JP2013096245A - Hydraulic machine, and method for disassembling the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydraulic machine equipped with an upper cover of such a structure as able to reduce the stress in a stay vane and unlikely to be influenced by the split seal welding of a stay ring.SOLUTION: The hydraulic machine is equipped with: the stay ring having the stay vane; the upper cover and a lower cover arranged at an inner periphery of the stay ring; and a guide vane installed in a passage between the upper cover and the lower cover. Further the hydraulic machine is equipped with: a runner to convert the energy of the water flowing in from the guide vane into a rotational energy; and a spindle to transmit the rotational energy of the runner to a power generator. The upper cover has an outer upper cover having a guide vane penetration hole penetrated by the rotary shaft of the guide vane, and an inner upper cover installed nearer to a power generator spindle than the outer upper cover.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a hydraulic machine and a decomposition method thereof.

  When building a new hydroelectric power plant, manufacturers need to consider various customer requirements such as high performance, high efficiency, long life, easy disassembly and assembly, easy maintenance, and improved work efficiency. Manufacturers conduct various R & D and designs to meet these customer requirements or to differentiate themselves from other companies. In recent years, as one of such customer requests, there is a strong demand for shortening the local installation period during construction and overhaul.

  8 and 9 are cross-sectional views showing the structure of a conventional hydraulic machine. The hydraulic machines in FIGS. 8 and 9 are all Francis turbines, and include a casing 1, a staying 2 having a stay vane 2a, an upper cover 3, a lower cover 4, and a guide vane 5 having a rotating shaft 5a. Upper suction pipe 6, runner 7, turbine main shaft 8, lower pit liner 9, upper pit liner 10, turbine barrel 11, upper cover seat liner 12, lower cover seat liner 13, and generator main shaft 14 And.

  In FIG. 8, the upper suction pipe 6 is embedded with concrete. On the other hand, in FIG. 9, the upper suction pipe 6 is not buried, and a draft inspection path P that can carry out the upper suction pipe 6 and the lower cover 4 is provided. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 9, the runner 7 and the guide vane 5 can be maintained in the inspection path P or at the place leaving the inspection path P without disassembling the hydraulic machine, and the overhaul construction period can be shortened. it can.

  In the case of FIG. 9, the equipment located below the lower cover 4 can be maintained, but how to maintain the equipment located above the lower cover 4 becomes a problem. 9, the outermost diameter of the upper cover 3 is designed to be smaller than the innermost diameter of the upper pit liner 10. Therefore, the upper cover 3 can be integrally suspended from the pit without being divided, and the overhaul construction period can be further shortened.

  However, in FIG. 9, since the outermost diameter of the upper cover 3 is designed to be smaller than usual, guide vane skewer portions H that are normally provided in the upper cover 3 are provided in the staying 2. The guide vane skewer portion H is a hole through which the rotation shaft 5 a of the guide vane 5 passes.

  In this case, since the water pressure applied to the staying 2 increases more than usual, it is considered that the stress of the stay vane 2a increases. In addition, since seal welding is performed on the split of the staying 2 having the divided structure, there is a possibility that the member near the split may be deformed by this welding. The dimensions of the surface, guide vane skewer H, seat liner attachment, and the like may vary, and there may be a need for countermeasures such as on-site upsetting. Furthermore, since the outermost diameter of the upper cover 3 is smaller than usual, the guide vane 5 and the sheet liners 12 and 13 are always pulled out from below, and the range and method of overhaul are limited.

JP-A-6-81760 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-195917

  An object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic machine including an upper cover having a structure that can reduce the stress of a stay vane and is less susceptible to the influence of split seal welding of a staying, and a method for disassembling the hydraulic machine.

  A hydraulic machine according to an embodiment is disposed in a flow path between a staying having a stay vane, an upper cover and a lower cover disposed on an inner peripheral side of the staying, and the upper cover and the lower cover. A guide vane. Further, the machine includes a runner that converts energy of water flowing from the guide vane into rotational energy, and a main shaft that transmits the rotational energy of the runner to a generator. Further, the upper cover includes an outer upper cover having a guide vane skewer portion through which a rotation shaft of the guide vane passes, and an inner upper cover disposed on an inner peripheral side with respect to the outer upper cover.

  In another embodiment, the pit includes an upper cover and a lower cover disposed on the inner peripheral side of the staying, and a guide vane disposed in a flow path between the upper cover and the lower cover. The upper cover has an outer upper cover having a guide vane skew hole portion through which a rotating shaft of the guide vane passes, and an inner and upper cover disposed on the inner peripheral side of the outer upper cover. Is the method. In the method, the inner upper cover is lifted out of the pit and carried out, and after the inner upper cover is carried out, the outer upper cover is disassembled into a plurality of covers in the pit.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 1st Embodiment. It is a top view which shows the structure of a staying, an outer upper cover, and an inner upper cover. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the hydraulic machine of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing (1/3) which shows the decomposition | disassembly procedure of the hydraulic machine of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing (2/3) which shows the decomposition | disassembly procedure of the hydraulic machine of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing (3/3) which shows the decomposition | disassembly procedure of the hydraulic machine of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the decomposition | disassembly procedure of the hydraulic machine of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the conventional hydraulic machine. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the conventional hydraulic machine.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the first embodiment.

  In general, a hydraulic machine such as a water turbine or a pump is installed in a two-floor structure or a barrel structure. The hydraulic machine in FIG. 1 corresponds to a Francis turbine installed in a barrel-type building. In FIG. 1, the left side is the inner peripheral side of the hydraulic machine, and the right side is the outer peripheral side of the hydraulic machine.

  1 includes a casing 1, a staying 2 having a stay vane 2a, an upper cover 3, a lower cover 4, a guide vane 5 having a rotating shaft 5a, an upper suction pipe 6, a runner 7, Turbine main shaft 8, lower pit liner 9, upper pit liner 10, water turbine barrel 11, upper cover seat liner 12, lower cover seat liner 13, generator main shaft 14, guide vane arm 21, and guide ring 22, a bearing stand 23, and a main shaft sealing device 24.

  In the hydraulic machine of FIG. 1, water from the upper pond flows from the casing 1 through the staying 2 into the runner 7. The casing 1 is connected to an iron pipe that conducts water from the upper pond, and the staying 2 sandwiches a stay vane 2a up and down to form a flow path.

  The upper cover 3 (3a and 3b) and the lower cover 4 are disposed on the inner peripheral side of the staying 2, and are fastened to the staying 2 with bolts. The guide vanes 5 are arranged in a circular blade row in the flow path between the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 4. The upper cover 3 and the lower cover 4 are disposed above and below the flow path, respectively. The hydraulic machine in FIG. 1 can adjust the flow rate of water flowing into the runner 7 by rotating the rotating shaft 5 a of the guide vane 5. Reference numerals 12 and 13 denote an upper cover sheet liner 12 and a lower cover sheet liner 13, respectively.

  The water whose flow rate is adjusted by the guide vane 5 flows into the runner 7. The runner 7 converts the energy of the water flowing in from the guide vane 5 into rotational energy. The rotational energy of the runner 7 is transmitted to the generator (not shown) by the main shafts 8 and 14. The main shafts 8 and 14 are constituted by a turbine main shaft 8 connected to the runner 7 and a generator main shaft 14 connected to a generator. The turbine main shaft 8 and the generator main shaft 14 are connected by a coupling portion C. Yes. The water flowing out of the runner 7 passes through the upper suction pipe 6 and is discharged from the suction pipe liner to the water discharge channel.

  The lower pit liner 9 and the upper pit liner 10 form a turbine pit in the upper portion of the staying 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the pit liners 9 and 10 are provided with a water turbine barrel 11 hardened with concrete.

  In FIG. 1, the upper suction pipe 6 is not buried, and a draft inspection path P that can carry out the upper suction pipe 6 and the lower cover 4 is provided.

(1) Structure of staying 2 and upper cover 3 In the present embodiment, the upper cover 3 includes an outer upper cover 3a disposed on the outer peripheral side and an inner upper cover 3b disposed on the inner peripheral side. (FIG. 1). The outer cover 3a has a guide vane skew hole H through which the rotation shaft 5a of the guide vane 5 passes, and is fastened to the staying 2 with bolts. The inner upper cover 3b is disposed on the inner peripheral side with respect to the outer upper cover 3a, and is fastened to the outer upper cover 3a with bolts.

  Hereinafter, the structure of the staying 2 and the upper cover 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

  FIG. 2 is a top view showing structures of the staying 2, the outer upper cover 3a, and the inner upper cover 3b.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the staying 2, the outer upper cover 3a, and the inner upper cover 3b all have a generally ring-shaped planar shape. However, the inner upper cover 3b has an undivided structure, whereas the outer upper cover 3a has a four-divided structure divided into four covers. These covers have a fan-shaped planar shape having a central angle of about 90 degrees, and the outer upper cover 3a is formed by assembling these four covers. Further, like the outer upper cover 3a, the staying 2 has a four-part structure.

  In this embodiment, the assembly of the staying 2 and the upper cover 3 is performed as follows. First, the four divided parts constituting the staying 2 are welded together. Next, four divided parts (covers) constituting the outer upper cover 3a are fastened to the staying 2 with bolts. At this time, rubber packing is interposed between the staying 2 and the outer upper cover 3a and between the four divided portions constituting the outer upper cover 3a. Moreover, these divided parts are also fastened with bolts. Next, the inner upper cover 3b is fastened to the outer upper cover 3a with a bolt. At this time, rubber packing is interposed between the outer upper cover 3a and the inner upper cover 3b.

  The outer cover 3a may have a two-part structure, a three-part structure, or an N-part structure (N is an integer of 5 or more). However, in the case of the two-divided structure, it is necessary to incline the divided portion when lifting the divided portion. Further, in the case of the three-part structure, the shape and structure of the part is complicated compared to the case of the four-part structure. In addition, in the case of the N-divided structure, the assembly of the divided parts becomes troublesome as compared to the case of the 4-divided structure. Therefore, it is desirable that the outer upper cover 3a has a four-part structure. The staying 2 may also have a two-part structure, a three-part structure, or an N-part structure.

  In FIG. 2B, a guide vane skewer portion H provided in the outer upper cover 3b is shown. FIG. 1 described above is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c). On the other hand, FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view along the line B-B ′ shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the hydraulic machine according to the first embodiment. However, FIG. 3 shows a cross section different from FIG. 1 as described above.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic machine of the present embodiment is installed between the outer packing 31 installed between the staying 2 and the outer upper cover 3a, and the four covers constituting the outer upper cover 3a. And the inner packing 33 set between the outer upper cover 3a and the inner upper cover 3b. These packings 31 to 33 prevent water leakage from the flow path. In the present embodiment, these packings 31 to 33 are made of rubber, but may be made of a material other than rubber.

(2) Operational Effects of First Embodiment Next, the operational effects of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 again.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the upper cover 3 includes the outer upper cover 3a and the inner upper cover 3b. Further, in the present embodiment, the guide vane skew hole portion H is provided not in the staying 2 but in the outer upper cover 3a.

  In the conventional example of FIG. 9, the guide vane skewer portion H is provided in the staying 2. Therefore, in the case of this conventional example, a large water pressure is applied to the staying 2. On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the guide vane skewer portion H is provided in the outer upper cover 3a, the water pressure applied to the staying 2 is smaller than that in the conventional example. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the stress of the stay vane 2a can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, since the guide vane skew hole portion H is provided in the outer upper cover 3a, the runner facing surface, the guide vane skew hole portion H, the seat liner mounting portion, and the like, which are main dimensions, are provided on the outer upper cover 3a. include. Therefore, these major dimension portions are far away from the split of the staying 2, and are less susceptible to the effect of the split seal welding of the staying 2. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is not necessary to perform on-site upset processing or the like, and the on-site installation process can be shortened. As a result, processing costs such as upsetting can be reduced.

  In this embodiment, since the outer upper cover 3a has a divided structure, the outer upper cover 3a can be disassembled in the pit and hung out from the pit. Therefore, it is possible to suspend the guide vane 5, the seat liners 12, 13 and the like from above using the space formed by suspending the outer upper cover 3a. Therefore, according to this embodiment, according to the purpose at the time of overhaul, it is possible to select whether these are suspended from the top or pulled out from the bottom.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the stress of the stay vane 2a can be reduced, it is difficult to be affected by the split seal welding of the staying 2, and the guide vane 5 and the seat liners 12 and 13 can be suspended. The upper cover 3 can be realized.

(Second Embodiment)
In the second embodiment, the hydraulic machine of FIG. 1 is disassembled according to the procedure shown in FIGS. 4-6 is sectional drawing which shows the decomposition | disassembly procedure of the hydraulic machine of 2nd Embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the hydraulic machine is disassembled during overhaul, and the disassembled equipment is lifted and carried out of the pit to the outside of the pit. In this embodiment, after disassembling the hydraulic machine, first, the guide vane arm 21, guide ring 22, bearing base 23, main shaft sealing device 24, etc. shown in FIG. 1 are lifted and carried out of the pit to the outside of the pit (see FIG. 4).

  In a general hydraulic machine, next, the coupling bolt between the turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7 is removed, and the water turbine main shaft 8 is lifted and carried out of the pit. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the outermost diameter of the inner upper cover 3 b, that is, the diameter of the portion indicated by α is designed to be smaller than the outermost inner diameter of the upper pit liner 10. Furthermore, the innermost inner diameter of the inner and upper cover 3b, that is, the diameter of the portion indicated by β is designed to be larger than the diameter of the coupling portion C that connects the turbine main shaft 8 and the generator main shaft 14. In the present embodiment, the inner cover 3b is then suspended from the pit in a state where the turbine main shaft 8 is in the pit (FIG. 5).

  Further, in the present embodiment, the turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7 are designed in a shape that can be lifted integrally from the inside of the pit where the inner and upper cover 3b is carried out to the outside of the pit (FIG. 6). For example, the outermost diameter of the runner 7 is designed to be smaller than the outermost diameter of the outer upper cover 3a.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, next, the water turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7 are integrally hung out from the pit without removing the coupling bolt (FIG. 6). As a result, a large space is secured in the pit. Therefore, an operation such as disassembling the outer upper cover 3a into four in the pit is possible. Further, in the present embodiment, when the water turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7 are carried into the pit from outside the pit, the water turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7 are carried together while being fastened.

  As described above, the turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7 of the present embodiment have a shape that can be integrally lifted outside the pit from the inside of the pit where the inner and upper cover 3b is carried out. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, when disassembling and assembling the hydraulic machine, it is possible to carry out and carry in with the water turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7 being fastened, thereby shortening the work period of disassembly and assembly.

(Third embodiment)
In the third embodiment, the procedure shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is replaced with the procedure shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a disassembling procedure of the hydraulic machine according to the third embodiment.

  In this embodiment, first, the guide vane arm 21, the guide ring 22, the bearing base 23, the main shaft sealing device 24, and the like are lifted and carried out of the pit (FIG. 4). Next, without removing the coupling bolts of the water turbine main shaft 8 and the runner 7, the inner upper cover 3b is deposited in the runner 7, and the water turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner upper cover 3b are integrally moved from the pit to the pit. Hanging out (Fig. 7). Further, when the turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner / upper cover 3b are carried into the pit from the outside of the pit, the turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner / upper cover 3b are carried together.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the water turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner and upper cover 3b are designed to have a shape that can be integrally lifted from the inside of the pit to the outside of the pit (FIG. 7). For example, the outermost diameter of the runner 7 is designed to be smaller than the outermost diameter of the outer upper cover 3a. Further, the outermost diameter (the diameter indicated by α) of the inner upper cover 3 b is designed to be smaller than the innermost diameter of the upper pit liner 10.

  However, in the present embodiment, it is not necessary to design the innermost inner diameter (the diameter indicated by β) of the inner and upper cover 3b to be larger than the diameter of the coupling portion C that connects the turbine main shaft 8 and the generator main shaft 14. The reason is that the inner and upper cover 3b is suspended integrally with the water turbine main shaft 8 and the generator main shaft 14, and therefore does not need to be designed to avoid a collision with the coupling portion C.

  As described above, the turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner and upper cover 3b of the present embodiment have a shape that can be lifted integrally from the inside of the pit to the outside of the pit. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, when the hydraulic machine is disassembled and assembled, the turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner and upper cover 3b can be carried out and loaded together, and the work period of the disassembly and assembly can be shortened. .

  Compared to the second embodiment, the third embodiment has an advantage that the construction period can be shortened by the amount that the turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner upper cover 3b can be carried out and carried in at a time. On the other hand, the second embodiment is effective, for example, when it is too heavy to carry out and carry in the turbine main shaft 8, the runner 7, and the inner upper cover 3b at a time.

  The first to third embodiments have been described above. However, these embodiments are presented as examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms. Moreover, various modifications can be obtained by making various omissions, substitutions, and changes to these embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. These forms and modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and these forms and modifications are included in the claims and the scope equivalent thereto.

1: casing, 2: staying, 2a: stay vane,
3: upper cover, 3a: outer upper cover, 3b: inner upper cover, 4: lower cover,
5: guide vane, 5a: rotating shaft, 6: upper suction pipe, 7: runner, 8: turbine main shaft,
9: Lower pit liner, 10: Upper pit liner, 11: Turbine barrel,
12: Upper cover sheet liner, 13: Lower cover sheet liner, 14: Generator spindle,
21: Guide vane arm, 22: Guide ring,
23: bearing stand, 24: spindle sealing device,
31: Outer packing, 32: Split packing, 33: Inner packing

Claims (8)

Staying with stay vanes;
An upper cover and a lower cover disposed on the inner peripheral side of the staying;
A guide vane disposed in a flow path between the upper cover and the lower cover;
A runner for converting the energy of water flowing from the guide vane into rotational energy;
A main shaft that transmits rotational energy of the runner to a generator,
The upper cover is
An outer upper cover having a guide vane skewer portion through which the rotating shaft of the guide vane passes,
An inner upper cover disposed on the inner peripheral side of the outer upper cover;
Having hydraulic machine.   The hydraulic machine according to claim 1, wherein the outer upper cover has a structure divided into a plurality of covers. The main shaft includes a turbine main shaft connected to the runner, and a generator main shaft connected to the generator,
3. The hydraulic machine according to claim 1, wherein an innermost diameter of the inner upper cover is larger than a diameter of a coupling portion that connects the turbine main shaft and the generator main shaft.   The turbine main shaft included in the main shaft and the runner have a shape capable of being integrally lifted from the inside of the pit from which the inner and upper covers are carried out to the outside of the pit. Listed hydraulic machine.   5. The turbine main shaft included in the main shaft, the runner, and the inner and upper cover have a shape that can be lifted integrally from the inside of the pit to the outside of the pit. 6. Hydraulic machine. An upper cover and a lower cover disposed on the inner peripheral side of the staying, and a guide vane disposed in a flow path between the upper cover and the lower cover are provided in a pit, and the upper cover includes the guide A hydropower machine disassembling method comprising an outer upper cover having a guide vane skewer portion through which a rotating shaft of a vane passes, and an inner upper cover disposed on the inner peripheral side of the outer upper cover,
Lifting out the inner upper cover outside the pit,
After unloading the inner upper cover, disassemble the outer upper cover into a plurality of covers in the pit,
Disassembly method of hydraulic machine. The hydraulic machine further includes in the pit a runner that converts the energy of water flowing from the guide vane into rotational energy, and a main shaft that transmits the rotational energy of the runner to a generator.
The method for disassembling a hydraulic machine according to claim 6, wherein the turbine main shaft included in the main shaft and the runner are integrally lifted outside the pit after the inner upper cover is carried out. The hydraulic machine further includes in the pit a runner that converts the energy of water flowing from the guide vane into rotational energy, and a main shaft that transmits the rotational energy of the runner to a generator.
The method for disassembling a hydraulic machine according to claim 6, wherein the inner upper cover is lifted outside the pit integrally with the turbine main shaft included in the main shaft and the runner.

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