JP2018518976A - タンパク質加水分解用アミノペプチダーゼ - Google Patents
タンパク質加水分解用アミノペプチダーゼ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年6月26日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/185503号および2015年10月1日に出願された同第62/235937号の優先権および利益を主張するものであり、各仮出願の発明の名称は「新規のタンパク質加水分解用アミノペプチダーゼ」である。
2016年6月10日に作成され、本明細書とともに提出された、192,505バイトのサイズを有する「20160610_NB40989−PCT sequence listing prj_ST25.txt」という名のファイルに示された配列表は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の範囲は、本明細書中に定義した特定の特性を有するアミノペプチダーゼをコードするヌクレオチド配列を包含する。
一態様において、本発明はまた、本明細書に記載のアミノペプチダーゼ、ならびにアミノ酸配列および/またはヌクレオチド配列を含む組成物に関する。
本発明の生成物および/または組成物は、単独で使用されようと組成物中に含まれようと、任意の好適な形態で使用し得る。同様に、本発明のアミノペプチダーゼは、例えば、エキソプロテアーゼおよび/またはエンドプロテアーゼと併用した場合、食品産業において食品加工助剤または食品添加物(すなわち、食品成分、機能性食品成分または医薬品成分などの成分)として使用するのに適した任意の形態で使用し得る。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明のポリペプチドは、タンパク質加水分解物の生成において、例えば、加水分解度の増大のため、タンパク質加水分解物の一般的な苦味除去のため、および風味発生の増進のため、グルタミン酸塩の生成のため、ならびに/または、モルト生成もしくは醸造中のFAN生成のようなその他の目的で使用することができる。
本明細書に定義される特定の特性を有するタンパク質、または改変に好適なタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列は、前記タンパク質を産生する任意の細胞または生物から同定および/または単離および/または精製することができる。当該技術分野においては、ヌクレオチド配列の同定および/または単離および/または精製に関し、様々な方法がよく知られている。
一例として、好適な配列が同定および/または単離および/または精製されたなら、より多くの配列を調製するPCR増幅技術を使用することができる。
あるいは、別の既知の酵素遺伝子と相同の配列を含有する標識オリゴヌクレオチドプローブを使用して、酵素をコードするクローンを同定することができる。後者の場合、より低いストリンジェンシーのハイブリダイゼーションおよび洗浄条件が使用される。
本発明の範囲には、本明細書中に定義した特定の特性を有する酵素のアミノ酸配列もまた包含される。
本発明はまた、本明細書に定義される特定の特性を有するポリペプチドのアミノ酸配列とある程度の配列同一性または配列相同性を有する配列、またはそのようなポリペプチドをコードする任意のヌクレオチド配列(以下、「相同配列」と称する)の使用を包含する。ここで、「相同体」という用語は、対象アミノ酸配列および対象ヌクレオチド配列とある相同性を有する実体を意味する。ここで、「相同性」という用語は、「同一性」と同じであると見なすことができる。
本発明はまた、タンパク質の任意のアミノ酸配列、またはそのようなパンパク質をコードする任意のヌクレオチド配列の、変異体、相同体および誘導体の使用を包含する。
本発明はまた、本発明の核酸配列に相補的な配列、または本発明の配列もしくは本発明の配列に相補的な配列にハイブリダイズすることができる配列を包含する。
非限定的な例として、インビボまたはインビトロでヌクレオチド配列中に多数の部位特異的またはランダムな変異を産生すること、および、続いて種々の手段によりコードされるポリペプチドの改善された機能性についてスクリーニングすることが可能である。
宿主細胞またはインビトロにおける発現および/または活性の最適化、
酵素活性の増大、基質および/または生成物特異性の改変、
酵素安定性または構造安定性の増大または低減、好ましい環境条件、例えば温度、pH、基質における酵素の活性/特異性の改変。
タンパク質コードヌクレオチド配列を単離したなら、または推定タンパク質コードヌクレオチド配列を同定したなら、本発明のタンパク質を調製するために配列を変異させることが望ましい場合がある。
一態様において、本発明において使用される配列は、組換え配列、すなわち、組換えDNA技術を使用して調製された配列である。
一態様において、本発明において使用される配列は、合成配列、すなわち、インビトロ化学または酵素的合成により調製された配列である。これとしては、限定されるものではないが、宿主生物、例えば、メチロトローフ酵母のピキア属(Pichia)およびハンセヌラ属(Hansenula)に最適なコドン使用頻度を用いて作製された配列が挙げられる。
酵素の発現
本発明において使用されるヌクレオチド配列は、組換え複製ベクター中に取り込むことができる。ベクターは、ヌクレオチド配列を複製し、タンパク質/酵素形態で、適合性の宿主細胞中で、および/または適合性の宿主細胞から発現させるために使用することができる。
「発現ベクター」という用語は、インビボまたはインビトロで発現し得るコンストラクトを意味する。
一部の適用では、本発明において使用されるヌクレオチド配列は、例えば、選択された宿主細胞によるヌクレオチド配列の発現を提供し得る調節配列に作動可能に結合している。例として、本発明は、そのような調節配列に作動可能に結合している本発明のヌクレオチド配列を含むベクターをカバーする。すなわち、ベクターは発現ベクターである。
「コンストラクト」という用語(「コンジュゲート」、「カセット」および「ハイブリッド」などの用語と同義である)は、プロモーターに直接または間接的に付着している本発明により使用されるヌクレオチド配列を含む。
「宿主細胞」という用語は、本発明との関連では、上記のヌクレオチド配列または発現ベクターを含み、本明細書に定義される特定の特性を有するタンパク質の組換え産生に使用される任意の細胞を含む。
「生物」という用語は、本発明との関連では、本発明によるポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列および/もしくはそれから得られた産物を含み得、かつ/またはプロモーターが生物中に存在する場合に本発明によるヌクレオチド配列の発現を可能とし得る任意の生物を含む。
上記のとおり、宿主生物は、原核または真核生物であり得る。好適な原核宿主の例としては、エシェリキア・コリ(E.coli)およびバチルス・サブティルス(Bacillus subtilis)が挙げられる。
宿主生物は、真菌、例えばカビであり得る。好適なそのような宿主の例としては、サーモミセス属(Thermomyces)、アクレモニウム属(Acremonium)、アスペルギルス属(Aspergillus)、ペニシリニウム属(Penicillium)、ムコル属(Mucor)、ニューロスポラ属(Neurospora)、トリコデルマ属(Trichoderma)などに属するメンバーが挙げられる。
他の実施形態において、トランスジェニック生物は、酵母であり得る。
本発明のヌクレオチド配列により形質転換された宿主細胞は、コードされるポリペプチドの産生をもたらし、細胞および/または培養培地からのポリペプチドの回収を容易にする条件下で培養することができる。
タンパク質は、発現宿主から、タンパク質をより容易に回収することができる培養培地中に分泌されることが望ましいことが多い。本発明によれば、分泌リーダー配列を所望の発現宿主に基づき選択することができる。ハイブリッドシグナル配列も、本発明に関連して使用することができる。
アミノ酸配列の発現を検出および測定するための種々のプロトコルは、当該技術分野において知られている。例としては、酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイ(ELISA)、ラジオイムノアッセイ(RIA)および蛍光活性化細胞ソーティング(FACS)が挙げられる。
本発明において使用されるアミノ酸配列は、例えば、抽出および精製を補助する融合タンパク質として産生することができる。融合タンパク質パートナーの例としては、グルタチオン−S−トランスフェラーゼ(GST)、6×His、GAL4(DNA結合および/または転写活性化ドメイン)および(β−ガラクトシダーゼ)が挙げられる。融合タンパク質パートナーおよび目的タンパク質配列間にタンパク質分解開裂部位を含めて融合タンパク質配列の取り出しを可能とすることも好都合であり得る。
本発明において使用される配列はまた、1種以上の追加の目的タンパク質(POI)または目的ヌクレオチド配列(NOI)と併用してもよい。
本発明は、特に記載のない限り、当業者の技能の範囲内である化学、分子生物学、微生物学、組換えDNAおよび免疫学の慣用技術を用いる。このような技術は、文献に説明されている。例えば、J.Sambrook,E.F.Fritsch,and T.Maniatis,1989,MolecularCloning:A Laboratory Manual,Second Edition,Books1−3,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press;Ausubel,F.M.etal.(1995 and periodic supplements;Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,ch.9,13,and,16,John Wiley & Sons,New,York,N.Y.);B.Roe,J.Crabtree,and,A.Kahn,1996,DNA Isolation and Sequencing:Essential Techniques,John Wiley & Sons;M.J.Gait(Editor),1984,Oligonucleotide Synthesis:A Practical Approach, Irl Press;およびD.M.J.Lilley,and J.E.Dahlberg,1992,Methods of Enzymology:DNA Structure Part A:Synthesis and Physical Analysis of DNA in Methods in Enzymology,Academic Pressを参照されたい。これらのテキスト全般はそれぞれ参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
トリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)での発現のためのコドン最適化遺伝子として、真菌2型アミノペプチダーゼ(pepN_2、MeropsファミリーM28.008.に属する;merops.sanger.ac.uk/)をコードする合成遺伝子(TRI031、TRI032、TRI033、TRI034、TRI035、TRI036、TRI037、TRI038)を、Geneart(Life Technologies)から受注した。TRI031は、ネオサルトリア・フィッシェリ(Neosartorya fischeri)NRRL181由来のNCBIアクセッション番号:XP_001258675に対応し;TRI032は、ミセリオフトラ・テルモフィラ(Myceliophthora thermophila)ATCC(登録商標)42464由来のNCBIアクセッション番号:XP_003667354に対応し;TRI033はフザリウム・オキシスポルム(Fusarium oxysporum)Fo5176由来のNCBIアクセッション番号:EGU74500に対応し;TRI034はフザリウム・オキシスポルム分化型クベンス(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)レース1由来のNCBIアクセッション番号:ENH69875に対応し;TRI035はアスペルギルス・クラバタス(Aspergillus clavatus)NRRL1由来のNCBIアクセッション番号:XP_001273779に対応する;TRI036はケトミウム・テルモフィルム(Chaetomium thermophilum)変種テルモフィルム(thermophilum)DSM1495からのNCBIアクセッション番号:EGS23402に対応し;TRI037はアスペルギルス・テレウス(Aspergillus terreus)NIH2624由来のNCBIアクセッション番号:XP_001217759に対応し;かつTRI038はアスペルギルス・ニデュランス(Aspergillus nidulans)FGSC A4由来のNCBIアクセッション番号:XP_681714に対応する。
グルタミン酸の遊離は、ダイズまたはグルテンの加水分解などの、野菜タンパク質の加水分解における重要な品質パラメータである。遊離したグルタミン酸は、いわゆる「旨味フレーバー」と捉えられ得る。グルタミン酸およびグルタミンの遊離の観点から、グルテンの加水分解に最初に適用したpHの影響を調べるために、15〜30分でグルテンを液化し、その直後に1MのHClでグルテン加水分解の初期pHを調節した。グルテンをグルタミナーゼ(Amano、日本)で処理した。さらに、グルテンを、FoodPro Alkaline Protease、FoodPro PNLおよびPepN 2(ネオサルトリア・フィッシェリ(Neosartorya fischeri))で処理した。20時間後、限外ろ過により加水分解を停止させた(カットオフ10kDa、Sartorius Stedium Biotech、Goettingen、Germany)。酵素によるグルタミン酸分析に透過性を使用した(酵素によるL−グルタミン酸分析キット、Roche、Mannheim、Germany)。図2に示すように、PepN 2はpH6.0と比較してpH範囲7.0〜9.0でより高い効率を示した。
加水分解度(DH)は、同量のタンパク質について、例えば、6MのHCl中、約120℃で約24時間行った酸加水分解と比較して、開裂したペプチド結合の相対量を表す。したがって、PepN 1型またはPepN 2型などの一般的なPepNのアミノ酸遊離効率の評価には、DHがより高いことが適用され得る。無細胞培養ブロスを濃縮し(カットオフ10kDa、Sartorius、Goettingen、Germany)、製造業者の説明通り使い捨て脱塩カラム(PD10、GE、Muenchen、Germany)を使用して脱塩した。基質として、予備加水分解した10%(w/w)Na−カゼイン塩(DMK、Germany)、ホエータンパク質分離物(WPI;Arla、Viby、Denmark)、ダイズタンパク質分離物(SPI;SUPRO(登録商標)760、DuPont、Brabrand、Denmark)およびグルテン懸濁液を使用した。予備加水分解は、Na−カゼイン塩、WPIおよびSPI懸濁液に対し、1%(w/wタンパク質)のFOODPRO(登録商標)Alkaline Protease、1%(w/wタンパク質)のFOODPRO(登録商標)PNLを用いて行った。予備加水分解は全て55℃で18時間行い、その後、95℃で20分間不活化処理を行った。使用した各PepN 2は、培養ブロスから最終加水分解へのアミノ酸のキャリーオーバー除去の対照として、また、使用したエンドペプチダーゼを十分に不活化するために、95℃で15分間不活化した。加水分解は、96ウェルマイクロタイタープレートフォーマット中で行い、下記表1に示すように、50μLのPepN 2原液と混合した150μLの予備加水分解タンパク質懸濁液から構成された。加水分解は50℃で20時間行い、その後、20μLの2M TCA(トリクロロ酢酸、Sigma−Aldrich、Schnelldorf、Germany)の添加により加水分解を停止させた。ネオサルトリア・フィッシェリ(Neosartorya fischeri)およびアスペルギルス・クラバタス(Aspergillus clavatus)由来のPepN 2型のアミノ酸遊離効率を表1(B)および(A)に示す。特に、Na−カゼイン塩、WPIおよびSPIの基質では、ネオサルトリア・フィッシェリ(N.fischeri)およびアスペルギルス・クラバタス(A.clavatus)由来のPepN 2型を使用すると、非常に高いDHが達成された。さらに、PepN 2型原液濃度で達成されたDHは、著しい増加であると考えられる。グルテンの加水分解では、0.02〜0.3mg/mL PepN 2のタンパク質範囲でDHが増加することがわかった。
FOODPRO(登録商標)Alkaline Protease(FPAP)およびFOODPRO(登録商標)PNL(FPPNL)の添加によって予備加水分解したグルテンの懸濁液を調製した。加水分解は55℃で行った。約18時間後、90℃に10分間加熱することにより、加水分解を停止させた。50℃に冷却後、グルテンにグルタミナーゼを使用した。その後、150μLの予備加水分解したグルテンを96ウェルマイクロタイタープレートの各ウェルに移した。50μL(タンパク質濃度:0.5mg/mL)のTRI032、TRI033、TRI034、TRI035、TRI037およびTRI038を使用してグルタミン酸の遊離を行った。加水分解は18時間行い、20μLの2M TCAの添加により停止させた。停止させた加水分解物をろ過(0.22mm)し、酵素によるグルタミン酸分析キット(Roche、Mannheim、Germany)によりさらに分析した。遊離したグルタミン酸の濃度を図4に示す。
ペプチドWHWLQLKPGQPMYをTRI031およびTRI035で加水分解した。20mMのCPB−バッファー(20mMクエン酸、20mMリン酸塩、20mMホウ酸)中、55℃で、1μg/mLのアミノペプチダーゼと共に、ペプチド(1mg/mL)をインキュベートした。示された時点で50μlの5%TFAでアリコット(50μL)を停止させ、LC−MS分析に供した。
Stressler,Eisele et al.(2013、下記)にしたがって、PepN 1ラクトバチルス・ヘルベティカス(Lactobacillus helveticus)ATCC(登録商標)12046、PepN 1アスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)、およびアスペルギルス・クラバタス(Aspergillus clavatus)(TRI035)由来のPepN 2の酵素活性を測定した。ラクトバチルス・ヘルベティカス(L.helveticus)からPepN 1を発現させ、Stressler、Eisele et al.(2013、下記)に記載のように精製した。
食品工業では、タンパク質の加水分解時の微生物による汚染のリスクを減じるために、しばしば塩化ナトリウムを使用する。1%(w/wタンパク質)FOODPRO(登録商標)Alkaline Protease(DuPont、Brabrand、Denmark)および1%(w/wタンパク質)FOODPRO(登録商標)PNL(DuPont、Brabrand、Denmark)を添加することにより、予備加水分解した10%(w/w)ダイズ(SuPro(登録商標)760、DuPont、Brabrand、Denmark)およびグルテン(Sigma−Aldrich、Schnelldorf、Germany)を調製した。加水分解を、50℃、pH7.0(pH無制御)で18時間行った(18時間後、熱による不活化;90℃;10分)。その後、加水分解物を、塩化ナトリウム含有(185mM)加水分分解物と塩非含有加水分解物に分割した。予備加水分解した各タンパク質懸濁液150μLを、表3に示すように、異なる方法で標準化したアスペルギルス・クラバタス(Aspergillus clavatus)PepN 2と混合した。50℃、pH無制御で加水分解を行い、18時間後に20μLの2M TCAを添加して停止させた。DHの測定(Nielsen,Petersen et al.2001、下記)に先立って、全試料を0.22μmでろ過した。表3に示すように、185mMのNaClの添加は、ダイズおよびグルテンの加水分解における加水分解度の測定値に全く影響しなかった。
この試験では、基質H−Ala−ニトロアニリド(pNA)の加水分解により酵素活性を測定した。放出されたpNAの波長405nmにおける吸光度を、マイクロタイタープレートリーダーを使用して経時的に測定した。
基質としてH−Glu−ニトロアニリド(pNA)およびH−Gln−ニトロアニリド(pNA)を使用し、p−ニトロアニリド(pNA)の放出を405nmにおける吸光度により測定した。バッファーとして20mMのCPB−バッファー(20mMのクエン酸、20mMのNa−リン酸塩、20mMのホウ酸)pH9.0を使用した。10mgのH−Glu−pNAおよびH−Gln−pNA(BACHEMまたはSchafer N;Copenhagen、Denmarkから)を1mlのDMSO(SIGMA製のジメチルスルホキシド;カタログ番号D2650)に溶解した。
ペプチドライブラリーXPAAAR(Xは全てシステイン以外のアミノ酸)を酵素試料TRI032、TRI035、TRI063(アスペルギルス・オリゼ(A.oryzae))およびCOROLASE(登録商標)LAPで加水分解した。3×20mMのCPB−バッファー(20mMクエン酸、20mMリン酸塩、20mMホウ酸)中、55℃で1μg/mLのアミノペプチダーゼと共に、ペプチドライブラリーXPAAAR(1mg/mL)をインキュベートした。示された時点で50μlの5%TFAで50μLのアリコットを停止させ、LC−MS分析に供した。
Claims (29)
- (a)配列番号1、または配列番号2、または配列番号3、または配列番号4、または配列番号5、または配列番号6、または配列番号7、または配列番号8のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも約80%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチド;および
(b)(a)の断片であって、アミノペプチダーゼ活性を有する断片
からなる群から選択されるアミノペプチダーゼ活性を有する単離ポリペプチド。 - 配列番号1、または配列番号2、または配列番号3、または配列番号4、または配列番号5、または配列番号6、または配列番号7、または配列番号8のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも約90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 配列番号1、または配列番号2、または配列番号3、または配列番号4、または配列番号5、または配列番号6、または配列番号7、または配列番号8のアミノ酸配列、あるいはそのフラグメントを含む請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 配列番号1、または配列番号2、または配列番号3、または配列番号4、または配列番号5、または配列番号6、または配列番号7、または配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む請求項3に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記フラグメントは、配列番号18〜25のいずれか1つを含む請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチド。
- 図9の配列アライメントに示すように、67位の保存残基I/VのN末端側に13を超える残基を含む予測成熟配列を有する、アミノペプチダーゼ活性を有する単離ポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントであって、前記フラグメントがアミノペプチダーゼ活性を有する単離ポリペプチド。
- アミノペプチダーゼ活性を有し、かつ配列番号17のアミノペプチダーゼに比べて低い生成物阻害を有する単離ポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドは、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に定義された通りのものである請求項7に記載の単離ポリペプチド。
- アミノペプチダーゼ活性を有し、かつN末端から番号を付与したときの2の位置にプロリン残基を有するポリペプチドを加水分解することができる単離ポリペプチド。
- N末端から番号を付与したときの2の位置にプロリン残基を有するポリペプチドを、2時間のインキュベーションで出発濃度の半分未満の濃度にまで加水分解することができる請求項9に記載の単離ポリペプチド。
- 前記単離ポリペプチドは、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に定義された通りのものである請求項9または10に記載の単離ポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドをコードする核酸配列を含む単離核酸配列。
- 好適な発現宿主中で前記ポリペプチドの産生を指示する1つ以上の制御配列に作動可能に結合している請求項12に記載の核酸配列を含む核酸コンストラクト。
- 請求項13に記載の核酸コンストラクト、プロモーター、ならびに転写および翻訳停止シグナルを含む組換え発現ベクター。
- 請求項13に記載の核酸コンストラクトを含む組換え宿主細胞。
- 前記宿主細胞が、トリコデルマ属(Trichoderma)細胞、好ましくはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)細胞である請求項15に記載の組換え宿主細胞。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドを生成する方法であって、(a)菌株を培養して前記ポリペプチドを含む上清を生成する工程;および(b)前記ポリペプチドを回収する工程を含む方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドを生成する方法であって、(a)前記ポリペプチドの産生に好適な条件下で請求項15または16に記載の宿主細胞を培養する工程;および(b)前記ポリペプチドを回収する工程を含む方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドを生成する方法であって、(a)前記ポリペプチドをコードする内在性核酸配列の第2のエクソンに作動可能に結合した、調節配列、エクソンおよび/またはスプライスドナー部位を含む新しい転写単位を内部に取り込んだ相同組換え細胞を、前記ポリペプチドの産生を促進する条件下で培養する工程;および(b)前記ポリペプチドを回収する工程を含む方法。
- 前記宿主細胞が、トリコデルマ属(Trichoderma)細胞、好ましくはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)細胞である請求項19に記載の方法。
- タンパク質性基質を請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドに曝すことを含むタンパク質加水分解物の生成方法。
- 前記タンパク質性基質をエンドペプチダーゼに曝すことをさらに含む請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記加水分解物はLeu、Gly、Glu、Ser、Asp、Asn、Pro、Cys、Alaおよび/またはGlnに富んでいる請求項21または22に記載の方法。
- 前記加水分解物はGluおよび/またはGlnに富んでいる請求項23に記載の方法。
- タンパク性基質から、遊離グルタミン酸および/またはグルタミン酸残基を結合したペプチドに富むタンパク質加水分解物を得る方法であって、前記基質を脱アミドプロセスに供し、かつ請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドに曝すことを含む方法。
- 前記基質を1種以上の非特異的に作用するエンドペプチダーゼおよび/またはエキソペプチダーゼ酵素に曝すことをさらに含む請求項25に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチド、および好適な担体を含む組成物。
- a)穀物を準備する工程、
b)モルト生成プロセス中に前記穀物に請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドを有効量添加する工程、および
c)モルト化された穀物を得る工程
を含むモルト化穀物の製造方法。 - 醸造中に遊離アミノ態窒素(FAN)を生成する方法であって、醸造プロセス中に請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドを有効量添加する工程を含む方法。
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