JP2018525576A - 軽量の建築要素における固定 - Google Patents
軽量の建築要素における固定 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018525576A JP2018525576A JP2017564326A JP2017564326A JP2018525576A JP 2018525576 A JP2018525576 A JP 2018525576A JP 2017564326 A JP2017564326 A JP 2017564326A JP 2017564326 A JP2017564326 A JP 2017564326A JP 2018525576 A JP2018525576 A JP 2018525576A
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
- B29C66/92441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time
- B29C66/92443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time following a pressure-time profile
- B29C66/92445—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time following a pressure-time profile by steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
- B29C66/9292—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
- B29C66/9292—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams
- B29C66/92921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams in specific relation to time, e.g. pressure-time diagrams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
- B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/388—Separate connecting elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/01—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening elements specially adapted for honeycomb panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/08—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of welds or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
- B29C2793/0045—Perforating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/10—Building elements, e.g. bricks, blocks, tiles, panels, posts, beams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、機械工学および構造、特に、たとえば自動車工学、航空機構造、造船術、装置構造、玩具構造などの機械的構造の分野の発明である。特に、本発明は、第1の物体に接合具を固定する方法、および第1の物体に第2の物体を(機械的に)取付ける方法に関する。
自動車、航空機、家具、および他の産業において、鉄骨構造をやめて、軽量の建築構成材を使用する傾向がある。そのような要素の例として、2つの比較的薄い外側の建築層(たとえば、ガラス繊維複合材もしくは炭素繊維複合材などの繊維複合材、金属板、または、産業によっては繊維板から成る)と、建築層の間に配置された中間層(芯材)(たとえば、板紙ハニカム構造または軽量の金属発泡体)とを含む軽量の建築要素がある。この種類の軽量の建築要素は「サンドイッチ板」と呼ばれることがあり、「中空コア板(HCB:hollow core board)」と呼ばれることもある。それらは機械的に安定しており、好ましい外観を呈し得て、比較的軽量である。
本発明の目的は、接合具を第1の物体に固定する方法、特に、第1の建築層と第2の建築層との間に挟まれた比較的強度の低い芯材層(単独で接合具の固定材料として機能するには十分な安定性を有さない場合がある)を有するサンドイッチ板に固定する方法を提供することである。他の目的は、第1の物体に第2の物体を取付ける方法を提供することである。これらの方法は、従来技術の方法の欠点を克服するはずである。
− 第1の物体を提供するステップと、
− 固体状態の熱可塑性材料を含むとともに、近位端と遠位端との間に延在する接合具を提供するステップと、
− 第1の建築層に接合具を物理的に接触させるステップと、
− 第1の建築層が接合具によって突き刺され、接合具の遠位部が芯材層内に到達するまで、接合具に第1の機械的押圧力を加えるステップと、
− 熱可塑性材料の流動部が流動性を有して第1の物体の構造を貫通し、遠位方向に面する頭部の当接面が開口の隣接領域の金属面(metal profile)に当接するまで、接合具に第2の機械的押圧力および機械的振動を加えるステップと、
− 熱可塑性材料を再固化させることにより、接合具とサンドイッチ板との間に押し込み嵌合(positive-fit)結合をもたらすステップとを含む。
− 接合具は頭部を含んでもよく、第2の物体は、近位方向に面する第1の物体の表面部と頭部との間にクランプされる。
− サンドイッチ板および接合具を提供するステップと、
− 開口を有する金属面を提供するステップと、
− 金属面がサンドイッチ板の近位にある状態で、接合具をサンドイッチ板に接触させ、接合具のシャフト部を、開口を通って延在させるステップと、
− 接合具のシャフト部が近位側の建築層および芯材を通過し、接合具の遠位端が遠位側の建築層の内面に押し付けられ、熱可塑性材料の流動部が流動性を有してサンドイッチ板の構造を貫通し、遠位方向に面する頭部の当接面が開口の隣接領域の金属面に当接するまで、接合具に機械的押圧力および機械的振動を加えるステップと、
− 熱可塑性材料を再固化させることにより、接合具とサンドイッチ板との間に押し込み嵌合結合をもたらすステップとを含む。
流動部によって貫通される第1の物体の構造は、貫通可能な材料の構造、特に細穴であり得る。
他の実施形態では、接合具は、熱可塑性材料に加えて、液化不能な材料の主要部分を含む。
本発明に係る方法の実施形態に好適な機械的振動または発振は、2kHz〜200kHz(より好ましくは10kHz〜100kHz、または20kHz〜40kHz)の振動数、および、活性表面1平方ミリメートル当たり0.2W〜20Wの振動エネルギを有する。振動工具(たとえばソノトロード)は、たとえば、その接触面が主に工具軸(縦振動)の方向に、1μm〜100μmの振幅で、好ましくは約30μm〜60μmの振幅で発振するように設計されている。このような好ましい振動は、たとえば超音波溶接において公知の超音波装置によって生成される。
本明細書に記載の方法を実施するための装備を図1に示す。第1の物体1は、第1の建築層11と、第2の建築層12と、たとえばハニカム構造を有する芯材層13とを備える、サンドイッチ板である。
一般的に、本明細書の文脈では、制御ユニットは機能的な意味におけるユニットであり、物理的な意味におけるユニットである必要はない。すなわち、制御ユニットを構成するさまざまな要素が物理的に互いに離れていてもよく、たとえば、異なる部品/異なる存在に属していてもよい。これらの異なる存在は、オプションで他の要素を含んでもよく、他の機能を果たしてもよい。
Claims (22)
- 異成分から成る第1の物体に接合具を固定する方法であって、前記第1の物体は、第1の建築層と、前記第1の建築層の遠位の芯材層とを備え、前記芯材層の密度は前記第1の建築層の密度よりも実質的に低く、および/または、前記芯材層の機械的安定性は、前記第1の建築層の機械的安定性よりも実質的に低く、前記方法は、
− 前記第1の物体を提供するステップと、
− 固体状態の熱可塑性材料を含むとともに、近位端と遠位端との間に延在する前記接合具を提供するステップと、
− 前記第1の建築層に前記接合具を物理的に接触させるステップと、
− 前記第1の建築層が前記接合具によって突き刺され、前記接合具の遠位部が前記芯材層内に到達するまで、前記接合具に第1の機械的押圧力を加えるステップと、
− 前記熱可塑性材料の流動部が流動性を有して前記第1の物体の構造を貫通するまで、前記接合具に第2の機械的押圧力および機械的振動を加えるステップと、
− 前記機械的振動を停止し、前記熱可塑性材料を再固化させることにより、前記接合具と前記第1の物体との間に押し込み嵌合結合をもたらすステップとを含む、方法。 - 前記第1の機械的押圧力は前記第2の機械的押圧力よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の押圧力は、前記第1の物体に前記接合具を押し付けるソノトロードによって加えられる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の物体はサンドイッチ板であり、前記サンドイッチ板は、前記第1の建築層、第2の建築層、および、前記第1の建築層と前記第2の建築層との間に挟まれた前記芯材層を含み、前記芯材層の密度は、前記第1の建築層の密度および前記第2の建築層の密度よりも実質的に低く、
前記第2の機械的押圧力を加えるステップは、
前記第2の建築層を破壊することなく、前記接合具の前進運動が前記第2の建築層によって妨げられるまで、前記接合具を、前記芯材層内を通過して前進させるステップを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記接合具に前記第2の機械的押圧力および前記機械的振動を加えるステップにおいて、前記接合具と前記第2の建築層との間の境界面で、前記熱可塑性材料の流動部が流動性をもつ、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記芯材層は、ガスで満たされた空間を含む、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 前記ガスで満たされた空間は、前記芯材層の体積の少なくとも50%を占める、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記芯材層の密度は、前記第1の建築層の密度および前記第2の建築層の密度よりも小さく、少なくとも5分の1よりも小さい、請求項4〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記押圧力が、前記第1の建築層を突き刺すステップ時に第1のレベルに達し、前記中間層を通る移動時には第2のプロファイルに従い、前記前進運動が前記第2の建築層によって妨げられたときに第3のレベルに達するように、前記接合具への前記押圧力を制御するステップを含み、
前記第1のレベルおよび前記第3のレベルは、前記第2のプロファイル中の平均圧力値よりも大きい、請求項4〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記接合具は、熱可塑性部に加えて液化不能材料の部分を含み、この液化不能部は、当初は遠位突刺構造を形成するが、前記振動のエネルギの影響で前記熱可塑性材料が十分に軟化するとすぐに、前記(第2の)押圧力の作用によって前記熱可塑性材料に対して近位方向に変位する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記機械的振動が停止した後、ある時間だけ前記第2の押圧力を維持するステップを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記接合具は、近位側の、先端またはエッジなどの突き刺すような形状または鋭利な形状を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記接合具は近位頭部を含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記接合具を前記第1の物体に接触させるステップを、複数の接合具に対して同時に行なうステップを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の物体と前記接合具とを互いに押し付けながら前記第1の物体に機械的振動エネルギを作用させるステップを、複数の接合具に対して同時に行なうステップを含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記接合具は、共通の第2の物体によって保持される、請求項14または15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第2の物体を提供するステップと、
前記接合具によって前記第1の物体に前記第2の物体を留め付けるステップとをさらに含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 固定の後、前記第1の物体の遠位取付面に置かれた薄板部を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記薄板部は、前記取付面と、近位方向に面する前記接合具の足部の当接面とによってクランプされる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の物体は、金属面を含む、請求項17〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記接合具は、遠位方向に面する当接面を有する近位頭部を含み、
前記第2の物体は貫通開口を含み、
前記方法は、
前記第1の物体と前記第2の物体と前記接合具とを、前記第2の物体が前記第1の物体に支持されるような位置関係で、かつ、前記接合具が前記開口を通って延在し、前記接合具の遠位端が前記第1の建築層と物理的に接触するような位置関係で位置付けるステップを含み、
前記接合具に前記第2の機械的押圧力および前記機械的振動を加えるステップは、前記遠位方向に面する頭部の当接面が前記開口の隣接領域の前記金属面に当接するまで、前記第2の機械的押圧力を加えるステップを含む、請求項17〜20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 金属面をサンドイッチ板に留め付ける、たとえば請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記方法は、
− 2つの外側の建築層と、前記建築層の間に配置された芯材とを含む前記サンドイッチ板を提供するステップと、
− 固体状態の熱可塑性材料を含むとともに、頭部とシャフト部とを含む接合具を提供するステップと、
− 開口を有する前記金属面を提供するステップと、
− 前記金属面が前記サンドイッチ板の近位にある状態で、前記接合具を前記サンドイッチ板に接触させ、前記接合具の前記シャフト部を、前記開口を通って延在させるステップと、
− 前記接合具の前記シャフト部が近位側の前記建築層および前記芯材を通過し、前記接合具の遠位端が遠位側の前記建築層の内面に押し付けられ、前記熱可塑性材料の流動部が流動性を有して前記サンドイッチ板の構造を貫通し、遠位方向に面する前記頭部の当接面が前記開口の隣接領域の前記金属面に当接するまで、前記接合具に機械的押圧力および機械的振動を加えるステップと、
− 前記熱可塑性材料を再固化させることにより、前記接合具と前記サンドイッチ板との間に押し込み嵌合結合をもたらすステップとを含む、方法。
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