JP2018529020A - 二相ステンレス鋼及びその使用 - Google Patents
二相ステンレス鋼及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018529020A JP2018529020A JP2018502698A JP2018502698A JP2018529020A JP 2018529020 A JP2018529020 A JP 2018529020A JP 2018502698 A JP2018502698 A JP 2018502698A JP 2018502698 A JP2018502698 A JP 2018502698A JP 2018529020 A JP2018529020 A JP 2018529020A
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- stainless steel
- duplex stainless
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- urea
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- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbaryl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)NC)=CC=CC2=C1 CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101100110333 Arabidopsis thaliana ATL31 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001011888 Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003635 deoxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIGJJOFBKFPZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydrogen sulfate;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].OS([O-])(=O)=O.OS([O-])(=O)=O PIGJJOFBKFPZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
- B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
- B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/06—Evaporators with vertical tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/0005—Degasification of liquids with one or more auxiliary substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/32—Other features of fractionating columns ; Constructional details of fractionating columns not provided for in groups B01D3/16 - B01D3/30
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
- C07C273/04—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
- B01J2219/0277—Metal based
- B01J2219/0286—Steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
尿素(NH2CONH2)は、尿素プラントの尿素合成セクションにおいて、高温(典型的には、150℃〜250℃)及び高圧(典型的には、12〜40MPa)にてアンモニアと二酸化炭素から製造され得る。この合成では、2段階の連続した反応工程が生じていると見なすことができる。第1の工程ではカルバミン酸アンモニウムが形成され、次の工程では、このカルバミン酸アンモニウムが脱水されて尿素が生成される。第1の工程(i)は発熱性のものであり、第2の工程は吸熱性の平衡反応(ii)として表すことができる:
(i)2NH3+CO2→H2N−CO−ONH4
(ii)H2N−CO−ONH4⇔H2N−CO−NH2+H2O
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、二相ステンレス鋼を提供する。
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 5.0未満;
W 5.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である。
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、二相ステンレス鋼に関する。
C 最大0.020;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.01;
P 最大0.02;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、二相ステンレス鋼に関する。
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 5.0未満;
W 5.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である。
C 最大0.020;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 5.0未満;
W 5.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.01;
P 最大0.02;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し5.0未満である。
実施形態1.0.カルバミン酸塩環境における二相ステンレス鋼の使用であって、かかる二相ステンレス鋼が、重量%(wt%)で:
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、使用。
C 最大0.020;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 5.0未満;
W 5.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.01;
P 最大0.02;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し5.0未満である、使用。
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
を含む、実施形態1.0〜1.5のいずれかに記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
C 最大0.020;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.01;
P 最大0.02;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、実施形態1.6に記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、二相ステンレス鋼。
C 最大0.020;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.01;
P 最大0.02;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、二相ステンレス鋼。
約1200℃に熱し、中間体(約1100℃)を冷間圧延(室温)し、1070℃で最終焼きなましを行った5mmのストリップから試料を切り出した。試験に使用したサンプルは、約20×10×3mmの寸法のクーポン形態を有した。全ての表面は、湿式研削により機械加工及び仕上げを行った。
引張試験、衝撃試験、及び硬度測定により機械特性を評価した。冷間圧延し焼きなましした5mmのストリップを引張試験及び硬度測定に使用した。衝撃試験には、熱間圧延した11mmのストリップを使用した。このストリップは上記のとおり製造した。
Claims (16)
- カルバミン酸塩環境における二相ステンレス鋼の使用であって、前記使用が、カルバミン酸塩を含む流体に前記鋼を暴露することを含み、前記二相ステンレス鋼が、重量%(wt%)で:
C 最大0.030;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 4.0未満;
W 4.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.02;
P 最大0.03;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し5.0未満である、使用。 - 前記二相ステンレス鋼が、重量%(wt%)で:
C 最大0.020;
Si 最大0.8;
Mn 最大2.0;
Cr 29.0〜31.0;
Ni 5.0〜9.0;
Mo 5.0未満;
W 5.0未満;
N 0.25〜0.45;
Cu 最大2.0;
S 最大0.01;
P 最大0.02;
と、残部Feと不可避に発生する不純物とを含み、
Mo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し5.0未満である、請求項1に記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。 - 重量%(wt%)で:
Mo が4.0未満であり;
W が4.0未満であり;
かつMo+Wの含有量は3.0超であり、但し4.0未満である、請求項1に記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。 - Mnが0.5〜1.5重量%である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
- Siが0.010〜0.50重量%である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
- Niが5.5〜8.5重量%である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
- Nが0.28〜0.40重量%である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
- Mnが0.5〜1.5重量%であり、Siが0.010〜0.50重量%であり、Niが5.5〜8.5重量%であり、Nが0.28〜0.40重量%である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
- カルバミン酸アンモニウム溶液と接触する高圧尿素合成セクションの1つ以上のパーツの腐食を低減するための尿素合成プロセスにおける、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼の使用。
- 形成物品が、尿素製造プラント用のストリッパチューブ、又は尿素製造プラントのストリッパ用液体分配器である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼を含む形成物品。
- 尿素製造プラントにおける尿素形成条件下で、アンモニアと二酸化炭素を反応させることを含む、尿素製造方法であって、
前記尿素製造プラントの設備の少なくとも一部が、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼から製造され、前記方法が、好ましくは、カルバミン酸アンモニウムを形成することと、カルバミン酸アンモニウムを脱水して尿素を生成することと、を含む、尿素製造方法。 - プラントが、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼を含む1つ以上のパーツを含む、尿素製造プラント。
- 前記1つ以上のパーツが、1つ以上のストリッパチューブである、請求項12に記載のプラント。
- ストリッパを含む高圧尿素合成セクションを含み、前記ストリッパが、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼を含む少なくとも1つの液体分配器を含む、請求項12又は13に記載のプラント。
- 既存の尿素製造プラントの改修方法であって、前記プラントが、液体分配器、レーダーコーン、(制御)弁及びエジェクタからなる群から選択される1種以上の構成要素を含み、前記方法が、1つ以上のストリッパチューブを、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼を含むストリッパチューブで置き換える工程を含む、改修方法。
- 少なくとも1つのストリッパチューブを、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二相ステンレス鋼を含むストリッパチューブで置き換えることによる、尿素プラントの不動態腐食速度の低減方法。
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GEP20227358B (en) | 2017-10-27 | 2022-02-25 | Stamicarbon | High pressure carbamate condenser |
CA3082032C (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2021-10-26 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Urea production process and plant |
EP3502293B1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2020-05-13 | Saipem S.p.A. | Uses of duplex stainless steels |
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US20240092730A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2024-03-21 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Thermal stripping urea production |
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