JP2006118744A - Monitoring device of molten slag flow - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To automatically monitor a slag flow and find a sign of deterioration of the slag flow at high precision. <P>SOLUTION: The monitoring device 1 of molten slag flow is provided with: a three-dimension form measuring means 5 for measuring a three-dimensional form of the molten slag 4 by simultaneously observing the molten slag 4 falling down from a discharging port 3 of a furnace 2 from different directions; and a discharging property determining means 6 for determining discharging property of the molten slag 4 whether "good" or "defect", using input information D1 including at least the three-dimensional form of the molten slag 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for monitoring molten slag flow. More specifically, the present invention relates to a monitoring device for molten slag flow in a coal gasification furnace in a coal gasification combined power plant or the like.

  Coal gasification combined cycle power generation enables much higher efficiency than conventional pulverized coal-fired power generation, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and reducing unburned ash content. Is excellent. Against this background, various coal gasification furnaces have been developed. In the coal gasification furnace, the ash content in the coal is melted in the furnace and discharged out of the furnace as slag. The operation of the plant is impossible unless slag discharge is secured. Conventionally, the proper discharge of slag is monitored by a 24-hour visual inspection by an operation supervisor.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, in the sludge treatment technology that melts sludge incineration ash into slag, a thermal image of the slag discharge port in the furnace is taken, and the gate opening degree and solidified slag growth degree are calculated from the taken thermal image. And the technique which determines the stability of a slag discharge port by an expert system by using these gate opening degree and solidification slag growth degree as a parameter is disclosed.

JP 2000-257839 A

  However, when monitoring the proper discharge of slag by visual observation by the operation supervisor 24 hours, it is highly dependent on the experience and ability of the operator because the slag discharge performance is judged by the operator's subjectivity. The plant is not operated on a consistent basis. For this reason, a mechanism for automatically monitoring the slag flow and further automatically avoiding the blockage of the slag discharge part is desired.

  On the other hand, in the technique of Patent Document 1, a gate opening degree and a solidified slag growth degree are calculated based on a two-dimensional image photographed by one camera. An actual slag flow has a three-dimensional shape, and it is not possible to accurately grasp in what shape the slag flow occupies the field in three dimensions only from a two-dimensional image viewed from one direction. Is possible. For this reason, there is a problem that the technology of Patent Document 1 cannot accurately determine the stability of the slag discharge port.

  In addition, in order to improve the slag fluidity when the slag discharge performance is determined to be poor, usually a measure is taken to increase the slag temperature, but this measure may greatly reduce the performance of the furnace. is there. For example, in a coal gasification furnace, since the calorie | heat amount of the input coal is used for melting | dissolving slag, there exists a close relationship between the fluidity | liquidity of molten slag and the combustion state of coal. In general, a coal gasification furnace improves gasification efficiency by operating at a lower air ratio as shown in FIG. 6 (refer to the graph indicated by symbol B in the figure and the vertical axis on the right side in the figure). ), The slag fluidity deteriorates due to a decrease in the furnace temperature due to operation at a low air ratio (see the graph indicated by symbol A in the figure and the vertical axis on the left side in the figure). Therefore, from the viewpoint of maintaining plant efficiency, it is desired to operate at a low air ratio as much as possible within a range in which slag flow / dischargeability can be secured. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, operation is performed at an air ratio that guarantees the minimum temperature at which slag can be discharged, and the gasifier efficiency reaches the maximum value at the minimum operable air ratio (see point C in the figure). (See point D in the figure). However, in actual operation, an air ratio higher than the air ratio indicated by points C and D in FIG. 6 is set for safety. However, even if the air ratio is set to be high, the slag temperature is not stabilized due to insufficient accuracy of the slag viscosity-temperature characteristic data, disturbances caused by various components, and the like, and troubles of poor slag discharge frequently occur. On the other hand, simply increasing the air ratio unnecessarily results in a decrease in gasification efficiency, as is apparent from FIG. It is difficult to quickly take measures to avoid the blockage of the slag discharge part without degrading the performance of the furnace, and the trouble response of the slag discharge failure is largely dependent on the experience and ability of the operator.

  Conventionally, when the fluidity of slag deteriorates, slag clogged in the discharge section is melted using a slag melting burner. It cannot be a drastic solution to normalize fluidity. The deterioration of slag fluidity is a problem caused by the fact that the operating conditions of the furnace and the slag melting / flow characteristics are not matched. To solve this problem essentially, the operating conditions of the furnace are changed. There is a need to.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device for a molten slag flow that can automatically monitor the slag flow and detect a sign of deterioration of the slag flow with high accuracy. Another object of the present invention is to provide a molten slag flow monitoring device capable of automatically avoiding clogging of the slag discharge section and automatically setting the operating conditions that maximize the performance of the furnace.

  In order to achieve this object, the molten slag flow monitoring device according to claim 1 measures the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag by simultaneously observing the molten slag flowing down from the furnace outlet from different directions. And a dischargeability determination unit for determining whether the molten slag discharge is “good” or “bad” based on input information including at least the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag.

  Therefore, it is possible to automatically detect a sign of the deterioration of the flow of the molten slag by monitoring the shape of the molten slag that occupies the field in three dimensions. For example, when the space occupancy of molten slag is calculated and the space occupancy is outside the normal value range, it can be determined that the slag discharge property is “bad”.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the molten slag flow monitoring device according to the first aspect, wherein the three-dimensional shape measuring means is an optical means disposed at least at three or more locations in the circumferential direction of the molten slag. Is used to detect the plane coordinates of a total of six or more points of contact formed on the cross section by the tangent line connecting the cross section and the optical means at a fixed coordinate point in the axial direction of the molten slag streak flowing down from the discharge port. Then, an elliptic curve including all six points of contact is obtained from the values of the plane coordinates, and the data represented by the elliptic curve is obtained hierarchically with respect to the axial direction of the molten slag stripe, thereby obtaining a three-dimensional for each molten slag stripe. The surface shape is obtained, and thereby, the three-dimensional surface shape for all the streaks of the molten slag flowing down from the discharge port is obtained. In this case, it is possible to easily and accurately measure the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag by regarding each line of the molten slag flow flowing down from the discharge port as a columnar object having an elliptical cross section without a dent.

  The third aspect of the invention is the apparatus for monitoring a molten slag flow according to the first or second aspect, further comprising temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the molten slag, wherein the input information includes the temperature information of the molten slag. Yes. In this case, the viscosity and surface tension of the slag greatly affect the dischargeability of the molten slag, and since these slag properties are highly dependent on temperature, the temperature information of the molten slag is used to determine whether the molten slag dischargeability is good or bad. By adding to the material, the accuracy and reliability of the determination can be further improved.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the molten slag flow monitoring device according to the first or second aspect, the optical means is an imaging means for photographing a two-dimensional image of the molten slag, and the luminance of the plurality of two-dimensional images. Further, a temperature measuring means for obtaining a three-dimensional surface temperature distribution of the molten slag based on the distribution and obtaining a three-dimensional surface temperature distribution of the molten slag based on the correlation between the luminance and the temperature is provided, and the input information is melted. It includes slag temperature information. In this case, a three-dimensional surface temperature distribution can be obtained using a plurality of two-dimensional images for measuring a three-dimensional shape. Thereby, the more accurate temperature distribution of the molten slag can be grasped, and the accuracy and reliability of the determination of slag discharge quality can be further improved.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the molten slag flow monitoring device according to the third or fourth aspect, the discharge quality determining means includes at least a past three-dimensional shape of the molten slag and temperature information of the molten slag. By comparing the slag information database in which case information is classified and recorded as either “good” or “bad” for slag discharge, and the case information recorded in the slag information database and the input information Pattern recognition means for determining whether the input information corresponds to “good” or “bad” in terms of slag discharge performance is provided. In this case, the slag discharge quality is automatically determined by pattern recognition based on past cases accumulated in the slag information database.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the molten slag flow monitoring device according to the fifth aspect, the input information determined to be “good” or “bad” for the slag discharge performance is stored in the slag information database as new case information. I try to add it. In this case, the shape and temperature range of the molten slag at the time of proper operation is updated sequentially, and the more the operation results are accumulated, the more the slag discharge performance is higher while the pattern recognition means autonomously learns the characteristics of the furnace. Can be judged.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the molten slag flow monitoring device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the dischargeability of the molten slag is determined to be “defective” in the dischargeability determination means. In this case, an operation parameter setting means for automatically setting the operation parameter value of the furnace for improving the fluidity of the molten slag is further provided. In this case, automatic operation of the furnace can be performed so that the molten slag is not clogged with the discharge port.

  Further, according to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the molten slag flow monitoring device according to the seventh aspect, the operation parameter setting means includes a plurality of operation parameter values that improve the fluidity of the molten slag, and Optimal parameter selection means for selecting a combination that maximizes the target performance value is provided. In this case, it is possible to derive an operating condition that provides the highest efficiency within a range where stable discharge of molten slag is possible, and it is possible to simultaneously achieve slag flow / discharge performance and plant efficiency maintenance.

  Thus, according to the molten slag flow monitoring device of claim 1, the discharge of the molten slag is performed based on the three-dimensional shape measuring means for measuring the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag and the input information including at least the three-dimensional shape. And a discharge quality determining means for determining whether the molten slag is “good” or “bad”. Therefore, by monitoring the shape of the molten slag that occupies the field in three dimensions, It is possible to automatically detect signs of fluid deterioration. Since the slag discharge quality determination is automatically performed by the discharge quality determination means, it is possible to eliminate individual differences in judgments depending on the level of skill of the operator, and to reduce the burden on the operator. Also, for example, the space occupancy rate of the molten slag can be calculated based on the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag, the quality of the slag discharge can be determined based on the space occupancy rate, and the slag based only on the two-dimensional image viewed from one direction The accuracy and reliability of the determination can be greatly improved as compared with the quality determination of the discharge property.

  Further, according to the molten slag flow monitoring device according to claim 2, each streaks of the molten slag flow flowing down from the discharge port is regarded as a columnar object having an elliptical cross section without dents, and is easily and accurately melted. The three-dimensional shape of the slag can be measured.

  Furthermore, according to the molten slag flow monitoring device according to claim 3, further comprising a temperature measuring means, and the temperature information of the molten slag is included in the input information. In addition, the accuracy and reliability of determination can be further improved.

  Furthermore, according to the monitoring apparatus for the molten slag flow according to claim 4, since a three-dimensional surface temperature distribution can be obtained using a plurality of two-dimensional images for measuring a three-dimensional shape, it is more accurate. Therefore, it is possible to easily obtain a temperature distribution of the molten slag, and to further improve the accuracy and reliability of determination of whether or not the slag discharge property is good.

  Furthermore, according to the monitoring apparatus of the molten slag flow described in claim 5, it is possible to automatically determine whether or not the slag is discharged by pattern recognition based on past cases accumulated in the slag information database.

  Furthermore, according to the monitoring apparatus of the molten slag flow according to claim 6, since the input information determined to be “good” or “bad” with respect to the slag discharge property is added to the slag information database as new case information, the proper operation As the temperature and temperature range of the molten slag is sequentially updated and the operation results are accumulated, the pattern recognition means autonomously learns the characteristics of the furnace and can judge the quality of the slag discharge performance with higher accuracy. It becomes like this.

  Furthermore, according to the monitoring apparatus for molten slag flow according to claim 7, when it is determined that the discharge property of the molten slag is “bad”, the operation parameter value of the furnace for improving the fluidity of the molten slag is automatically set. Since the operation parameter setting means for setting is further provided, the furnace can be automatically operated so that the molten slag is not clogged by the discharge port.

  Furthermore, according to the monitoring apparatus for molten slag flow according to claim 8, a combination that maximizes the target performance value of the furnace is selected from among a plurality of combinations of operating parameter values that improve the fluidity of the molten slag. Therefore, it is possible to derive the operating conditions that can achieve the highest efficiency within the range where stable discharge of molten slag is possible, and to ensure the slag flow and discharge performance and maintain the plant efficiency at the same time. Can do.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

  1 to 5 show an embodiment of a monitoring apparatus for molten slag flow according to the present invention. The molten slag flow monitoring device 1 includes a three-dimensional shape measuring means 5 for measuring the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4 by simultaneously observing the molten slag 4 flowing down from the outlet 3 of the furnace 2 from different directions, and a molten slag. Ejection quality determination means 6 for determining whether the molten slag 4 is discharged is “good” or “bad” based on input information D1 including at least four three-dimensional shapes.

  For example, this embodiment demonstrates the example which applied this invention to the coal gasifier shown in FIG. However, the furnace 2 to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to a coal gasification furnace, and may be another gasification furnace, a furnace that melts sludge incineration ash to form slag, or the like.

  In addition, the three-dimensional shape measuring means 5 of the present embodiment uses the optical means 7 arranged at least at three or more positions at intervals in the circumferential direction of the molten slag 4, and the molten slag 4 flowing down from the discharge port 3 is used. The plane coordinates of a total of six or more contacts formed on the cross section are detected by tangent lines connecting the cross section at a fixed coordinate point in the axial direction of the muscle and the optical means 7, and the six points of contact are determined from the values of the plane coordinates. Is obtained, and the data represented by the elliptic curve is obtained hierarchically with respect to the axial direction of the molten slag 4 streak, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional surface shape for each streak of the molten slag 4, thereby The three-dimensional surface shape of all the streaks of the molten slag 4 flowing down from 3 is obtained. In the three-dimensional shape measuring means 5, each streak of the molten slag flow 4 flowing down from the discharge port 3 is regarded as a columnar object having an elliptical cross section with no dent. This assumption is sufficiently established from past monitoring images and recorded photographs of the molten slag flow 4.

  The optical means 7 is, for example, a CCD camera as an imaging means for taking a two-dimensional image D2 of the molten slag 4. However, in addition to the CCD camera as the image pickup means, it is possible to use optical means 7 using laser light or other light rays. In the case of the optical means 7 using light rays, it is necessary to scan the light rays in the axial direction along the streaks of the molten slag flow 4, whereas according to the CCD camera, the entire image of the molten slag 4 is obtained. And all necessary operations can be performed on this image. Hereinafter, the CCD camera as the optical means 7 is referred to as a CCD camera 7.

  For example, in the present embodiment, three CCD cameras 7 are installed at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction centering on the axial direction of the discharge port 3, vertically below the discharge port 3. Here, when the molten slag 4 is discharged well from the discharge port 3, the molten slag flow 4 usually flows down from the discharge port 3 as two lines. Each CCD camera 7 is installed so that each field of view covers the entire area where the two streaks will flow down. Further, each CCD camera 7 is installed so that the two streaks do not overlap each other when viewed from each CCD camera 7. In addition, the focus of each CCD camera 7 is adjusted so that a sharp image of the molten slag 4 can be obtained.

The installation positions of the three CCD cameras 7 are specified as three-dimensional coordinate points that are distances from the reference coordinate points (x ₀ , y ₀ , z ₀ ), and between the optical axes of the three CCD cameras 7. The angle is also specified. Since the outline of each streak of the molten slag flow 4 is projected on each CCD camera 7, the contact point for the cross section of each streak of the molten slag flow 4 is specified from the image obtained from each CCD camera 7, and the reference of the contact point The value of the plane coordinates (x _i , y _i ) from the coordinate point can be obtained. The values of the plane coordinates (x _i , y _i ) based on these contact points are the axial directions (in other words, the height direction) of the molten slag flow 4 on the entire image obtained by photographing the molten slag flow 4. Alternatively, it can be obtained with respect to a cross section at an arbitrary position in the vertical direction), that is, at an arbitrary coordinate point (z _i ). For the detection of the pixel serving as the contact point, an existing image processing technique such as an edge (contour information) detection process can be used as appropriate.

When the molten slag 4 is discharged satisfactorily, the molten slag flow 4 usually flows as two streaks and flows down from the discharge port 3, so that the plane coordinates (x _i , y _i ) Is obtained for each pair of coordinates (z _i ) by two sets (two sets per set for a total of four points). On the other hand, when the streaks of the molten slag flow 4 overlap when viewed from the CCD camera 7, the plane coordinates (x _i ) for one coordinate point (z _i ) obtained from each CCD camera 7. , Y _i ) will not match the number of pairs. In such a case, an error signal may be output from the three-dimensional shape measuring means 5 (see S3 in FIG. 3). When this error signal is output (S3; Yes), it can be considered that the molten slag 4 has transitioned from a normal flow state to an abnormal flow state. Therefore, the error signal may be used as a trigger signal for the dischargeability determining unit 6 to determine that the dischargeability of the molten slag 4 is “bad”.

For example, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show two plane coordinates (x ₁ , y) by two contact points detected by the first CCD camera 7a for one streak of the molten slag flow 4 at a certain height position (z _i ). ₁ ) (x ₂ , y ₂ ), two plane coordinates (x ₃ , y ₃ ) (x ₄ , y ₄ ) are similarly detected by the second CCD camera 7b, and two are detected by the third CCD camera 7c. plane coordinate _{(x 5,} y ₅₎ shows an example of detecting a _{(x 6, y} 6). Note that FIG. 5 shows a perspective view (perspective view) of the x-y-z space, Figure 4 shows the the x-y plane view in _{z i} cross-section in FIG. Therefore, by using at least three CCD cameras 7, a total of six plane coordinate values (x _i , y _i , i = 1 to 6) can be obtained for one streak of the molten slag flow 4.

In order to draw an elliptic curve including all of the six plane coordinate values, the following mathematical formula 1 known mathematically is used.
<Formula 1>
C ₀ x ² + C ₁ y ² + C ₂ xy + C ₃ x + C ₄ y + C ₅ = 0
here,
C ₀ ~C _5: coefficient of determination

From the values of the six plane coordinates (x _i , y _i , i = 1 to 6), Equation 1 is expressed by the simultaneous equations shown in Equation 2 below.
<Formula 2>
C ₀ x ₁ ² + C ₁ y ₁ ² + C ₂ x ₁ y ₁ + C ₃ x ₁ + C ₄ y ₁ + C ₅ = 0
C ₀ x ₂ ² + C ₁ y ₂ ² + C ₂ x ₂ y ₂ + C ₃ x ₂ + C ₄ y ₂ + C ₅ = 0
C ₀ x ₃ ² + C ₁ y ₃ ² + C ₂ x ₃ y ₃ + C ₃ x ₃ + C ₄ y ₃ + C ₅ = 0
^{_{C 0 x 4 2 + C 1}} y 4 2 + C 2 x 4 y 4 + C 3 x 4 + C 4 y 4 + C 5 = 0
^{_{C 0 x 5 2 + C 1}} y 5 2 + C 2 x 5 y 5 + C 3 x 5 + C 4 y 5 + C 5 = 0
^{_{C 0 x 6 2 + C 1}} y 6 2 + C 2 x 6 y 6 + C 3 x 6 + C 4 y 6 + C 5 = 0

The determination coefficients C _{0 to} C ₅ are determined by solving the above simultaneous equations, and an elliptic curve representing the cross-sectional shape of one streak of the molten slag flow 4 is obtained. This elliptic curve is determined for each streak of the molten slag flow 4 and is hierarchically determined with respect to the axial direction of the streaks of the molten slag 4. In this way, by obtaining an elliptic curve representing the cross-sectional shape of each line of the molten slag flow 4 while scanning z _i in the z-axis direction, the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag flow 4 can be obtained as a wire frame model, for example. Can be obtained (S1, S2 in FIG. 3).

  Here, for example, the monitoring device 1 for the molten slag flow 4 of the present embodiment further includes a temperature measuring means 8 for measuring the temperature of the molten slag 4, and the input information D <b> 1 to the discharge quality determining means 6 is melted. In addition to the three-dimensional shape of the slag 4, temperature information of the molten slag 4 is also included. The discharge property of the molten slag 4 is greatly influenced by the viscosity and surface tension of the slag, and the physical properties of these slags are highly dependent on temperature. For this reason, determination accuracy and reliability can be improved by adding the temperature information of the molten slag 4 to the determination material for determining whether or not the molten slag is discharged.

  In the temperature measuring means 8 of this embodiment, for example, the luminance distribution of the surface of the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4 is obtained based on the luminance distribution of the plurality of two-dimensional images D2 obtained by the plurality of CCD cameras 7, and the luminance and temperature are determined. Based on this correlation, the three-dimensional surface temperature distribution of the molten slag 4 is obtained (S4 in FIG. 3). For example, infrared rays transmitted through the infrared filter can be captured by the monochrome CCD camera 7 as a grayscale luminance distribution. Further, the gray scale luminance distribution can be converted into a temperature distribution by using a luminance-temperature conversion table calibrated in advance by a radiation thermometer or the like.

Moreover, in order to measure the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4, in each two-dimensional image D2 photographed by a plurality of CCD cameras 7, it corresponds to each point on the surface of the molten slag 4 imaged in the two-dimensional image D2. The three-dimensional coordinates (x _i , y _i , z _i ) to be obtained can be obtained by calculation. Therefore, the luminance value of the surface of the molten slag 4 copied in each two-dimensional image D2 can be pasted on the wire frame model representing the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4. Thereby, the luminance distribution on the surface of the three-dimensional molten slag 4 can be obtained. It should be noted that when pasting luminance values onto the three-dimensional shape, an existing image such as a smoothing process that interpolates or corrects luminance values so that the luminance values at the junctions between the two-dimensional images D2 and D2 are smoothly connected. Processing techniques may be used as appropriate. A three-dimensional surface temperature distribution can be obtained by using the above-described luminance-temperature conversion table for the three-dimensional luminance distribution obtained as described above. As described above, according to the temperature measuring unit 8 of the present embodiment, a three-dimensional surface temperature distribution can be obtained using a plurality of two-dimensional images D2 for measuring a three-dimensional shape.

  The discharge quality determining unit 6 of the present embodiment is such that the case information including at least the past three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4 and the temperature information of the molten slag 4 is “good” or “bad” in terms of slag discharge. By comparing the slag information database 9 classified and recorded with the case information recorded in the slag information database 9 and the input information D1, the input information D1 is “good” or “bad” with respect to slag discharge. Pattern recognition means 10 for determining which one of the two is applicable.

  The case information accumulated in the slag information database 9 includes, for example, slag composition information, furnace information, operating condition information, in addition to the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4 and the surface temperature distribution information of the molten slag 4. Is included.

The temperature-dependent characteristics of slag physical properties such as slag viscosity and surface tension, which have a great influence on the dischargeability of the molten slag 4, are governed by the proportion of various minerals constituting the slag (ie, slag composition). The main constituent materials of the molten slag 4 discharged in the coal gasification furnace 2 are specifically FeO, Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO, SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O _3, etc. It changes dramatically depending on the type of coal used as fuel for the gasifier 2. Therefore, in this embodiment, coal type information is used as the slag composition information. By including the coal type information in the case information, it is possible to define an appropriate slag shape range and temperature range that ensure good discharge of the molten slag 4 for each coal type.

  In addition, the temperature-dependent characteristics of slag properties are expected to vary depending on the furnace shape and type of furnace. By including the furnace information indicating the furnace shape and the furnace type in the case information, it is possible to define an appropriate slag shape range and temperature range for ensuring good discharge of the molten slag 4 for each furnace. Furthermore, by including the operating condition information in the case information, for example, the operating conditions including the amount of fuel (coal) input, the amount of gasifier gas (air) input, the amount of heat loss to the furnace wall, and the shape of the slag at that time And temperature can be grasped correspondingly.

  Further, for example, in the present embodiment, a support vector machine is used for the slag discharge quality determination process executed by the pattern recognition unit 10. A support vector machine (also referred to as “Support Vector Machine” or “SVM”) is one of the most well-known pattern identification methods having the best pattern identification capability.

  For the pattern recognition means 10, learning is performed in advance as follows, for example. For example, for each set of case information, a trained operator or the like gives correct answer data indicating either “good” or “bad” regarding the slag discharge performance to the pattern recognition means 10. Here, the set of case information refers to, for example, the shape of the molten slag 4, the temperature distribution at that time, the operating conditions, the coal type, the shape of the furnace, and the like. Using the case information and the correct answer data as teacher data, the pattern recognition means 10 uses the given teacher data to generate an identification surface that separates a plurality of case information into “good” and “bad” by the SVM algorithm. To do. A highly accurate identification surface is formed by learning using a lot of case information. In addition, you may make it form the said identification surface according to coal classification and furnace.

  When the input information D1 is given to the pattern recognition unit 10 that has completed the learning, the pattern recognition unit 10 determines that the input information D1 is “good” or “bad” with slag discharge characteristics based on the formed identification surface. It belongs to which one (S5 in FIG. 3). For example, in the input information D1 of the present embodiment, in addition to the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4 and the information on the surface temperature distribution of the molten slag 4, for example, coal type information D3 as slag composition information, furnace information D4, Operation condition information D5 is included. Since the slag discharge quality judgment is automatically performed by the discharge quality judgment means 6, individual differences in judgment depending on the level of skill of the operator can be eliminated, and the burden on the operator can be reduced. .

  Further, for example, in the present embodiment, the input information D1 determined to be “good” or “bad” for slag discharge is added to the slag information database 9 as new case information. Then, the pattern recognition means 10 is re-learned using the expanded slag information database 9 (S8 in FIG. 3). That is, the pattern recognition unit 10 regenerates a new identification surface that separates case information including the added new case information into “good” and “bad”. Thereby, the shape range and temperature range of the molten slag 4 at the time of proper operation are sequentially updated, and the more the operation results are accumulated, the more the pattern recognition means 10 autonomously learns the characteristics of the individual gasifiers 2 while It becomes possible to determine the quality of slag discharge with higher accuracy.

  If the error signal is output from the three-dimensional shape measuring means 5 as a result of overlapping streaks of the molten slag flow 4 seen from the CCD camera 7 (S3 in FIG. 3; Yes), the molten slag 4 is normal. Since it can be considered that the transition from the normal flow state to the abnormal flow state is made, the discharge quality determining unit 6 may immediately determine that the slag discharge property is “bad”.

  Further, in the discharge quality determination unit 6, the space occupancy of the molten slag 4 is calculated based on the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4 included in the input information D1, and the space occupancy is out of the normal value range. In this case, it may be determined that the slag discharge property is “bad”. In this case, it is also possible to determine whether or not the discharge property is good only by the space occupancy of the molten slag 4 without including the temperature information of the molten slag 4 in the input information D1. Of course, in order to improve the reliability of the determination, the temperature information of the molten slag 4 is included in the input information D1, the space occupancy is out of the normal value range, and the temperature of the molten slag 4 is out of the normal value range. In this case, it may be determined that the slag discharge property is “bad”.

The space occupation rate of the molten slag 4 is obtained as follows, for example. That is, the area of the cross section of the molten slag 4 at an arbitrary height position (z _i ) is obtained based on the elliptic curve obtained previously, and the cross section area is integrated in the height direction (z-axis direction). The volume of the molten slag flow 4 is determined. On the other hand, a three-dimensional columnar region having a discharge aperture is defined, and the volume of the columnar region is obtained in advance. Then, “the volume of the molten slag flow / the volume of the three-dimensional columnar region of the discharge port diameter” is defined as the space occupation ratio of the molten slag 4. In the process of decreasing the dischargeability of the molten slag 4, this space occupancy increases due to the deterioration of the slag fluidity or decreases due to the disappearance of the slag flow due to the blockage of the discharge port 3 it is conceivable that. Therefore, this space occupancy can be monitored, and a sign of deterioration of the fluidity of the molten slag 4 can be found based on the amount of displacement of the monitored space occupancy from the value during normal operation.

  Furthermore, the monitoring device 1 of the molten slag flow 4 of the present embodiment, when the dischargeability of the molten slag 4 is determined to be “defective” in the dischargeability determination unit 6 (S5 in FIG. 3; Yes), the molten slag 4 The operation parameter setting means 11 for automatically setting the operation parameter value D6 of the furnace 2 for improving the fluidity of the furnace 2 is provided (S6, S7). Thereby, automatic operation of the furnace 2 can be performed so that the molten slag 4 is not clogged with the discharge port 3. However, the configuration including the operation parameter setting unit 11 is not necessarily limited, and when it is determined that the discharge performance is “bad”, the operator may take a countermeasure.

  The operation parameter setting means 11 of the present embodiment selects, for example, a combination that maximizes the target performance value of the furnace 2 from a combination of a plurality of operation parameter values D6 that improve the fluidity of the molten slag 4. Optimal parameter selection means 12 is provided. The target performance value of the furnace 2 is, for example, the operation efficiency of the furnace 2. However, you may set the quality of the product of the furnace 2, for example, the quality of the gas produced | generated in the coal gasification furnace 2 to the target performance value of the furnace 2 in this embodiment.

  In order to improve the fluidity of the molten slag 4, for example, the temperature in the furnace is increased in order to increase the temperature of the molten slag 4. The optimal parameter selection means 12 is optimal when input information D1 including, for example, the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag 4, the surface temperature distribution of the molten slag 4, coal type information D3, furnace information D4, and operating condition information D5 is input. The calculation algorithm is executed, referring to the evaluation function database 13 in which various performance evaluation functions are stored, the required temperature rise in the furnace temperature for avoiding the blockage of the outlet 3 is calculated, and the temperature rise is calculated. One or a plurality of driving operation targets to be realized and their driving operation amounts are searched, and one or a plurality of driving operation targets and their driving operation amounts that maximize the operation efficiency of the furnace 2 are output from the search results (FIG. 3). S6). The operating conditions of the furnace 2 are automatically changed according to the output from the optimum parameter selection means 12 (S7).

  The operating condition information D5 includes, for example, data such as the amount of air input and fuel input that are inputs to the gasification furnace 2, the amount of generated char that is the output of the gasification furnace 2, the characteristics of the generated char, and the carbon conversion in the furnace Data (gasification performance data) such as rate, generated gas flow rate, generated gas heating value, cold gas efficiency, and combustor carbon conversion rate. The operation parameter value D6 is an operation amount for the operation target, and is basically an input operation to the gasification furnace 2, and thus becomes an air input amount and a fuel input amount. However, normally, the gasification furnace 2 is provided with a plurality of inlets, and the temperature distribution and output in the furnace 2 change depending on how much distribution is made to each inlet. The distribution ratio is also represented by the operation parameter value D6. Specific examples of the operation parameter value D6 include combustor coal flow rate, reductor coal flow rate, char flow rate, combustor coal burner primary air flow rate / secondary air flow rate, reductor coal burner primary air flow rate, char burner primary air flow rate · 2 There are secondary air flow rates. The performance evaluation function stored in the evaluation function database 13 includes the operation parameter value D6 exemplified above and a gasification performance value (generated char amount, char property, in-furnace carbon conversion rate, generated gas flow rate, generated gas calorific value, Including correlation functions with cold gas efficiency, combustor carbon conversion, etc.). The optimum parameter selection means 12 executes the optimization algorithm using the given input information D1 and the performance evaluation function stored in the evaluation function database 13, can avoid the blockage of the discharge port 3, and can be Find the optimal solution that maximizes the performance of. As the optimization algorithm executed by the optimum parameter selection unit 12, for example, an evolutionary calculation method such as a genetic algorithm (GA) or a robust optimization method is preferably used.

  As shown in FIG. 6, by increasing the operating air ratio, the slag temperature increases and the fluidity of the molten slag 4 is improved, but the efficiency of the gasifier 2 is decreased. According to the operation parameter setting means 11 of the present embodiment, a search is made for other measures for increasing the slag temperature without sacrificing the efficiency of the gasification furnace 2, and if such a measure is found, it is adopted. For example, the temperature of each part of the gasification furnace 2 is controlled by adjusting the flow ratio (C / R) of pulverized coal to be supplied to the combustor and the reductor of the gasification furnace 2 and the secondary air flow ratio for combustion. The slag temperature can be increased without sacrificing the efficiency of the gasification furnace 2.

  In FIG. 1, the system structural example of the monitoring apparatus 1 of the molten slag flow 4 is shown. This monitoring device 1 includes three CCD cameras 7, a synchronous control device 14 that synchronizes these three CCD cameras 7 in order to obtain images simultaneously from these three CCD cameras 7, a three-dimensional shape, and a three-dimensional shape. The image processing device 15 that performs image processing for obtaining the surface temperature distribution of the gas, and the optimization arithmetic device 16 that functions as the discharge quality determination unit 6 and the operation parameter setting unit 11 are provided. Gasification performance data of a gas that is a product of the coal gasification furnace 2 is fed back to the optimization calculation device 16 (see an arrow indicated by a symbol in FIG. 1). In addition, the code | symbol 17 of FIG. 1 is a measuring apparatus which measures the said gasification performance data. The optimization computing device 16 sends control signals to the operation target of the furnace 2 such as the reductor burner 18, the combustor pulverized coal burner 19, the combustor char burner 20, and controls these operation target (see FIG. 1). (See arrow indicated by symbol b). The synchronization control device 14, the image processing device 15, and the optimization calculation device 16 can be realized using, for example, existing computer resources (computer system).

  According to the present invention configured as described above, the shape of the molten slag 4 that occupies the field in three dimensions is monitored, and a sign of deterioration of the flow of the molten slag 4 is automatically discovered. be able to. When there is a risk of blocking the discharge port 3, the operation target and the operation amount for preventing the blockage and maintaining the performance of the furnace 2 are specified by the optimal calculation, and the result of the optimal calculation is obtained. Based on this, the furnace 2 can be automatically operated. As a result, it is possible to derive an operating condition that provides the highest efficiency within the range where stable discharge of the molten slag 4 is possible, and it is possible to simultaneously ensure slag flow and discharge and maintain plant efficiency.

  The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, the furnace 2 to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to the shape and structure shown in FIG. 1, and the present invention can of course be applied to the furnace 2 having other shapes and structures.

  Further, for example, when changing to the optimum operation condition derived by the operation parameter setting means 11, the slag clogged in the discharge part is melted by using a slag melting burner according to the transient characteristics of the gasification furnace 2. Anyway. Since the furnace 2 may become temporarily unstable due to valve operation after changing the operating conditions, use a slag melting burner until the furnace 2 becomes stable (for example, several minutes). Is considered effective.

It is a block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the monitoring apparatus of the molten slag flow of this invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows an example of the monitoring apparatus of the said molten slag flow. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process performed in the monitoring apparatus of the said molten slag flow. It is a perspective view which shows the principle of a three-dimensional shape measurement. It is a top view which shows the principle of a three-dimensional shape measurement. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the operating air ratio in a coal gasifier, the temperature in a gasifier, and gasifier efficiency.

Explanation of symbols

1 Monitoring device for molten slag flow 2 Furnace (coal gasifier)
3 discharge port 4 molten slag 5 3D shape measuring means 6 discharge quality determining means 7 CCD camera (optical means, imaging means)
8 Temperature measurement means 9 Slag information database 10 Pattern recognition means 11 Operation parameter setting means 12 Optimal parameter selection means D1 Input information D2 Two-dimensional image D6 Operation parameter value

Claims (8)

  Based on input information including at least the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag, and three-dimensional shape measuring means for measuring the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag by simultaneously observing the molten slag flowing down from the furnace outlet from different directions, An apparatus for monitoring molten slag flow, comprising: a dischargeability determination unit for determining whether the molten slag discharge is “good” or “bad”.   The three-dimensional shape measuring means uses an optical means arranged at least at three or more positions spaced in the circumferential direction of the molten slag, and the fixed coordinate in the axial direction of the streaks of the molten slag flowing down from the discharge port An ellipse that detects the plane coordinates of a total of six or more points of contact formed on the cross section by a tangent line connecting the cross section at the point and the optical means, and includes all of the six points of contact from the value of the plane coordinates. A curve is obtained, and the data represented by the elliptic curve is hierarchically obtained with respect to the axial direction of the molten slag streak, thereby obtaining a three-dimensional surface shape for each melted slag streak, and thereby flowing down from the discharge port. The apparatus for monitoring a molten slag flow according to claim 1, wherein three-dimensional surface shapes of all the streaks of the molten slag are obtained.   The apparatus for monitoring a molten slag flow according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising temperature measuring means for measuring a temperature of the molten slag, wherein the input information includes temperature information of the molten slag.   The optical means is an imaging means for photographing a two-dimensional image of the molten slag, and obtains a luminance distribution of the surface of the three-dimensional shape of the molten slag based on the luminance distribution of the plurality of two-dimensional images, and calculates luminance and temperature. The temperature measurement means which calculates | requires the three-dimensional surface temperature distribution of the said molten slag based on correlation with this, The temperature information of the said molten slag is included in the said input information, The temperature information of the said molten slag is included. Monitoring device for molten slag flow.   The discharge quality determination means records the case information including at least the three-dimensional shape of the past molten slag and the temperature information of the molten slag, classified as either “good” or “bad” for the slag discharge. Whether the input information corresponds to “good” or “bad” in terms of slag discharge by comparing the input information with the case information recorded in the slag information database. The apparatus for monitoring a molten slag flow according to claim 3 or 4, further comprising pattern recognition means for determining   The molten slag flow monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein the input information determined to be “good” or “bad” for slag discharge is added to the slag information database as new case information.   Operation parameter setting means for automatically setting the operation parameter value of the furnace for improving the fluidity of the molten slag when the dischargeability of the molten slag is determined to be “bad” in the exhaustability determination unit. The molten slag flow monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:   The operating parameter setting means includes optimum parameter selecting means for selecting a combination that maximizes the target performance value of the furnace from a plurality of combinations of the operating parameter values that improve the fluidity of the molten slag. The monitoring apparatus of the molten slag flow of Claim 7 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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