JP2004360705A - Hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hydraulic machine which can be easily dissembled or assembled such as a hydraulic turbine, a pump or a pump hydraulic turbine or the like. <P>SOLUTION: An intermediate shaft 51, which has a scheduled length and is removable, is arranged at a main shaft 31 of the hydraulic turbine. Then a transfer path 53 heading for a hatch 52 for bringing into or taking out the hydraulic machine is opened at the circumferential surface of a barrel 37. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydraulic machine such as a water turbine, a pump or a pump turbine, and more particularly to a hydraulic machine that can be easily disassembled and assembled.

  2. Description of the Related Art Generally, hydraulic machines such as a water wheel and a pump are installed in a building having a two-floor structure or a building having a barrel structure. FIG. 15 shows a conventional hydraulic machine installed in a building having a barrel-type structure. This hydraulic machine is arranged on a casing 1 connected to an iron pipe for guiding water from an upper pond (not shown) and an inner periphery of the casing 1. And a stay ring 2 composed of a ring forming the flow path by sandwiching the stay vane 2a and the stay vane 2a vertically.

  The staying 2 is provided with an upper flange 2b and a lower flange 2c, and the upper cover 3 is provided with an upper cover flange 3a. The upper cover 3 is provided with the upper cover flange 3a. It is attached to the staying 2 by bolting to the upper flange 2b.

  On the other hand, the lower cover 4 is provided with a lower cover flange 4a, and the lower cover 4 is attached to the staying 2 by bolting the lower cover flange 4a to the lower flange 2c.

  Guide vanes 5 are arranged in a circular cascade in the flow path between the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 4 inside the stay vane 2a, and the upper spindle 5a of the guide vane 5 The lower spindle 5b of the guide vane 5 is rotatably supported by a lower bearing 8 provided on the lower cover 4 by an upper bearing 6 and an intermediate bearing 7 provided on the cover 3. The water whose flow rate has been adjusted by the guide vanes 5 flows to the runner 9, and the water flowing from the runner 9 passes through the upper suction pipe 10 and is discharged from the suction pipe liner to the water discharge passage.

  The runner 9 is connected to the lower end of the water turbine main shaft 11, and the rotational torque of the runner 9 is transmitted to a generator via the water turbine main shaft 11 to generate power.

  An outer peripheral seal on the side of the runner crown 9a is formed on the upper cover 3, and a guide vane arm 12, a guide vane ring 13, and a guide ring 14 are provided on the upper cover 3, respectively.

  Further, a lower pit liner 15 and an upper pit liner 16 for forming pits of a water turbine are installed above the staying 2, and both pit liners 15, 16 are provided with concrete as shown in FIG. A water turbine barrel 17 is provided. The water turbine barrel 17 can sufficiently support the generator stationary part weight, rotating part weight, water thrust load during operation, and the like, which are loaded on the lower pit liner 15. The size of the water turbine room 19 is determined in consideration of the size of the water turbine barrel 17 and the maintenance space for the auxiliary equipment installed in the water turbine room 19.

  In the hydraulic machine having the above configuration, particularly in a generator of a large capacity pump-turbine, the generator lower bearing bracket is provided with a thrust bearing and a lower guide bearing, but is not deformed even when a thrust load is applied. In order to increase rigidity, it is necessary to reduce the diameter as much as possible. In order to reduce the diameter of the generator lower bearing bracket, the inner diameter of the upper pit liner 16 to which the lower bearing bracket is attached must be reduced.

  Therefore, conventionally, the upper cover 3 which is a large-sized structure of the hydraulic machine and which needs to be disassembled for maintenance is divided into four parts, and the inner diameter of the upper pit liner 16 is raised by lifting each of these divided pieces upward. The minimum dimensions required are determined. For this reason, the inner diameter of the upper pit liner 16 is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower pit liner 15.

  Since the conventional upper cover 3 has a four-part structure as described above, the upper cover 3 is assembled by assembling each quarter piece on the guide vane 5 according to a complicated procedure, and furthermore, joining the joints with bolts To form an integral upper cover 3, which must be mounted on the upper spindle 5 a of the guide vane 5.

  By the way, since the upper cover 3 must be assembled by hanging a heavy object from above through a narrow upper pit liner 16 with a crane and at a high position on the guide vane 5 and in a narrow pit, a number of skilled technicians are required. You have to work carefully over time.

  In the on-site assembly of the hydraulic machine, in order to center the stationary parts, first, the upper cover 3 is temporarily assembled and the centering work is performed, and after the completion, the upper cover 3 is disassembled and lifted. After the main shaft 11 is inserted, the upper cover 3 is reassembled, and the hydraulic machine is installed on site.

  For this reason, assembling, disassembling, reassembling, and on-site work processes of the upper cover 3 are required for about two weeks. In recent years, in the on-site installation work, there is a tendency that the process is shortened and the power supply amount is rapidly increased. The shortening of the assembling work of the upper cover 3 is a major problem.

  Also, in manufacturing, by dividing into four parts, the number of manufacturing days becomes about 1.5 times as long as that of the integrated type, the cost becomes high, and the structural strength is disadvantageous.

  The outer diameter of the water turbine barrel 17 is made of concrete that withstands the total weight of the stationary part weight and the rotating part weight of the generator and the water thrust load generated during operation of the hydraulic machine with respect to the inner diameter of the lower pit liner 15. The dimension is the sum of the required thickness. In addition, the inner diameter of the lower pit liner 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the upper cover 3 because it is necessary to secure a working space for a tool for tightening the upper cover mounting bolt. Therefore, the outer diameter of the water turbine barrel is larger. Therefore, the maintenance space for the auxiliary equipment on the floor of the water turbine room cannot be sufficiently secured, and in some cases, the floor is enlarged, which leads to an increase in construction costs.

  Also, the height of the lower pit liner 15 is set to a height at which the divided piece of the upper cover 3 is placed on the guide vane 5 because the disassembly and assembly of the upper cover 3 needs to be temporarily put on the guide vane 5 as described above. A space in the vertical direction is required, and the dimension for securing the space is the height of the lower pit liner 15. And since the installation position of the generator is determined based on the height of the lower pit liner 15, even if it is desired to lower the height of the generator to lower the height of the building, the assembling method of the upper cover 3 is not required. As long as it does not change, it cannot be reduced, and the construction period and cost cannot be reduced.

  In addition, since the installation position of the generator is high, the shaft lengths of the water turbine main shaft 11 and the generator shaft become longer and the dangerous speed becomes lower. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the shaft diameter to increase rigidity.

  Further, in the hydraulic machine, the runner 9 and the guide vane 5 need to be repaired due to erosion due to cavitation and earth and sand wear during operation. When the runner 9 or the guide vane 5 is carried out for repair, the generator is disassembled. Must be lifted upward. For this reason, it is necessary to disassemble the generator and also disassemble the set of parts mounted on the upper cover 3, which significantly increases the repair period. In particular, recently, with the increase in capacity and miniaturization of the hydraulic machine, cavitation and earth and sand wear have shortened the repair interval, and there is a demand for shortening the repair period from the viewpoint of improving operating efficiency.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic machine that can disassemble and carry out parts of a hydraulic machine without disassembling and carrying out a generator.

  The present invention relates to a stake having a stay vane, an upper cover and a lower cover disposed on the inner peripheral side of the stake, a guide vane disposed in a flow path between these two covers, and a flow rate adjusted by the guide vane. A hydraulic machine installed in a barrel of a building, comprising: a runner that transfers energy between the runner and water; and a shaft that rotates together with the runner. A shaft is provided, and a transport path leading to a hatch for carrying in / out the hydraulic machine is opened on the peripheral surface of the barrel. Thus, it is possible to disassemble and carry out the parts of the hydraulic machine without disassembling and carrying out the generator.

  The present invention is further characterized in that the hatch also serves as a hatch for carrying in / out the inlet valve. This eliminates the need for a hatch dedicated to hydraulic machinery and makes it possible to reduce the space in the building.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while providing the detachable intermediate shaft which has a predetermined length to the water turbine main shaft which rotates with a runner, opening the conveyance path to the hatch for hydraulic machine carrying in / out on the peripheral surface of a barrel. As a result, parts of the hydraulic machine can be disassembled and carried out without disassembling and transporting the generator.

  According to the present invention, the hatch also serves as a hatch for carrying in / out the inlet valve, so that a hatch dedicated to the hydraulic machine is not required, and the space in the building can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a hydraulic machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This hydraulic machine is installed in a barrel-type building, and is connected to an iron pipe that guides water from an upper pond (not shown). The housing includes a spirally wound casing 21 connected thereto, and a staying 22 arranged on the inner periphery of the casing 21 to form a flow path by vertically sandwiching the stay vanes 22a. An upper cover 23 and a lower cover 24 are arranged inside the stay ring 22 so as to be vertically opposed to each other, and these are integrally connected to the stay ring 22 by bolts. A guide vane 25 is arranged inside the air passage and in the flow path between the two covers 23 and 24.

  The upper spindle 25a of the guide vane 25 is rotatably supported by an upper bearing 26 and an intermediate bearing 27 provided on the stay ring 22, as shown in FIGS. 25b is rotatably supported by a lower bearing 28 provided on the lower cover 24. Thus, the guide vane 25 can be detached from the lower side after disassembly of the upper suction pipe 30 and the lower cover 24, which will be described later, and can be assembled, so that it does not affect the disassembly and assembly of the upper cover 23. .

  The water whose flow rate has been adjusted by the guide vanes 25 flows to the runner 29 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the water flowing from the runner 29 is connected under the lower cover 24 so as to be disassembled and assembled. It passes through the upper suction pipe 30 and is further discharged from the suction pipe liner 18 to the water discharge passage.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the runner 29 is connected to the lower end of a water turbine main shaft 31. Rotational torque of the runner 29 is transmitted to a generator via the water turbine main shaft 31 to generate power. It has become. The outer peripheral portion of the runner crown 29a of the runner 29 faces the inner peripheral portion of the stay ring 22, and the inner peripheral portion of the stay ring 22 forms an outer peripheral seal on the runner crown 29a side. The runner 29 can be disassembled and assembled on the lower side by disassembling the lower cover 24 and on the upper side by disassembling the upper cover 23.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the upper cover 23 includes a bottom plate 23a forming a runner back pressure chamber, an upper ring 23b supporting a guide ring 34 and a bearing base 38, and a taper connecting the bottom plate 23a and the upper ring 23b. It is configured as an integral structure from the cylindrical side plate 23c, and the pitch circle of the mounting bolts is set inside the pitch circle of the guide vane 25. Thus, the inner diameter of the lower pit liner 35 described below can be reduced to the vicinity of the guide vane arm 32.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the guide vane arm 32 is mounted on an upper bearing 26 at the upper end of the stay ring 22. The guide vane arm 32 is connected to a guide ring 34 via the guide vane ring 23. I have.

  A lower pit liner 35 and an upper pit liner 36 which form a pit of the turbine are installed above the stelling 22, and the outer periphery of both pit liners 35, 36 is provided with a concrete-hardened water turbine barrel. 37 are provided. The water turbine barrel 37 can sufficiently support the generator stationary part weight, rotating part weight, water thrust load during operation, etc., which are loaded on the lower pit liner 35.

  Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  When repairing erosion due to cavitation of the runner 29 or wear due to earth and sand, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper suction pipe 30 is first disassembled, the lower cover 24 is disassembled, and these are passed through the draft inspection passage to the outside. To be carried out.

  Next, a runner inspection stand 39 is set on the suction pipe liner 18, and then the coupling bolt is removed to remove the runner 29 from the water axle 31, and the runner 29 is hung on the runner inspection stand 39. The runner 29 is repaired in this state.

  4 (a) and 4 (b) compare the height dimension of the hydraulic machine using the split type upper cover 3 of the conventional structure and the hydraulic machine using the integrated upper cover 23 of the present invention. Things.

  In the conventional hydraulic machine shown in FIG. 4A, since the upper cover 3 needs to be assembled on the guide vanes 5, a work space 40 is required. In consideration of the work space 40, the height of the lower pit liner 15 is increased. Is determined. Further, the thickness of the concrete required for the foundation of the generator lower bracket is added to this, and the lower bracket installation surface 41 is determined. Then, the generator floor bottom surface 42 is determined from the lower bracket installation surface 41.

  On the other hand, in the hydraulic machine of the present invention shown in FIG. 4B, the upper cover 23 has a small size and an integral structure, and can be lifted through the upper pit liner 36 as it is. Therefore, the height of the lower pit liner 35 can be reduced. As a result, the lower bracket mounting surface 41 and the generator floor bottom surface 42 of the generator can also be lowered, and the cost of connecting the hydroelectric power plant can be reduced.

  Since the upper bearing 26 and the intermediate bearing 27 for the upper spindle 25a of the guide vane 25 are provided on the staying 22, the lower cover 24 and the upper suction pipe 30 are disassembled to lower the guide vane 25. Can be taken out and repaired. In addition, since the runner 29 can also be taken out below and repaired in the draft inspection path, there is no need to disassemble the generator during these repairs.

  Further, since the pitch circle of the mounting bolts of the upper cover 23 is located inside the pitch circle of the guide vane 25, the upper cover 23 can be made small and can be lifted through the upper pit liner 36 as it is even in an integrated structure. For this reason, the on-site installation process can be significantly shortened, and the manufacturing period at the manufacturer can also be shortened. Further, since the outer diameter of the upper cover 23 is reduced, the water pressure applied to the lower portion of the upper cover 23 becomes inside the runner outer peripheral seal, so that the pressure can be reduced and the amount of bending of the upper cover 23 due to the water pressure is reduced. be able to.

  It should be noted that the downsizing of the upper cover 23 reduces the inner diameter of the staking ring 22 and receives a large amount of water pressure. However, since the staking ring 22 is buried in concrete on the outer periphery and is firmly fixed, the Deformation poses almost no problem in practice.

  5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the present invention. An intermediate shaft 51 is detachably provided on a water wheel shaft 11 of a conventional hydraulic machine shown in FIG. 15, and a lower pit liner 15 is provided. A transport path 53 is opened in the peripheral surface of the hydraulic machine toward the hatch 52 for carrying in the hydraulic machine, so that disassembled parts of the hydraulic machine can be carried in and out without disassembling the generator 54.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 6, an intermediate shaft 51 having a predetermined length is detachably provided at the upper end of the water wheel shaft 11, and the peripheral surface of the lower pit liner 15 has The transport path 53 toward the hatch 52 is open. As shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, a loading / unloading rail 55 is buried in the lower pit liner 15 and the transport path 53, and disassembled parts of the hydraulic machine are mounted on the loading / unloading rail 55. Is handled by using a carriage 56 or a lifting device 57 that travels on the vehicle. Thereby, the disassembled parts of the hydraulic machine can be carried in and out without disassembling the generator 54. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 58 denotes a hatch cover.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.

  When disassembling and assembling the hydraulic machine, first, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the generator 54 is first disassembled without disassembly, and the disassembled intermediate shaft 51 is carried out using the bogie 56. .

  Next, the guide vane arm 12, the guide vane link 13 and the guide ring 14 are disassembled, and thereafter, the upper cover 3 is integrally lifted using the lifting device 57 and mounted on the carriage 56 as shown in FIG. Then, the upper cover 3 is carried out using the carriage 56. FIG. 10 shows this state.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the water wheel axle 11 and the runner 9 are separated, the water wheel axle 11 is first carried out, and then the runner 9 is carried out as shown in FIG. This results in a disassembled state.

  The above is the procedure for disassembly, but the procedure for disassembly is the reverse of that for disassembly.

  Thus, by disposing the intermediate shaft 51 with the transport path 53, the disassembled parts can be carried in and out by the hydraulic machine without disassembling the generator 54. For this reason, disassembly and assembling work can be performed in the same short construction period as a two-floor building, while securing the strength of the barrel-type building. In particular, the overhaul of the generator is about once every ten years, whereas the overhaul of the hydraulic machine needs to be performed about every three years. Loading and unloading has a great effect in practice. In addition, the two-floor type building structure is inferior in strength to the barrel type building structure, and is hardly used for the vertical pump-turbine.

  FIGS. 13 and 14 show a third embodiment of the present invention, in which a hatch 62 and a transport path 63 are used instead of the hatch 52 and the transport path 53 in the second embodiment. It is.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, a transport path 63 toward the hatch 62 for carrying in / out the inlet valve 60 is opened on the peripheral surface of the lower pit liner 15, and the disassembled parts of the hydraulic machine are Are transported to the hatch 62 via the transport path 63, and are carried in / out via the hatch 62. In FIG. 14, reference numeral 68 denotes a hatch cover.

  Since the hatch 62 for carrying in / out the inlet valve 60 is used, the space of the building can be reduced.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of a hydraulic machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part similar to FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing a state at the time of repair of the runner. (A) is a configuration diagram of a conventional hydraulic machine using a divided upper cover, and (b) is a configuration diagram of a hydraulic machine of the present invention using an integrated upper cover. The top view of the hydraulic machine which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. VI-VI sectional drawing of FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a state before disassembly in the disassembly method of the hydraulic machine in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a state where the intermediate shaft is removed from the state of FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a state where the upper cover is lifted from the state of FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the upper cover has been carried out from the state of FIG. 9. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which removed the water wheel axle from the state of FIG. FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the runner is removed from the state in FIG. 11. FIG. 15 is a fifth equivalent diagram showing an aspect of the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along line XIV-XIV in FIG. 13. Sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the conventional hydraulic machine. The top view of the hydraulic machine.

Explanation of reference numerals

2,22 Staying 2a, 22a Stay vane 3,23 Upper cover 4,24 Lower cover 5,25 Guide vane 5a, 25a Upper spindle 5b, 25b Lower spindle 6,26 Upper bearing 7,27 Intermediate bearing 8,28 Lower bearing 9 , 29 runner 9a, 29a runner crown 10, 30 upper suction pipe 11, 31 water turbine main shaft 12, 32 guide vane arm 13, 33 guide vane ring 14, 34 guide ring 15, 35 lower pit liner 16, 36 upper pit liner 17, 37 Water turbine barrel 18 Suction pipe liner 23a Bottom plate 23b Upper ring 23c Side plate 38 Bearing stand 51 Intermediate shafts 52, 62 Hatch 53, 63 Transport path 54 Generator 60 Inlet valve

Claims (2)

  An upper cover and a lower cover, a guide vane disposed in a flow path between the two covers, a runner that transfers energy between water whose flow rate is adjusted by the guide vane, and a water turbine main shaft that rotates with the runner. In the hydraulic machine installed in the barrel of the building, the turbine main shaft is provided with a detachable intermediate shaft having a predetermined length, and on the peripheral surface of the barrel, a hatch for carrying in / out the hydraulic machine is provided. A hydraulic machine characterized by having an open transport path.   The hydraulic machine according to claim 2, wherein the hatch also serves as a hatch for carrying in / out the inlet valve.

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