JP2019027314A - Hydraulic machine and assembly and disassembly methods of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a hydraulic machine which enables assembly and disassembly of the hydraulic machine to be efficiently performed, and to provide assembly and disassembly methods of the hydraulic machine.SOLUTION: According to one embodiment, a hydraulic machine includes: a casing into which water flows from a reservoir; a stay vane which is a fixed vane provided at the inner diameter side of the casing; and a stay ring including a first portion provided at the inner diameter side of the casing and a second portion which can be divided from the first portion. Further, the machine includes: a guide vane which is a movable vane provided at the inner diameter side of the stay vane; an upper cover provided at an upper part of the guide vane; a lower cover provided at a lower part of the guide vane; and a guide vane opening/closing mechanism which opens or closes the guide vane. Further, the machine includes: a runner which is rotated by water flowing from the casing; a spindle which transmits rotary motion of the runner to a power generator; and a draft tube into which the water which has rotated the runner flows.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a hydraulic machine and an assembly / disassembly method thereof.

  In general, when assembling a hydraulic machine such as a vertical-axis Francis turbine, the parts of the hydraulic machine are individually transported from the factory to the site, and each part is lifted with a crane and carried into the building. I do. Similarly, when the hydraulic machine is overhauled, the hydraulic machine is disassembled into parts, each part is lifted by a crane and taken out of the building, and each part is inspected and repaired.

  The following methods are known as methods for transporting parts of hydraulic machines. For example, a communication port that connects the upper space and the lower space of a two-floor hydroelectric power generation facility was provided, and when the hydraulic machine was assembled on site, it was attached to the transport rail and the transport rail that were placed below the communication port. A method of conveying parts of a hydraulic machine using a lifting jig is known. There is also known a hydraulic machine in which a detachable intermediate shaft is provided on a hydraulic turbine main shaft of the hydraulic machine, and a conveyance path toward a hydraulic machine carry-in / out hatch is opened on a peripheral surface of a barrel surrounding the hydraulic machine.

JP 2007-262972 A JP 2004-360705 A

  The vertical shaft Francis turbine is a hydraulic machine with a wide range of applications and a long delivery record, but it has some problems with its assembly and disassembly. For example, when assembling the vertical shaft Francis turbine locally, the components are carried into the building in order from the components arranged at the bottom of the turbine, so that a long period of time is required for the assembly work and installation adjustment. In addition, because the temporary assembly of the turbine is performed before the vertical Francis turbine is shipped from the factory, double assembly work has occurred between the site and the factory. Also, in the disassembling work after temporary assembly in the factory and the disassembling work at the time of overhaul, it is necessary to disassemble the parts in order, and the disassembling work requires a great number of man-hours and personnel. A similar problem occurs in hydraulic machines other than vertical Francis turbines.

  Furthermore, when assembling and disassembling medium-sized and small hydraulic machines, there is a problem that the work space in the building is narrow. For this reason, work efficiency such as assembly work, installation work, and flow path inspection of the hydraulic machine is poor, which is a factor in reducing work efficiency.

  Then, embodiment of this invention makes it a subject to provide the hydraulic machine and its assembly / disassembly method which can implement efficiently assembly and decomposition | disassembly of a hydraulic machine.

  According to one embodiment, the hydraulic machine includes a casing into which water flows from a reservoir, a stay vane that is a fixed vane provided on the inner diameter side of the casing, and a first portion provided on the inner diameter side of the casing. And a staying provided on the inner diameter side of the first portion and including the first portion and a separable second portion. Further, the machine includes a guide vane that is a movable vane provided on an inner diameter side of the stay vane, an upper cover provided on an upper part of the guide vane, a lower cover provided on a lower part of the guide vane, A guide vane opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the guide vane. Further, the machine includes a runner that rotates with water flowing from the casing, a main shaft that transmits the rotational motion of the runner to a generator, and a draft tube into which water that rotates the runner flows.

It is sectional drawing (1/2) which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing (2/2) which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 4th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 5th Embodiment.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1 to FIG. 6, the same or similar components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the first embodiment.

  The hydraulic machine of FIG. 1 is a vertical shaft Francis turbine, and includes a casing 1, a stay vane 2, a staying 3, a guide vane 4, an upper cover 5, a lower cover 6, a guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7, and a runner 8. And a main shaft 9 and a draft tube 10.

  FIG. 1 shows an X direction and a Y direction perpendicular to the main axis 9 and perpendicular to each other, and a Z direction parallel to the main axis 9. In this specification, the + Z direction is treated as the upward direction, and the −Z direction is treated as the downward direction. The −Z direction of the present embodiment may or may not coincide with the gravity direction. In the present specification, the side closer to the main shaft 9 is called the inner diameter side, and the side far from the main shaft 9 is called the outer diameter side.

  The casing 1 has a spiral shape and is configured such that pressure water flows from the upper reservoir. The stay vane 2 is a fixed wing provided on the inner diameter side of the casing 1. The stay ring 3 has a ring shape and is provided on the inner diameter side of the casing 1. The staying 3 is configured to support axial water stress by the stay vane 2.

  The guide vane 4 is a movable vane provided on the inner diameter side of the stay vane 2. The upper cover 5 is provided at the upper part of the guide vane 4, and the lower cover 6 is provided at the lower part of the guide vane 4. The upper cover 5 and the lower cover 6 support the guide vanes 4 and form a cylindrical flow path. The pressure water flowing into the casing 1 flows into the cylindrical flow path via the stay vane 2 and the guide vane 4. The guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 opens and closes the guide vane 4 by a driving force such as a servo motor.

  The runner 8 is provided on the inner diameter side of the cylindrical flow path and is rotated by pressure water flowing from the cylindrical flow path. Thereby, the runner 8 can convert the energy of pressure water into rotational energy. The main shaft 9 is attached to the runner 8 and transmits the rotational motion of the runner 8 to a generator (not shown). The draft tube 10 is configured such that flowing water that has lost energy by rotating the runner 8 flows in, and forms a flow path for recovering the pressure of the flowing water.

  At the time of local assembly of the hydraulic machine, the parts of the hydraulic machine are transported from the factory to the site, and the transported parts are lifted with a crane and carried into the building. Arrow A1 shows an example of the moving direction of the component when the component is carried in. Similarly, when the hydraulic machine is overhauled, the hydraulic machine is disassembled into parts, and the disassembled parts are lifted by a crane and carried out of the building. Arrow A2 shows an example of the moving direction of the component when the component is carried out.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the first embodiment, and corresponds to the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG.

  The staying 3 of the present embodiment includes a first staying 3a provided on the inner diameter side of the casing 1 and a second staying provided on the inner diameter side of the first staying 3a and separable from the first staying 3a. 3b. Each of the first and second stay rings 3a and 3b has a ring shape, and the first stay ring 3a is located outside and the second stay ring 3b is located inside. The first and second stayings 3a and 3b are examples of first and second portions, respectively.

  Since the 1st staying 3a and the 2nd staying 3b can be divided | segmented, when carrying out local assembly of a hydraulic machine, these are carried separately in a building. First, the first staying 3 a is carried into a region on the inner diameter side of the casing 1. Next, after the first staying 3a is carried in, the second staying 3b is carried into a region on the inner diameter side of the first staying 3a. Thus, the staying 3 is carried into the building.

  Similarly, when the hydraulic machine is disassembled and overhauled, the first staying 3a and the second staying 3b are separately carried out of the building. First, the second staying 3 b is carried out from the inner diameter side region of the casing 1. Next, after the second staying 3 b is unloaded, the first staying 3 a is unloaded from the inner diameter side region of the casing 1. In this way, the staying 3 is carried out from the building.

  Thus, the staying 3 of the present embodiment can be divided into the first staying 3a and the second staying 3b. Thereby, the second staying 3b is carried into the region on the inner diameter side of the first staying 3a in a state of being integrated with the guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, the lower cover 6, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7. In addition, it is possible to carry out from the region on the inner diameter side of the first staying 3a. Therefore, the second staying 3b, the guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, the lower cover 6, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 of the present embodiment are simultaneously carried into the building and carried out from the building at the same time. The hatched portion in FIG. 2 shows the second staying 3b and parts that are carried in / out at the same time.

  The second staying 3b may be integrated with the guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, the lower cover 6, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 by any method. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the second staying 3 b is fastened to the upper cover 5 and the lower cover 6 by the fasteners F. An example of the fastener F is a bolt.

  The first staying 3a includes a placement portion P for placing the second staying 3b. The placement portion P of the present embodiment is a step for placing the second staying 3b. The second staying 3b is placed on the top of the placement portion P of the first staying 3a. The 2nd staying 3b of this embodiment is fastened with the 1st staying 3a and a fastener, after carrying in in a building. The example of this fastener is a bolt like the above-mentioned fastener F. The fastener that fastens the first staying 3a and the second staying 3b is removed when it is carried out of the building.

  FIG. 1 shows the outermost diameter D1 (outermost radius) of the second staying 3b and the innermost diameter D2 (outermost radius) of the casing 1. The outermost diameter D1 of the second staying 3b of the present embodiment is designed to be smaller than the innermost diameter D2 of the casing 1. Thereby, even if the second staying 3b is integrated with the upper cover 5, the lower cover 6, etc., the second staying 3b can be smoothly carried into the region on the inner diameter side of the casing 1, It is possible to carry out smoothly from the inner diameter side region.

  According to the present embodiment, the second staying 3b, the guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, the lower cover 6, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 are assembled and adjusted by temporary assembly work at the factory, and transported to the site as they are. Therefore, the time required for on-site assembly and installation adjustment can be shortened. Furthermore, since these can be assembled in a factory, a wide working space can be secured during assembly, and the number of assembly steps can be reduced.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, the second staying 3b, the guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, the lower cover 6, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 can be carried out in an integrated state during overhaul. The number of inspection steps for the flow path can be reduced.

  Note that the steven 2 has an airfoil shape in the present embodiment, but may instead have a strut shape in order to effectively support axial water stress. This eliminates the need to smoothly join the stay vane 2 to the first staying 3a on site, thereby further reducing the time required for on-site assembly and installation adjustment.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently assemble and disassemble the hydraulic machine.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the second embodiment.

  The second staying 3b of the present embodiment is carried into the building and carried out of the building in a state integrated with the guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 (shaded portion in FIG. 3). See). The lower cover 6 is carried in and out separately from the second staying 3b.

  In general, it is troublesome to attach the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 to the second staying 3b, the upper cover 5, or the like. According to the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to omit performing troublesome attachment work and removal work of the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 in the building.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the third embodiment.

  The 2nd staying 3b of this embodiment is carried in in a building in the state integrated with the lower cover 6, and is carried out from a building (refer the shaded part of FIG. 4). The guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7 are carried in and out separately from the second staying 3b.

  According to the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to omit performing the attaching operation and the removing operation of the lower cover 6 in the building. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time required for attaching and removing the lower cover 6.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the fourth embodiment.

  The second staying 3b of the present embodiment is carried into the building separately from the upper cover 5 and the lower cover 6, and is carried out of the building (see the hatched portion in FIG. 5). Therefore, at the time of on-site assembly of the hydraulic machine, the lower cover 6 is carried into the inner diameter side of the casing 1, and then the second staying 3b is carried onto the upper part of the lower covering 6, and then the upper part of the second staying 3b is raised. Bring in hippopotamus 5. On the other hand, when the hydraulic machine is disassembled and overhauled, these parts are carried out in the order of the upper cover 5, the second staying 3 b, and the lower cover 6.

  According to the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the staying 3 is divided into the first staying 3a and the second staying 3b, so that the staying 3 is efficiently carried in and out. It becomes possible.

(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the fifth embodiment.

  The lower cover 6 of the present embodiment includes a first lower cover 6a provided at the lower part of the guide vane 4, and a second lower cover 6b provided at the lower part of the first lower cover 6a and capable of being divided from the first lower cover 6a. Including. Then, the second staying 3b of the present embodiment is carried into the building and carried out of the building in a state of being integrated with the guide vane 4, the upper cover 5, the first lower cover 6a, and the guide vane opening / closing mechanism 7. (See the shaded area in FIG. 6). The second lower cover 6b is carried in and out separately from the second staying 3b. Specifically, the second lower cover 6b is carried in before the second staying 3b during assembly, and the second lower cover 6b is carried out after the second staying 3b during disassembly.

  The hydraulic machine of this embodiment is a vertical shaft Francis turbine of a low specific speed machine. In this case, the protrusion of the lower cover 6 may interfere with carry-in and carry-out. Therefore, the lower cover 6 of the present embodiment is divided into a first lower cover 6a that does not include this protrusion and a second lower cover 6b that includes this protrusion. Thereby, it is possible to smoothly carry in and carry out the second staying 3b.

  In addition, the lower cover 6 of this embodiment is applicable also to hydraulic machines other than the vertical shaft Francis turbine of the low specific speed machine which has the same subject.

  Although several embodiments have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The novel machines and methods described herein can be implemented in a variety of other forms. In addition, various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made to the machine and method embodiments described in the present specification without departing from the scope of the invention. The appended claims and their equivalents are intended to include such forms and modifications as fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.

1: casing, 2: stay vane, 3: staying,
3a: first staying, 3b: second staying, 4: guide vane,
5: Upper hip, 6: Lower hip, 6a: First lower hip, 6b: Second lower hip,
7: Guide vane opening / closing mechanism, 8: Runner, 9: Main shaft, 10: Draft tube

Claims (7)

A casing into which water flows from the reservoir,
A stay vane that is a fixed wing provided on the inner diameter side of the casing;
A staying including a first portion provided on the inner diameter side of the casing, and an inner diameter side of the first portion, the first portion and a second portion that can be divided;
A guide vane that is a movable vane provided on the inner diameter side of the stay vane;
An upper cover provided on an upper portion of the guide vane;
A lower cover provided at a lower portion of the guide vane;
A guide vane opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the guide vane;
A runner rotating with water flowing from the casing;
A main shaft that transmits the rotational motion of the runner to a generator;
A draft tube into which the water that has rotated the runner flows;
With hydraulic machine.   The said 1st part contains the mounting part for mounting the said 2nd part, and the said 2nd part is mounted in the upper part of the mounting part mentioned above of the said 1st part. Listed hydraulic machine.   The hydraulic machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an outermost diameter of the second portion is smaller than an innermost diameter of the casing.   The hydraulic machine according to claim 1, wherein the second part is fastened to the first part by a fastener.   The lower cover includes a first lower cover provided at a lower portion of the guide vane, and a second lower cover that is provided at a lower portion of the first lower cover and can be divided from the first lower cover. The hydraulic machine according to any one of 1 to 4. A casing into which water flows from the reservoir,
A stay vane that is a fixed wing provided on the inner diameter side of the casing;
Staying provided on the inner diameter side of the casing;
A guide vane that is a movable vane provided on the inner diameter side of the stay vane;
An upper cover provided on an upper portion of the guide vane;
A lower cover provided at a lower portion of the guide vane;
A guide vane opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the guide vane;
A runner rotating with water flowing from the casing;
A main shaft that transmits the rotational motion of the runner to a generator;
A draft tube into which the water that has rotated the runner flows;
An assembly / disassembly method for a hydraulic machine comprising:
When assembling the hydraulic machine, carry in the first portion of the staying on the inner diameter side of the casing,
After carrying in the first part, carry in the second part of the staying on the inner diameter side of the first part,
A method for assembling and disassembling a hydraulic machine. When disassembling the hydraulic machine, carry out the second part from the inner diameter side of the casing,
After unloading the second part, unload the first part from the inner diameter side of the casing,
The assembly / disassembly method of the hydraulic machine of Claim 6 provided with this.

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