JP2018517563A - 鉄系材料における結晶粒の微細化 - Google Patents
鉄系材料における結晶粒の微細化 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 transition metal nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003635 deoxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 50
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 34
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910026161 MgAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018657 Mn—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008455 Si—Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006639 Si—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001068 laves phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004514 thermodynamic simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
- C21C7/0645—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】図15
Description
この第1の実施例は、溶融金属中での標的析出物の反応シークエンスおよび形成のシミュレートされた評価によって本発明を説明するものである。鋳造スーパーオーステナイトステンレスCr−Ni−Mo合金鋼の結晶粒微細化について検討した。表1は、鋼の組成を示す。
本実施例では、溶融金属の処理順序のシミュレートされた評価により、本発明を説明する。複合体添加物(Al、Ca、Mg、Ti)を含む、本発明の基本溶融物および3つの異なる溶融物を熱力学的シミュレーションに供した。その目的は、溶融物の処理順序が溶融物中での分散質の形成に及ぼす影響を予測することであった(表3)。これらの溶融物もまた、試験ヒートにおいて調製および評価した(実施例3)。
本実施例では、実験によって本発明を説明する。窒素ガス置換した100ポンドの誘導炉において、スーパーオーステナイト鋼の試験ヒートを形成した。全てのヒートにおいて、表1に示す組成の事前溶融した鋼インゴットに基づく一定の投入量を用いた。実施例2の熱力学的計算で用いた工程に従い、添加および脱スラグ化の設計された順序で実験を行った。すなわち、
本実施例は、鋳造組織を定量的に評価するために実施した。ASTM基準E112−10に従い、等軸ゾーンにおける結晶粒度の計算に切片法(lineal intercept method)を用いた。等軸ゾーンと柱状ゾーンとの境界から断面の縁部まで少なくとも12本のラインについて、柱状ゾーンの長さを測定した。組織微細化を定量するためのパラメータとして、結晶粒微細化係数(R)を用いた(完全柱状組織の場合、R=0、等軸結晶粒を有する完全微細化組織の場合、R=1):
本実施例は、析出した分散質の詳細な分析を提供するものである。分散質集団の評価のために、自動SEM/EDX分析を用いた。試験鋳造物について、底部から100mmの水平断面で直径の1/2の試料を切り出した。自動特徴分析(Automated Feature Analysis)により、個々の析出物の平均的な化学反応を得た。その結果、析出物の化学反応の統計データを結合三角ダイアグラムに示した。図中、各三角グラフは、3つの主要元素を有する析出物を示しており、それぞれの析出物は一度だけ示されている。マーカーは、平均直径を区別するために使用した。
本試験例は、鋳造オーステナイト316ステンレス鋼の調製に対する本発明の有効性を示すために実施した。表6の組成を有する試験ヒートを調製した。
Claims (22)
- 鉄系合金を製造するための方法であって、
a)鉄含有材料を溶解炉に供給し、前記鉄含有材料を溶融させて溶融金属とする工程と、
b)前記溶融金属に元素を導入して前記溶融金属中の溶解酸素および/または溶解炭素と反応させ、前記溶融金属中で標的微細酸化物分散質および/または標的微細炭化物分散質を形成する工程と、
c)前記溶融金属を前記溶融金属の液相線温度よりも高い温度に維持し、1つまたは複数の金属結晶粒微細化元素を前記溶融金属に導入して前記金属結晶粒微細化元素の金属窒化物を析出させて、前記金属窒化物を含有する溶融金属を得る工程と、
d)前記金属窒化物を内部に含む前記溶融金属を前記溶融金属の固相線温度よりも低い温度に冷却して、凝固した鉄系合金を形成するステップと、を順に含む方法。 - 標的微細酸化物分散質を形成する工程(b)において添加される前記元素は、Al、Ba、Ca、Mg、SrおよびTiからなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の元素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 標的微細酸化物分散質を形成する工程(b)において添加される前記元素は、AlおよびMgからなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の元素を含み、前記微細分散質は、Mg酸化物化合物および/またはAl酸化物化合物を含み、前記分散質は、溶融物の全濃度の、例えば、好ましくは、1〜1000ppm、例えば、10〜100ppmを占める、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化物分散質は、前記窒化物の析出を容易にする、MgOおよびアルミン酸マグネシウム(MgAl2O4および/またはMgO−Al2O3)を含む、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属窒化物は、前記凝固した鉄系合金を形成するための前記冷却中に微細化された金属結晶粒を形成するための核生成サイトである、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属窒化物は、前記凝固した鉄系合金を形成するための前記冷却中に微細化された等軸金属結晶粒を形成するための不均質に分散された核生成サイトである、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の金属結晶粒微細化元素は、1つまたは複数の遷移金属元素を含む、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の金属結晶粒微細化元素は、Hf、Nb、TiおよびZrからなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の元素を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の金属結晶粒微細化元素はTiを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- Tiは、工程(b)の操作および工程(d)の操作の間に前記溶融金属に導入されるただ1つの金属結晶粒微細化元素である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)の前に、i)酸化物化合物を形成する1つまたは複数の脱酸素元素を添加することによって部分的に脱酸素する工程と、ii)前記溶融金属中で標的酸素濃度を達成するために前記溶融金属から酸化物化合物を除去する工程とをさらに含む、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)中に前記1つまたは複数の脱酸素元素を添加することを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の脱酸素元素を工程(a)および工程(b)の間に添加することを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化物化合物を除去する工程は、Al酸化物、Ca酸化物およびケイ素酸化物のうちの1つまたは複数を除去することを含む、請求項11〜請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記脱酸素元素は、AlおよびCaからなる群より選択される元素を含む、請求項11〜請求項14に記載の方法。
- Alおよび/またはCaが、前記脱酸素工程中に添加されるただ1つの脱酸素元素である、請求項11〜請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記鉄系合金は、ステンレス鋼、低合金鋼、非ステンレス鋼、または白鉄である、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属窒化物を前記分散質上に析出させ、前記金属窒化物は、冷却時に等軸結晶粒の不均一核生成および結晶粒微細化のための表面を付与する、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の結晶粒微細化元素の添加時における前記溶融物中での前記Nレベルは、約400〜約3000ppm、例えば、約600〜900ppmである、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記凝固した鉄系合金は少なくとも50体積%の等軸結晶粒、例えば、少なくとも約60体積%、例えば、60〜85体積%の等軸組織であるミクロ組織を有する、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 前記凝固した鉄系合金は、約0.5〜5mm、例えば、約0.5〜4mm、約0.5〜3mm、または約0.5および2mmの平均結晶粒度を有する等軸結晶粒組織を有する、先行する請求項に記載の方法。
- 先行する請求項に記載の方法によって調製された鉄系合金。
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