JP2018514367A - 触媒化セラミックキャンドルフィルタ及びオフガスまたは排ガスの清浄方法 - Google Patents

触媒化セラミックキャンドルフィルタ及びオフガスまたは排ガスの清浄方法 Download PDF

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JP2018514367A
JP2018514367A JP2017546964A JP2017546964A JP2018514367A JP 2018514367 A JP2018514367 A JP 2018514367A JP 2017546964 A JP2017546964 A JP 2017546964A JP 2017546964 A JP2017546964 A JP 2017546964A JP 2018514367 A JP2018514367 A JP 2018514367A
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filter
gas
exhaust gas
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ceramic
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JP6571788B2 (ja
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カステリノ・フランセスコ
ピーダスン・ラース・ストーム
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ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット
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Abstract

セラミックキャンドルフィルタ、並びにプロセスオフガスまたはエンジン排ガス中に存在する炭化水素及び窒素酸化物と一緒の、煤、灰、金属及び金属化合物の形の粒状物の除去におけるフィルタの使用であって、前記フィルタが、フィルタの少なくとも分散側上及び/または壁内に配置された複合SCR及び酸化触媒を含み、この複合SCR及び酸化触媒がパラジウム、酸化バナジウム類及びチタニアを含む、セラミックキャンドルフィルタ及びフィルタの使用。

Description

本発明は、セラミックキャンドルフィルタ及びオフガスまたは排ガスの清浄方法に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、プロセスガス中のダスト及び粒状物並びにこのプロセスガス中に含まれる有害成分を除去するための触媒化セラミックキャンドルフィルタを提供するものである。該触媒化セラミックキャンドルフィルタは、鉱物、ガラス、セメントの生産や廃棄物の焼却などの燃焼を含む工業的プロセスからのまたは石炭火力ボイラー及びエンジンからのプロセスガスまたは粗ガスの清浄に特に有用である。
フィルタキャンドルの形のセラミックフィルタは、プロセスガスから粒状物を除去するための多くの工業において使用されている。これらは、利用できる最も効果的なタイプの集塵器のうちの一つであり、粒状物について99%超の集塵効率を達成できる。フィルターは、アルカリ金属シリケートもしくはアルカリ土類金属シリケートまたはアルミノシリケート製のセラミック繊維を含む様々なセラミック材料から製造できる。
セラミックキャンドルフィルタの高粒状物除去効率は、キャンドルフィルタの表面上に形成したダストケーキに部分的に及びキャンドルフィルタ組成及び多孔度に部分的に起因する。十分な濾過活性及びフィルタ中の許容可能な低い圧力低下を提供するために、慣用のセラミックキャンドルフィルタは70%と90%との間の多孔度を有する。これらのフィルタの壁厚は、十分な安定性及び機械的強度のためには10〜20mmの範囲であるのがよい。
粒子含有プロセスオフガス及びエンジン排ガスは、しばしば、複数の汚染物、例えばNOx、揮発性有機化合物(VOC)、SO、CO、NH、ジオキシン類及びフラン類を、現地の法規に依存して減少しなければならない濃度で含む。この目的のためには、幾つかの慣用の方法が利用可能である。NOx、VOC、ジオキシン類及びフラン類などのガス状汚染物の減少は、触媒との接触によって効果的に行うことができる。特に、定置型及び自動車用途ではNHを用いたNOxの選択的還元によるNOx減少のための通常使用される触媒である。
この触媒は、炭化水素(VOC)の酸化的除去及びNHとの反応によるNOxの選択的触媒還元(SCR)の両方に活性を示す。
Pd触媒のような貴金属触媒と比べて、酸化バナジウム触媒は、COの生成において選択性が低く、幾らかの量のCOが酸化反応中に生成する。酸化バナジウム触媒との接触によってはCOは適当な反応速度でCOに酸化できない。
本発明者らは、酸化バナジウム及びパラジウムの両方を含む触媒を備えたキャンドルフィルタを提供すると、NOxのアンモニアSCRと一緒に炭化水素及び煤の効果的な酸化と、フィルタからのアンモニア及び一酸化炭素のより少ない逃出という結果になることを見いだした。
この知見に基づいて、本発明は、プロセスオフガスまたはエンジン排ガス中に存在する炭化水素及び窒素酸化物と一緒に、煤、灰、金属及び金属化合物の形の粒状物を除去するのに適したセラミックキャンドルフィルタであって、フィルタの少なくとも分散側上及び/または壁内に配置された複合SCR及び酸化触媒を含み、この複合SCR及び酸化触媒がパラジウム、酸化バナジウム類及びチタニアを含む、セラミックキャンドルフィルタを提供する。
本明細書で使用する「分散側」及び「透過側」とは、それぞれ、未濾過の排ガスに面するフィルタの流動側、及び濾過されたオフガスもしくは排ガスに面する流動側のことを指す。
追加的に本発明は、煤、灰、金属及び金属化合物の形の粒状物を、プロセスオフガスまたはエンジン排ガス中に存在する炭化水素及び窒素酸化物と一緒に除去するための方法であって、次のステップ:
含窒素還元剤を含むプロセスオフガスもしくはエンジン排ガスを提供するかまたは含窒素還元剤をオフガスもしくは排ガスに添加するステップ;
このオフガスまたは排ガスをセラミックキャンドルフィルタに通し及び粒状物を捕集するステップ;及び
フィルタの分散側上及び/または壁内に配置された複合SCR及び酸化触媒と接触させて炭化水素の酸化によって及び含窒素還元剤での窒素酸化物の選択的触媒還元(SCR)によって、少なくとも一つの微粒子フィルタ上に捕集された粒状物中の煤の量を減らし及びオフガスもしくは排ガス中の窒素酸化物及び炭化水素の量を減らし、ここで前記複合SCR及び酸化触媒はパラジウム、酸化バナジウム類及びチタニアを含む、ステップ;
を含む方法を提供する。
「酸化バナジウム類」または「酸化バナジウム」という用語は、
酸化バナジウム(II)(一酸化バナジウム)、VO;または
酸化バナジウム(III)(三二酸化バナジウムまたは三酸化バナジウム)、V; または
酸化バナジウム(IV)(二酸化バナジウム)、VO;または
酸化バナジウム(V)(五酸化バナジウム)、V
のことを指す。
好ましくは、本発明で使用するための酸化バナジウムは、酸化バナジウム(V)(五酸化バナジウム)、Vを含むかまたはこれからなる。
「チタニア」という用語は二酸化チタン(TiO)のことを指す。
パラジウムの触媒活性形態はその金属及び/または酸化物形態のパラジウムである。
Pd/V/Tiという略語は、パラジウム、酸化バナジウム類及びチタニアからなる触媒を意味する。
Pd/V/Ti触媒は、i)二つの機能性(NOxの除去、及びVOC(揮発性有機化合物)の除去)を有し;ii)硫黄寛容性を有し;及びiii)他の触媒組成物、例えばPtベース触媒と比べて低いSO酸化活性を有する。
Pd/V/Ti触媒を使用する場合、該触媒化フィルタキャンドルは耐硫黄性となる、すなわち硫黄失活を被らない。Pd/V/Ti触媒は、追加的に、SOの酸化によって生成するSOの量を減少させる。フィルタに入るプロセスガス中にHSも存在する場合には、これも、Pd/V/Ti触媒でSOに酸化される。
触媒活性材料は、チタニア微粒子の形の触媒活性材料と活性材料の前駆体、すなわちバナジウム及びパラジウムの塩とを含むスラリーで含浸することによって、セラミックフィルタに施与してよい。含浸したら、フィルタを次いで乾燥し、そして全ての前駆体の分解及び触媒の活性化のために必要な温度まで加熱する。
モノリス型成形フィルタまたはウォールフローフィルタと比べて、ガス中でのパラジウム金属粒子と反応体との間の効果的なガス接触がかなり高まり、その結果、妥当な酸化活性を得るために必要なパラジウムの量がかなり減少する。
典型的には、本発明で使用される触媒は、フィルタの20ppm/重量と1000ppm/重量との間の量、好ましくは200ppm/重量未満の量でパラジウムを含む。
高温セラミックフィルタの場合は、幾つかのタイプの繊維をそれらの製造に使用し得る。これらは、例えば、シリカ−アルミネート及びカルシウム−シリケート繊維またはこれらの混合物によって構成することができる。
他の好ましいセラミック繊維は、カルシウム−マグネシウム−シリケートの群から選択される生体内溶解性繊維を含む。

Claims (8)

  1. プロセスオフガスまたはエンジン排ガス中に存在する炭化水素及び窒素酸化物と一緒に、煤、灰、金属及び金属酸化物の形の粒状物を除去するのに適したセラミックキャンドルフィルタであって、フィルタの少なくとも分散側上に及び/または壁内に配置された複合SCR及び酸化触媒を含み、この複合SCR及び酸化触媒がパラジウム、酸化バナジウム類及びチタニアを含む、セラミックキャンドルフィルタ。
  2. 触媒が、フィルタの20ppm/重量と1000ppm/重量との間の量、好ましくは20ppmと200ppmとの間の量でパラジウムを含む、請求項1に記載のセラミックキャンドルフィルタ。
  3. フィルタのセラミック材料が、シリカ−アルミネート、カルシウム−マグネシウム−シリケート、カルシウム−シリケート繊維またはこれらの混合物の群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載のセラミックキャンドルフィルタ。
  4. フィルタのセラミック材料が、カルシウム−マグネシウム−シリケートの群から選択される生体内溶解性繊維からなる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載のセラミックキャンドルフィルタ。
  5. 煤、灰、金属及び金属化合物の形の粒状物を、プロセスオフガスまたはエンジン排ガス中に存在する炭化水素及び窒素酸化物と一緒に除去するための方法であって、次のステップ:
    含窒素還元剤を含むプロセスオフガスもしくはエンジン排ガスを提供するかまたは含窒素還元剤をオフガスもしくは排ガスに添加するステップ;
    このオフガスまたは排ガスをセラミックキャンドルフィルタに通し及び粒状物を捕集するステップ;及び
    フィルタの分散側上及び/または壁内に配置された複合SCR及び酸化触媒と接触させて炭化水素の酸化によって及び含窒素還元剤での窒素酸化物の選択的触媒還元(SCR)によって、少なくとも一つの微粒子フィルタ上に捕集された粒状物中の煤の量を減らし及びオフガスもしくは排ガス中の窒素酸化物及び炭化水素の量を減らし、ここで前記複合SCR及び酸化触媒はパラジウム、酸化バナジウム類及びチタニアを含む、ステップ;
    を含む方法。
  6. 複合酸化及びSCR触媒が、フィルタの20ppm/重量と1000ppm/重量との間の量、好ましくは20ppmと200ppmとの間の量でパラジウムを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
  7. フィルタのセラミック材料が、シリカ−アルミネート、カルシウム−マグネシウム−シリケート、カルシウム−シリケート繊維またはこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
  8. フィルタのセラミック材料が、カルシウム−マグネシウム−シリケートの群から選択される生体内溶解性繊維を含む、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
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KR102424112B1 (ko) 2022-07-25

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