にごみの推定量Ｖ２が近付くように給じん速度を補正制御する（Ｓ１２）。 Further, a calculation for multiplying the drying stoker speed by a predetermined speed ratio is performed (S9), and the feeding speed is calculated (S10). From the set waste incineration amount (K) and the lower heating value (Q), the set amount of waste on the dry stoker (W2) is calculated (S11). The estimated amount V2 of dust on the dry stoker is compared with the set amount of waste (W2), and the deviation is added to the feed rate as a correction amount, and the estimated amount of dust is added to the target set amount of waste on the dry stoker. The feed speed is corrected and controlled so that V2 approaches (S12).
図８は、ごみ量による速度の補正制御の一例を示す。図８に示すように、ごみ量の設定値（Ｋ）に対して所定範囲の適正範囲（Ｒ）が設定され、ごみの推定量が適正範囲（Ｒ）内にある時は速度補正量が維持される。ごみの推定量が適正範囲（Ｒ）を超えている時は速度補正量が減らされ、一方、ごみの推定量が適正範囲（Ｒ）より少ない場合は速度補正量が増やされる。 FIG. 8 shows an example of speed correction control based on the amount of dust. As shown in FIG. 8, when an appropriate range (R) within a predetermined range is set with respect to the set value (K) of the waste amount, and the estimated amount of waste is within the appropriate range (R), the speed correction amount is maintained. Is done. When the estimated amount of garbage exceeds the appropriate range (R), the speed correction amount is decreased. On the other hand, when the estimated amount of dust is less than the appropriate range (R), the speed correction amount is increased.
例えば、燃焼ストーカ上のごみ推定量Ｖ１が燃焼ストーカ上のごみ量の適正範囲（Ｒ）を超えている時は、乾燥ストーカ速度を減速させて燃焼ストーカ上へのごみの供給を減らし、逆に、燃焼ストーカ上のごみ推定量Ｖ１が燃焼ストーカ上のごみ量の適正範囲（Ｒ）より少ない場合は、乾燥ストーカ速度を増速させて燃焼ストーカ上のごみの量を増やす。燃焼ストーカ上のごみ推定量Ｖ１が燃焼ストーカ上のごみ量の適正範囲（Ｒ）内にある時は、乾燥ストーカ速度は維持される。 For example, when the estimated waste amount V1 on the combustion stoker exceeds the appropriate range (R) of the waste amount on the combustion stoker, the drying stoker speed is reduced to reduce the supply of waste on the combustion stoker, and conversely When the estimated waste amount V1 on the combustion stoker is smaller than the appropriate range (R) of the waste amount on the combustion stoker, the dry stoker speed is increased to increase the amount of dust on the combustion stoker. When the estimated waste amount V1 on the combustion stoker is within the appropriate range (R) of the waste amount on the combustion stoker, the dry stoker speed is maintained.
また、乾燥ストーカ上のごみ推定量Ｖ２が乾燥ストーカ上のごみ量の適正範囲（Ｒ）を超えている時は、給じん速度を減速させて乾燥ストーカ上へのごみの供給を減らし、逆に、乾燥ストーカ上のごみ推定量Ｖ２が乾燥ストーカ上のごみ量の適正範囲（Ｒ）より少ない場合は、給じん速度を増速させて乾燥ストーカ上のごみの量を増やす。乾燥ストーカ上のごみ推定量Ｖ２が乾燥ストーカ上のごみ量の適正範囲（Ｒ）内にある時は、給じん速度は維持される。 If the estimated waste amount V2 on the dry stalker exceeds the appropriate range (R) of the waste amount on the dry stalker, the feed rate will be reduced to reduce the supply of waste to the dry stalker, and conversely When the estimated waste amount V2 on the dry stoker is smaller than the appropriate range (R) of the dust amount on the dry stoker, the dust supply speed is increased to increase the amount of dust on the dry stoker. When the estimated waste amount V2 on the dry stoker is within the appropriate range (R) of the waste amount on the dry stoker, the feeding speed is maintained.
また、詳細を図示しないが、廃熱ボイラ７の蒸気温度、燃焼室ガス温度、排ガス分析値等が検出され、これらの検出データも、撮像手段１０からの熱画像データとともにコントローラ１１に供給され得る。コントローラ１１は、目標焼却量、目標蒸発量、空気過剰率等が設定され、ファジイ制御システムや自己回帰モデル制御システム等により、いわゆる自動燃焼制御（ＡＣＣ：Automatic Combustion Control）を行うことができる。自動燃焼制御では、ストーカ速度、ごみ供給量、燃焼用空気供給量が制御され得る。 Although not shown in detail, the steam temperature of the waste heat boiler 7, the combustion chamber gas temperature, the exhaust gas analysis value, and the like are detected, and these detection data can also be supplied to the controller 11 together with the thermal image data from the imaging means 10. . The controller 11 is set with a target incineration amount, a target evaporation amount, an excess air ratio, and the like, and can perform so-called automatic combustion control (ACC) by a fuzzy control system, an autoregressive model control system, or the like. In the automatic combustion control, the stoker speed, the dust supply amount, and the combustion air supply amount can be controlled.
上記構成を有する燃焼制御システムによれば、ストーカ上のごみ量の最適化が可能となり、ごみの乾燥から燃焼迄の最適化を図ることができる。また、最適な燃焼制御が実現できるため、発電設備を有するごみ処理施設では、蒸発量の安定と排ガス量の最小化により発電効率のアップが実現可能となる。また、局部的な高温燃焼による火格子損傷、炉壁損傷等の異常傾向の頻度が軽減され、ごみ焼却炉の安定した稼働を図ることができる。また、既設の焼却施設にも安価で容易に設置できるため、適用範囲が広い。更に、焼却施設の運転が容易になるため、運転員の資質に依存する必要がなく、また人員の削減による省力化も図られる。 According to the combustion control system having the above-described configuration, it is possible to optimize the amount of dust on the stoker, and optimization from dust drying to combustion can be achieved. In addition, since optimal combustion control can be realized, in a waste treatment facility having a power generation facility, power generation efficiency can be improved by stabilizing the evaporation amount and minimizing the amount of exhaust gas. In addition, the frequency of abnormal trends such as grate damage and furnace wall damage due to local high-temperature combustion is reduced, and stable operation of the waste incinerator can be achieved. In addition, it can be easily installed in existing incineration facilities at a low cost, so the application range is wide. Furthermore, since the operation of the incineration facility becomes easy, it is not necessary to depend on the qualities of the operators, and labor saving can be achieved by reducing the number of personnel.
本発明は、上記実施形態に限定解釈されず、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更が可能である。例えば、上記実施形態ではストーカ速度と給じん速度を制御しているが、ごみ推定量に基づいて、乾燥ストーカへ供給する乾燥空気の供給量や温度を最適化制御することもできるし、燃焼用空気の温度を最適化制御することもできる。 The present invention is not construed as being limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, although the stoker speed and the feeding speed are controlled in the above embodiment, the supply amount and temperature of the dry air supplied to the dry stoker can be optimized and controlled based on the estimated amount of dust. It is also possible to optimize the air temperature.
１ ストーカ式焼却炉
２ 炉本体
２ａ 内壁面
２ｂ 内壁面
４ 給じん装置
５ ストーカ
５ｃ 乾燥ストーカ
５ｄ 燃焼ストーカ
５ｅ 後燃焼ストーカ
５ｆ ストーカ駆動装置
５ｇ ストーカ駆動装置
５ｈ ストーカ駆動装置
１０ 撮像手段
１１ コントローラ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stoker type incinerator 2 Furnace main body 2a Inner wall surface 2b Inner wall surface 4 Dust supply device 5 Stoker 5c Dry stalker 5d Combustion stalker 5e Post combustion stalker 5f Stoker drive device 5g Stoker drive device 5h Stoker drive device 10 Imaging means 11 Controller
Claims (5)
前記撮像手段によって撮像された熱画像のオプティカルフローを用いて前記ストーカ上のごみと前記炉本体の両側の内壁面との境界線を検出し、前記ストーカ上の所定エリアのごみの推定量を算出するコントローラと、
を備えることを特徴とする、焼却炉内のごみ量推定機能を備える燃焼制御システム。 Imaging means for capturing the thermal image of the waste conveyed over the stoker in the furnace body of the incinerator through the flame;
Using an optical flow of the thermal image captured by the imaging means, a boundary line between the dust on the stoker and the inner wall surfaces on both sides of the furnace body is detected, and an estimated amount of dust in a predetermined area on the stoker is calculated. A controller to
A combustion control system having a function of estimating the amount of waste in an incinerator.
The controller calculates an average height of the boundary line in the predetermined area, and calculates an estimated amount of dust in the predetermined area from the average height and the area of the predetermined area. A combustion control system having a function of estimating the amount of waste in the incinerator described in 1.
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| WO2021075489A1 (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-22 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Combustion state evaluation method and combustion control method |
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