JP2018519844A - 分子パージバルブを有するグルコース代謝 - Google Patents
分子パージバルブを有するグルコース代謝 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018519844A JP2018519844A JP2018502808A JP2018502808A JP2018519844A JP 2018519844 A JP2018519844 A JP 2018519844A JP 2018502808 A JP2018502808 A JP 2018502808A JP 2018502808 A JP2018502808 A JP 2018502808A JP 2018519844 A JP2018519844 A JP 2018519844A
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- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1D
Description
本出願は、その開示全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる2015年7月21日に出願された米国仮出願第62/195,142号の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、米国エネルギー省によって授与された契約番号第DE-AR0000556号の下で、政府の支援によってなされた。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本出願は、電子フォーマットの配列表とともに出願されている。配列表は、Sequencelisting_ST25.txtと名付けたファイルとして提供され、2016年7月21日に作成され、サイズは273Kbである。配列表の電子フォーマット内の情報は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
in vitroシステムを構築するため、全ての酵素は市販で入手するか又はアフィニティークロマトグラフィーによって精製され、活性を試験され、適切に選択された反応緩衝液中で一緒に混合される。
MillerのLB培地又はMillerのLBアガー(BD Difco社)を、液体又は固体培養培地での細菌株の増殖に使用した。大腸菌BL21Gold(DE3)[B、F-、ompT、hsdSB、(rB-、mB-)、dcm+、Tetr、galλ、(DE3) endA、Hte](Agilent社)を、pETベクターを使用する組換えタンパク質のクローニングと発現の両方のための宿主として使用した。プラスミドpET28a(+)は、Novagen社から購入した。ゲノム又はプラスミドDNAから遺伝子を増幅するために、HotStart Taq Mastermix(Denville社)を使用した。KOD Xtreme DNAポリメラーゼ(Toyobo社)、Taq DNAリガーゼ(MCLab社)、及びT5エキソヌクレアーゼ(Epicenter社)は別々に購入し、アセンブリーマスターミックス(AMM)を作製するために使用し、クローニング21に使用した。ATP、グルコース、コエンザイムA、NADP+、グルタチオン、及びNAD+はSigma社のものである。
PHB酵素の発現プラスミドは、NdeI及びSacI切断部位を使用してpET28aプラスミド骨格から構築され、精製のためにN末端に6×Hisタグを有する構築物を作製した。TktA、TalB、及びRpiAの発現構築物は、ベクターpCAN24にクローニングしたASKAコレクション(RIKEN)からのものである(Kitagawaら、DNA Res. Int. J. Rapid Publ. Rep Genes Genomes、12:291〜299頁、2005)。この研究に使用した遺伝子を表Bに列挙する。ポリヒドロキシ酪酸シンターゼ(phaC; HE_610111)をコードする遺伝子は、合成し、pET28a発現ベクターにサブクローニングする前に大腸菌宿主での発現のためにコドン最適化した。
1Lの培養からの細胞を遠心分離によって回収し、150mM Tris pH7.5、100mM NaClに再懸濁した。細胞は、超音波処理により氷上で溶解し、細胞片を4℃で、12,000gの遠心分離によって除去した。次いで上清を5mLのニッケル-ニトリロトリ酢酸(NTA)アガロースと混合し、30分後、スラリーをカラムに充填し、5倍のカラム体積の100mM Tris pH7.5、100mM NaCl、15mMイミダゾールで洗浄した。次いで、酵素を、250mMイミダゾール、100mM Tris pH7.5で溶出した。得られた酵素を、50mM Tris pH7.5、50mM NaClに透析し、4℃で保存した。
この研究で使用した全ての酵素は、表Bに概説したようにアッセイした。酵素は、最終グルコースをPHB反応条件に反映する50mM Tris緩衝液、pH7.5、5mM MgCl、及び5mM KCl中でアッセイした。NAD(P)H産生又は消費反応の活性は340nmでモニターした。ATP消費酵素の活性は、Zwf及びNADP+を用いる対のアッセイを使用して340nmでモニターした。
PHBへのグルコースの自己持続性の生体内分解のための最初の反応は、200μLの最終用量中に50mM Tris pH 7.5、5mM MgCl、5mM KCl、1mM CoA、0.5mM NAD+、0.5mM NADP+、50mMグルコース、0.1mMチアミンピロリン酸(thyamine pyrophosphate)、2mMグルタチオン、及び10mM無機リン酸からなる。酵素濃度は表Bに示す。反応はグルコースの添加によって開始され、PHB産生は600nmでの吸光度によって又はGCアッセイを使用してモニターした。
PHBへのグルコースの自己持続性の半連続式生体内変換のための最初の反応は、200μLの最終体積中に50mM Tris pH 7.5、5mM MgCl、5mM KCl、1mM CoA、0.5mM NAD+、0.5mM NADP+、50mMグルコース、0.1mMチアミンピロリン酸、2mMグルタチオン、及び10mM無機リン酸からなるものとした。酵素濃度は表Bに示す。反応はグルコースの添加によって開始され、室温で10時間インキュベートした。PHBは遠心分離によって回収し、上清をピペットにより除き、更なるPhaCを添加して、バイオプラスチックと沈殿したPhaCを置換した。各添加は、PhaCの開始量と同一であった。残りのグルコースは、Megazyme社の酵素結合アッセイ(K-GLOX 04/14)をそれぞれ10時間通した各反応の開始時及び後に測定された。反応は600nmでモニターされ、PHBは各10時間のサイクルの後に定量された。各反応は、三連で設定され、データは残存グルコース及びPHB産物両方の平均及び標準偏差を表す。
Zwf及びGnd野生型酵素の両方は、NAD+よりもNADP+に強い優先度を有する。したがって、酵素は、NADP+よりもNAD+を好むように「再操作」される必要がある。Zwf及びGndの補助因子特異性を反転させるため、NADP+結合ポケットの変異を構造モデルに基づいて設計した。まず、ゲオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルスからのZwf酵素の相同モデルを、NADPHが結合したリュコノストック・メゼンテロイデス(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)からのグルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼの結晶構造に基づいて作製した(参照により本明細書に組込まれる、PDBID 1E7Y参照)。NADPH結合構造を有するモデルの比較は、GsZwfのA47が、リボースの2'位のリン酸から4.0Å以内に来るであろうことを示す。結果として、GsZwfのA47D変異型を作製し、補助因子特異性についてアッセイした。表Bに示す動態パラメーターは、A47D変異が酵素の特異性を逆にすることを示す。特に、野生型GsZwfに関して、kcat/Kmは、NAD+よりもNADP+の方が14倍高いが、再改変された変異型のkcat/KmはNAD+の方がほぼ5倍高い。
PBG経路の一態様は、フルクトース-1,6-ビスリン酸のフルクトース-6-リン酸への変換中の、ATPの定量的再生成である。類似の反応が、フルクトース-1,6-ビスホスファターゼによる天然の糖新生で行われるが、それはATPよりも無機リン酸を生成する。通常、Pfkは、F6PからFBPへのATP依存的リン酸化を触媒し、それはEMP経路の主要な調節工程である。Pfkの2つの異なるアイソフォーム、PfkA及びPfkBが様々な生物から同定され、特徴付けられてきたが、逆反応(FBP及びADPからF6P及びATP)はin vivoでは起こらないと通常考えられ、したがって糖新生において非リン酸化Fbpアーゼの使用も起こらないと考えられる。PBG経路を実行する前に、逆反応でATPを効率的に生成するPfk酵素を見出す努力がなされた。PfkA及びPfkBはin vitroで逆反応を触媒できることが報告されており、従って大腸菌のPfkA、大腸菌のPfkB、G.ステアロサーモフィルスのPfk、並びにPEP及びGDPによるアロステリック阻害を消失させるG.ステアロサーモフィルスのPfkの調節変異株(R211A)を含む、複数の酵素をスクリーニングした。このスクリーニングから、大腸菌のPfkBは、PBGサイクルに使用するのに十分高いフラックスでATPを効率的に生成することが見出された。
代替法では、6種のタンパク質(Fba、Glk、Zwf、Tpi、Pgi、及びPfk)をSigma-Aldrich社から購入し、他のタンパク質(例えば、Tkt、Tal、Rpe、Rpi)を研究室内で精製する。全ての市販の酵素はSigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis、Mo.)から購入する。ウサギの筋肉はTpi及びFbaの供給源であり、パン酵母はGlk、Zwf、及びPgiの供給源であり、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィルスはPfkの供給源である。
NoxEは、340nmでNAD(P)Hの酸化をモニターすることによってアッセイした。アッセイは、100mM tris-HCl pH 7.5、5mM MgCl2、5mM KCl、及び0.2mM NAD(P)H中で行った。
Claims (26)
- 基質をアセチルリン酸、ピルビン酸、グリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸、又はアセチル-CoAに変換する複数の酵素的工程を含む、組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された代謝経路であって、該経路が補助因子の不均衡な産生及び利用を含み、該経路が該補助因子をリサイクルする非天然のパージバルブ経路を含み、該パージバルブ経路が、複数の酵素的工程の1つ以上において該補助因子を使用して代謝物を中間体又は産物に変換する酵素を含む、組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された代謝経路。
- 前記補助因子が酸化/還元補助因子である、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記酸化/還元補助因子がNAD+/NADH、NADP+/NADPH又はFAD+/FADHである、請求項2に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 第一の補助因子がNAD+/NADHを含み、第二の補助因子がNADP+/NADPHを含む、請求項2又は3に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記パージバルブ経路がNADHオキシダーゼを含む、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記NADHオキシダーゼがNoxE又はその相同体である、請求項5に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記NADHオキシダーゼが配列番号18と少なくとも50%同一の配列を含む、請求項6に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記経路が以下:
(i)グルコースをグルコース-6-リン酸に変換すること、
(ii)グルコース-6-リン酸を6-ホスホ-D-グルコノ-1,5-ラクトンに変換すること、
(iii)6-ホスホ-D-グルコノ-1,5-ラクトンを6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸に変換すること、
(iv)6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸をリブロース-5-リン酸に変換すること、
(v)リブロース-5-リン酸をキシルロース-5-リン酸に変換すること、
(vi)キシルロース-5-リン酸をグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸及びアセチルリン酸に変換すること、
(vii)フルクトース-6-リン酸からアセチルリン酸及びエリトロース-4-リン酸(E4P)を産生すること、
(viii)グリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸をジヒドロキシアセトンリン酸に変換すること又はその逆、
(ix)グリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸及びジヒドロキシアセトンリン酸をフルクトース-1,6-ビスリン酸に変換すること、並びに
(x)フルクトース-1,6-ビスリン酸をフルクトース-6-リン酸及びポリリン酸に変換すること
を行う、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。 - 以下の酵素:
(a)ホスホケトラーゼ(F/Xpk又はXfp)、
(b)トランスアルドラーゼ(Tal)、
(c)トランスケトラーゼ(Tkt)、
(d)リボース-5-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Rpi)、
(e)リブロース-5-リン酸エピメラーゼ(Rpe)、
(f)トリオースリン酸イソメラーゼ(Tpi)、
(g)フルクトース-1,6-ビスリン酸アルドラーゼ(Fba)、
(h)グルコキナーゼ(Glk)、
(i)グルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(Zwf)、
(j)6-ホスホ-グルコノラクトナーゼ(pgl)、
(k)6-ホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(Gnd)、
(l)ホスホグルコイソメラーゼ(Pgi)、及び
(m)ホスホフルクトキナーゼ(pfk)
を含む、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。 - 前記経路が無細胞システムである、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記経路が微生物中で操作され、発現される、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記微生物が原核生物又は真核生物である、請求項11に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記微生物が酵母である、請求項12に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記微生物が原核生物である、請求項12に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記微生物が大腸菌微生物由来である、請求項14に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記パージバルブ経路が、ヌクレオシド三リン酸又は二リン酸をヌクレオシド二リン酸又は一リン酸にそれぞれ変換する酵素を含む、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記パージバルブ経路がATP又はGTPをリサイクルする、請求項16に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記パージバルブ経路がヌクレオシド三リン酸加水分解活性を有するポリペプチドを含む、請求項16に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記ポリペプチドがMnmE、FtsZ、及びMcrBCからなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記MnmEポリペプチドが、配列番号34又は36と少なくとも80%同一の配列を含み、三リン酸加水分解活性を有する、請求項19に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記FtsZポリペプチドが、配列番号38と少なくとも80%同一の配列を含み、三リン酸加水分解活性を有する、請求項19に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記McrBCが、配列番号40と少なくとも80%同一の配列を含み、三リン酸加水分解活性を有する、請求項19に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記経路がグルコースからアセチル-coAを産生する、請求項1に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- 前記経路が無細胞システムであり、
(a)配列番号19と少なくとも85%同一の配列を有し、グルコースをグルコース-6-リン酸に変換するグルコキナーゼ、
(b)配列番号22又は24と少なくとも85%同一であり、グルコース-6-リン酸を6-ホスホ-D-グルコノ-1,5-ラクトンに変換するグルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、
(c)配列番号18と少なくとも85%同一の配列を有し、NAD(P)HをNAD(P)+に変換するNAD(P)Hオキシダーゼ、
(d)配列番号26と少なくとも85%同一の配列を有し、6-ホスホ-D-グルコノ-1,5-ラクトンを6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸に変換する6-ホスホグルコノラクトナーゼ、
(e)配列番号27と少なくとも85%同一の配列を有し、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸をリブロース-5-リン酸に変換する6-ホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、
(f)配列番号6と少なくとも85%同一の配列を有し、リブロース-5-リン酸をキシルロース-5-リン酸に変換するリブロース-5-リン酸エピメラーゼ、
(g)配列番号8と少なくとも85%同一の配列を有し、リブロース-5-リン酸をリボース-5-リン酸に変換するリボース-5-リン酸イソメラーゼ、
(h)配列番号2又は55と少なくとも85%同一の配列を有し、(1)キシルロース-5-リン酸をグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸に及び/又は(2)フルクトース-6-リン酸をエリトロース-4-リン酸に変換するキシルロース-5-リン酸/フルクトース-6-リン酸ホスホケトラーゼ、
(i)配列番号57と少なくとも85%同一であり、フルクトース-6-リン酸をグルコース-6-リン酸に変換するグルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ、
(j)配列番号20、52又は53と少なくとも85%同一であり、フルクトース-1,6-ビスリン酸をフルクトース-6-リン酸に変換するホスホフルクトキナーゼ、
(k)配列番号16又は51と少なくとも85%同一であり、グリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸をフルクトース-1,6-ビス-リン酸に及び/又はフルクトース-1,6-ビス-リン酸をジヒドロキシアセトンリン酸に変換するフルクトース-1,6-ビスリン酸アルドラーゼ、
(l)配列番号14と少なくとも85%同一であり、ジヒドロキシアセトンリン酸をグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸に変換するトリオースリン酸イソメラーゼ、
(m)配列番号10と少なくとも85%同一であり、エリトロース-4-リン酸及びフルクトース-6-リン酸を含む基質からセドヘプツロース-7-リン酸を産生するトランスアルドラーゼ、
(n)配列番号12と少なくとも85%同一であり、(1)セドヘプツロース-7-リン酸及びグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸からのリボース-5-リン酸及びキシルロース-5-リン酸;並びに/又は(2)キシルロース-5-リン酸及びエリトロース-4-リン酸からのグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸及びフルクトース-6-リン酸、を含む代謝物を産生するトランスケトラーゼ、並びに
(o)配列番号56と少なくとも85%同一であり、アセチルリン酸をアセチル-CoAに変換するホスホトランスアセチラーゼ
を含む、請求項23に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。 - 前記無細胞システムが、n-ブタノール、n-ヘキサノール、ヘキサン酸、アセトアセチル-CoA、3-ヒドロキシブチリル-CoA、及び/又はPhBの産生のための酵素を更に含み得る、請求項24に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
- AtoB、Hbd、Crt、Ter、BktB、及びAdhEからなる群から選択される1種以上の酵素を更に含む、請求項25に記載の組換えの、人工的な、又は操作された経路。
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