JP2019067284A - 表示装置 - Google Patents
表示装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019067284A JP2019067284A JP2017194202A JP2017194202A JP2019067284A JP 2019067284 A JP2019067284 A JP 2019067284A JP 2017194202 A JP2017194202 A JP 2017194202A JP 2017194202 A JP2017194202 A JP 2017194202A JP 2019067284 A JP2019067284 A JP 2019067284A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- display
- electrodes
- voltage
- touch panel
- display device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100365011 Arabidopsis thaliana SCL33 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/0418—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers for error correction or compensation, e.g. based on parallax, calibration or alignment
- G06F3/04184—Synchronisation with the driving of the display or the backlighting unit to avoid interferences generated internally
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
- H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
- H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
- G09G2310/0286—Details of a shift registers arranged for use in a driving circuit
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/08—Details of timing specific for flat panels, other than clock recovery
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0238—Improving the black level
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2370/00—Aspects of data communication
- G09G2370/16—Use of wireless transmission of display information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
- G09G3/3655—Details of drivers for counter electrodes, e.g. common electrodes for pixel capacitors or supplementary storage capacitors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- タッチパネル機能が組み込まれた表示パネルと近距離無線通信機能を有する表示装置であって、
前記表示パネルの表示領域には、複数の表示用電極が形成され、
画像表示用の電圧とタッチパネル用の電圧の印加を切り替える複数の第1のスイッチを有する第1回路が前記表示領域の第1の辺に形成され、
前記画像表示用の電圧の印加の有無を切り替える複数の第2のスイッチを有する第2回路が前記表示領域の第1の辺と対向する第2の辺に形成され、
前記第1回路は、前記複数の表示用電極を順次選択し、選択した前記表示用電極に、前記タッチパネル用電圧を印加し、他の電極には前記画像表示用の電圧を印加し、
前記第2回路は、前記複数の表示用電極を順次選択し、選択した前記表示用電極に、前記画像表示用の電圧の電圧を行わないことを特徴とする表示装置。 - 1フレーム期間は、画像表示期間とタッチパネル動作期間に分割され、前記第1回と及び前記第2回路による前記表示用電極の順次選択は、前記タッチパネル動作期間に行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1のスイッチのそれぞれは、複数の前記表示用電極に接続され、 前記第2のスイッチのそれぞれは、複数の前記表示用電極に接続され、
一つの前記表示用電極に接続された前記第1のスイッチと前記第2のスイッチは、同じタイミングで切り替え動作を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記表示用電極は、nを整数とした時、n分割され、前記タッチパネル用電圧は、1フレームに1回または複数回、複数の前記表示用電極の全てに印加されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の表示装置。
- 前記近距離無線通信機能のためのアンテナは、平面視で視て、前記第2のスイッチ回路に重複する位置に配置していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記近距離無線通信機能のためのアンテナは、前記表示パネルと前記表示パネルを覆うフレーム部材の間に配置していることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1回路は、第1のシフトレジスタから制御信号が供給され、
前記第2回路は、第2のシフトレジスタから制御信号が供給されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第1回路は、前記表示パネルの端子領域に近接して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記表示パネルは液晶表示パネルであり、前記画像表示用電圧はコモン電圧であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記表示パネルは有機EL表示パネルであり、前記画像表示用電圧はカソード電圧であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017194202A JP6951930B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 | 2017-10-04 | 表示装置 |
US16/145,505 US10545597B2 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2018-09-28 | Display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017194202A JP6951930B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 | 2017-10-04 | 表示装置 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2019067284A true JP2019067284A (ja) | 2019-04-25 |
JP2019067284A5 JP2019067284A5 (ja) | 2020-11-12 |
JP6951930B2 JP6951930B2 (ja) | 2021-10-20 |
Family
ID=65896118
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017194202A Active JP6951930B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 | 2017-10-04 | 表示装置 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10545597B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6951930B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102667326B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-27 | 2024-05-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 디스플레이 장치 및 그 제어방법 |
GB202014141D0 (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-10-21 | Ifpl Group Ltd | Contactless reader |
CN114023187B (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-11-29 | 深圳市爱协生科技有限公司 | 可触控的段码显示屏 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014038209A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | パナソニック株式会社 | アンテナ装置および通信装置 |
JP2016224242A (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置 |
JP2017076198A (ja) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | タッチ検出機能付き表示装置 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8284169B2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2012-10-09 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device |
JP2014057243A (ja) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-27 | Nec Saitama Ltd | 携帯端末、携帯端末の実装方法、表示装置、携帯端末の制御プログラム |
CN102955636B (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-09-09 | 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 | 一种电容式内嵌触摸屏及显示装置 |
JP5845204B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-01-20 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 電子機器および電子機器の制御方法 |
JP6121812B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-25 | 2017-04-26 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | タッチパネル付液晶表示装置 |
CN103698927B (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 敦泰电子有限公司 | 触摸显示装置、驱动电路及驱动方法 |
CN104317134B (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-01-11 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 触摸光栅盒和触摸立体显示装置 |
CN106598314B (zh) * | 2015-10-15 | 2023-07-04 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种内嵌式触摸屏、显示装置及其驱动方法 |
JP6620025B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-19 | 2019-12-11 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | センサ付き表示装置 |
JP2017151702A (ja) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-31 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置 |
JP6668193B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-29 | 2020-03-18 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | センサ及び表示装置 |
JP2018060007A (ja) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-12 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置及び表示制御方法 |
JP6869786B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-13 | 2021-05-12 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置及び方法 |
CN107479742A (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-12-15 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | In‑cell型触控显示器 |
-
2017
- 2017-10-04 JP JP2017194202A patent/JP6951930B2/ja active Active
-
2018
- 2018-09-28 US US16/145,505 patent/US10545597B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014038209A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | パナソニック株式会社 | アンテナ装置および通信装置 |
JP2016224242A (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置 |
JP2017076198A (ja) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | タッチ検出機能付き表示装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190102026A1 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
JP6951930B2 (ja) | 2021-10-20 |
US10545597B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN111381712B (zh) | 具有集成天线的显示设备 | |
US9524064B2 (en) | Display device with integrated touch screen | |
US9529479B2 (en) | Touch sensing method, module, and display | |
EP3102999B1 (en) | Displays with intra-frame pause | |
US20140232955A1 (en) | Display Circuitry with Reduced Pixel Parasitic Capacitor Coupling | |
EP2746904A1 (en) | Touch control display panel and touch display device | |
US20170075455A1 (en) | Display device with touch detecting function and electronic apparatus | |
US8384647B2 (en) | Display driver with improved charge sharing drive arrangement | |
JP6951930B2 (ja) | 表示装置 | |
US20160231974A1 (en) | Dual image display device and driving method thereof | |
US9734783B2 (en) | Displays with high impedance gate driver circuitry | |
JP2018124650A (ja) | 表示装置 | |
US10269328B2 (en) | Display panel including reflective pixels and self-display pixels and driving method thereof, display apparatus | |
CN110767166B (zh) | 显示屏及显示终端 | |
US10761640B2 (en) | Display device | |
JP2000258792A (ja) | 液晶表示装置およびその基板 | |
US20220043554A1 (en) | Display device with integrated antenna and method thereof | |
US10564754B2 (en) | Display device | |
US10345971B2 (en) | Display device | |
KR20080079516A (ko) | 휴대용 컴퓨터 | |
CN113467640A (zh) | 触控显示面板的驱动方法、驱动电路及触控显示装置 | |
JP2002006787A (ja) | カラー液晶表示装置 | |
US11789558B1 (en) | Display device and driving method thereof | |
JP7331160B2 (ja) | 表示装置 | |
US20240212772A1 (en) | Shift Register and Driving Method Therefor, Gate Driving Circuit, and Display Device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200924 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20200924 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20210616 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20210622 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20210819 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20210831 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20210927 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6951930 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |