JP2019019939A - One-side bolt, fastening structure employing the same, and manufacturing method of fastening structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a one-side bolt capable of securing a long-term fastening force more surely while avoiding occurrence of fine crack caused by plastic deformation.SOLUTION: A one-side bolt comprises: a bolt body 2 including a head 20; a nut body 3 which is screwed to the bolt body 2 at the side of a distal end 2b; at least one slice body 4 connecting the head 20 with the nut body 3; and an elastic body 5 which is provided between the slice body 4 and the bolt body 2. The slice body 4 includes a proximal end 40 which is positioned closer to the head 20, and a distal end 41 which is positioned closer to the nut body 3. The elastic body 5 fixes the slice body 4 to the bolt body 2 in such a manner that the distal end 41 is positioned outside of the proximal end 40 with respect to a radial direction of the bolt body 2 while an external force does not act, and is configured to allow the distal end 41 to get closer to the bolt body 2 when an external force acts.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a one-side bolt that can be fastened by an operation from one side of a plate part to be fastened, a fastening structure using the same, and a method of manufacturing the fastening structure.

  As this type of one-side bolt that has been used in the past, for example, the configuration shown in Patent Document 1 below can be cited. That is, the conventional one-side bolt is constituted by a sleeve having a flange and a bolt body inserted through the sleeve. In such a one-side bolt, the sleeve and the bolt body are inserted into the through-hole of the plate portion, and then the bolt body is rotated to plastically deform a part of the sleeve to form a bulge portion swelled outward in the radial direction. And a board part is fastened by pinching a board part with a bulge part and a flange.

JP 11-159509 A

  In the conventional one-side bolt as described above, a part of the sleeve is plastically deformed to form a bulge portion bulging outward in the radial direction, so that a minute crack may occur in a part of the plastically deformed sleeve. is there. Even with such fine cracks, there is a risk that the strength of the bulge portion will be lowered and the fastening force will be lowered in the long term.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to avoid the generation of fine cracks due to plastic deformation and to ensure a long-term fastening force more reliably. It is to provide a one-side bolt that can.

  The one-side bolt according to the present invention includes a bolt body having a head, a nut body screwed into the front end side of the bolt body, at least one piece disposed between the head and the nut body, An elastic body connecting the section body and the bolt body, the section body has a proximal end located on the head side and a distal end located on the nut body side, and the elastic body The section body is fixed to the bolt body so that the distal end is located outside the base end in the radial direction of the bolt body, and the distal end is allowed to approach the bolt body when an external force is applied.

  A fastening structure according to the present invention includes first and second plate portions each having a through-hole and disposed so that the through-holes overlap each other, and the one-side bolt described above. A one-side bolt inserted through the through-hole from the head so that the first and second plate portions are positioned therebetween, and the nut body is pressed against one plate surface of the first and second plate portions In addition, the sliced body is pressed against the other plate surface of the first and second plate portions and the end surface of the head portion.

  A manufacturing method of a fastening structure according to the present invention is a manufacturing method of a fastening structure for manufacturing a fastening structure in which the first and second plate portions are fastened to each other using the one-side bolt. The second plate portion has through holes, and after arranging the first and second plate portions so that the through holes overlap each other, the external force is applied to the elastic body to bring the tip close to the bolt body. A step of inserting a one-side bolt into the through hole from the portion, and after the tip has passed through the through hole and the tip has been separated from the bolt body by restoring the elastic body, the nut body is rotated to pull back the bolt body, and the first and first A step of pressing the nut body against one plate surface of the two plate portions and pressing the section body against the other plate surface of the first and second plate portions and the end surface of the head.

  According to the one-side bolt of the present invention, the fastening structure using the same, and the manufacturing method of the fastening structure, the elastic body is cut so that the distal end is positioned outside the base end in the radial direction of the bolt body when no external force is applied. Since the body is fixed to the bolt body and the tip is allowed to approach the bolt body when an external force is applied, the one-side bolt is inserted into the through holes of the first and second plate portions. The nut body is pressed against one plate surface of the first and second plate portions, and the slice body is pressed against the other plate surface of the first and second plate portions and the end surface of the head portion, whereby the axial force The first and second plate portions can be fastened from one side without plastic deformation of the member exhibiting the above. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the fine crack by plastic deformation can be avoided, and long-term fastening force can be ensured more reliably.

It is a front view which shows the one-side bolt by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the one side volt | bolt along line II-II of FIG. It is a bottom view which shows the one-side bolt of FIG. It is a front view which shows the one side bolt of the state in which the front-end | tip of the piece body of FIG. 1 was brought close to the bolt body. It is a bottom view which shows the one side bolt of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the fastening structure using the one side bolt of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the one side bolt by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a front view which shows the one-side bolt by Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the one side volt | bolt along line IX-IX of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 is a front view showing a one-side bolt 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the one-side bolt 1 taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a bottom view which shows the one side volt | bolt 1. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the one-side bolt 1 includes a bolt body 2, a nut body 3, three pieces 4, and an elastic body 5.

  The bolt body 2 has a head portion 20, a screw portion 21, and a shaft portion 22.

  The head 20 is a cylindrical portion formed at one end of the bolt body 2. The head 20 may have other shapes such as a polygon. The head 20 is provided with an end face 20 a extending in the radial direction 2 a of the bolt body 2. The radial direction 2 a of the bolt body 2 is a direction orthogonal to the axial direction (extending direction) of the bolt body 2.

  The screw portion 21 is a cylindrical portion formed on the other end side of the bolt body 2. A screw 21 a is formed on the outer periphery of the screw portion 21. The screw 21 a is formed on the entire circumferential direction of the screw portion 21 or a part of the circumferential direction of the screw portion 21. An end surface of the screw portion 21 on the side opposite to the head portion 20 constitutes a tip 2b of the bolt body 2.

  The shaft portion 22 is a cylindrical portion formed between the head portion 20 and the screw portion 21. The head portion 20, the screw portion 21, and the shaft portion 22 are arranged coaxially with each other. The outer diameter 22 a (width) of the shaft portion 22 is smaller than the outer diameters of the head portion 20 and the screw portion 21.

  The nut body 3 is screwed to the front end 2 b side of the bolt body 2. The nut body 3 can have an outer shape of a polygonal column such as a hexagonal column. The width 3 a of the nut body 3 is made larger than the widths of the head part 20 and the screw part 21 of the bolt body 2. The width 3a of the nut body 3 can be defined by a diagonal distance or the like.

  The slice body 4 is a plate-like member disposed between the head 20 and the nut body 3. More specifically, the slice body 4 is disposed at the outer peripheral position of the shaft portion 22. As shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3, in this Embodiment, the cross section of each slice body 4 is made into circular arc shape. The section body 4 is configured by a member different from the bolt body 2. The slice body 4 has a proximal end 40 located on the head 20 side and a distal end 41 located on the nut body 3 side.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, three pieces 4 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the bolt body 2. The sections 4 are preferably arranged at equal intervals. The interval between the pieces 4 can be defined by the distance between the center positions in the width direction of the pieces 4.

  The bolt body 2, the nut body 3, and the slice body 4 can be made of any material such as iron or non-ferrous (aluminum, zinc, resin, etc.), for example, depending on the required strength.

  The elastic body 5 is made of a material or a member that can be compressed and restored, such as a highly restoring rubber body or a metal spring, and is provided between the bolt body 2 and the section body 4. And the slice body 4 are connected. As shown in FIG. 2, the elastic body 5 of the present embodiment includes a covering portion 50 that covers the peripheral surface of the shaft portion 22 of the bolt body 2, and an outer side in the radial direction 2 a of the bolt body 2 from the outer peripheral surface of the covering portion 50. And three connection portions 51 that extend in the direction and are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of each piece 4.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the elastic body 5 has a distal end 41 positioned outside the base end 40 with respect to the radial direction 2a of the bolt body 2 when no external force is applied (when no external force is applied or uncompressed). In this way, the section body 4 is fixed to the bolt body 2. That is, when the external force of the elastic body 5 is not applied, each section body 4 is inclined with respect to the axial direction of the bolt body 2 so that the front end 41 of each section body 4 expands on the front end 2b side of the bolt body 2. Has been extended. As shown in FIG. 3, when no external force is applied to the elastic body 5, the distance d 1 from the axial center C of the bolt body 2 to the tip 41 of the section body 4 in the radial direction of the bolt body 2 is the axial center C of the bolt body 2. To the outermost edge of the head 20 is longer than the distance d2.

  The base end 40 and the tip 41 of the section body 4 have end surfaces 40 a and 41 a that extend in the radial direction 2 a of the bolt body 2 when the external force of the elastic body 5 is not applied. These end surfaces 40a and 41a are constituted by planes. In FIG. 1, the end face 40 a of the base end 40 is shown as being in contact with the end face 20 a of the head 20, but the base end when no external force along the axial direction of the bolt body 2 is applied to the section body 4. Forty end surfaces 40 a may be separated from the end surface 20 a of the head 20.

  Next, FIG. 4 is a front view showing the one-side bolt 1 in a state where the tip 41 of the section body 4 in FIG. 1 is brought close to the bolt body 2, and FIG. 5 is a bottom view showing the one-side bolt 1 in FIG. It is. The elastic body 5 can be compressed when an external force is applied. The elastic body 5 is configured to allow the tip 41 of the section body 4 to approach the bolt body 2 when an external force is applied (when an external force is applied or during compression).

  In the one-side bolt 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, in a state where the slice body 4 is displaced until the inner peripheral surface of each slice body 4 comes closest to the shaft portion 22 as shown in FIG. 4. The sliced body 4 is configured to be hidden by the head 20 when the head 20 is viewed along the axial direction of the bolt body 2. That is, if the head 20 is a hole through which the head 20 can pass, the sliced body 4 can also pass through. However, it does not necessarily have to be configured as described above, and the section body 4 displaced until the inner peripheral surface of each section body 4 is closest to the shaft portion 22 is the diameter of the bolt body 2 from the outer edge of the head 20. It may protrude in the direction.

  Next, FIG. 6 is explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the fastening structure 6 using the one side bolt 1 of FIG. The one-side bolt 1 is used to fasten the first and second plate portions 61 and 62 having through holes 61a and 62a, respectively. The diameters of the through holes 61 a and 62 a are larger than the diameter of the head 20 and smaller than the width of the nut body 3. If the diameter of the head 20 is 12 mm, the diameter of the through holes 61a and 62a may be about 14 mm so that there is a clearance of 1 mm on both sides of the head 20 inserted through the through holes 61a and 62a. it can. The diameters of the through holes 61a and 62a of the first and second plate portions 61 and 62 may be different from each other.

  First, as shown to (a) of FIG. 6, after arrange | positioning the 1st and 2nd board parts 61 and 62 so that the through-holes 61a and 62a may mutually overlap, it is one side from the head 20 to the through-holes 61a and 62a. Insert the bolt 1. At this time, the elastic body 5 is compressed so that the tip 41 of the slice body 4 is brought close to the bolt body 2 by pressing the slice body 4 against the outer edges of the through holes 61a and 62a.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the one-side bolt 1 is inserted through the through holes 61a and 62a until the tip 41 of the section body 4 exceeds the through holes 61a and 62a, the elastic body 5 By restoration, the tip 41 of the section body 4 is separated from the bolt body 2. After inserting the one-side bolt 1 into the through holes 61a and 62a up to this position, the nut body 3 is rotated to pull back the bolt body 2, and the plate surface of the first plate portion 61 as shown in FIG. The nut body 3 is pressed against the section body 4, and the section body 4 is pressed against the plate surface of the second plate portion 62 and the end surface 20 a of the head portion 20. At this time, an axial force is generated by the section 4 being stretched between the plate surface of the second plate portion 62 and the end surface 20 a of the head portion 20. The first and second plate portions 61 and 62 are fastened by this axial force. The section 4 is pressed against the plate surface of the second plate portion 62 and the end surface 20 a of the head 20 in the elastic region of the section 4. That is, in the one-side bolt 1 of the present embodiment, the first and second plate portions 61 and 62 are operated from one side without any plastic deformation of the member that exhibits the axial force including the section body 4. Fastening of the 1st and 2nd board parts 61 and 62 can be performed. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the fine crack by plastic deformation can be avoided, and long-term fastening force can be ensured more reliably. Further, by loosening the nut body 3, the fastening of the first and second plate portions 61 and 62 can be weakened to adjust the position of the first and second plate portions 61 and 62.

  6A to 6C, the one-side bolt 1 is described as being inserted into the through holes 61a and 62a from the first plate portion 61 side. However, depending on the surrounding conditions, the second plate The one-side bolt 1 may be inserted into the through holes 61a and 62a from the part 62 side. The fastening structure 6 of the present embodiment has through holes 61a and 62a, and first and second plate portions 61 and 62 arranged so that the through holes 61a and 62a overlap each other, and the nut body 3 and the piece. The first and second plates are provided with one-side bolts 1 inserted into the through holes 61a, 62a from the head 20 so that the first and second plate portions 61, 62 are positioned between the body 4 and the body 4. The nut body 3 is pressed against one plate surface of the portions 61 and 62, and the slice body 4 is pressed against the other plate surface of the first and second plate portions 61 and 62 and the end surface 20 a of the head 20. It is what.

  As described above, the base end 40 of the section 4 and the end faces 40a and 41a (see FIGS. 1 and 4) of the tip 41 extend in the radial direction 2a of the bolt body 2 when the elastic body 5 does not act. When the slice body 4 is stretched between the plate surface of the second plate portion 62 and the end surface 20a of the head portion 20, the end surfaces 40a and 41a of the base end 40 and the tip end 41 are connected to the plate surface of the second plate portion 62 and The end surface 20a of the head 20 can be brought into surface contact, and an axial force can be generated more reliably. However, generation of axial force can be expected even if the base end 40 of the sliced body 4 and the end faces 40a, 41a of the tip 41 have other shapes. That is, at least one of the base end 40 of the section body 4 and the end surfaces 40a and 41a of the front end 41 does not have to be a flat surface extending in the radial direction 2a of the bolt body 2 when the elastic body 5 does not act.

  In the present embodiment, since the plurality of pieces 4 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the bolt body 2, the axial force can be dispersed in the circumferential direction of the bolt body 2, and the axial force can be generated more stably. be able to. However, the number of pieces 4 is not limited to three, and may be other numbers such as one, two, or four or more.

  When the slice body 4 is stretched, a force for compressing the slice body 4 in the extending direction of the slice body 4 acts on the slice body 4. As described above, the cross section of each piece 4 has an arc shape, and therefore, compared to the case where the cross section of each piece 4 has a straight shape, the force against the force to compress the piece 4 is reduced. The load bearing force of the slice body 4 can be improved, and the axial force can be generated more reliably. Even if the cross section of the section body 4 has a shape having one or a plurality of corners such as a “<” shape, the load resistance of the section body 4 can be improved similarly. However, depending on the magnitude of the required axial force, the cross section of the section 4 may be planar. The shape of the shaft portion 22 can be changed to another shape such as a polygon according to the cross section of the cross section of the slice body 4.

  Here, since the diameters of the through holes 61a and 62a are larger than the diameter of the head 20 as described above, the section body 4 is inclined and extended with respect to the axial direction of the bolt body 2 when the external force of the elastic body 5 is not applied. If it does not exist, it is difficult to press the end surface 41 a of the tip 41 of the slice body 4 against the plate surfaces of the first and second plate portions 61 and 62. For this reason, it is preferable that the inclination angle of the section body 4 with respect to the axial direction of the bolt body 2 is larger than 0 °.

  On the other hand, if the inclination angle of the segment body 4 with respect to the axial direction of the bolt body 2 is greater than 45 °, the force along the axial direction of the bolt body 2 acting on the segment body 4 when trying to stretch the segment body 4 The force along the radial direction of the bolt body 2 acting on the slice body 4 becomes larger than that. In this case, in the contact between iron and non-ferrous, the force along the radial direction of the bolt body 2 acting on the slice body 4 tends to exceed the maximum frictional force between the slice body 4 and the plate surface of the second plate portion 62. Therefore, there is a possibility that the slice body 4 falls down and the axial force cannot be generated. For this reason, it is preferable that the inclination | tilt angle of the piece body 4 with respect to the axial direction of the bolt body 2 is 45 degrees or less.

  According to the one-side bolt 1 and the fastening structure 6 using the one-side bolt 1 and the manufacturing method of the fastening structure 6, the elastic body 5 has a distal end 41 that is more than the base end 40 in the radial direction of the bolt body 2 when no external force is applied. Since the slice body 4 is fixed to the bolt body 2 so as to be located outside, and the tip 41 is allowed to approach the bolt body 2 when an external force is applied, the first and second plate portions The one-side bolt 1 is inserted through the through holes 61a and 62a of 61 and 62, the nut body 3 is pressed against one plate surface of the first and second plate portions 61 and 62, and the first and second plate portions The first and second plate portions 61 and 62 are pressed from one side without causing plastic deformation of the member that exhibits the axial force by pressing the section 4 against the other plate surface of 61 and 62 and the end surface of the head 20. Can be concluded. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the fine crack by plastic deformation can be avoided, and long-term fastening force can be ensured more reliably.

  Further, since the base end 40 has an end surface 40a extending in the radial direction 2a of the bolt body 2 when no external force is applied to the elastic body 5, the base end 40 is located between the plate surface of the plate portion and the end surface 20a of the head portion 20. Thus, when the sliced body 4 is stretched, the end surface 40a of the base end 40 can be brought into surface contact with the end surface 20a of the head 20 and an axial force can be generated more reliably.

  Furthermore, since the tip 41 has an end surface 41 a extending in the radial direction 2 a of the bolt body 2 when no external force is applied to the elastic body 5, the tip 41 is between the plate surface of the plate portion and the end surface 20 a of the head 20. When the section body 4 is stretched, the end surface 41a of the tip 41 can be brought into surface contact with the plate surface of the second plate portion 62, and the axial force can be generated more reliably.

  Furthermore, since the plurality of pieces 4 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the bolt body 2, the axial force can be dispersed in the circumferential direction of the bolt body 2, and the axial force can be generated more stably.

  Further, since the cross section of the slice body 4 has an arc shape or a shape having corners, the load bearing force of the slice body 4 against the force to compress the slice body 4 can be improved, and the axial force can be more reliably increased. Can be generated.

  Furthermore, since the inclination angle of the section 4 with respect to the axial direction of the bolt body 2 when the external force of the elastic body 5 is not applied is greater than 0 ° and not more than 45 °, the axial force can be generated more reliably.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of one-side bolt 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the first embodiment, the elastic body 5 is described as having the covering portion 50 and the three connecting portions 51 extending from the outer peripheral surface of the covering portion 50 outward in the radial direction 2a of the bolt body 2. However, as shown in FIG. 7, the elastic body 5 has a transverse cross section so as to fill a space between the peripheral surface of the shaft portion 22 of the bolt body 2 and the inner peripheral surface of each piece 4. May be a substantially triangular member. The outer peripheral surface of the elastic body 5 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of each piece 4. The cross section of the elastic body 5 can be changed according to the number and shape of the pieces 4. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Thus, the elastic body 5 may have a shape that fills the space between the peripheral surface of the shaft portion 22 of the bolt body 2 and the inner peripheral surface of each piece body 4.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
8 is a front view showing a one-side bolt 1 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the one-side bolt 1 taken along line IX-IX in FIG. In the first and second embodiments, the elastic body 5 has been described so as to be disposed between the bolt body 2 and each piece body 4. However, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the elastic body 5 may be disposed outside the head 20 of the bolt body 2 and the respective sections 4.

  The elastic body 5 according to the third embodiment includes an annular portion 52 disposed on the outer periphery of the head 20 of the bolt body 2 and a plurality of members extending from the annular portion 52 so as to follow the outer surface of each piece 4. The tongue piece portion 53. The inner peripheral surface of each tongue piece 53 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of each piece 4. Also in the third embodiment, the elastic body 5 allows the section body 4 to be connected to the bolt body 2 so that the distal end 41 of the section body 4 is located outside the base end 40 in the radial direction of the bolt body 2 when no external force is applied. While being fixed, it is comprised so that the front-end | tip 41 of the slice body 4 may approach the bolt body 2 at the time of external force effect | action. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  As described above, the elastic body 5 may be disposed outside the bolt body 2 and the section body 4.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 One side bolt 2 Bolt body 20 Head 3 Nut body 4 Section body 5 Elastic body 6 Fastening structure 61, 62 1st and 2nd board part 61a, 62a Through-hole

Claims (8)

A bolt body having a head;
A nut body screwed to the front end side of the bolt body;
At least one section disposed between the head and the nut body;
An elastic body connecting the section body and the bolt body;
The section body has a proximal end located on the head side and a distal end located on the nut body side,
The elastic body fixes the section body to the bolt body so that the distal end is located outside the base end in the radial direction of the bolt body when no external force is applied, and the distal end is Configured to allow access to the bolt body,
One side bolt. The base end has an end surface extending in a radial direction of the bolt body when the external force of the elastic body is not applied.
The one-side bolt according to claim 1. The tip has an end surface extending in the radial direction of the bolt body when the external force of the elastic body is not applied.
The one side bolt of Claim 1 or Claim 2. A plurality of the slice bodies are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the bolt body,
The one-side bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The cross section of the section is an arc shape or a shape having corners,
The one-side bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The inclination angle of the section body with respect to the axial direction of the bolt body when no external force is applied to the elastic body is greater than 0 ° and not greater than 45 °;
The one-side bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 5. First and second plate portions each having a through hole and disposed so that the through holes overlap each other;
The one-side bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second plate portions are positioned between the nut body and the section body. A one-side bolt inserted through the through-hole from the portion,
The nut body is pressed against one plate surface of the first and second plate portions, and the slice body is pressed against the other plate surface of the first and second plate portions and the end surface of the head. Being
Fastening structure. A manufacturing method of a fastening structure for manufacturing a fastening structure in which the first and second plate portions are fastened to each other using the one-side bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The first and second plate portions each have a through hole,
After arranging the first and second plate portions so that the through-holes overlap each other, an external force is applied to the elastic body to bring the tip close to the bolt body from the head to the through-hole. Inserting a bolt;
After the tip has passed through the through-hole and the tip has moved away from the bolt body due to the restoration of the elastic body, the nut body is rotated to pull back the bolt body, and one of the first and second plate portions A method of manufacturing a fastening structure, including pressing the nut body against a plate surface and pressing the section body against the other plate surface of the first and second plate portions and an end surface of the head.

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