JP2019097434A - Nutrition supply grain - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide nutrition supply grain which includes much organic nitrogen eluted in water and is supplied to aqueous organisms, such as fish and shellfish.SOLUTION: A nutrition supply grain 1 is provided that includes: a core body 2 composed of porous particles and an organic component included in the porous particles; and a coating layer 3 composed of a cured body of the hydraulic composition formed on the surface of core body 2, wherein the organic component includes: a nutritive component composed of one or more selected from among amino acids, peptides and proteins; and a humic substance, and wherein the humic substance is preferably a humic acid. The hydraulic composition preferably includes cement. The thickness of the covering layer is preferably 1 to 8 mm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to granules for nutrition.

In recent years, a phenomenon called so-called scorching has been identified in which seaweeds in the sea decrease in various parts of the coastal waters of Japan. Skewers are responsible for the deterioration of the marine environment such as loss of fish and shellfish housing places and spawning grounds, loss of food and the like, as well as the reduction of fish catch due to the deterioration. Causes of scorching include rising sea water temperature, decreasing nutrient components supplied from rivers, and feeding damage by algae-feeding animals such as sea urchins.
As a method of improving scorching, Patent Document 1 discloses a core body obtained by impregnating a liquid substance containing a nutrient component and water with a water-absorbent granular body, and a hydraulic composition coated on the surface of the core body. It is described that the nutrient component which becomes a nutrient source such as algae is eluted in water by leaving the granules for nutrient supply consisting of a coating layer made of a substance in water.
In addition, as a member capable of forming fish reefs and algae reefs in which aquatic life is inhabited, Patent Document 2 discloses aquatic organism granules for supplying a collection component or a nutrient component to aquatic life with water permeability. A member for fish reefs or algae reefs characterized in that they are housed in a housing means is described.

JP, 2016-67301, A JP, 2017-93425, A

In particles for nutrition supply in Patent Document 1 and particles for aquatic organisms in Patent Document 2, the particle size of a core body containing a nutrient component, which constitutes the particles, and a coating layer covering the core body By adjusting the thickness of (1), it is possible to adjust the elution amount of the nutrient component from the granules.
However, when the particle size of the core body is increased or the thickness of the coating layer is decreased in order to increase the elution amount of the nutrient component, there is a problem that the strength of the particles decreases.
Here, organic nitrogen contained in amino acids, proteins and the like is an important nutrient component for fish and shellfish and algae. However, when amino acids, proteins, etc. come in contact with an alkaline substance such as cement that forms the above-mentioned covering layer, some of the organic nitrogen contained in the amino acids, proteins, etc. becomes ammonia and the organic state dissolves from the granules There is a problem that the amount of nitrogen decreases. The nitrogen contained in the generated ammonia is oxidized by nitrifying bacteria or the like to become nitrite nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen which is a form which is difficult to be used by fish and algae.
An object of the present invention is to provide a nutrient supply granule for supplying an aqueous organism such as fish and shellfish which has a large amount of organic nitrogen dissolved in water.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the inventor of the present invention can achieve the above objects according to the granules for nutrition supply including the specific core body and the covering layer made of the cured product of the hydraulic composition. And completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [7].
[1] A core body comprising porous particles and an organic component contained in the porous particles, and a cured product of a hydraulic composition formed on the surface of the core body A nutrient supply granule comprising a covering layer, wherein the organic component comprises a nutrient component consisting of at least one selected from amino acids, peptides, and proteins, and a humic substance. Granules.
[2] The grain for nutrition supply according to the above [1], wherein the humic substance is humic acid.
[3] The nutrient supplying granules according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the amount of the humic substance is 0.1 to 2.8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the porous granules.
[4] The nutrition supplying granules according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein the hydraulic composition contains cement.
[5] The granule for nutrition supply in any one of said [1]-[4] whose thickness of the said coating layer is 1-8 mm.
[6] The method for producing nutrition supplying granules according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the porous granules, the nutrition component, and the humic substance are used as materials. A method for producing granules for nutrition, comprising: a granulating step for obtaining the core body, and a coating step for coating the hydraulic body on the core body to obtain the granules for nutrition supply .
[7] The amount of humic substances contained in the nutrient supply granules according to any one of the above [1] to [5] is adjusted to adjust the amount of organic nitrogen eluted from the nutrient granules Nutrition feeding method characterized by

  According to the granules for nutrient supply of the present invention, the amount of organic nitrogen eluted in water can be increased without increasing the particle size of the core body or reducing the thickness of the coating layer.

It is sectional drawing which shows typically the state which cut | disconnected the granule for nutritions of this invention by the cut surface which passes along the center of this granule.

Hereinafter, the granules for nutrition supply of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
The nutrient supply granules 1 of the present invention are formed on the surface of a core 2 consisting of porous granules and an organic component contained in the porous granules, and the surface of the core A nutrient supply granule comprising a coating layer 3 comprising a cured product of a hydraulic composition, wherein the organic component is one or more selected from amino acids, peptides and proteins (hereinafter referred to as “nutritional component” Component (also referred to as component) and humic substances.
Examples of amino acids include alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, tryptophan, ornithine and the like. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination.
The peptides and proteins are those containing the above-mentioned amino acids as components.

The term "humic substance" means a final product containing various organic compounds formed by decomposition by microorganisms such as animals and plants in the soil.
The components constituting humic substances include humin, humic acid and fulvic acid. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination. Among them, humic acid is preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability and large elution amount of organic nitrogen.
Humin refers to a component which is insoluble in alkali and acid, among components constituting humic substances. Humic acid is a component which is soluble in alkali and insoluble in acid, among the components constituting humic substances. Among the components constituting humic substances, fulvic acid refers to components soluble in alkali and acid.

The amount of humic substance (for example, humic acid) is preferably 0.1 to 2.8 parts by mass, more preferably 0.4 to 2.3 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the porous particles constituting the core body 2. It is a mass part, More preferably, it is 0.6-2.1 mass parts, Especially preferably, it is 0.8-1.5 mass parts. If the amount is within the above-mentioned numerical range, the amount of organic nitrogen eluted from the nutrition supplying granules 1 can be further increased.
In addition, the content of humic substances (for example, humic acid) in a liquid containing a nutrient component, humic substances and water (described later) is preferably 0.05 to 0.95% by mass, more preferably 0.10. It is -0.80 mass%, more preferably 0.20-0.75 mass%, particularly preferably 0.25-0.50 mass%. If the content rate is within the above numerical range, the amount of organic nitrogen eluted from the nutrition supplying granules 1 can be further increased.

An organic component (a nutrient component and a component containing humic substances) is usually impregnated into porous particles in the state of a liquid containing the organic component and water (hereinafter, also referred to as a "liquid"). .
The liquid is an aqueous solution or a suspension obtained by mixing the above-mentioned organic component and water, adjusting the blending ratio appropriately according to the application. As the liquid, it is also possible to use the juice etc. discharged in the food processing industry or the fishery processing industry.
In the liquid, as other components, main components of inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, silicon and sulfur, and inorganic materials such as iron, copper, zinc, nickel, manganese, cobalt and molybdenum The minor component of the fertilizer may be contained in an amount which does not affect the growth of the aquatic organism.

  Although the compounding amount of the liquid substance varies depending on the solid content concentration of the liquid substance, it is easy to form porous particles after impregnation, and from the viewpoint that the core body 2 after forming is not disintegrated, the core The amount is preferably 10 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 400 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 100 to 350 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the porous particles constituting the body 2.

The porous particles may be made of a material which can contain a liquid (it can be impregnated with a liquid), and both inorganic and organic materials can be used. it can.
In the present invention, by using porous particles, it is possible to increase the amount of the organic component which can be impregnated and shorten the time required for the impregnation.
Examples of inorganic materials include shale, pumice, volcanic zeolite, diatomaceous earth, shirasu, vermiculite, calcium carbonate-containing substances (such as limestone, shells, eggshells of eggs) and the like, calcined products thereof, and silicas hydrothermally synthesized by an autoclave Ground products and crushed products of calcium acid compounds; Ground products and crushed products of calcium silicate compounds foamed with aluminum powder; Fired products obtained by crushing pearlite and obsidian after firing and foaming; bricks, ceramics, etc. A crushed material etc. are mentioned.

Examples of the organic material include foams of synthetic resins such as polyurethane, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol and the like; natural and artificial rubbers; crushed materials of wood materials and the like.
The type of wood in the above woody material is not particularly limited. Further, as wood materials, sawdust generated at the time of cutting of wood, scraps generated at the time of making plywood, construction scraps, crushed materials such as wood generated at thinning or the like can be used.

The porous particles may be used without adjusting the particle size, or may be used by adjusting the particle size to be within a specific range according to the purpose. The particle size varies depending on the shape of the particles, but it is preferably 50 mm or less, more preferably 30 mm or less, from the viewpoint of sufficiently immersing the organic component to the inside of the particles when performing the impregnation. The particle size is preferably 20 mm or less, more preferably 10 mm or less, still more preferably 5 mm or less, particularly preferably 3 mm or less, from the viewpoint of ease of molding when performing molding described later. The particle size is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, still more preferably 1.0 mm or more, particularly preferably 1. mm from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of the organic component impregnated in the core body 2. 5 mm or more.
In the present specification, the term "particle size" means a size corresponding to the mesh size of the sieve.

A core containing an organic component (a nutrient component and a humic substance) in the porous particle by impregnating a porous substance with a liquid (a liquid substance containing a nutrient component, a humic substance and water) You can get 2 bodies.
As a method of impregnating the porous granular material with the liquid, for example, a method of immersing the granular material in the liquid for a fixed time, a method of kneading the liquid and the granular material with a mixer, and the like can be mentioned. Among them, a method of kneading using a mixer is preferable from the viewpoint of sufficiently immersing the liquid in a short time.

The mixer is not particularly limited, and a mixer generally used for mixing powders (for example, a mixer used for mixing mortar and concrete) may be used.
Specifically, vertical mixers, horizontal mixers, Nauta mixers, tilt cylinder mixers, forced mixers, twin-screw mixers and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the vertical mixer include "Hobart mixer" manufactured by Hobart, "Henschel mixer" manufactured by Henschel, and the like. Examples of the horizontal mixer include "Ledige mixer" manufactured by Ledige.
Alternatively, the particles and the liquid material may be introduced into a container such as a pail and the resulting mixture may be kneaded and impregnated using a hand mixer or the like.

The porous particles may be used as they are, and the particles may be impregnated with a liquid (a liquid containing a nutrient component, a humic substance and water), but the aquatic component is sufficiently impregnated with the nutrient component and the humic substance. From the viewpoint of obtaining biological particles, the liquid material may be impregnated using a formed product (formed granulated product) obtained by forming (granulating) a plurality of porous particles.
Further, after impregnating the unformed porous particles with the liquid, the particles impregnated with the liquid are formed (granulated), and the obtained formed product (formed granules) is obtained as a core. The body 2 may be used.
As a method of manufacturing the said molded object, various shaping | molding methods, such as rolling granulation, stirring granulation, compression granulation, extrusion granulation, can be used. Moreover, as an apparatus used for shaping | molding, a pan pelletizer, a mixer, a disk pelleter etc. can be used.
Moreover, when performing shaping | molding, you may add a binder as needed.

  The particle size of the core body 2 is preferably 0.1 to 50 mm, more preferably 1 to 25 mm, still more preferably 5 to 20 mm, particularly preferably 8 to 15 mm. If the particle size is 0.1 mm or more, the coating layer 3 can be more easily formed on the surface of the core body 2 and the amount of nutrient components and humic substances impregnated in the core body 2 can be increased. . If the particle size is 50 mm or less, the molded product can be molded more easily.

As a hydraulic composition which forms the coating layer 3, the material of an inorganic type is preferable, for example, cement, gypsum etc. are mentioned. As the cement, various portland cements such as ordinary portland cement, early-strength portland cement, moderate-heat portland cement, low-temperature portland cement, etc. defined in JIS, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, slag cement, eco cement, and alumina cement Etc. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination.
Among them, cement is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility, and ordinary portland cement and early strong portland are more preferable.
Further, from the viewpoint of exerting the effects of the present invention more greatly, the hydraulic composition preferably contains an alkaline substance (for example, cement).

In addition, if necessary, limestone fine powder, silica fume, fly ash, blast furnace slag, calcium aluminate, admixture materials such as dolomite; fibers made of vinylon, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, carbon, glass, iron, etc .; An inorganic or organic material or the like used for the quality particles may be used as the material of the covering layer 3.
Moreover, you may use the fine aggregate etc. which are generally used for the concrete and mortar in the range which does not affect the property of coating | cover.
In hydraulic compositions, hardening accelerators, setting retarders, shrinkage reducing agents, AE agents, water reducing agents, etc., which are generally used for concrete and mortar as materials for adjusting the hardening properties. Additives such as performance water reducing agents, fluidizers, thickeners, antifoaming agents and the like may be used within limits not affecting the properties of the coating.
Furthermore, the hydraulic composition contains water. Water is usually mixed with a material other than water immediately before the core body 2 is coated with the hydraulic composition to become a material of the hydraulic composition.

By covering the core body 2 described above with the hydraulic composition, the coating layer 3 made of the hydraulic composition can be obtained on the surface of the core body 2.
Examples of the method of coating the core body 2 with the hydraulic composition include the following methods (i) to (iii).
(I) The core body 2 is put into a coating apparatus, and while the apparatus is rotated, a hydraulic composition is introduced and coated (ii) The core body 2 is put into a coating apparatus, and the apparatus is rotated Method of throwing hydraulic composition (slurry which mixes water and materials other than water beforehand) into a coating device while making it (iii) materials other than water which constitutes a hydraulic composition are thrown into a coating device The method (i) is preferable from the viewpoint of easiness of work also in the method of charging the core body 2 while rotating the device and further charging water.
The core body 2 may be dried before the core body 2 is coated with the hydraulic composition.

As said coating apparatus, a pan coating apparatus, a rolling coating apparatus, etc. are mentioned. Among them, a pan coating apparatus is preferable from the viewpoint of working efficiency.
The thickness of the coating layer 3 formed of the cured product of the hydraulic composition is preferably 1 to 8 mm, more preferably 2 to 6 mm, and particularly preferably 3 to 5 mm. When the thickness is 1 mm or more, the strength of the nutrition supplying granules 1 is further improved and it is not easily disintegrated. In addition, the effect of the present invention (effect of increasing the elution amount of organic nitrogen more than in the case where humic substances are not contained) can be further enhanced. If the thickness is 8 mm or less, it is possible to prevent the elution amount of organic nitrogen from the nutrition supplying granules 1 from becoming too small.

By coating the core body 2 with the hydraulic composition and then sufficiently curing the hydraulic composition, the granules 1 for nutrition of the present invention can be obtained.
The particle size of the nutrition supplying granules 1 is preferably 1.1 to 60 mm, more preferably 5 to 40 mm, still more preferably 8 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 mm. If the particle size is 1.1 mm or more, elution of organic nitrogen can be continued for a long time. When the particle size is 50 mm or less, it is possible to prevent the elution amount of organic nitrogen from becoming too small.

  By leaving the nutrient supply granules 1 of the present invention in water (for example, in the sea) or the like, amino acids and the like containing organic nitrogen are eluted from the granules for nutrition supply 1 into water. Organic nitrogen can promote the growth of aquatic organisms such as microalgae and macroalgae as nutrient components. In addition, amino acids and the like can collect aquatic organisms such as fish and shellfish, and promote the formation of fish reefs.

In addition, by adjusting the amount of humic substances contained in the nutrient supply granules 1, it is possible to obtain water from the nutrition supply granules 1 without adjusting the particle size of the core body 2 and the thickness of the covering layer 3. It is possible to adjust the amount of organic nitrogen eluted in the
For example, the amount of humic substances contained in the nutrient supply granules 1 may be 0.5 to 1.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the porous granules constituting the core body 2 of the nutrition provision granules 1. By setting the amount to 5 parts by mass, the elution amount of organic nitrogen can be increased without increasing the particle size of the core body 2 or reducing the thickness of the covering layer 3. This makes it possible to adjust the elution amount of organic nitrogen while securing the strength of the nutrient supply granules 1.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Material used]
(1) Pulverized wood waste: Wood waste is crushed using a CS cutter having a screen with an opening size of 2 mm and air-dried after passing through the screen (2) Soluble: feed of fish ara etc. Aqueous solution containing amino acid recovered in process of processing into raw material (3) Cement: made by Pacific Cement Co., Ltd., ordinary portland cement (4) Humic acid: made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.

Example 1
Humic acid was added to 200 g of pulverized wood waste in an amount shown in Table 1 and mixed by hand in a polyethylene bag to obtain a mixture. Thereafter, the obtained mixture was charged into a pan pelletizer, and granulation was performed while intermittently adding the amount of solver shown in Table 1. After granulation, the resulting aggregate of granules was classified using a sieve to obtain a aggregate of granules having a particle size of 10 to 13 mm. The obtained granules were dried for 1 week in an environment of 60 ° C.
The obtained granulated product (core body) is put into a pan pelletizer, cement is added while spraying water in an amount to achieve the water-cement ratio shown in Table 1, cement coating is performed, and then one week Sealing and curing were carried out to obtain granules for nutrition supply.
In addition, it was 4 mm on average when the thickness of the coating layer (cement coating) was measured by cut | disconnecting 10 obtained granules for nutritions by the surface which passes along the center.

The obtained granules for nutrient supply are added to artificial seawater in an amount such that the mass ratio of the granules for nutrient supply and the artificial seawater (grains for nutrient supply: artificial seawater) is 1:10, and the water temperature is 20 ° C. While holding in, let stand.
Every 3 hours, 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days, all the artificial seawater was exchanged. During the exchange, the amount (mg / liter) of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in 1 liter of the artificial seawater collected was measured according to the following measurement method .

[Measuring method]
(1) Total nitrogen: Measured in accordance with "JIS K 0102: 2016 (Industrial drainage test supplement method) 45.2 UV absorption spectrophotometry".
(2) Ammonia-like nitrogen: Measured in accordance with "JIS K 0102: 2016 (Industrial Drainage Test Supplement) 44.2 Indophenol blue spectrophotometric method".
(3) Organic nitrogen: Measured in accordance with "JIS K 0102: 2016 (Industrial Drainage Test Supplement) 45.1 Sum Method".
(4) Nitrate nitrogen: It measured using "pack test nitrate nitrogen (reduction and a naphthyl ethylenediamine colorimetric method)" (Kyoritsu Chemical Research Institute make).
(5) Nitrite nitrogen: It measured using "pack test nitrite nitrogen (a naphthyl ethylene diamine colorimetric method)" (Kyoritsu Chemical Research Institute make).

Example 2
Grains for nutrition supply were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of humic acid added was changed from 0.5 parts by mass to 1 part by mass. The amount of total nitrogen and the like after 3 hours, 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained granules for nutrient supply.
[Example 3]
Granules for nutrition supply were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of humic acid was changed from 0.5 parts by mass to 2 parts by mass. The amount of total nitrogen and the like after 3 hours, 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained granules for nutrient supply.
Example 4
Grains for nutrition supply were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of humic acid added was changed from 0.5 parts by mass to 2.5 parts by mass. The amount of total nitrogen and the like after 3 hours, 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained granules for nutrient supply.

Comparative Example 1
A nutrient supply granule was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that humic acid was not added. The amount of total nitrogen and the like after 3 hours, 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained granules for nutrient supply.
Each result is shown in Table 2.

From Table 2, according to the granules for nutrient supply of the present invention (Examples 1 to 4), the amount of organic nitrogen in artificial seawater (3 hours: 3.0 to 8.0 mg / liter, 1 day: 5) .0 to 7.3 mg / liter, 4 days: 9.7 to 15.0 mg / liter, 7 days: 5.2 to 10.0 mg / liter), grains for nutrition supply containing no humic substance (humic acid) Amount of organic nitrogen in artificial seawater (3 hours: 2.8 mg / liter, 1 day: 2.6 mg / liter, 4 days: 4.6 mg / liter, 7) when the body (comparative example 1) is used Day: It is understood that it is larger than 3.3 mg / liter).
In particular, when the amount of humic substance (humic acid) is 1 part by mass (Example 2), the amount of organic nitrogen in artificial seawater (1 day: 7.3 mg) in which the elution time is 1 to 7 days / Liter, 4 days: 15.0 mg / liter, 7 days: 10.0 mg / liter) are found to be very large.

1 Granule for nutrition supply 2 Core body 3 Coating layer

Claims (7)

A core body comprising porous particles and an organic component contained in the porous particles, and a coating layer comprising a cured product of a hydraulic composition formed on the surface of the core body Containing granules for nutrition supply,
Granules for nutrition provision characterized in that the organic matter component comprises a nutrient component consisting of one or more kinds selected from amino acids, peptides and proteins, and humic substances.   The granules for nutrient supply according to claim 1, wherein the humic substance is humic acid.   The nutrient feed granules according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the humic substance is 0.1 to 2.8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the porous granules.   The nutrient composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hydraulic composition contains cement.   The thickness of the said coating layer is 1-8 mm, The granule for nutrition provision of any one of Claims 1-4. It is a manufacturing method of granules for nutrition supply given in any 1 paragraph of Claims 1-5,
A granulating step of obtaining the core body by using the porous particles, the nutrient component, and the humic substance as materials.
A method for producing granules for nutrition, comprising the step of coating the core body with the hydraulic composition to obtain the granules for nutrition.   The amount of humic substance contained in the granules for nutrition supply according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adjusted to adjust the amount of organic nitrogen eluted from the granules for nutrition supply. Nutrition feeding method.

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