JP2018204348A - Permeability evaluation test method and device - Google Patents

Permeability evaluation test method and device Download PDF

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JP2018204348A
JP2018204348A JP2017112258A JP2017112258A JP2018204348A JP 2018204348 A JP2018204348 A JP 2018204348A JP 2017112258 A JP2017112258 A JP 2017112258A JP 2017112258 A JP2017112258 A JP 2017112258A JP 2018204348 A JP2018204348 A JP 2018204348A
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injection material
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JP6963917B2 (en
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博靖 平山
Hiroyasu Hirayama
博靖 平山
優介 細田
Yusuke Hosoda
優介 細田
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Fujimori Sangyo Co Ltd
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Abstract

To appropriately evaluate permeability of injection material into natural ground.SOLUTION: Simulated natural ground 30 is stored inside a slender cylindrical test container 10 through which the inside of the container can be seen. Injection material 3 is injected from an injection pipe 20 inserted and arranged inside the test container 10 into the simulated natural ground 30. Preferably, the injection material 3 is colored.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、地山への注入材の浸透性を評価する試験方法及び装置に関し、特に、注入材の浸透速度、浸透時間、浸透距離その他の浸透性に係る評価項目を調べるのに適した試験方法及び装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a test method and apparatus for evaluating the permeability of an injection material into a natural ground, and in particular, a test suitable for examining evaluation items related to the penetration rate, penetration time, penetration distance and other permeability of the injection material. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus.

例えばトンネルや建物等の構造物を構築する場合、脆弱な地山や緩んだ地山に注入材を注入することで、地盤改良することが知られている。
地山の性状は施工現場ごとに違うため、現場の地山に合った注入材を選定する必要がある。そこで、次のような評価試験が行なわれている。 For example, when constructing a structure such as a tunnel or a building, it is known to improve the ground by injecting an injection material into a weak ground or a loose ground.
Because the nature of the natural ground varies from construction site to construction site, it is necessary to select an injection material suitable for the natural ground at the site. Therefore, the following evaluation tests are performed.

まず、ドラム缶などの試験容器を用意する。試験容器の軸線に沿って注入管を配置する。注入管の上端は、試験容器の上方へ突出させておく。
次に、試験容器の内部に、地山に見立てた模擬地山を充填し、注入管を模擬地山内に埋める。模擬地山としては、例えば、適用現場の地山と同等の透水性の硅砂等を用いる。
次いで、注入管に注入材を供給する。注入材としては例えばウレタン系注入材やセメント系注入材等を用いる。注入材は、注入管の注入穴から吐出され、模擬地山の内部に浸み込んでいく。
注入材が硬化するまで養生した後、試験容器を割って、模擬地山を取り出す。そして、注入材で改良された部分の大きさ、形状、硬さ、その他の物性から所望の改良効果が得られるかどうかを評価する。 First, a test container such as a drum can is prepared. Place the injection tube along the axis of the test vessel. The upper end of the injection tube protrudes above the test container.
Next, the inside of the test container is filled with a simulated natural ground that looks like a natural ground, and the injection tube is buried in the simulated natural ground. As the simulated natural ground, for example, permeable dredged sand equivalent to the natural ground at the application site is used.
Next, an injection material is supplied to the injection tube. As the injection material, for example, a urethane injection material, a cement injection material, or the like is used. The injection material is discharged from the injection hole of the injection pipe and soaks into the simulated ground.
After curing the injection material until it hardens, break the test container and take out the simulated ground. Then, it is evaluated whether a desired improvement effect can be obtained from the size, shape, hardness, and other physical properties of the portion improved by the injection material.

特開平０６−２８７５５７号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-287557

従来の試験では、試験容器を解体しないと、模擬地山への注入材の浸透距離や浸透範囲を知ることができない。また、浸透速度や浸透時間については、まったく知ることができない。
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み、地山への注入材の浸透速度、浸透時間、浸透距離、浸透範囲その他の浸透性評価項目を、試験容器を解体しなくても測定でき、注入材の浸透性を適確に評価可能な試験方法及び試験装置を提供することを目的とする。 In the conventional test, the penetration distance and penetration range of the injection material into the simulated natural ground cannot be known unless the test container is disassembled. In addition, the penetration rate and penetration time cannot be known at all.
In view of such circumstances, the present invention can measure the penetration rate, penetration time, penetration distance, penetration range and other permeability evaluation items of the injection material into the natural ground without disassembling the test container. An object of the present invention is to provide a test method and a test apparatus capable of accurately evaluating the property.

前記課題を解決するため、本発明方法は、地山への注入材の浸透性を評価する試験方法であって、
内部を透視可能な細長い筒状の試験容器内に模擬地山を収容し、
前記試験容器内に挿入配置された注入管から前記注入材を前記模擬地山に注入することを特徴とする。
本発明装置は、地山への注入材の浸透性を評価する試験装置であって、
内部を透視可能な細長い筒状に形成され、模擬地山が収容された試験容器と、
前記試験容器内に挿入配置され、前記注入材を前記模擬地山に注入する注入管と
を備えたことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the method of the present invention is a test method for evaluating the permeability of an injection material into a natural ground,
The simulated ground is housed in an elongated cylindrical test container that can be seen through,
The injection material is injected into the simulated ground from an injection tube inserted and arranged in the test container.
The device of the present invention is a test device for evaluating the permeability of an injection material into a natural ground,
A test container that is formed in an elongated cylindrical shape that can be seen through, and that contains a simulated natural ground;
And an injection tube that is inserted into the test container and injects the injection material into the simulated ground.

試験容器が、内部を透視可能であることで、試験容器の外部から試験容器内の模擬地山の外周部を視認できる。
また、試験容器を細長くすることで、注入工程の開始後、短時間で注入材が模擬地山の外周部に達し、透視可能な試験容器を通して、注入材の浸透状況を視認できるようになる。
試験容器が細く、かつ透視可能であるために、注入材の全体的な浸透状況を試験容器の外側から把握できる。つまり、模擬地山の中央部と外周部とで、注入材の浸透度合いにあまり違いがなく、外周部での浸透状況さえ観察できれば十分である。
更に、試験容器の軸長を長くすることで、注入材が拡散可能な限界位置まで拡散できる。すなわち、注入材が拡散エネルギーを残した状態で試験容器の端部に達して拡散を阻止されるのを回避できる。
この結果、注入材の浸透速度、浸透時間、浸透距離、浸透範囲その他の浸透性評価項目を、試験容器を解体しなくても測定でき、注入材の浸透性を適確に評価することができる。 Since the inside of the test container can be seen through, the outer peripheral portion of the simulated ground in the test container can be visually recognized from the outside of the test container.
In addition, by elongating the test container, the injection material reaches the outer periphery of the simulated ground in a short time after the start of the injection process, and the penetration state of the injection material can be visually confirmed through the transparent test container.
Since the test container is thin and can be seen through, the entire penetration state of the injection material can be grasped from the outside of the test container. That is, there is not much difference in the degree of penetration of the injected material between the central part and the outer peripheral part of the simulated natural ground, and it is sufficient that even the permeation state at the outer peripheral part can be observed.
Further, by increasing the axial length of the test container, it is possible to diffuse to the limit position where the injection material can diffuse. That is, it can be prevented that the injection material reaches the end portion of the test container in a state where the diffusion energy remains and is prevented from diffusing.
As a result, the penetration rate, penetration time, penetration distance, penetration range and other permeability evaluation items of the injected material can be measured without disassembling the test container, and the permeability of the injected material can be accurately evaluated. .

前記注入材が着色されていることが好ましい。これによって、注入材と模擬地山を簡単に見分けることができ、浸透性評価を一層適確に行なうことができる。   It is preferable that the injection material is colored. As a result, the injection material and the simulated ground can be easily distinguished, and the permeability evaluation can be performed more accurately.

前記試験容器の内径は、５０ｍｍ〜３００ｍｍ程度であることが好ましい。これによって、試験容器内の模擬地山の中央部における注入材の浸透度合いと、外周部における注入材の浸透度合いを確実にほぼ同程度にでき、外周部での浸透状況を、透視性の試験容器を通して目視観察すれば、注入材の全体的な浸透状況を把握することができる。
前記試験容器の高さは、前記内径より大きく、かつ３００ｍｍ〜２０００ｍｍであることが好ましい。これによって、注入材が、試験容器ひいては模擬地山の軸線に沿って拡散可能な限界位置まで確実に拡散できる。 The inner diameter of the test container is preferably about 50 mm to 300 mm. As a result, the penetration degree of the injection material in the central part of the simulated ground in the test container and the penetration degree of the injection material in the outer peripheral part can be almost almost the same, and the penetration state in the outer peripheral part can be tested for transparency. By visually observing through the container, it is possible to grasp the overall state of penetration of the injected material.
It is preferable that the height of the test container is larger than the inner diameter and is 300 mm to 2000 mm. This ensures that the injected material can diffuse to the limit position where it can diffuse along the axis of the test container and thus the simulated ground.

前記試験容器が、透光性材料からなる細長い筒状の胴部と、前記胴部の端部を塞ぐ蓋部とを有していることが好ましい。
少なくとも胴部が内部を透視可能であることで、試験容器の外部から胴部を通して、注入材の浸透状況を観察できる。
前記胴部の軸線は、好ましくは上下ないしは鉛直に向けられる。
前記蓋部は、必ずしも内部を透視可能である必要がなく、非透光性材料で構成されていてもよい。
前記蓋部は、前記胴部の少なくとも一端部（例えば下端部）に設けられていればよい。好ましくは、前記胴部の両端部が蓋部で塞がれている。 It is preferable that the test container has an elongated cylindrical body made of a light-transmitting material and a lid that closes an end of the body.
Since at least the body part can be seen through, the state of penetration of the injection material can be observed from the outside of the test container through the body part.
The axis of the trunk is preferably oriented vertically or vertically.
The lid portion does not necessarily need to be able to see through the inside, and may be made of a non-translucent material.
The said cover part should just be provided in the at least one end part (for example, lower end part) of the said trunk | drum. Preferably, both end portions of the body portion are closed with lid portions.

前記蓋部には通気穴が形成され、前記通気穴には、気体及び液体の透過を許容し、固体の透過を阻止するフィルタが設けられていることが好ましい。
これによって、注入材の注入に伴って、試験容器内の空気を通気穴から排出できる。また、余剰の水分をも通気穴から押し出すことができる。これによって、注入材を円滑に注入できる。一方、通気穴にフィルタを設けることで、模擬地山が通気穴から漏れるのを防止できる。 It is preferable that a vent hole is formed in the lid portion, and a filter that allows gas and liquid to permeate and blocks solid permeation is provided in the vent hole.
Thereby, the air in the test container can be discharged from the vent hole as the injection material is injected. Also, excess water can be pushed out from the vent hole. Thereby, the injection material can be injected smoothly. On the other hand, by providing a filter in the vent hole, it is possible to prevent the simulated ground from leaking from the vent hole.

本発明によれば、地山への注入材の浸透性を適確に評価することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately evaluate the permeability of the injection material into the natural ground.

図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る浸透性評価試験装置の正面断面図である。FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a permeability evaluation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、図１のＩＩ−ＩＩ線に沿う、前記浸透性評価試験装置の試験容器の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the test container of the permeability evaluation test apparatus taken along line II-II in FIG. 図３（ａ）は、図１のＩＩＩａ−ＩＩＩａ線に沿う、前記試験容器の平面図である。図３（ｂ）は、図１のＩＩＩｂ−ＩＩＩｂ線に沿う、前記試験容器の底面図である。Fig.3 (a) is a top view of the said test container in alignment with the IIIa-IIIa line | wire of FIG. FIG.3 (b) is a bottom view of the said test container in alignment with the IIIb-IIIb line | wire of FIG. 図４（ａ）は、図１の円部ＩＶａの拡大断面図である。図４（ｂ）は、図１の円部ＩＶｂの拡大断面図である。FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the circle IVa in FIG. FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the circle IVb in FIG. 図５は、前記浸透性評価試験装置による注入材の浸透状態を、時間を追って示したものであり、図５（ａ）は、注入材の注入開始時を示す正面断面図である。図５（ｂ）は、注入材が試験装置の内周面まで拡散した段階の正面断面図である。図５（ｃ）は、注入材が発泡しながら拡散、浸透する段階の正面断面図である。図５（ｄ）は、注入材の拡散が収束した段階の正面断面図である。FIG. 5 shows the state of penetration of the injection material by the penetration evaluation test apparatus over time, and FIG. 5 (a) is a front sectional view showing the time of injection start of the injection material. FIG.5 (b) is front sectional drawing of the stage at which the injection material diffused to the inner peripheral surface of the test apparatus. FIG. 5C is a front cross-sectional view of the stage where the injection material diffuses and permeates while foaming. FIG. 5D is a front cross-sectional view at the stage where the diffusion of the injection material has converged. 図６は、実施例１における浸透性評価試験装置による注入材の浸透状況を、時間を追って撮影した写真である。FIG. 6 is a photograph taken over time of the state of penetration of the injection material by the permeability evaluation test apparatus in Example 1.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を図面にしたがって説明する。
本発明形態は、例えば、トンネル施工における長尺鋼管フォアパイリングないしはフォアポーリング等の先受け工の注入材の評価に適用される。先受け工においては、トンネル前方の地山に、中空ボルト等の先受け鋼管を打ち込み、該先受け鋼管の注入孔から注入材を地山に注入することで、地山を安定させる。当該地山に適合する注入材を選定するために、事前に浸透性評価試験を行なう。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The embodiment of the present invention is applied, for example, to the evaluation of an injection material for a receiving work such as long steel pipe fore-pilling or fore-poling in tunnel construction. In the receiving work, a receiving steel pipe such as a hollow bolt is driven into a natural ground in front of the tunnel, and the injection material is injected into the natural ground from an injection hole of the receiving steel pipe, thereby stabilizing the natural ground. In order to select an injection material suitable for the natural ground, a permeability evaluation test is conducted in advance.

図１は、本実施形態の浸透性評価試験装置１を示したものである。浸透性評価試験装置１は、試験容器１０と、注入管２０と、模擬地山３０を備えている。試験容器１０は、胴部１１と、蓋部１３，１２を有している。
図１及び図２に示すように、胴部１１は、細長い円筒形状に形成されている。ひいては、試験容器１０が細長い円筒状になっている。胴部１１の下端部が蓋部１３によって塞がれ、上端部が蓋部１２によって塞がれている。 FIG. 1 shows a permeability evaluation test apparatus 1 according to this embodiment. The permeability evaluation test apparatus 1 includes a test container 10, an injection tube 20, and a simulated natural ground 30. The test container 10 has a trunk portion 11 and lid portions 13 and 12.
As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the trunk | drum 11 is formed in the elongate cylindrical shape. As a result, the test container 10 has an elongated cylindrical shape. The lower end portion of the body portion 11 is closed by the lid portion 13, and the upper end portion is closed by the lid portion 12.

胴部１１は、透光性材料によって構成されている。これによって、試験容器１０が、胴部１１を通して、内部を透視可能になっている。前記透光性材料としては、透明な樹脂、ガラス等が挙げられる。   The trunk | drum 11 is comprised with the translucent material. Accordingly, the inside of the test container 10 can be seen through the trunk portion 11. Examples of the translucent material include transparent resin and glass.

図１に示すように、胴部１１の内部空間が、円柱状の試験室１０ａとなっている。胴部１１ひいては試験室１０ａの内径φ１は、高さＨ１より小さい（φ１＜Ｈ１）。好ましくは、内径φ１は、高さＨ１の半分以下であり（φ１≦Ｈ１３）、より好ましくは高さＨ１の３分の１以下であり（φ１≦Ｈ１２）、一層好ましくは高さＨ１の６分の１程度ないしはそれ以下である（φ１≒Ｈ１／６、φ１≦Ｈ１／６）。
具体的には、試験室１０ａの内径φ１は、好ましくはφ１＝５０ｍｍ〜３００ｍｍ程度である。試験室１０ａの高さＨ１は、好ましくはＨ１＝３００ｍｍ〜２０００ｍｍ程度である。 As shown in FIG. 1, the internal space of the trunk | drum 11 is the column-shaped test chamber 10a. The inner diameter phi 1 of the body portion 11 and hence the test chamber 10a is smaller than the height H 1 (φ 1 <H 1 ). Preferably, the inner diameter φ 1 is not more than half of the height H 1 (φ 1 ≦ H 13 ), more preferably not more than one third of the height H 1 (φ 1 ≦ H 12 ), and more preferably. is about one or less 6 of the height H 1 (φ 1 ≒ H 1 /6, φ 1 ≦ H 1/6).
Specifically, the inner diameter φ 1 of the test chamber 10a is preferably about φ 1 = 50 mm to 300 mm. The height H 1 of the test chamber 10a is preferably about H 1 = 300 mm to 2000 mm.

試験容器１０のうち、少なくとも胴部１１が透明ないしは透光性であればよく、蓋部１３，１２は透明ないしは透光性である必要が無い。
図３（ａ）に示すように、上側の蓋部１２は、非透光性の樹脂によって構成され、円形に形成されている。蓋部１２には、複数（図では４つ）の通気穴１２ｄが形成されている。これら通気穴１２ｄは、蓋部１２の周方向に互いに分散して配置されている。なお、通気穴１２ｄの数及び配置は適宜設定可能である。 Of the test container 10, at least the body portion 11 may be transparent or translucent, and the lid portions 13 and 12 do not need to be transparent or translucent.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the upper lid 12 is made of a non-translucent resin and is formed in a circular shape. A plurality of (four in the figure) vent holes 12d are formed in the lid portion 12. These vent holes 12d are arranged in a distributed manner in the circumferential direction of the lid 12. The number and arrangement of the vent holes 12d can be set as appropriate.

図４（ａ）に示すように、蓋部１２における試験室１０ａ側の面（下面）には、フィルタ１４が設けられている。フィルタ１４によって、通気穴１２ｄが覆われている。フィルタ１４は、気体及び液体の透過を許容し、固体の透過を阻止する。フィルタ１４の材質として、例えば不織布が用いられている。   As shown in FIG. 4A, a filter 14 is provided on the surface (lower surface) of the lid 12 on the test chamber 10a side. The ventilation hole 12d is covered with the filter 14. The filter 14 allows gas and liquid to pass therethrough and blocks solids from passing therethrough. As a material of the filter 14, for example, a nonwoven fabric is used.

図３（ｂ）に示すように、下側の蓋部１３（底板）は、非透光性の樹脂によって構成され、円形に形成されている。
蓋部１３には、複数（図では４つ）の通気穴１３ｄが形成されている。これら通気穴１３ｄは、蓋部１３の周方向に互いに分散して配置されている。なお、通気穴１３ｄの数及び配置は適宜設定可能である。 As shown in FIG. 3B, the lower lid portion 13 (bottom plate) is made of a non-translucent resin and is formed in a circular shape.
A plurality of (four in the figure) vent holes 13d are formed in the lid portion 13. These vent holes 13 d are arranged in a distributed manner in the circumferential direction of the lid portion 13. The number and arrangement of the vent holes 13d can be set as appropriate.

図４（ｂ）に示すように、蓋部１３における試験室１０ａ側の面（上面）には、フィルタ１５が設けられている。フィルタ１５によって、通気穴１３ｄが覆われている。フィルタ１５は、気体及び液体の透過を許容し、固体の透過を阻止する。フィルタ１５の材質として、例えば不織布が用いられている。   As shown in FIG. 4B, a filter 15 is provided on the surface (upper surface) of the lid portion 13 on the test chamber 10a side. The ventilation hole 13d is covered with the filter 15. The filter 15 allows gas and liquid to pass therethrough and blocks solids from passing therethrough. For example, a nonwoven fabric is used as the material of the filter 15.

図１に示すように、試験容器１０の内部に注入管２０が挿入配置されている。注入管２０は、鋼管によって構成され、試験容器１０の軸線に沿って上下に延びている。注入管２０の上端部は、蓋部１２を貫通し、試験容器１０の上方へ延び出ている。注入管２０の下端の開口部２０ｅは、試験容器１０の高さ方向の中間部に配置されている。好ましくは、開口部２０ｅは、試験容器１０の中間の高さ、ないしは中間の高さよりも少し下側に配置されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, an injection tube 20 is inserted and arranged inside the test container 10. The injection tube 20 is constituted by a steel tube and extends vertically along the axis of the test container 10. The upper end portion of the injection tube 20 extends through the lid portion 12 and above the test container 10. The opening 20 e at the lower end of the injection tube 20 is disposed at an intermediate portion in the height direction of the test container 10. Preferably, the opening 20e is disposed at an intermediate height of the test container 10 or slightly below the intermediate height.

試験容器１０の内部には、模擬地山３０が収容されている。注入管２０が、模擬地山３０内に埋まっている。
模擬地山３０としては、施工現場の地山と物性や性状が近い土砂が用いられている。好ましくは、模擬地山３０として、施工現場の地山と同等の透水性を有する硅砂が用いられている。 Inside the test container 10, a simulated natural ground 30 is accommodated. The injection tube 20 is buried in the simulated ground 30.
As the simulated natural ground 30, earth and sand having physical properties and properties similar to those of the natural ground at the construction site are used. Preferably, dredged sand having water permeability equivalent to that of the natural ground at the construction site is used as the simulated natural ground 30.

図１に示すように、注入管２０の上端部には、注入材３の供給管２１Ａ，２１Ｂが接続されている。ここでは、注入材３として、ウレタン系注入材が用いられている。ウレタン系注入材の原料は、ポリオール等のＡ液と、ポリイソシアネート等のＢ液を含む。供給管２１ＡにＡ液の供給源３Ａが接続され、供給管２１ＢにＢ液の供給源３Ｂが接続されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the supply pipes 21 </ b> A and 21 </ b> B of the injection material 3 are connected to the upper end portion of the injection pipe 20. Here, a urethane-based injection material is used as the injection material 3. The raw material of the urethane-based injecting material includes A liquid such as polyol and B liquid such as polyisocyanate. A supply source 3A for liquid A is connected to the supply pipe 21A, and a supply source 3B for liquid B is connected to the supply pipe 21B.

Ａ液又はＢ液の一方には、着色材４が添加されている。これによって、注入材３が、着色材４の色に着色されている。着色材４としては染料が用いられている。なお、着色材４は、染料に限られず、顔料を用いてもよい。図１では、着色材４は、Ａ液に添加されているが、Ｂ液に添加されていてもよく、Ａ液及びＢ液の両方に添加されていてもよい。
着色材４の色は、模擬地山３０の色に対して補色関係となる色であることが好ましい。
複数の試験容器１０を用意し、複数種の注入材３に対してそれぞれ浸透試験を行なう場合には、注入材３ごとに別の色を付けてもよい。 The coloring material 4 is added to one of the A liquid and the B liquid. Thereby, the injection material 3 is colored in the color of the coloring material 4. A dye is used as the coloring material 4. The colorant 4 is not limited to a dye, and a pigment may be used. In FIG. 1, the colorant 4 is added to the liquid A, but may be added to the liquid B, or may be added to both the liquid A and the liquid B.
The color of the colorant 4 is preferably a color that is complementary to the color of the simulated ground mountain 30.
In the case where a plurality of test containers 10 are prepared and a penetration test is performed on each of the plurality of types of injection materials 3, different colors may be given to the injection materials 3.

浸透性評価試験は、次のようにして行う。
図１に示すように、試験容器１０内に模擬地山３０を充填する。
実際の地山は通常、水分を含んでいるため、模擬地山３０に水を浸み込ませることで、実際の地山の状態に近づけることが好ましい。なお、参考データ等を得るために、水分を含ませないことにしてもよい。 The permeability evaluation test is performed as follows.
As shown in FIG. 1, a simulated ground pile 30 is filled in the test container 10.
Since an actual natural ground usually contains moisture, it is preferable to bring the simulated natural ground 30 into water so as to approximate the actual natural state. In order to obtain reference data or the like, moisture may not be included.

図１に示すように、ウレタン原料のＡ液及びＢ液をそれぞれ供給管２１Ａ，２１Ｂから注入管２０に供給する。Ａ液又はＢ液には着色材４を添加しておく。これらＡ液及びＢ液が混合されてウレタン系注入材３となり、注入管２０の下端開口部２０ｅから模擬地山３０内に吐出される。
更に、注入材３が模擬地山３０内を上下へ拡散、浸透していく。詳しくは、図５（ａ）〜（ｂ）に示すように、注入材３は、発泡前の液状態では主に下方へ拡散し、図５（ｃ）〜（ｄ）に示すように、発泡すると主に上方へ拡散していく。 As shown in FIG. 1, A liquid and B liquid of a urethane raw material are supplied to the injection pipe 20 from the supply pipes 21A and 21B, respectively. The coloring material 4 is added to the A liquid or the B liquid. These A liquid and B liquid are mixed to form the urethane-based injection material 3, and are discharged into the simulated ground 30 from the lower end opening 20 e of the injection pipe 20.
Furthermore, the injection material 3 diffuses and penetrates in the simulated ground 30 up and down. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5B, the injection material 3 mainly diffuses downward in the liquid state before foaming, and as shown in FIGS. 5C to 5D, foaming is performed. Then, it mainly diffuses upward.

試験容器１０の胴部１１は透明であり、内部が透視可能であるため、試験容器１０の外部から、試験容器１０内の模擬地山３０の外周部を視認できる。
かつ、試験容器１０が細長筒状であるため、図５（ｂ）に示すように、注入工程の開始後、短時間で模擬地山３０内の注入材３における最も外側の部分３ｅが、模擬地山３０の外周部に達し、透明な胴部１１を通して、該最外側部分３ｅを視認できるようになる。この最外側部分３ｅの浸透状況を観察することで、注入材３のほぼ全体の浸透状況を把握できる。つまり、試験容器１０が細いために、模擬地山３０の中央部と外周部とで、注入材３の浸透度合いにあまり違いがなく、外周部での浸透状況さえ観察できれば十分である。
しかも、注入材３が着色されているため、注入材３と模擬地山３０を容易に見分けることができ、浸透状況を容易に観察できる。
更に、試験容器１０の軸長を上下に長くすることで、図５（ｄ）に示すように、注入材３が、上下に拡散可能な限界位置まで拡散、浸透できる。すなわち、注入材３がまだ拡散エネルギーを残しているにも拘わらず試験容器１０の上端部又は下端部に達して拡散を阻止されるのを回避できる。
この結果、試験容器１０を解体しなくても、浸透速度、浸透時間、浸透範囲、浸透距離などを試験容器１０の外部から測定でき、注入材３の浸透性を適確に評価することができる。
図５（ｄ）に示すように、浸透距離Ｌは、浸透が十分に収まった後、測定する。好ましくは、注入材３の最外側部分３ｅの上端部から下端部までの距離の最大値と最小値を測定し、その平均値を浸透距離Ｌとする。 Since the trunk | drum 11 of the test container 10 is transparent and the inside can be seen through, the outer peripheral part of the simulation natural ground 30 in the test container 10 can be visually recognized from the outside of the test container 10.
And since the test container 10 is an elongate cylinder shape, as shown in FIG.5 (b), after the start of an injection | pouring process, the outermost part 3e in the injection material 3 in the simulation ground 30 is simulated in a short time. The outermost part 3e is reached, and the outermost part 3e can be visually recognized through the transparent body part 11. By observing the penetration state of the outermost part 3e, the penetration state of almost the entire injection material 3 can be grasped. That is, since the test container 10 is thin, there is not much difference in the degree of penetration of the injection material 3 between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the simulated ground pile 30, and it is sufficient to observe only the permeation state at the outer peripheral portion.
Moreover, since the injection material 3 is colored, the injection material 3 and the simulated ground 30 can be easily distinguished, and the penetration state can be easily observed.
Furthermore, by increasing the axial length of the test container 10 vertically, as shown in FIG. 5D, the injection material 3 can diffuse and permeate to a limit position where it can diffuse vertically. That is, it can be prevented that the injection material 3 reaches the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the test container 10 and the diffusion is prevented even though the injection material 3 still retains the diffusion energy.
As a result, the penetration rate, penetration time, penetration range, penetration distance, and the like can be measured from the outside of the test vessel 10 without disassembling the test vessel 10, and the permeability of the injection material 3 can be accurately evaluated. .
As shown in FIG. 5 (d), the permeation distance L is measured after the permeation is sufficiently reduced. Preferably, the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance from the upper end portion to the lower end portion of the outermost part 3e of the injection material 3 are measured, and the average value is set as the permeation distance L.

注入材３の注入に伴って、試験容器１０内の空気が、フィルタ１４，１５を透過し、通気穴１３ｄ，１２ｄから排出される。また、模擬地山３０内の余剰の水分についても、フィルタ１４，１５を透過させて通気穴１３ｄ，１２ｄから押し出すことができる。これによって、注入材３を円滑に注入できる。
一方、模擬地山３０の硅砂は、フィルタ１４，１５によって阻まれ、通気穴１３ｄ，１２ｄから漏れるのを防止できる。 As the injection material 3 is injected, the air in the test container 10 passes through the filters 14 and 15 and is discharged from the vent holes 13d and 12d. Further, excess water in the simulated ground can also be pushed out of the vent holes 13d and 12d through the filters 14 and 15. Thereby, the injection material 3 can be injected smoothly.
On the other hand, the dredged sand in the simulated ground 30 is blocked by the filters 14 and 15 and can be prevented from leaking from the vent holes 13d and 12d.

複数の浸透性評価試験装置１を用意し、互いに組成等が異なる注入材３を注入して、それぞれ浸透性評価を行なうことで、適用対象の地山に合った注入材３を選定できる。この場合、前述したように、注入材３ごとに異なる色に着色することが好ましい。これによって、注入材３の種類を色によって容易に判別できる。   By preparing a plurality of penetrability evaluation test apparatuses 1 and injecting injection materials 3 having different compositions and the like and conducting the respective permeability evaluations, it is possible to select the injection material 3 that matches the natural ground to be applied. In this case, as described above, it is preferable to color the injection material 3 in a different color. Thereby, the kind of the injection material 3 can be easily discriminated by the color.

本発明は、前記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の改変をなすことができる。
例えば、注入材は、前記ウレタン系注入材に限られず、シリカレジン系注入材、セメント系注入材等を用いてもよい。シリカレジン系注入材は、特殊珪酸ソーダ（Ａ液）と変性ポリイソシアネート（Ｂ液）を原料とする変性ポリウレタンである。
セメント系注入材は、模擬地山３０内を主に下方へ拡散されるから、注入管２０の開口部２０ｅを試験室１０ａ内における上端近くの高さに配置してもよい。
試験容器１０は、細長い筒状であればよく、円筒形状に限られず、四角筒その他の多角筒形状であってもよい。
試験容器１０軸線の向きは、上下（鉛直）に限られず、水平であってもよく、鉛直又は水平に対して傾斜されていてもよい。
胴部１１だけでなく蓋部１２，１３も透光性を有していてもよい。
両端の蓋部１２，１３のうち、一方（例えば蓋部１２）を省略してもよい。
本発明は、切羽の上半アーチ外周から前方へ長尺先受け鋼管を打設する長尺先受け工法の注入材選定の他、切羽鏡部に鏡ボルトを打設する鏡ボルト工法の注入材選定などにも適用できる。
本発明は、トンネル構築時の地山への注入材の選定に限られず、他の地中構造物やビル等の建築構造物を構築する際の地盤改良材としての注入材の選定等にも適用できる。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the injection material is not limited to the urethane-based injection material, and a silica resin-based injection material, a cement-based injection material, or the like may be used. The silica resin-based injection material is a modified polyurethane that uses special sodium silicate (A liquid) and modified polyisocyanate (B liquid) as raw materials.
Since the cement-based injection material is mainly diffused downward in the simulated natural ground 30, the opening 20e of the injection tube 20 may be arranged at a height near the upper end in the test chamber 10a.
The test container 10 is not limited to a cylindrical shape as long as it is an elongated cylinder, and may be a rectangular cylinder or other polygonal cylinders.
The direction of the test container 10 axis is not limited to the vertical direction (vertical), and may be horizontal, or may be inclined with respect to the vertical or horizontal.
Not only the trunk | drum 11 but the cover parts 12 and 13 may also have translucency.
One of the lid portions 12 and 13 at both ends (for example, the lid portion 12) may be omitted.
In addition to selecting an injection material for a long tip receiving construction method in which a long tip receiving steel pipe is placed forward from the outer periphery of the upper half arch of the face, an injection material for a mirror bolt construction method in which a mirror bolt is placed on the face mirror portion. It can also be applied to selection.
The present invention is not limited to the selection of the injection material to the natural ground at the time of tunnel construction, but also to the selection of the injection material as a ground improvement material when building other underground structures and building structures such as buildings. Applicable.

実施例を説明する。ただし、本発明が以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
図１と実質同等の浸透性評価試験装置１を作製した。
試験容器１０の胴部１１として、透明なポリ塩化ビニル製のパイプを用いた。
試験室１０ａの高さＨ１は、Ｈ１＝１０００ｍｍ、内径φ１は、φ１＝１５５ｍｍであった。
試験容器１０の上端から下へ６００ｍｍの高さに、注入管２０の下端開口部２０ｅを位置させた。
模擬地山３０として、例えば２号硅砂（粒径２〜４ｍｍ、間隙率約３５％、透水係数１００〜１０１ｃｍ／ｓ）を用いた。
模擬地山３０を５回に分けて試験容器１０内に自然落下により投入した。投入する度に締め固めた。更に、含水比２０ｗ％程度になるように、模擬地山３０に水を含ませた。
注入材３として、例えば旭有機材株式会社製ウレタン系注入材を用いた。注入材３の注入量は１３ｋｇ、発泡倍率は４倍であった。
注入材３には、着色材４として、例えば赤色の染料を混入させた。 Examples will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
A permeability evaluation test apparatus 1 substantially equivalent to that shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
A transparent polyvinyl chloride pipe was used as the body 11 of the test container 10.
The height H1 of the test chamber 10a was H 1 = 1000 mm, and the inner diameter φ 1 was φ 1 = 155 mm.
The lower end opening 20e of the injection tube 20 was positioned at a height of 600 mm from the upper end of the test container 10 downward.
As the simulated natural ground 30, for example, No. 2 cinnabar (particle size: 2 to 4 mm, porosity: about 35%, hydraulic conductivity: 10 0 to 10 1 cm / s) was used.
The simulated natural ground 30 was divided into five times and dropped into the test container 10 by natural fall. It was compacted every time it was introduced. Furthermore, water was included in the simulated natural ground 30 so that the water content ratio was about 20 w%.
As the injection material 3, for example, a urethane-based injection material manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd. was used. The injection amount of the injection material 3 was 13 kg, and the expansion ratio was 4 times.
For example, a red dye is mixed in the injection material 3 as the coloring material 4.

図６に示すように、注入材３の注入開始後２０秒弱で、模擬地山３０の中間部の外面に赤色の注入材３が現れた。また、通気穴１３ｄから盛んに排水が見られた。更に、注入材３が模擬地山３０内を上下に浸透していくのが、透明胴部１１を通して確認された。注入開始から１２０秒程度で拡散が収束した。
注入材３を着色しておくことで、浸透の様子を明瞭に観察でき、浸透時間、浸透距離等を明確に計測できることが確認された。 As shown in FIG. 6, the red injection material 3 appeared on the outer surface of the intermediate portion of the simulated ground 30 within 20 seconds after the injection of the injection material 3 started. Moreover, drainage was seen actively from the vent hole 13d. Furthermore, it was confirmed through the transparent trunk | drum 11 that the injection material 3 osmose | permeates the inside of the simulation natural ground 30 up and down. The diffusion converged in about 120 seconds from the start of injection.
It was confirmed that by coloring the injection material 3, the state of permeation can be clearly observed and the permeation time, permeation distance, and the like can be clearly measured.

本発明は、例えばトンネル地山の地盤改良材の選定に適用できる。   The present invention can be applied to, for example, selection of ground improvement materials for tunnel ground.

１ 浸透性評価試験装置
３ 注入材
４ 着色材
１０ 試験容器
１０ａ 試験室
１１ 胴部
１２ 蓋部
１２ｄ 通気穴
１３ 蓋部
１３ｄ 通気穴
１４，１５ フィルタ
２０ 注入管
３０ 模擬地山 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Permeability evaluation test apparatus 3 Injection material 4 Coloring material 10 Test container 10a Test chamber 11 Trunk part 12 Lid part 12d Vent hole 13 Lid part 13d Vent hole 14, 15 Filter 20 Injection pipe 30 Simulated ground

Claims (7)

地山への注入材の浸透性を評価する試験方法であって、
内部を透視可能な細長い筒状の試験容器内に模擬地山を収容し、
前記試験容器内に挿入配置された注入管から前記注入材を前記模擬地山に注入することを特徴とする浸透性評価試験方法。 A test method for evaluating the permeability of an injection material into a natural ground,
The simulated ground is housed in an elongated cylindrical test container that can be seen through,
A permeability evaluation test method, wherein the injection material is injected into the simulated ground from an injection tube inserted and arranged in the test container. 前記注入材が着色されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の浸透性評価試験方法。   The permeability evaluation test method according to claim 1, wherein the injection material is colored. 地山への注入材の浸透性を評価する試験装置であって、
内部を透視可能な細長い筒状に形成され、模擬地山が収容された試験容器と、
前記試験容器内に挿入配置され、前記注入材を前記模擬地山に注入する注入管と
を備えたことを特徴とする浸透性評価試験装置。 A test device for evaluating the permeability of an injection material into a natural ground,
A test container that is formed in an elongated cylindrical shape that can be seen through, and that contains a simulated natural ground;
A permeability evaluation test apparatus, comprising: an injection tube that is inserted into the test container and injects the injection material into the simulated ground. 前記注入材が着色されていることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の浸透性評価試験装置。   The permeability evaluation test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the injection material is colored. 前記試験容器の内径が、５０ｍｍ〜３００ｍｍであり、
前記試験容器の高さが、前記内径より大きく、かつ３００ｍｍ〜２０００ｍｍであることを特徴とする請求項３又は４に記載の浸透性評価試験装置。 The inner diameter of the test container is 50 mm to 300 mm,
5. The permeability evaluation test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a height of the test container is larger than the inner diameter and is 300 mm to 2000 mm. 前記試験容器が、透光性材料からなる細長い筒状の胴部と、前記胴部の端部を塞ぐ蓋部とを有していることを特徴とする請求項３〜５の何れか１項に記載の浸透性評価試験装置。   The said test container has an elongate cylindrical trunk | drum which consists of a translucent material, and the cover part which plugs up the edge part of the said trunk | drum, The any one of Claims 3-5 characterized by the above-mentioned. The penetrability evaluation test apparatus described in 1. 前記蓋部には通気穴が形成され、前記通気穴には、気体及び液体の透過を許容し、固体の透過を阻止するフィルタが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の浸透性評価試験装置。   The permeation according to claim 6, wherein a vent hole is formed in the lid portion, and a filter that allows gas and liquid to permeate and blocks solid permeation is provided in the vent hole. Sex evaluation test equipment.
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50144218A (en) * 1974-05-10 1975-11-20
JPH08311856A (en) * 1995-05-16 1996-11-26 Railway Technical Res Inst Grouting and injection device used therefor
JPH09125364A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-13 Shimizu Corp Chemical injection test device and chemical injectabiilty judgment system using same
JP2009019377A (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-29 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd Soil treatment equipment and soil treatment method
KR20110096626A (en) * 2010-02-23 2011-08-31 (주)백경지앤씨 Method for filling steel pile with liquid type grout having super viscosity and fluidity
JP2016156142A (en) * 2015-02-23 2016-09-01 強化土株式会社 Ground injection method and ground injection device
JP2016175982A (en) * 2015-03-19 2016-10-06 旭有機材株式会社 Chemical for natural ground consolidation

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50144218A (en) * 1974-05-10 1975-11-20
JPH08311856A (en) * 1995-05-16 1996-11-26 Railway Technical Res Inst Grouting and injection device used therefor
JPH09125364A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-13 Shimizu Corp Chemical injection test device and chemical injectabiilty judgment system using same
JP2009019377A (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-29 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd Soil treatment equipment and soil treatment method
KR20110096626A (en) * 2010-02-23 2011-08-31 (주)백경지앤씨 Method for filling steel pile with liquid type grout having super viscosity and fluidity
JP2016156142A (en) * 2015-02-23 2016-09-01 強化土株式会社 Ground injection method and ground injection device
JP2016175982A (en) * 2015-03-19 2016-10-06 旭有機材株式会社 Chemical for natural ground consolidation

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