JP2019041652A - Enteric bacteria activation beverage - Google Patents
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Description
海洋深層水は、１９８９年に日本で初めて高知県室戸岬で陸上型の深層水取水施設において汲み上げが開始されて以降、富山県、沖縄県をはじめ、日本各地で取水されている。海洋深層水は、富栄養性、清浄性、低温安定性等の特性を有しており、近年、海洋深層水を利用した製品開発が盛んに行われている。中でも、飲料水、水産加工品及び発酵品等の食品分野において海洋深層水は利用されており、数多くの商品が市場に流通している。
海洋深層水を原料に用いた飲料水は、ミネラルが豊富であり、人体への好影響が期待される。海洋深層水を原料に用いた飲料水の生体に対する作用機序は、医科学的にも徐々に解明されてきており、例えば、特許文献１には血流改善効果、特許文献２にはＨｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒ Ｐｙｌｏｒｉ菌の増殖・運動を抑制する効果が記載されている。一方、海洋深層水を原料に用いたミネラルを多く含む飲料水が、大腸に及ぼす影響については、これまでに報告されていない。
Deep sea water has been taken in various parts of Japan, including Toyama and Okinawa, since the first start of pumping in Japan at a deep water intake facility on land in Muroto, Kochi in 1989. Deep sea water has characteristics such as eutrophication, cleanliness, low temperature stability, etc. In recent years, product development using deep sea water has been actively conducted. Above all, deep sea water is used in the food field such as drinking water, processed fish products and fermented products, and many products are distributed in the market.
Drinking water using deep ocean water as a raw material is rich in minerals and is expected to have a positive impact on the human body. The action mechanism of drinking water using deep ocean water as a raw material on the living body has been gradually elucidated also from medical science, and for example, the blood flow improvement effect is disclosed in Patent Document 1, and Helicobacter pylori is disclosed in Patent Document 2. The effect of suppressing the growth and movement of bacteria is described. On the other hand, the effect of drinking water rich in minerals using deep ocean water as a raw material on the large intestine has not been reported so far.
摂食した植物に含まれる食物繊維やオリゴ糖は、消化されにくいため大腸に達し、大腸内で腸内細菌により発酵され、短鎖脂肪酸を生成する。短鎖脂肪酸が生成すると、腸内のｐＨが低下して弱酸性となり、ウェルシュ菌などのいわゆる悪玉菌と総称される菌の増殖が抑制される。また、腸内で生成された短鎖脂肪酸は、蠕動運動を促進して排便を促し、便秘を予防することが知られている。さらに、短鎖脂肪酸は、腸管内分泌細胞上に存在するＧタンパク質共役受容体（ＧＰＲ４１、ＧＰＲ４３）を介して肥満や糖尿病に関連することが近年報告されている（非特許文献１）。
このように、大腸内での短鎖脂肪酸の生成は、腸内環境の改善のみならず、肥満や糖尿病等への好影響が期待されている。
Dietary fibers and oligosaccharides contained in fed plants reach the large intestine because they are difficult to digest, and are fermented by intestinal bacteria in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids. When short-chain fatty acids are produced, the pH in the intestine is lowered to be weakly acidic, and the growth of bacteria so-called bad bacteria such as Welsch bacteria is suppressed. In addition, short-chain fatty acids produced in the intestine are known to promote peristalsis, promote defecation and prevent constipation. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids have recently been reported to be associated with obesity and diabetes via G protein coupled receptors (GPR41, GPR43) present on enteroendocrine cells (Non-patent Document 1).
Thus, the production of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine is expected to have a favorable effect not only on the improvement of the intestinal environment but also on obesity, diabetes and the like.
また、豆腐や納豆などの大豆製品を摂取すると、大豆製品に多く含まれるダイゼイン、ゲニステイン等のイソフラボン類が体内に吸収される。ここで、イソフラボン類には糖鎖を有するグリコシド型イソフラボンと糖鎖を有さないアグリコン型イソフラボンとが存在する。イソフラボンは、腸内細菌によりグリコシド型イソフラボンの糖鎖が切断されてアグリコン型イソフラボンに変換され、アグリコン型イソフラボンとして体内に吸収される。また、イソフラボン類は、腸内のエクオール産生菌により代謝されてエクオールとなり、体内に吸収される。イソフラボン類は、その分子構造が女性ホルモン（エストロゲン）に類似していることから、女性の健康や美容に寄与することが知られている。また、エクオールは、抗癌作用、更年期障害の緩和、肥満予防等の効果が期待されている。 In addition, when soybean products such as tofu and natto are ingested, isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein, which are abundant in soybean products, are absorbed into the body. Here, as the isoflavones, a glycosidic-type isoflavone having a sugar chain and an aglycone-type isoflavone having no sugar chain are present. The isoflavones are cleaved by the enterobacteria into glycoconjugates of glycosidic isoflavones, converted to aglycone isoflavones, and absorbed into the body as aglycone isoflavones. In addition, isoflavones are metabolized by equol-producing bacteria in the intestine to form equol, which is absorbed into the body. Isoflavones are known to contribute to the health and beauty of women because their molecular structures are similar to that of female hormones (estrogens). In addition, equol is expected to have effects such as anti-cancer action, alleviation of menopausal disorders, and prevention of obesity.
本発明は、腸内細菌を活性化する腸内細菌活性化飲料を提供することを課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide an enterobacteria-activated beverage that activates enterobacteria.
上記課題を解決するための手段は、以下の通りである。
１．硬度３００以上３０００以下であることを特徴とする腸内細菌活性化飲料。
２．海洋深層水由来であることを特徴とする１．に記載の腸内細菌活性化飲料。
３．マグネシウムとカルシウムの重量比（Ｍｇ：Ｃａ）が８０：２０〜２５：７５の範囲内であることを特徴とする１．または２．に記載の腸内細菌活性化飲料。
４．１．〜３．のいずれかに記載の腸内細菌活性化飲料からなることを特徴とする腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進飲料。
５．１．〜３．のいずれかに記載の腸内細菌活性化飲料からなることを特徴とする腸内エクオール生成促進飲料。
６．硬度３００以上３０００以下の腸内細菌活性化飲料を摂取することを特徴とする腸内細菌活性化方法。
The means for solving the above problems are as follows.
1. An enteric bacteria-activated beverage having a hardness of 300 or more and 3,000 or less.
2. It is characterized by being derived from deep ocean water. The intestinal bacteria activation drink as described in.
3. The weight ratio of magnesium to calcium (Mg: Ca) is in the range of 80:20 to 25:75. Or 2. The intestinal bacteria activation drink as described in.
4.1. ~ 3. An intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting beverage comprising the enterobacteria-activating beverage according to any one of the above.
5.1. ~ 3. An enteric equol production promoting beverage comprising the enterobacteria-activated beverage according to any one of the above.
6. An enteric-bacteria activation method characterized by ingesting enteric-bacteria activation drink whose hardness is 300 or more and 3000 or less.
本発明の腸内細菌活性化飲料は、飲用するだけで腸内細菌の活動を活性化することができる。海洋深層水は、マグネシウムやカルシウム等の主要ミネラルのみならず、微量ミネラルをバランス良く含み、また、清浄で低コストなため、腸内細菌活性化飲料の原料水として好適である。本発明の腸内細菌活性化飲料により、腸内細菌の活動が活性化されるため、腸内細菌の代謝に由来する短鎖脂肪酸、エクオールの生成を促進することができ、これらによる健康促進効果が期待できる。また、腸内細菌により、グリコシド型イソフラボンから吸収性に優れたアグリコン型イソフラボンの転換が促進されるため、イソフラボン類（ダイゼイン、ゲニステイン）の吸収が増加する。 The enterobacteria-activated beverage of the present invention can activate the action of enterobacteria simply by drinking. Deep sea water contains not only main minerals such as magnesium and calcium but also trace minerals in a well-balanced manner, and is clean and inexpensive, so it is suitable as a raw material water for enterobacteria-activated beverages. Since the activity of intestinal bacteria is activated by the enterobacteria-activated beverage of the present invention, the production of short chain fatty acid and equol derived from the metabolism of intestinal bacteria can be promoted, and the health promotion effect by these can be achieved. Can be expected. In addition, absorption of isoflavones (daidzein, genistein) is increased because the enterobacteria promote conversion of glycosidic isoflavones to highly absorbable aglycone isoflavones.
本発明は、硬度３００以上３０００以下である腸内細菌活性化飲料（以下、「本飲料」ともいう）に関する。
本飲料を飲用することにより、腸内に生息する腸内細菌の活動を活性化することができる。腸内細菌が活性化することにより、腸内における短鎖脂肪酸とエクオールの生成を促進することができる。ここで、短鎖脂肪酸とは、腸内細菌が生成する炭素数６以下の脂肪酸を意味し、例えば、酢酸、プロピオン酸、イソ酪酸、酪酸、乳酸、コハク酸、ギ酸、吉草酸、イソ吉草酸、カプロン酸などが挙げられる。
The present invention relates to an enterobacteria-activated beverage (hereinafter also referred to as "the present beverage") having a hardness of 300 or more and 3,000 or less.
By drinking the present beverage, it is possible to activate the activity of intestinal bacteria that inhabit in the intestine. Activation of enteric bacteria can promote the production of short chain fatty acids and equol in the intestine. Here, short-chain fatty acid means fatty acid having 6 or less carbon atoms produced by enteric bacteria, and examples thereof include acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid. And caproic acid.
硬度は、ＥＤＴＡ法による値であり、本飲料の硬度は、３００以上３０００以下である。硬度が３００未満では、マグネシウムやカルシウムの主要ミネラルや微量ミネラルの含有量が少なく、腸内細菌を活性化する効果が期待できない。硬度が３０００を越えると、味が硬くなりすぎて飲みにくくなってしまう。硬度は、４００以上２７００以下が好ましく、５００以上２５００以下がより好ましく、１０００以上１５００以下がさらに好ましい。 The hardness is a value according to the EDTA method, and the hardness of the present beverage is 300 or more and 3,000 or less. If the hardness is less than 300, the content of major minerals and trace minerals of magnesium and calcium is small, and the effect of activating enteric bacteria can not be expected. If the hardness exceeds 3000, the taste becomes too hard and it becomes difficult to drink. The hardness is preferably 400 or more and 2700 or less, more preferably 500 or more and 2500 or less, and still more preferably 1000 or more and 1500 or less.
本飲料の原料水としては特に制限されず、水道水、山や川の水、鉱泉水、海水等を単独、または２種以上を混合して用いることができる。これらの中で、清浄で、主要ミネラル、微量ミネラルがバランスよく含まれていることから、水深が２００ｍ以深から採取した海洋深層水が特に好ましい。なお、海洋深層水等の海水は、そのままでは塩が多すぎて飲用に適さないため、例えば、逆浸透膜装置（ＲＯ）、電気透析装置（ＥＤ）、イオン交換膜、濾過、蒸留等により、主に過剰の塩化ナトリウムを除去して使用する。ここで、ＲＯによる脱塩処理は、水溶性イオンを種類を問わず取り除くため、淡水と濃縮海水とに分離できるのに対し、ＥＤによる脱塩処理は、塩化ナトリウムのみを選択的に取り除くため、高ミネラル水と塩水とに分離することができる。そのため、ＥＤで製造した高ミネラル水を、水道水、ＲＯで製造した淡水や鉱泉水等の硬度の低い水と混合して、上記硬度の範囲となるように調整することが好ましい。 The raw material water of the present beverage is not particularly limited, and tap water, mountain and river water, mineral spring water, seawater and the like can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among these, deep sea water collected from a depth of 200 m or less is particularly preferable because it is clean and contains major minerals and trace minerals in a well-balanced manner. In addition, since seawater such as deep ocean water is too much salt as it is and is not suitable for drinking, for example, reverse osmosis membrane device (RO), electrodialysis device (ED), ion exchange membrane, filtration, distillation, etc. It is mainly used after removing excess sodium chloride. Here, since the desalting treatment with RO removes any kind of water-soluble ions, it can be separated into fresh water and concentrated seawater, whereas the desalting treatment with ED selectively removes only sodium chloride, It can be separated into high mineral water and brine. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the high mineral water produced by ED with tap water, fresh water produced by RO, low-hardness water such as spring water, etc., to be in the above range of hardness.
本飲料において、マグネシウムとカルシウムの重量比（Ｍｇ：Ｃａ）が８０：２０〜２５：７５の範囲内であることが好ましい。この範囲よりもマグネシウムが増えると、苦みが生じて飲みにくくなり、カルシウムが増えると、味が硬くなり飲みにくくなる。また、マグネシウムの摂取状況は１日３００ｍｇの必要量に対して２００ｍｇ、カルシウム摂取状況は１日６００ｍｇの必要量に対して５７０ｍｇとなっている（厚生省データ）。この不足分を補うため、および、味覚の点から、本飲料のマグネシウムとカルシウムの重量比は、８０：２０〜３３：６７であることが好ましく、８０：２０〜５０：５０であることがより好ましく、８０：２０〜７０：３０であることがさら好ましく、７５：２５であることが最も好ましい。 In the present beverage, the weight ratio of magnesium to calcium (Mg: Ca) is preferably in the range of 80:20 to 25:75. When magnesium is more than this range, bitterness occurs and it becomes difficult to drink, and when calcium increases, taste becomes hard and it becomes difficult to drink. In addition, the intake status of magnesium is 200 mg for the required dose of 300 mg daily, and the intake status of calcium is 570 mg for the required dose of 600 mg daily (Ministry of Health and Welfare data). In order to compensate for this shortfall and in terms of taste, the weight ratio of magnesium to calcium in the present beverage is preferably 80:20 to 33:67, and more preferably 80:20 to 50:50. Preferably, it is 80:20 to 70:30, and most preferably 75:25.
本飲料は、飲み物としての美味しさや飲みやすさを高めるために、糖分、酸味料、呈味剤、果汁エキス類、野菜エキス類、フレーバー、色素、酸化防止剤、ｐＨ調整剤等の添加剤の配合や、炭酸の付与を行うことができる。また、スポーツ飲料、果汁飲料、野菜飲料、茶飲料、コーヒー飲料、乳飲料等にすることもできる。本飲料を、飲み物として美味しく、飲みやすくすることにより、飲用者が本飲料の飲用を長期間に亘って継続しやすくなるため、健康への寄与がより期待できる。 This beverage contains additives such as sugars, acidulants, flavoring agents, fruit juice extracts, vegetable extracts, flavors, pigments, antioxidants, and pH adjusters in order to enhance the taste and ease of drinking as a drink. It is possible to perform blending and carbonation. Moreover, it can also be used as a sports drink, fruit juice drink, vegetable drink, tea drink, coffee drink, milk drink and the like. By making the beverage delicious as a drink and easy to drink, the drinker can continue drinking the beverage over a long period of time, which can further contribute to health.
「実験１」
参加者を約５０人ずつの２つのグループに分け、それぞれのグループに、以下に示す本発明の腸内細菌活性化飲料である高ミネラル水、コントロールである低ミネラル水を、１日に１Ｌずつ１２週間飲用させた。
高ミネラル水：硬度１０００、Ｍｇ：Ｃａ＝７４：２６（赤穂化成株式会社製、
商品名：天海の水 硬度１０００）
低ミネラル水：硬度２０、Ｍｇ：Ｃａ＝６７：３３（市販の鉱泉水）
"Experiment 1"
The participants were divided into two groups of about 50 each, and each group contained 1 liter each day of high mineral water, which is the enterobacteria-activated beverage of the present invention shown below, and low mineral water, which is a control. I was allowed to drink for 12 weeks.
High mineral water: Hardness 1000, Mg: Ca = 74: 26 (Akaho Kasei Co., Ltd.,
Product Name: Amami Water Hardness 1000)
Low mineral water: Hardness 20, Mg: Ca = 67: 33 (commercial spring water)
飲用期間前後に、便秘症状のなどのアンケート調査（高ミネラル水群４９人、低ミネラル水群４９人）、と糞便の成分分析（高ミネラル水群４９人、低ミネラル水群４６人）、尿中のイソフラボン類の分析を行った。糞便の成分分析は、免疫グロブリンＡ（ＩｇＡ）、腐敗産物（５種類：スカトール、インドール、４−エチルフェノール、ｐ−クレゾール、フェノール）、短鎖脂肪酸（９種類：こはく酸、乳酸、ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、イソ酪酸、酪酸、イソ吉草酸、吉草酸）を行った。イソフラボン類は、エクオール、ダイゼイン、ゲニステインの分析を行った。なお、各分析において、χ２乗検定、Ｔ検定を行い評価した。 Before and after drinking period, questionnaire survey such as constipation symptoms (49 high mineral water group, 49 low mineral water group), and component analysis of feces (49 high mineral water group, 46 low mineral water group), urine The analysis of isoflavones in was conducted. Component analysis of feces, immunoglobulin A (IgA), decay products (5 types: skatole, indole, 4-ethylphenol, p-cresol, phenol), short-chain fatty acids (9 types: succinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid , Propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid). The isoflavones were analyzed for equol, daidzein and genistein. In each analysis, Chi-square test and T-test were performed for evaluation.
「アンケート調査」
飲用前に便秘の自覚症状があった人のうち、試験前後で便秘が改善した人数の割合を図１に示す。
高ミネラル水群では１７名のうち１６名（９４％）が便秘が改善し、低ミネラル水群では１５名のうち９名（６０％）が便秘が改善した。双方でχ２乗検定を行ったところ、有意水準０．０５で有意差が見られた。
"Questionnaire survey"
Among the people who had symptoms of constipation before drinking, the proportion of the number of people who improved constipation before and after the test is shown in FIG.
In the high mineral water group, 16 out of 17 (94%) improved constipation and in the low mineral water group 9 out of 15 (60%) improved constipation. When a chi-square test was performed on both sides, a significant difference was found at the significance level of 0.05.
「成分分析」
免疫グロブリンＡ（ＩｇＡ）はＥＬＩＳＡ法により、腐敗産物はガスクロマトグラフィ（ＧＣ−ＭＳ）により、短鎖脂肪酸はガスクロマトグラフィ（ＧＣ−ＦＩＤ）により、イソフラボン類はＨＰＬＣ法により分析を行った。
図２に免疫グロブリンＡ（ＩｇＡ）、図３に糞便１ｇ中の腐敗産物の含有量、図４に糞便１ｇ中の短鎖脂肪酸の含有量、図５に分析した個々の短鎖脂肪酸における増加した人数の割合を、図６に尿中のイソフラボン類の変化量（クレアチニン補正）を示す。
"Component analysis"
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was analyzed by ELISA, decay products by gas chromatography (GC-MS), short chain fatty acids by gas chromatography (GC-FID), and isoflavones by HPLC.
Figure 2 shows immunoglobulin A (IgA), Figure 3 shows the content of spoilage products in 1 g of feces, Figure 4 shows the content of short chain fatty acids in 1 g of feces, and Fig. 5 shows an increase in individual short chain fatty acids analyzed in The proportion of the number of persons is shown in FIG. 6 for the amount of change in isoflavones in urine (creatinine correction).
・免疫グロブリンＡ（ＩｇＡ）
免疫グロブリンＡは、腸管免疫の指標であるが、試験前後、及び、２つのグループ間で、免疫グロブリンＡ量に有意差はなく、本飲料は腸管免疫にほとんど影響を与えないことが確かめられた。
· Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
Immunoglobulin A is an indicator of intestinal immunity, but it was confirmed that there was no significant difference in the amount of immunoglobulin A between before and after the test and between the two groups, and that this beverage hardly affected intestinal immunity. .
・腐敗産物
腐敗産物量は、腸内環境の悪化を示す指標であり、また、生成した腐敗産物は血液により運ばれ、肌荒れを起こす要因となる。試験前後、及び、２つのグループ間で、腐敗産物量に有意差はなかった。
・ Rot products The amount of rot products is an index indicating deterioration of the intestinal environment, and the generated rot products are carried by blood and cause skin roughening. There were no significant differences in the amount of rotten products before and after the test and between the two groups.
・短鎖脂肪酸
低ミネラル水群では短鎖脂肪酸の総量が有意水準０．０５で有意に減少しているのに対し、高ミネラル水群では有意差はないが増加傾向であることが確かめられた（図４）。また、分析した９種類の短鎖脂肪酸のうち、ギ酸を除く８種の短鎖脂肪酸において高ミネラル水群の増加人数が、低ミネラル水群を上回っていることが確かめられた（図５）。特に、酢酸の増加人数に関してχ２乗検定、有意水準０．０５で有意差が認められた。
・ Short-chain fatty acids The total amount of short-chain fatty acids decreased significantly at the significance level of 0.05 in the low mineral water group, but it was confirmed that the high mineral water group showed an increase but no significant difference. (Figure 4). In addition, among the nine types of short chain fatty acids analyzed, it was confirmed that in eight types of short chain fatty acids except formic acid, the increased number of people in the group of high mineral water exceeded that in the group of low mineral water (FIG. 5). In particular, a significant difference was found at the significance level of 0.05 with the chi-square test regarding the number of people who increased acetic acid.
・イソフラボン類
高ミネラル水群は、低ミネラル水群に比べて尿中のエクオール、ダイゼイン、ゲニステインが増加した。これは、腸内細菌が活性化したことにより、エクオールの生成と、吸収性に優れたアグリコン型イソフラボンへの転換が促進されたためである。
・ Isoflavones In the high mineral water group, equol, daidzein and genistein in urine increased compared to the low mineral water group. This is because the activation of the enterobacteria promotes the formation of equol and the conversion to the highly absorbable aglycone-type isoflavone.
本飲料を飲用することにより、短鎖脂肪酸とエクオールの生成が促進されたことが確かめられた。短鎖脂肪酸とエクオールは、腸内細菌により生成されるため、本飲料により腸内細菌が活性化されたことが確かめられた。また、イソフラボン類（ダイゼイン、ゲニステイン）の吸収が増加することが確かめられた。 It was confirmed that drinking this beverage promoted the production of short-chain fatty acid and equol. Since short chain fatty acid and equol are produced by enteric bacteria, it was confirmed that the enteric bacteria were activated by this beverage. In addition, it was confirmed that the absorption of isoflavones (daidzein, genistein) was increased.
「実験２」
１０人の参加者に、異なる硬度、マグネシウムとカルシウムの重量比（Ｍｇ：Ｃａ）の水を、１日に１Ｌずつ１２週間飲用させ、飲用期間前後に、実験１と同様にして糞便の成分分析と尿中のイソフラボン類の分析を行った。表１に各水の飲用者数を示す。
"Experiment 2"
Ten participants were allowed to drink water of different hardness and weight ratio of magnesium to calcium (Mg: Ca) 1 L per day for 12 weeks, and fecal component analysis in the same manner as Experiment 1 before and after the drinking period Analysis of isoflavones in urine and urine was performed. Table 1 shows the number of drinkers of each water.
・免疫グロブリンＡ（ＩｇＡ）、腐敗産物
免疫グロブリンＡ、腐敗産物については、すべてのミネラル比、硬度において飲用前後で差はなかった。
・短鎖脂肪酸
短鎖脂肪酸の飲用期間前の値に対する、飲用期間後の値の割合（飲用後の値／飲用前の値）を表２に示す。
Immunoglobulin A (IgA), spoilage product For immunoglobulin A, spoilage product, there were no differences in all mineral ratios and hardness before and after drinking.
Short-chain fatty acid The ratio of the value after the drinking period to the value before the drinking period of the short-chain fatty acid (the value after drinking / the value before drinking) is shown in Table 2.
・イソフラボン類
イソフラボン類（エクオール、ダイゼイン、ゲニステイン）の飲用期間前の値に対する、飲用期間後の値の割合（飲用後の値／飲用前の値）を、表３に示す。
-Isoflavones The ratio of the value after the drinking period to the value before the drinking period of the isoflavones (equol, daidzein, genistein) (value after drinking / value before drinking) is shown in Table 3.
硬度２５０、マグネシウムとカルシウムの重量比７５：２５において飲用前後でエクオール、ダイゼイン、ゲニステインに差はなかった。
それ以外の飲料を飲んだ場合は、飲用前と比べ、飲用後はエクオールは１０５％〜１２５％、ダイゼインは１０２％〜１２２％、ゲニステインは１０３％〜１２０％に増加した。
There was no difference between equol, daidzein and genistein before and after drinking at a hardness of 250 and a weight ratio of magnesium to calcium of 75:25.
When drinking other beverages, equol after drinking increased from 105% to 125%, daidzein from 102% to 122%, and genistein from 103% to 120% compared to before drinking.
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