JP2018204262A - Load bearing structure of wooden building - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a load bearing structure of a wooden building which can avoid reduction in a bearing force due to buckling, even when a strong horizontal force is applied, in the case where a resin foam tabular member whose compressive force on a side surface is equal to or greater than a predetermined value is used as a bearing material.SOLUTION: In a wooden building in which structure members comprising a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members are combined, a foam resin tabular member which is not fixed to the structure member and fitted in a space part is provided. In the foam resin tabular member which is selected, a compressive force of a side surface is equal to or greater than 5 N/cm, the width is smaller than the width of the space part by a side surface clearance (t3), the height is shorter than the height of the space part by an upper part clearance (t4). When fitted in the space part, there is the side surface clearance with respect to the pair of columns, and a cutout part is formed which corresponds to the upper part clearance (t4) so that, when the colum inclines by receiving a horizontal force, upper and lower sides do not come into contact with the horizontal member. In order that a bearing force is exhibited in a range between 1/15 rad which the existing bearing wall cannot correspond and 1/8 rad at which the wooden building starts to collapse, t3 is chosen to be 0.5-3.5 mm, and the cutout part (t4) is chosen to be 25-50 mm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a load-bearing structure of a wooden building, and more particularly to a load-bearing structure of a wooden building that has both a wall load-bearing structure and heat insulation performance, for example.

FIG. 13 is an elevation view of a part of a conventional wooden building, showing a case of normal operation (left diagram) and a case of deformation due to a horizontal force applied by an earthquake (right diagram).
A wooden building has a rectangular structural member 3 composed of a pair of pillars 1a, 1b and a pair of horizontal members 2a, 2b, arranged in the row direction of the building (lateral direction as seen from the plane of the building) and the tension direction (building In the depth direction or the vertical direction when viewed from the plane, the structure material is combined in each direction.
And if a wooden building does not have a necessary or sufficient load-bearing wall such as a wall or a brace in the space 4 of the rectangular structural member 3 composed of the pillars 1a and 1b and the horizontal members 2a and 2b, the horizontal force is normal. There is no problem because (or horizontal load) is not applied, but there is a risk that the building will collapse if a horizontal force exceeding a certain value is applied due to the occurrence of an earthquake or typhoon.

In order to prevent the building from collapsing when receiving a large force (horizontal force) such as an earthquake or a typhoon, a wooden building requires a load-bearing structure as a load-bearing wall.
The seismic design of wooden buildings in Japan is based on the Great Kanto Earthquake, which assumes that buildings will not be damaged by medium-scale earthquakes with a seismic intensity of 5 or so. However, it is based on the idea that even if there is some damage, it will not collapse or collapse and protect human life.
Also, in the case of typhoons and snow cover, materials and wall amounts are determined based on this concept.
The conventional load-bearing structure of wooden buildings was evaluated only by rigidity, but with the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, tenacity toughness has been considered.

  According to the Building Standard Law, in a building where the walls, pillars, and horizontal members, which are the main parts in terms of structural strength, are wooden, each floor is designed to be safe against horizontal forces (or horizontal loads) in all directions. It is stipulated that shafts with walls or struts must be arranged in a balanced manner in the spanning direction and the column direction.

Conventionally, struts, plywood, earth walls, penetrations, and the like are known as wall strength structures of wooden buildings. Plywood and earth walls are proof in terms of surface.
As these load-bearing structures, any of the following structures is adopted for columns and beams or foundations (hereinafter, beams and foundations are collectively referred to as “horizontal members”). In other words, the brace is fixed (or tightened) at both ends by nailing, etc., the plywood is fixed at four intervals by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members at predetermined intervals, and the through holes are fixed to the pair of columns. Is done.
Here, these wall magnifications are as follows: the earth wall is the wall magnification 1; the brace is 3 cm thick and the width is 9 cm or more for wood with a wall magnification of 1.5 times; and the plywood is a wall magnification of 2.5 times. The The wall magnification is not evaluated even if it is 5 times or more, and is considered to be 5 times at the maximum.

If these existing load-bearing structures exceed a certain load due to an earthquake or the like, they will break and lose their load-bearing capacity, and the wooden building will collapse. Specifically, when the width between the pair of columns is 1 m, the distance between the pair of horizontal members is H, and the wall magnification is 1, the horizontal due to the inclination of the pair of columns when a horizontal force of 1.96 kN is applied. When the displacement is δ, the interlayer deformation angle representing the angle due to the inclination of the pair of columns is expressed by δ / H (unit: radians, abbreviated symbol “rad”). When this interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) significantly exceeds 1/15 rad (for example, exceeds 1/8 rad), an upper load or the like is also applied, so that the wooden building starts to collapse.
Therefore, the wooden building is required to have a tenacious strength without collapsing after deformation. In other words, a wooden building having a tenacious load-bearing structure is unlikely to cause the building to collapse at a stretch, and can contribute to increasing the survival rate of residents in the event of a disaster. Therefore, the wooden building is required to have a tenacious load-bearing structure.

On the other hand, in the wooden building, in order to save energy, all outer wall surfaces are provided with heat insulating materials. As the heat insulating material, a foamed resin heat insulating material (specifically, an extruded polystyrene heat insulating material; generally abbreviated as “XPS”), a glass fiber heat insulating material (glass wool), or the like is used.
Conventionally, an extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material (XPS) is used only as a heat insulating material or a heat insulating material, and is hardly used as a structural material of a wooden building.

There exists patent document 1 as a prior art which used the extrusion method polystyrene foam heat insulating material as a structural material.
In Patent Document 1, instead of a brace, a reinforcing structure 1 composed of a band portion 4, a fixed hardware 5 and a length adjusting means 6 is fixed to two structural members (columns and beams) 8 and 9, and a reinforcing member The reinforcement structure of the wooden building which attached 3 is disclosed. The reinforcing member 3 is fixedly attached to the corners of the structural members 8 and 9 such as columns and beams, and includes a small triangular synthetic resin foam 14. As a material for the synthetic resin foam 14, an extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material is used.
That is, Patent Document 1 is a technique in which a reinforcing structure 1 is provided as a main load-bearing structural material, and a reinforcing member 3 is provided as a structural material to be followed for attenuation of compressive force.

JP 2007-40045 (FIGS. 1 to 5)

Any of the conventional seismic structures such as braces, plywood, or earth walls have a problem of breaking or losing their strength when they are subjected to a horizontal force (or horizontal load) exceeding a certain level, such as a large earthquake, causing the building to collapse. .
For example, a load bearing wall structure using plywood is a structure in which plywood is nailed at a predetermined interval with respect to a column, and is simply stopped by a nail, so that the nail strength becomes the wall strength. Therefore, when a horizontal force exceeding a certain strength such as a large earthquake is applied, the nails near the four corners are pulled out and damaged, and the nail removal at the peripheral portions gradually expands, and the proof strength of the plywood is eventually greatly reduced. .
In addition, when a horizontal force exceeding a certain strength, such as a large earthquake, is applied to the brace, the screws of the part that is screwed to the column and beam brackets come off the column and beam, and the strength of the brace Will drop significantly.
If the strength of plywood and braces is greatly reduced, wooden buildings can collapse at once, causing serious harm to the lives of residents.
Therefore, a wooden building is required to have a tenacious load-bearing structure.

  In Patent Document 1, since the reinforcing structure 1 and the reinforcing member 3 are attached, a great amount of time and labor are required for the attaching operation, and the cost becomes high. Further, even if the reinforcing member 3 attenuates the compressive force, in the event of a large earthquake, the reinforcing member 3 is broken so as to widen the hole of the synthetic resin foam 14 through which the fastener penetrates, or the screw to which the fastener is attached. -Since a bolt comes off from a structural material, the compression force made into the main use purpose of the synthetic resin foam 14 may not be exhibited.

  In the performance evaluation test of a wooden bearing wall based on the Building Standards Act, an upper horizontal member (beam) is placed in an opening (for example, height 2730 mm × width 910 mm or 1820 mm) surrounded by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members. When a horizontal force is applied from the horizontal direction, the horizontal force is measured when a structural material such as a brace or plywood can no longer function as a structural material. The wall magnification is obtained based on the calculation result of how many times it is with respect to the horizontal force (1.96 kN) that is the standard of the test, and it is tested that it has a proof strength that satisfies the safety factor of the Building Standard Law.

(Background technology)
The inventor of the present application pays attention to the fact that a foamed resin plate-like member such as XPS has a large proof stress with respect to a direction parallel to the width direction (that is, a plane), and uses the foamed resin plate-like member as a load-bearing structural material. Then, after carrying out research for putting the foamed resin plate-shaped member into practical use as a structural material and conducting various experiments, the following problems were found.
FIG. 13 is an elevational view for explaining the background art of the present invention, and particularly shows a state in which a foamed resin plate-like member is fitted in a space portion surrounded by a structural member of a wooden building. In addition, the wooden building shown in FIG. 13 is also an internal heat insulation (filling heat insulation) structure using the foamed resin plate-like member 5 as a heat insulating material.
In FIG. 13, a structural material 3 including a pair of pillars 1 a and 1 b and a pair of horizontal members 2 a and 2 b has a space portion 4. In this space portion 4, the same foamed resin plate-like member 5 as that used as a heat insulating material is fitted. The foamed resin plate-like member 5 fitted in the space 4 has a planar shape that is substantially the same as or slightly smaller (for example, several mm) than the planar shape (or the elevational shape) of the space portion 4. Is the same material as used, and is selected for optimal compressive strength.
Here, in the case where the foamed resin plate-like member 5 is used only as a heat insulating material, the planar shape of the foamed resin plate-like member 5 is exactly the same as the planar shape of the space portion 4 in order to enhance the heat insulation performance as much as possible. preferable. However, in practice, if the dimensions are the same, the fitting operation is not easy, so the fitting operation cannot be performed efficiently, and a slightly smaller (for example, several mm) planar shape may be selected. If the planar shape of the foamed resin plate-like member 5 is made slightly smaller than the planar shape of the space portion 4, a slight gap is generated in each of the height direction and the width direction. Although it is preferable not to ensure high heat insulation performance, this gap is unavoidably provided in construction in order to facilitate the fitting operation of the foamed resin plate member 5.

In this state, as shown in the right diagram of FIG. 13, when a rightward horizontal force is gradually applied to the upper horizontal member 2b, the pair of pillars 1a and 1b are gradually inclined and the space portion 4 is deformed. As the pair of pillars 1a and 1b are inclined, the upper horizontal member (beam) 2b gradually descends, and the space 4 is deformed into a rhombus.
At this time, since the pair of pillars 1a and 1b are horizontally displaced by the length δ, the upper horizontal member 2b moves downward by the length t1 as compared with the state before the horizontal force is applied, and the foamed resin plate member One side of the upper side of 5 (the upper left corner in the figure when a horizontal force is applied from the left to the right) is apparently pushed up (substantially compressed) by the length t2. At the same time, the other side of the lower side of the foamed resin plate-like member 5 (the lower right corner in the figure when a horizontal force is applied from the left to the right) is apparently pushed down by the length t2 (substantially compressed). ) State. Therefore, a strong force is applied to the foamed resin plate member 5 from the top and bottom in the height direction. However, since the height H is many times larger than the width W, the strong force for bending the foam resin plate member 5 is It is added to the direction (or the diagonal direction of the foamed resin plate-like member 5).
In addition, when a leftward horizontal force is applied, the force applied to the corners of the foamed resin plate member 5 is reversed left and right on the upper side and the lower side.
In addition, the width between the pair of pillars 1a and 1b is narrower when a horizontal force is applied than when no horizontal force is applied (w1 = W−x, where x is the length of the narrowing). I also found out that
That is, when a strong horizontal force is applied, the foamed resin plate-like member 5 tilts (rotates) obliquely with both side surfaces in contact with the inside of the pair of pillars 1a and 1b. The hatched portion on one side (upper left corner in the figure) is pushed down (compressed) with a strong force by the horizontal member 2b, and the other side (lower right corner in the figure) on the lower side is pushed up with a strong force by the horizontal member 2a. It is done. As a result, the foamed resin plate-like member 5 receives a strong compressive force in the vertical direction, buckles at the center portion in the height direction, and curves. When the buckling occurs, the foamed resin plate-like member 5 exhibits sufficient proof stress because the both side surfaces in contact with the pair of columns 1a and 1b cannot secure a sufficient contact area with the columns 1a and 1b. It will come off from the space part 4 before.
Due to such a phenomenon, it has been found that when a foamed resin plate member is used as a structural material of a wooden building, it is necessary to prevent a decrease in yield strength due to buckling. It was found that if the decrease in yield strength due to buckling of the foamed resin plate-like member can be prevented or avoided, the foamed resin plate-like member can be sufficiently used as a load-bearing structural material.

  Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a wooden structure that has a tenacious load-bearing structure and is capable of avoiding a decrease in yield strength due to buckling without being damaged at a stretch even under a strong horizontal load such as a large earthquake. It is to provide a load bearing structure.

  Another object of the present invention is that a wooden building is formed by an existing load-bearing material while the horizontal force is within a predetermined range, and by a load strength of the foamed resin plate member when a larger horizontal force that cannot be covered by the existing load-bearing material is applied. It is to provide a load-bearing structure for a wooden building that can avoid collapse at a stretch.

1st invention is a wooden building comprised combining the structural member which has the space part enclosed by a pair of pillar and a pair of horizontal member, Comprising: A several foamed resin plate-shaped member is provided.
The plurality of foamed resin plate-like members are respectively fitted into the space portions corresponding to the structural members without being fixed to the respective structural members.
This foamed resin plate-like member is a foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more on the side surface in the width direction, and the width of the elevational shape is a first length than the width of the space portion. By being selected to be smaller by 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, the portion having the first length becomes the side clearance when it is fitted into the space and a horizontal force cannot be applied.
In addition, when a horizontal force is applied, the foamed resin plate-like member exhibits strength in a range of 1/8 radians where a wooden building starts to collapse from 1/15 radians, which is not supported by existing bearing walls. As a result, when the pair of columns is inclined and the width thereof is narrowed, the both side surfaces are in close contact with the pair of columns included in the structural member. Works.
In addition, when the foamed resin plate-like member exhibits proof strength in the range of 1/15 radians to 1/8 radians, in order to avoid buckling caused by the upper and lower sides being compressed by a pair of horizontal members. In the state where the notch is not applied with a horizontal force by forming the notch so that the height of the elevation shape is smaller than the height of the space by a second length of 25 mm to 50 mm. It becomes the upper clearance.

  According to 1st invention, even if it receives the strong horizontal load like a big earthquake, since a foamed resin plate-shaped member is a padding (or cushion) of a space part, a wooden building collapses or breaks at a stretch. Therefore, a load-bearing structure for a wooden building that has a tenacity-bearing structure and can avoid a decrease in the yield strength due to buckling can be obtained.

A second aspect of the present invention is a wooden building configured by combining structural members having a space surrounded by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members, and includes a plurality of foamed resin plate members.
The plurality of foamed resin plate-like members are respectively fitted into the space portions corresponding to the structural members without being fixed to the respective structural members.
This foamed resin plate-like member is a foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more by the side surface in the width direction, and the width of the elevational shape is selected to be smaller than the width of the space portion by the side clearance, In addition, the height of the vertical surface shape is selected to be smaller by the upper clearance than the height of the space portion, thereby having side clearance in the width direction with respect to the pair of columns when fitted into the space portion, and a pair of columns. When the is inclined by receiving a horizontal force, a notch is formed so that the upper side and the lower side thereof do not contact the horizontal member.
In addition, the foamed resin plate-like member has a side clearance of 0. 1 so as to exert a proof strength in a range of 1/8 radians where a wooden building starts to collapse from 1/15 radians, which is not supported by existing load-bearing walls. 5 mm to 3.5 mm is selected, and the notch is selected to be 25 mm to 50 mm.
Accordingly, when the pair of pillars are inclined and the width thereof is narrowed by applying a horizontal force, the foamed resin plate-like member is in close contact with the pair of pillars included in the first structural member. Therefore, it receives the compressive force on both side surfaces thereof and acts as a bearing wall.

  According to 2nd invention, even if it receives the strong horizontal load like a big earthquake, a wooden building does not collapse or break at a stretch, it has a tenacious load-bearing structure, and it can avoid the reduction | decrease in the load-bearing force by buckling.

  According to a third invention, in the first invention or the second invention, the shape of the notch is rectangular (or parallelogram), and the upper side is formed in parallel to the horizontal member, A uniform upper clearance is ensured in the width direction in a state where no horizontal force is applied.

  4th invention WHEREIN: In 1st invention or 2nd invention, when the upper side of a foamed resin plate-shaped member is formed in the mountain shape which inclines toward the both sides | surfaces from the center part of the width direction, right-and-left both ends It is characterized by ensuring the upper clearance which becomes the maximum value.

According to a fifth invention, in the first invention or the second invention, the upper clearance above the upper side of the foamed resin plate member is filled with a heat insulating material having no proof strength different from that of the foam resin plate member. It is characterized by.
According to 5th invention, the fall of the heat insulation performance by the part of an upper clearance can be prevented.

A sixth invention is the first invention or the second invention, wherein an existing load-bearing material (for example, a brace) is formed on the plurality of structural members having the first space portion, and is used together with the foamed resin plate-like member. Is done.
Existing load-bearing materials (for example, braces) exhibit strength in a range of up to 1/15 radians, and foamed resin plate members exhibit strength in a range of 1/15 radians to 1/8 radians. It is characterized by exhibiting proof stress.
According to the sixth invention, since the existing load-bearing material and the foamed resin plate-like member are used in combination, the existing load-bearing material cannot reach its proof strength, or the proof strength is reduced and approaching the collapse of the wooden building. By supplementing the range with the compressive force of the side surface of the foamed resin plate member, the collapse of the wooden building can be further delayed.

According to this invention, even if it receives a strong horizontal force such as a large earthquake, since the foamed resin plate-like member is a padding (or cushion) in the space portion, a tenacious load-bearing structure that does not break at a stretch is obtained. It is possible to obtain a load-bearing structure of a wooden building that can avoid a decrease in the load-bearing strength due to buckling.
Moreover, the load-bearing structure of a wooden building can be obtained that does not require a great deal of time and labor for the mounting work and can exhibit the required strength and heat insulation at low cost.

It is an elevation for demonstrating the principle of the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of this invention. As a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/15 rad when the inter-column is inserted between a pair of columns. It is an elevation for explaining. As a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/10 rad when the inter-column is inserted between a pair of columns. It is an elevation for explaining. As a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/8 rad when the inter-column is inserted between a pair of columns. It is an elevation for explaining. It is an elevation perspective view for demonstrating the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is a partial top view of the wooden building of the example shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows an example of the wooden building which employ | adopted the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is an external appearance perspective view of the wooden building in the example of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is an elevation view of the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is an elevation view of the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the further another Example of this invention. It is an elevation view of a part of a conventional wooden building. It is an elevation view which shows the state which inserted the foamed resin plate-shaped member in the space part enclosed with the structural member of the wooden building used as the background of this invention.

(Description of the principle of the present invention)
FIG. 1 is an elevational view for explaining the principle of the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to the present invention. In particular, FIG. 1 (a) shows the load-bearing structure without applying a horizontal force, and FIG. Shows a state where a strong horizontal force is applied.
The wooden building 10 of the present invention (see FIGS. 7 and 8 to be described later in detail) is a rectangular or frame-like structural member 13 composed of a pair of pillars 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b. A plurality of combinations are respectively formed in the row direction of the building (lateral direction or “X direction” when viewed from the plane of the building) and the stretch direction (depth direction or “Y direction” when viewed from the plane).
A foamed resin plate member 21 is fitted into the space 14 surrounded by the structural member 13. The foamed resin plate member 21 is made of a material having a large compressive strength in the width direction and an elastic force that does not break or break at a stretch even when a large force is applied from the width direction (or horizontal direction), for example, An extruded polystyrene foam or the like is used.

The foamed resin plate-like member 21 is selected so that the width D in the short side direction is shorter than the distance W between the pair of columns 11a and 11b by a first length (or gap; also referred to as side clearance) t3. The length L (height) in the long side direction is selected to be shorter than the distance H between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b by the second length (or upper clearance) t4. That is, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is selected such that the width is D (D = W−t3) and the longitudinal length is L (L = H−t4−t1), so that the upper side is the horizontal member 12a, It is formed in parallel with 12b, and an upper clearance is ensured uniformly over the entire upper side.
Here, the width D of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is slightly smaller than the width W of the space portion 14 so as to facilitate the fitting operation when the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into the space portion 14. Even when the distance between the pair of pillars 11a and 11b is reduced to w1 when a force is applied to the structural member 13, it is selected so as to have a gap t3 that does not immediately apply as a compressive force (D = W−t3). . This gap t3 is the width direction in the range from when the inclination of the pair of pillars 11a and 11b exceeds 1/15 radians (hereinafter referred to as abbreviated symbol “rad”) corresponding to the wall magnification 1, to 1/8 rad. The first length, such as about 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, can be selected. This gap t3 is a side clearance.

Further, the gap (or the second length) t4 in the height direction is twice as long as t2 shown in the right diagram of FIG. 13 (that is, the length of (t2) × 2).
Here, in the gap t4, the upper side of the foamed resin plate member 21 is apparently pushed up within a range of 1/8 rad from when the inclination of the pair of pillars 11a, 11b exceeds 1/15 rad corresponding to the wall magnification 1. It is the length (actually compressed) and the upper clearance.
In other words, the foamed resin plate member 21 has a planar shape of width D × height L, but the width D is only the first length t3 (side clearance) than the width W of the pair of columns 11a and 11b. The height L becomes a length (L = H−t4) obtained by subtracting the second length t4 from the height H of the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b. Therefore, from the length t4 × width D to the area (W × H) of the space 13 surrounded by the pair of horizontal members 12a, 12b (height H) and the pair of pillars 11a, 11b (width W). Thus, an upper clearance having an area (planar shape) substantially equivalent to that of forming the cutout portion 21a having the shape as described above is secured.
This notch portion 21a has an upper clearance, which is important for avoiding the upper horizontal member 12b from pushing down the foamed resin plate member 21 and causing buckling when receiving a large horizontal force due to an earthquake or the like. Become.
The first length t3 of the side clearance and the second length t4 of the upper clearance are 1 / of the inter-layer displacement angle (δ / H) when the pair of pillars 11a and 11b are inclined by receiving a large horizontal force. It is selected so as to have a deformation dimension (a narrowing dimension) from 15 rad to 1/8 rad. The method of selecting the optimum values of the first length (side clearance) t3 and the second length (upper clearance) t4 is based on the experiment results and calculation results by the inventors of the present application, as shown in FIGS. 4 and determined in detail with reference to FIG.

Example 1
FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance according to the interlayer deformation angle when the inter-column 17 is inserted between a pair of columns as a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. In particular, FIG. 2 shows the case where the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/15 rad, FIG. 3 shows the case where the interlayer deformation angle is 1/10 rad, and FIG. 4 shows the case where the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/8 rad. 2 to 4 show the state before the horizontal force is applied, and the right diagram shows the state after the horizontal force is applied.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, an inter-column 17 is added between a pair of columns 11 a and 11 b in order to attach an exterior material and / or an interior material (not shown) according to a general wooden building. Then, an example in which the space (W) between the pillars 11a and 11b is 805 mm and the spacer 17 is 30 mm wide will be described. In this case, the interval between the column 11a and the inter-column 17 and the interval between the column 11b and the inter-column 17 are 387.5 mm. The width of the foamed resin plate member 21 is 387.5 mm-t3. Two foamed resin plate-like members 21 selected under such conditions are prepared and fitted between the columns 11a and the inter-columns 17 and between the columns 11b and the inter-columns 17, respectively.

  Next, a case where the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is changed to 1/15 rad will be described with reference to FIG. The interval between the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the intermediate pillar 17 changes from 387.5 mm in a state where no horizontal force is applied to 386.5 mm, and becomes 1.0 mm narrower. At this time, the horizontal displacement δ is 182 mm, the upper clearance is 26 mm, and the side clearance (t3) is selected to be 1.0 mm. In this case, if the upper clearance is selected to be 26 mm or more, there is no possibility of causing buckling.

  Referring to FIG. 3, when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/10 rad, the distance between column 11 a (or column 11 b) and intermediate column 17 is 387.5 mm to 385. It changes to 2mm and becomes 2.3mm narrower. At this time, the horizontal displacement δ is 273 mm, the upper clearance is 40 mm, and the side clearance is 2.3 mm. In this case, it was confirmed that buckling does not occur if the upper clearance is selected to be 40 mm or more.

  Referring to FIG. 4, when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/8 rad, the distance between the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the spacer 17 is changed from 387.5 mm to 384 mm, and is narrowed by 3.5 mm. Become. At this time, the horizontal displacement δ is 341.3 mm, the upper clearance is 48 mm, and the side clearance is 3.5 mm. In this case, it was confirmed that buckling does not occur if the upper clearance is selected to be 48 mm or more.

Based on the above experimental results and calculation results, if the side clearance is selected from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm and the upper clearance is selected from 25 mm to 50 mm, it is strong enough to produce an inclination of 1/15 rad to 1/8 rad. Even if a horizontal force is received, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 does not buckle, and the compressive force in the width direction by the columns 11a (or the columns 11b) and the inter-columns 17 is received on both side surfaces to disperse the compressive force. By doing so, it can be avoided that the wooden building collapses at once.
By the way, in an actual wooden building, it is necessary to select the upper clearance at the design stage, so the upper clearance should be selected to be more than the value (48mm) in the case of 1/8 rad with the largest column inclination. In this case, even if the inclination of the column is smaller than 1/10 rad or 1/15 rad, it is covered as a range in which buckling does not occur.
However, if the upper clearance is selected to be larger than necessary, the area of the side surface of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is reduced due to the reason described with reference to the following formulas (1) to (4). Since the force P that can resist the deformation of the column becomes small, it is desirable to select an appropriate value.

The side clearance is t3 = 1.0 mm when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) in FIG. 2 is changed to 1/15 rad, regardless of the problem of adverse effects due to buckling. Even if it is selected within the range of 5 mm to 1.7 mm, the wall strength will be exhibited from the stage of small inclination angle (or early stage) that exhibits the compressive strength in the width direction of the foamed resin plate-like member 21, so 1.0 mm There is no problem even if you choose a smaller range.
In practice, even if buckling occurs, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 has a sufficient margin until it protrudes from the space (the respective surfaces of the pillar 11a or the pillar 11b and the intermediate pillar 17). There is no problem even if the minimum value of 25 mm is selected.

2 to 4, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 formed with the notch portion 21 a and the side clearance serving as the upper clearance has play due to the side clearance even when the horizontal force is gradually increased. When it turns to the right and the horizontal force further increases and t3 becomes larger than the side clearance, both side surfaces are in close contact with the column 11a (or column 11b) and the inter-column 17 to receive compressive force on both sides. Acts as a bearing wall.
When the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17 are further inclined and a horizontal force (1/15 rad) is applied so that the horizontal displacement is δ = 182 mm, the interval between the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17 is applied. Is reduced by 1.0 mm, and the compressive force of the columns 11a (or columns 11b) and the inter-columns 17 is received on the entire surface of each side surface of the foamed resin plate member 21, thereby exerting wall strength.
However, the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 has an elastic force and is damaged because the compressive strength in the width direction received at the side surface is larger than the compressive force received from the pair of columns 11a (or columns 11b) and the inter-columns 17. No wall strength is maintained. At this time, since the upper clearance is provided, the compressive force in the height direction of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 does not increase to such an extent that it buckles and does not buckle.

Even if the horizontal force increases, the inclination of the pillar 11a (pillar 11b) and the intermediate pillar 17 exceeds 1/15 rad, the horizontal displacement becomes 1/10 rad reaching δ = 273 mm, and the upper clearance becomes t4 = 40 mm. The foamed resin plate-like member 21 receives a strong compressive force from the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17 in a state where both side surfaces of the foamed resin plate member 21 are in close contact with the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17. Therefore, even if a compression force exceeding the upper clearance is received from the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b in the vertical direction, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is reduced in the vertical direction, and the wall strength is exhibited without causing buckling. to continue.
As the horizontal force further increases, the inclination of the pillar 11a (or pillar 11b) and the intermediate pillar 17 exceeds 1/10 rad, the horizontal displacement becomes 1/8 rad reaching δ = 341.3 mm, and the upper clearance is t4 = 48 mm. Even when the both sides of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 are in close contact with the column 11a (or column 11b) and the inter-column 17, the column 11a (or column 11b) and the inter-column 17 receive a strong compressive force. Therefore, even if a compressive force exceeding the upper clearance is applied vertically from the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 simply shrinks up and down and exhibits wall strength without causing buckling. to continue.

In the range where the inclination of the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the inter-column 17 is up to 1/8 rad, the foamed resin plate member 21 exhibits a wall bearing capacity that is greater than that of existing bearing walls such as earth walls, braces and plywood. Can prevent the collapse of wooden buildings.
In addition, when the strong horizontal force in which the inclination of the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the spacer 17 exceeds 1/8 rad is applied, in addition to the vertical compressive force by the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, the horizontal member 12b The upper load is applied as a large downward force. For this reason, the structural member 13 cannot withstand and the wooden building starts to collapse.

  For the reasons described above, in the present invention, the range of the upper clearance is selected so that the column 11a (or the column 11b) and the inter-column 17 have an inclination corresponding to the range of 1/15 rad to 1/8 rad. It is a thing.

  In Example 1 described above, the dimension between the horizontal members 12a and 12b is 2730 mm as an example of the floor height of a wooden building. However, in a wooden building having a different floor height, the values of the upper clearance and the side clearance are different. Needless to say, it changes in relation to the floor height.

Next, in the example of FIG. 3 of Example 1, the proof stress when the inclination of the column 11a (or 11b) and the inter-column 17 is 1/10 rad is examined.
The existing load bearing wall has a wall magnification of 1 when the horizontal force is 1.96 kN. The distance between the horizontal member 12a and the horizontal member 12b (height H) is set to 273 cm, and the interval W between the column 11a and the intermediate column 17 (or the column 11b and the intermediate column 17) is set to 38.75 cm.
Then, assuming that the thickness of the foamed resin plate member 21 is 6.5 cm, the compressive strength of the side surface is 11 N / cm ² , the short-term allowable stress is 2/3, and the reduction factor is 0.75, the short-term The allowable shear strength Pa can be expressed by the formula (1).
Pa = 11 N / cm ² × 2/3 × 0.75 = 5.49 N / cm ² (1)
Here, as the foamed plastic foam of the foamed resin plate member 21 having a compressive strength of 11 N / cm ² or more, there is an extruded polystyrene foam. In this extruded polystyrene foam, the side surface compressive strength is reduced from the plane compressive strength due to the manufacturing method, and therefore, the above formula (1) is set to 11 N / cm ² .
The force P with which the foamed resin plate-like member 21 can resist the deformation of the column is expressed by the formula (2).
P = 269 cm × 6.5 cm × 5.49 N / cm ²
= 9599N ≒ 9.59kN (2)
9.59 kN / 1.96 kN = 4.89
This is about 5 times stronger.
For the foamed resin plate-like member 21, specifically, an extruded polystyrene foam is known as a foamed plastic foam having a compressive strength of 11 N / cm ² (about 1 kgf / cm ² ) or more.
Of course, an extruded polystyrene foam having the same compressive strength (type A extruded polystyrene foam 3 types) may be used.

And since the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 is the stuffing (or cushion) of the space portion 14, it receives a horizontal force that is said to collapse (exceeding 1/8 rad) of an existing wooden building. Even so, time can be secured before the wooden building collapses, and the possibility that the resident can escape is increased.
Moreover, since the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 uses the extrusion method polystyrene foam used as a heat insulating material, it can serve also as filling heat insulation (or internal heat insulation), has high heat insulation performance, and can save energy.

(Modification of Example 1)
By the way, in the example of the paragraph number [0041] described above, as an example of a specific material of the foamed resin plate-like member 21, the case of the extruded polystyrene foam has been described. Foamed plastic foams made of other materials of 5 N / cm ² or more can also be used.
For example, as other foamed plastic foams, bead method polystyrene foam, rigid urethane foam, polyethylene foam, phenol foam and the like can be used.
Hereinafter, as an example of another material of the foamed resin plate-like member 21, it will be considered how much proof strength it has when using a beaded polystyrene foam.

The foamed resin plate-like member 21 using the beaded polystyrene foam has a thickness of 6.5 cm, a side compression strength of 5 N / cm ² , a short-term allowable stress level of 2/3, and a reduction factor of 0.75. Assuming that the short-term allowable shear strength Pa can be expressed by equation (3).
Pa = 5 N / cm ² × 2/3 × 0.75 = 2.49 N / cm ² (3)
The force P that the foamed resin plate-like member 21 can resist the deformation of the column is expressed by the following expression (4).
P = 269 cm × 6.5 cm × 2.49 N / cm ²
= 4353N ≒ 4.35kN (4)
4.35 kN / 1.96 kN = 2.21
This is about twice as strong.

  Therefore, even if it is the foamed resin plate-like member 21 made of the bead-method polystyrene foam, it is a padding (or cushion) of the space portion 14, so that it receives a horizontal force to the extent that the wooden building collapses. It can also be seen that it can be proof.

As an example of a foamed plastic foam satisfying the short-term allowable shear strength Pa of the above formulas (1) and (3) (commercially available product), the types and compressive strengths for each type are shown below. Shown in the table.

(Example 2)
FIG. 5 is an elevational perspective view for explaining the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment to which the principle of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is applied. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the wooden building according to the embodiment shown in FIG. It is a top view.
In the example of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a case where the inter-column 17 is not inserted between the pair of columns 11 a and 11 b is shown.
Next, with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of Example 2 will be described.

  The wooden building 10 includes a pair of pillars 11 (11 is a general term for pillars, and 11a and 11b are used to distinguish the pillars according to the arrangement positions) and a pair of horizontal members 12 (12 are horizontal This is a generic name for the frame material, and a rectangular or frame-shaped structural member 13 (13 is a general name for the structural member, and is arranged for each of the horizontal members depending on the arrangement position, indicated by 12a and 12b). When distinguishing structural members according to position, the direction of the building is indicated by 13a and 13b (the horizontal direction or “X direction” when viewed from the plane of the building) and the span direction (the depth direction when viewed from the plane) “Y direction”) are combined in combination.

5 and 6 show examples of two structural members 13a and 13b in one direction (for example, the X direction) and one structural member 13n in the other direction (Y direction). However, in FIG. 5, the structural member 13n in the Y direction is omitted for simplification of drawing.
More specifically, one structural member 13a is composed of a pair of columns 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, and the pair of columns 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members. It has a space portion 14a surrounded by four sides of the materials 12a and 12b. The structural member 13b is composed of a pair of pillars 11b and 11c and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b. The pair of pillars 11b and 11c and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b are four. It has the space part 14b enclosed by the edge | side.
In this case, in the adjacent structural member 13a and structural member 13b, the column 13b and the horizontal members 12a and 12b are common.
Further, in the direction orthogonal to the structural member 13a (Y direction), the structural member 13n is provided adjacent to the column 11a. The structural member 13n includes a pair of pillars 11a and 11n and a pair of horizontal members 12n and 12m, and is surrounded by the four sides of the pair of pillars 11a and 11n and the pair of horizontal members 12n and 12m. It has a space portion 14n.

  The horizontal member 12a is horizontally placed on a cloth foundation (or concrete foundation) 15, fixed to the cloth foundation 15, and serves as a foundation. In other words, in the case of the first floor of the wooden building 10, the horizontal member 12a is a base, the horizontal member 12b is a beam, and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b are formed of a base and a beam. . Further, in the case of the second floor (or two or more floors) of the wooden building 10, the horizontal member 12a is a beam on the first floor, and the horizontal member 12b is a beam on the second floor. That is, the base 12a and the beam 12b placed or installed in the horizontal direction are collectively referred to as a horizontal member 12.

5 and 6 show an example of a structural material in which the structural members 13a and 13b require a proof wall (bearing wall).
In this embodiment, a foamed resin plate member 21 having a predetermined compressive strength is prepared.
In addition, although the spacer 17 may be put between a pair of pillars 11a and 11b, the Example at the time of putting the spacer 17 is as above-mentioned in FIGS. Even in this case, the left and right side portions of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 are received by the pair of columns 11a and the inter-columns 17, and the inter-columns 17 and the columns 11b.

The foamed resin plate-like member 21 is made of a material having a large compressive strength in the width direction and an elastic force that does not break or break at once even when a large force is applied from the width direction (or horizontal direction), such as an extrusion method. Polystyrene foam or the like is used.
The foamed resin plate-like member 21 has a short side width d that is shorter by t3 (0.5 to 3.5 mm) than the distance W between the pair of columns 11a and 11b, and has a length in the long side direction. (Height) H is selected to be shorter by t4 (25 to 50 mm) than the distance between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b.
The compressive strength of the foamed resin plate member 21 is selected so that the compressive force on the side surface in the short side direction is 5 Newton / square centimeter or more.
Thus, when the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into the structural member 13a surrounded by the pair of columns 11a and 11b and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, it is slightly smaller and higher than the width of the space portion 14a. Since a large gap (upper clearance) is secured in the direction, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is seated in addition to the fact that the work of fitting the foamed resin plate-like member 21 can be performed more easily and quickly than in the case of the same dimensions. There is an advantage of avoiding bending.

Example 3
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example in which a foamed resin plate-like member 21 that is proof and an opening (such as a window or a door) that is not proof is arranged in a proof structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an external perspective view of the wooden building in the example of FIG.
In the example of FIGS. 7 and 8, there are a plurality of structural members 13 in the lateral direction (X direction) and the depth direction (Y direction), respectively, and the plurality of structural members 13 are arranged on both outer sides (left and right outer sides) in the X direction. In addition, a plurality of structural members 13 are arranged on both outer sides (upper and lower outer sides) in the Y direction, and a window 16 or an inlet is formed in the other part, or a member that does not require strength (insulation material without strength) Of glass wool) is arranged.
Also in this case, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is, as described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, 1/15 rad, 1/10 rad of the inclination of the pair of columns 11 when a horizontal force is applied. The upper clearance (t4) and the side clearance (t3) are selected so as to satisfy the condition of 1/8 rad.
And the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 is engage | inserted by the part which is the space part 14 corresponding to the structural member 13, and requires proof stress. The upper clearance portion of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is filled with a heat insulating material having no proof stress, such as glass wool 19.
It should be noted that the portion that does not require proof stress includes a heat insulating material other than the foamed resin plate member 21 (for example, glass wool; however, glass wool in this case is different from 19 in FIG. Or a window 16 or an opening such as a doorway.

(Example 4)
FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention, and shows a case where the foamed resin plate member 21 and the brace are used together.
In this embodiment, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 9A and the elevation view of FIG. 9B, a pair of columns 11 a and 11 b are fastened by a brace 18, and a space portion excluding the brace 18 The foamed resin plate member 21 is fitted into 14a. For example, when a pair of pillars 11a and 11b are 10.5 cm square bars, and the thickness is 3 cm, the pillars can be used together with the foamed resin plate member 21 (6.5 cm or less). 11a and 11b, and the foamed resin plate member 21 does not protrude from the surfaces of the columns 11a and 11b.
If the foamed resin plate-like member 21 and the brace 18 are used in combination, there is an advantage that the compressive strength can be increased to the same extent as when both materials are synthesized.
In addition, since the foamed resin plate-like member 21 has a compressive strength as in the formula (1) or (3), even if it receives a horizontal force due to a large earthquake, the horizontal force is the foamed resin plate-like member 21. And distributed by the brace 18. That is, a part of the horizontal force is dispersed while being absorbed by the elastic foamed resin plate-like member 21, and the entire horizontal force is prevented from being applied to the brace 18. Can be delayed or prevented.
According to this embodiment, the existing load-bearing material (for example, the brace 18) exhibits the yield strength in the range of 1/15 rad, and the foamed resin plate member 21 exhibits the yield strength in the range of 1/15 rad to 1/8 rad. By doing so, there is an advantage that the proof stress can be exhibited in a wide range.
That is, since the existing load-bearing material and the foamed resin plate member 21 are used in combination, the existing load-bearing material cannot exhibit its proof strength, or the range in which the proof strength is reduced to approach the collapse of a wooden building (1/15 rad This is a range of up to 1/8 rad) with the compressive force of the side surface of the foamed resin plate member. Collapse can be greatly delayed. This is because the foamed resin plate-like member does not cause a decrease in the yield strength due to buckling, compared with the case where a conventional building heat insulation is combined with a conventional wooden structure including a brace 18 that is a strength material. Yield strength can be exhibited in a wide range from 15 rad to 1/8 rad, and an effect not found in conventional filled heat insulation can be exhibited.

(Example 5)
FIG. 10 is an elevational view of a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention, and particularly shows an example in which the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member has a mountain shape.
This embodiment is different from the principle diagram of FIG. 1 in that the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member 22 has a mountain shape. Specifically, the foamed resin plate-like member 22 of this embodiment is formed in a mountain shape whose upper side has a downward inclined portion from the center portion in the width direction toward both side surfaces. That is, the left inclined portion 22a and the right inclined portion 22b are formed on the upper side, and the upper clearance (t4) is secured so as to be the maximum value at the second left and right end portions. The apex of the mountain at the center in the width direction has the smallest value of the upper clearance, but it is sufficient to secure at least the length t1.
Thus, if the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member 22 is formed in a mountain shape, the area of the portion filled with the glass wool 19 is smaller than that of the example of FIG. 1 and is smaller than the foamed resin plate-like member 21 of FIGS. There is an advantage that the heat insulation defect portion can be reduced. This can further enhance the heat insulation performance of the entire building when the heat insulation performance of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is higher than that of the glass wool 19.

(Example 6)
FIG. 11 is an elevation view of a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and particularly shows an example in which the upper side of the foamed resin plate member is trapezoidal.
This embodiment differs from the principle diagram of FIG. 1 in that the upper side of the foamed resin plate member 23 is trapezoidal. Specifically, the foamed resin plate-like member 23 of this embodiment has an upper side parallel to the horizontal member 12b at the central portion 23a in the width direction, and extends from both ends of the parallel central portion 23a toward both sides. And is formed in a trapezoidal shape having downwardly inclined portions 23b and 23c. It is sufficient to secure at least the length t1 as the upper clearance at the apex of the parallel portion at the center.
Thus, if the upper side of the foamed resin plate member 23 is trapezoidal, the area of the portion filled with the glass wool 19 can be smaller than in the example of FIG.

  The present invention can be used for a wooden building as a load-bearing structure for a wooden building, and has high industrial applicability.

10: Load-bearing structure of wooden building 11, 11a, 11b: Pillar 12, 12a, 12b: Horizontal member 13: Structural member 14: Space part 15: Fabric foundation 16: Window 17; Space pillar 18; Brace 19; Glass wool 21 , 22, 23: Foamed resin plate member 21a;

  The present invention relates to a load-bearing structure of a wooden building, and more particularly to a load-bearing structure of a wooden building that has both a wall load-bearing structure and heat insulation performance, for example.

FIG. 12 is an elevation view of a part of a conventional wooden building, showing a case of normal (left) and a case of deformation due to horizontal force due to an earthquake (right).
A wooden building has a rectangular structural member 3 composed of a pair of pillars 1a, 1b and a pair of horizontal members 2a, 2b, arranged in the row direction of the building (lateral direction as seen from the plane of the building) and the tension direction (building In the depth direction or the vertical direction when viewed from the plane, the structure material is combined in each direction.
And if a wooden building does not have a necessary or sufficient load-bearing wall such as a wall or a brace in the space 4 of the rectangular structural member 3 composed of the pillars 1a and 1b and the horizontal members 2a and 2b, the horizontal force is normal. There is no problem because (or horizontal load) is not applied, but there is a risk that the building will collapse if a horizontal force exceeding a certain value is applied due to the occurrence of an earthquake or typhoon.

In order to prevent the building from collapsing when receiving a large force (horizontal force) such as an earthquake or a typhoon, a wooden building requires a load-bearing structure as a load-bearing wall.
The seismic design of wooden buildings in Japan is based on the Great Kanto Earthquake, which assumes that buildings will not be damaged by medium-scale earthquakes with a seismic intensity of 5 or so. However, it is based on the idea that even if there is some damage, it will not collapse or collapse and protect human life.
Also, in the case of typhoons and snow cover, materials and wall amounts are determined based on this concept.
The conventional load-bearing structure of wooden buildings was evaluated only by rigidity, but with the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, tenacity toughness has been considered.

According to the Building Standard Law, in a building where the walls, pillars, and horizontal members, which are the main parts in terms of structural strength, are wooden, each floor is designed to be safe against horizontal forces (or horizontal loads) in all directions. the tight between the direction and the digit row direction, and a framing containing the like have a provided or muscle wall respectively stipulates that must balance well placed.

Conventionally, struts, plywood, earth walls, penetrations, and the like are known as wall strength structures of wooden buildings. Plywood and earth walls are proof in terms of surface.
As these load-bearing structures, any of the following structures is adopted for columns and beams or foundations (hereinafter, beams and foundations are collectively referred to as “horizontal members”). In other words, the brace is fixed (or tightened) at both ends by nailing, etc., the plywood is fixed at four intervals by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members at predetermined intervals, and the through holes are fixed to the pair of columns. Ru is.

If these existing load-bearing structures exceed a certain load due to an earthquake or the like, they will break and lose their load-bearing capacity, and the wooden building will collapse. Specifically, the distance between the pair of horizontal members and H, if the horizontal displacements due to the pair of column tilt when subjected to horizontal forces and [delta], an interlayer deformation that represents the angle by the inclination of the pair of column The angle is represented by δ / H (unit: radians, abbreviation “rad”). When this interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) significantly exceeds 1/15 rad (for example, exceeds 1/8 rad), an upper load or the like is also applied, so that the wooden building starts to collapse.
Therefore, the wooden building is required to have a tenacious strength without collapsing after deformation. In other words, a wooden building having a tenacious load-bearing structure is unlikely to cause the building to collapse at a stretch, and can contribute to increasing the survival rate of residents in the event of a disaster. Therefore, the wooden building is required to have a tenacious load-bearing structure.

On the other hand, in the wooden building, in order to save energy, all outer wall surfaces are provided with heat insulating materials. As the heat insulating material, a foamed resin heat insulating material (specifically, an extruded polystyrene heat insulating material; generally abbreviated as “XPS”), a glass fiber heat insulating material (glass wool), or the like is used.
Conventionally, an extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material (XPS) is used only as a heat insulating material or a heat insulating material, and is hardly used as a structural material of a wooden building.

There exists patent document 1 as a prior art which used the extrusion method polystyrene foam heat insulating material as a structural material.
In Patent Document 1, instead of a brace, a reinforcing structure 1 composed of a band portion 4, a fixed hardware 5 and a length adjusting means 6 is fixed to two structural members (columns and beams) 8 and 9, and a reinforcing member The reinforcement structure of the wooden building which attached 3 is disclosed. The reinforcing member 3 is fixedly attached to the corners of the structural members 8 and 9 such as columns and beams, and includes a small triangular synthetic resin foam 14. As a material for the synthetic resin foam 14, an extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material is used.
That is, Patent Document 1 is a technique in which a reinforcing structure 1 is provided as a main load-bearing structural material, and a reinforcing member 3 is provided as a structural material to be followed for attenuation of compressive force.

JP 2007-40045 (FIGS. 1 to 5)

Any of the conventional seismic structures such as braces, plywood, or earth walls have a problem of breaking or losing their strength when they are subjected to a horizontal force (or horizontal load) exceeding a certain level, such as a large earthquake, causing the building to collapse. .
For example, a load bearing wall structure using plywood is a structure in which plywood is nailed at a predetermined interval with respect to a column, and is simply stopped by a nail, so that the nail strength becomes the wall strength. Therefore, when a horizontal force exceeding a certain strength such as a large earthquake is applied, the nails near the four corners are pulled out and damaged, and the nail removal at the peripheral portions gradually expands, and the proof strength of the plywood is eventually greatly reduced. .
In addition, when a horizontal force exceeding a certain strength, such as a large earthquake, is applied to the brace, the screws of the part that is screwed to the column and beam brackets come off the column and beam, and the strength of the brace Will drop significantly.
If the strength of plywood and braces is greatly reduced, wooden buildings can collapse at once, causing serious harm to the lives of residents.
Therefore, a wooden building is required to have a tenacious load-bearing structure.

  In Patent Document 1, since the reinforcing structure 1 and the reinforcing member 3 are attached, a great amount of time and labor are required for the attaching operation, and the cost becomes high. Further, even if the reinforcing member 3 attenuates the compressive force, in the event of a large earthquake, the reinforcing member 3 is broken so as to widen the hole of the synthetic resin foam 14 through which the fastener penetrates, or the screw to which the fastener is attached. -Since a bolt comes off from a structural material, the compression force made into the main use purpose of the synthetic resin foam 14 may not be exhibited.

In the performance evaluation test of a wooden bearing wall based on the Building Standards Act, an upper horizontal member (beam) is placed in an opening (for example, height 2730 mm × width 910 mm or 1820 mm) surrounded by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members. Applying a horizontal force from the horizontal direction of the above, or until the structural material such as braces and plywood can not function as a structural material, or until the interlayer deformation angle of the test body reaches 1/15 rad or more, It is tested that there is a strength that satisfies the safety factor of the Building standards Law.

(Background technology)
The inventor of the present application pays attention to the fact that a foamed resin plate-like member such as XPS has a large proof stress with respect to a direction parallel to the width direction (that is, a plane), and uses the foamed resin plate-like member as a load-bearing structural material. Then, after carrying out research for putting the foamed resin plate-shaped member into practical use as a structural material and conducting various experiments, the following problems were found.
FIG. 13 is an elevational view for explaining the background art of the present invention, and particularly shows a state in which a foamed resin plate-like member is fitted in a space portion surrounded by a structural member of a wooden building. In addition, the wooden building shown in FIG. 13 is also an internal heat insulation (filling heat insulation) structure using the foamed resin plate-like member 5 as a heat insulating material.
In Fig 12, the pair of column 1a, 1b and a pair of horizontal members 2a, structural material 3 consisting 2b has a space 4. In this space portion 4, the same foamed resin plate-like member 5 as that used as a heat insulating material is fitted. The foamed resin plate-like member 5 fitted in the space 4 has a planar shape that is substantially the same as or slightly smaller (for example, several mm) than the planar shape (or the elevational shape) of the space portion 4. Is the same material as used, and is selected for optimal compressive strength.
Here, in the case where the foamed resin plate-like member 5 is used only as a heat insulating material, the planar shape of the foamed resin plate-like member 5 is exactly the same as the planar shape of the space portion 4 in order to enhance the heat insulation performance as much as possible. preferable. However, in practice, if the dimensions are the same, the fitting operation is not easy, so the fitting operation cannot be performed efficiently, and a slightly smaller (for example, several mm) planar shape may be selected. If the planar shape of the foamed resin plate-like member 5 is made slightly smaller than the planar shape of the space portion 4, a slight gap is generated in each of the height direction and the width direction. Although it is preferable not to ensure high heat insulation performance, this gap is unavoidably provided in construction in order to facilitate the fitting operation of the foamed resin plate member 5.

In this state, as shown in the right diagram of FIG. 13, when a rightward horizontal force is gradually applied to the upper horizontal member 2b, the pair of pillars 1a and 1b are gradually inclined and the space portion 4 is deformed. As the pair of pillars 1a and 1b are inclined, the upper horizontal member (beam) 2b gradually descends, and the space 4 is deformed into a rhombus.
At this time, since the pair of pillars 1a and 1b are horizontally displaced by the length δ, the upper horizontal member 2b moves downward by the length t1 as compared with the state before the horizontal force is applied, and the foamed resin plate member One side of the upper side of 5 (the upper left corner in the figure when a horizontal force is applied from the left to the right) is apparently pushed up (substantially compressed) by the length t2. At the same time, the other side of the lower side of the foamed resin plate-like member 5 (the lower right corner in the figure when a horizontal force is applied from the left to the right) is apparently pushed down by the length t2 (substantially compressed). ) State. Therefore, a strong force is applied to the foamed resin plate member 5 from the top and bottom in the height direction. However, since the height H is many times larger than the width W, the strong force for bending the foam resin plate member 5 is It is added to the direction (or the diagonal direction of the foamed resin plate-like member 5).
In addition, when a leftward horizontal force is applied, the force applied to the corners of the foamed resin plate member 5 is reversed left and right on the upper side and the lower side.
In addition, the width between the pair of pillars 1a and 1b is narrower when a horizontal force is applied than when no horizontal force is applied (w1 = W−x, where x is the length of the narrowing). I also found out that
That is, when a strong horizontal force is applied, the foamed resin plate-like member 5 tilts (rotates) obliquely with both side surfaces in contact with the inside of the pair of pillars 1a and 1b. The hatched portion on one side (upper left corner in the figure) is pushed down (compressed) with a strong force by the horizontal member 2b, and the other side (lower right corner in the figure) on the lower side is pushed up with a strong force by the horizontal member 2a. It is done. As a result, the foamed resin plate-like member 5 receives a strong compressive force in the vertical direction, buckles at the center portion in the height direction, and curves. When the buckling occurs, the foamed resin plate-like member 5 exhibits sufficient proof stress because the both side surfaces in contact with the pair of columns 1a and 1b cannot secure a sufficient contact area with the columns 1a and 1b. It will come off from the space part 4 before.
Due to such a phenomenon, it has been found that when a foamed resin plate member is used as a structural material of a wooden building, it is necessary to prevent a decrease in yield strength due to buckling. (In other words, separation of the foamed resin sheet-like member) decrease small yield strength due to buckling of the foamed resin plate-like member if prevented or avoided, foamed resin plate-like member has been found to be much used as a load-bearing structural material.

  Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a wooden structure that has a tenacious load-bearing structure and is capable of avoiding a decrease in yield strength due to buckling without being damaged at a stretch even under a strong horizontal load such as a large earthquake. It is to provide a load bearing structure.

  Another object of the present invention is that a wooden building is formed by an existing load-bearing material while the horizontal force is within a predetermined range, and by a load strength of the foamed resin plate member when a larger horizontal force that cannot be covered by the existing load-bearing material is applied. It is to provide a load-bearing structure for a wooden building that can avoid collapse at a stretch.

1st invention is a wooden building comprised combining the structural member which has the space part enclosed by a pair of pillar and a pair of horizontal member, Comprising: A several foamed resin plate-shaped member is provided.
The plurality of foamed resin plate-like members are respectively fitted into the space portions corresponding to the structural members without being fixed to the respective structural members.
This foamed resin plate-like member is a foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more on the side surface in the width direction, and the width of the elevational shape is a first length than the width of the space portion. By being selected to be smaller by 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, the portion having the first length becomes the side clearance when it is fitted into the space and a horizontal force cannot be applied.
In addition, when a horizontal force is applied, the foamed resin plate-like member exhibits strength in a range of 1/8 radians where a wooden building starts to collapse from 1/15 radians, which is not supported by existing bearing walls. As a result, when the pair of columns is inclined and the width thereof is narrowed, the both side surfaces are in close contact with the pair of columns included in the structural member. Works.
In addition, when the foamed resin plate-like member exhibits proof strength in the range of 1/15 radians to 1/8 radians, in order to avoid buckling caused by the upper and lower sides being compressed by a pair of horizontal members. In the state where the notch is not applied with a horizontal force by forming the notch so that the height of the elevation shape is smaller than the height of the space by a second length of 25 mm to 50 mm. It becomes the upper clearance.

  According to 1st invention, even if it receives the strong horizontal load like a big earthquake, since a foamed resin plate-shaped member is a padding (or cushion) of a space part, a wooden building collapses or breaks at a stretch. Therefore, a load-bearing structure for a wooden building that has a tenacity-bearing structure and can avoid a decrease in the yield strength due to buckling can be obtained.

A second aspect of the present invention is a wooden building configured by combining structural members having a space surrounded by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members, and includes a plurality of foamed resin plate members.
The plurality of foamed resin plate-like members are respectively fitted into the space portions corresponding to the structural members without being fixed to the respective structural members.
This foamed resin plate-like member is a foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more by the side surface in the width direction, and the width of the elevational shape is selected to be smaller than the width of the space portion by the side clearance, In addition, the height of the vertical surface shape is selected to be smaller by the upper clearance than the height of the space portion, thereby having side clearance in the width direction with respect to the pair of columns when fitted into the space portion, and a pair of columns. When the is inclined by receiving a horizontal force, a notch is formed so that the upper side and the lower side thereof do not contact the horizontal member.
In addition, the foamed resin plate-like member has a side clearance of 0. 1 so as to exert a proof strength in a range of 1/8 radians where a wooden building starts to collapse from 1/15 radians, which is not supported by existing load-bearing walls. 5 mm to 3.5 mm is selected, and the notch is selected to be 25 mm to 50 mm.
Accordingly, when the pair of pillars are inclined and the width thereof is narrowed by applying a horizontal force, the foamed resin plate-like member is in close contact with the pair of pillars included in the first structural member. Therefore, it receives the compressive force on both side surfaces thereof and acts as a bearing wall.

  According to 2nd invention, even if it receives the strong horizontal load like a big earthquake, a wooden building does not collapse or break at a stretch, it has a tenacious load-bearing structure, and it can avoid the reduction | decrease in the load-bearing force by buckling.

  According to a third invention, in the first invention or the second invention, the shape of the notch is rectangular (or parallelogram), and the upper side is formed in parallel to the horizontal member, A uniform upper clearance is ensured in the width direction in a state where no horizontal force is applied.

  4th invention WHEREIN: In 1st invention or 2nd invention, when the upper side of a foamed resin plate-shaped member is formed in the mountain shape which inclines toward the both sides | surfaces from the center part of the width direction, right-and-left both ends It is characterized by ensuring the upper clearance which becomes the maximum value.

According to a fifth invention, in the first invention or the second invention, the upper clearance above the upper side of the foamed resin plate member is filled with a heat insulating material having no proof strength different from that of the foam resin plate member. It is characterized by.
According to 5th invention, the fall of the heat insulation performance by the part of an upper clearance can be prevented.

A sixth invention is the first invention or the second invention, wherein an existing load-bearing material (for example, a brace) is formed on the plurality of structural members having the first space portion, and is used together with the foamed resin plate-like member. Is done.
Existing load-bearing materials (for example, braces) exhibit strength in a range of up to 1/15 radians, and foamed resin plate members exhibit strength in a range of 1/15 radians to 1/8 radians. It is characterized by exhibiting proof stress.
According to the sixth invention, since the existing load-bearing material and the foamed resin plate-like member are used in combination, the existing load-bearing material cannot reach its proof strength, or the proof strength is reduced and approaching the collapse of the wooden building. By supplementing the range with the compressive force of the side surface of the foamed resin plate member, the collapse of the wooden building can be further delayed.

According to this invention, even if it receives a strong horizontal force such as a large earthquake, since the foamed resin plate-like member is a padding (or cushion) in the space portion, a tenacious load-bearing structure that does not break at a stretch is obtained. It is possible to obtain a load-bearing structure of a wooden building that can avoid a decrease in the load-bearing strength due to buckling.
Moreover, the load-bearing structure of a wooden building can be obtained that does not require a great deal of time and labor for the mounting work and can exhibit the required strength and heat insulation at low cost.

It is an elevation for demonstrating the principle of the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of this invention. As a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/15 rad when the inter-column is inserted between a pair of columns. It is an elevation for explaining. As a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/10 rad when the inter-column is inserted between a pair of columns. It is an elevation for explaining. As a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/8 rad when the inter-column is inserted between a pair of columns. It is an elevation for explaining. It is an elevation perspective view for demonstrating the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is a partial top view of the wooden building of the example shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows an example of the wooden building which employ | adopted the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is an external appearance perspective view of the wooden building in the example of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is an elevation view of the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is an elevation view of the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the further another Example of this invention. It is an elevation view of a part of a conventional wooden building. It is an elevation view which shows the state which inserted the foamed resin plate-shaped member in the space part enclosed with the structural member of the wooden building used as the background of this invention.

(Description of the principle of the present invention)
FIG. 1 is an elevational view for explaining the principle of the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to the present invention. In particular, FIG. 1 (a) shows the load-bearing structure without applying a horizontal force, and FIG. Shows a state where a strong horizontal force is applied.
The wooden building 10 of the present invention (see FIGS. 7 and 8 to be described later in detail) is a rectangular or frame-like structural member 13 composed of a pair of pillars 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b. A plurality of combinations are respectively formed in the row direction of the building (lateral direction or “X direction” when viewed from the plane of the building) and the stretch direction (depth direction or “Y direction” when viewed from the plane).
A foamed resin plate member 21 is fitted into the space 14 surrounded by the structural member 13. The foamed resin plate member 21 is made of a material having a large compressive strength in the width direction and an elastic force that does not break or break at a stretch even when a large force is applied from the width direction (or horizontal direction), for example, An extruded polystyrene foam or the like is used.

The foamed resin plate-like member 21 is selected so that the width D in the short side direction is shorter than the distance W between the pair of columns 11a and 11b by a first length (or gap; also referred to as side clearance) t3. The length L (height) in the long side direction is selected to be shorter than the distance H between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b by the second length (or upper clearance) t4. That is, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is selected such that the width is D (D = W−t3) and the longitudinal length is L (L = H−t4−t1), so that the upper side is the horizontal member 12a, It is formed in parallel with 12b, and an upper clearance is ensured uniformly over the entire upper side.
Here, the width D of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is slightly smaller than the width W of the space portion 14 so as to facilitate the fitting operation when the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into the space portion 14. Even when the distance between the pair of pillars 11a and 11b is reduced to w1 when a force is applied to the structural member 13, it is selected so as to have a gap t3 that does not immediately apply as a compressive force (D = W−t3). . The gap t3 can exert a compressive force in the width direction in a range from when the inclination of the pair of pillars 11a and 11b exceeds 1/15 radians (hereinafter, indicated by abbreviated symbol “rad”) to 1/8 rad. Such a first length, for example, about 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm is selected. This gap t3 is a side clearance.

Further, the gap (or the second length) t4 in the height direction is twice as long as t2 shown in the right diagram of FIG. 13 (that is, a length of (t2) × 2) as compared with FIG. 13 of the conventional example. )
Here, in the gap t4, the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is apparently pushed up in the range of 1/8 rad from when the inclination of the pair of columns 11a, 11b exceeds 1/15 rad (actually compression Length) and upper clearance.
In other words, the foamed resin plate member 21 has a planar shape of width D × height L, but the width D is only the first length t3 (side clearance) than the width W of the pair of columns 11a and 11b. The height L becomes a length (L = H−t4) obtained by subtracting the second length t4 from the height H of the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b. Therefore, from the length t4 × width D to the area (W × H) of the space 14 surrounded by the pair of horizontal members 12a, 12b (height H) and the pair of pillars 11a, 11b (width W). Thus, an upper clearance having an area (planar shape) substantially equivalent to that of forming the cutout portion 21a having the shape as described above is secured.
This notch portion 21a has an upper clearance, which is important for avoiding the upper horizontal member 12b from pushing down the foamed resin plate member 21 and causing buckling when receiving a large horizontal force due to an earthquake or the like. Become.
The first length t3 of the side clearance and the second length t4 of the upper clearance are 1 / of the inter-layer displacement angle (δ / H) when the pair of pillars 11a and 11b are inclined by receiving a large horizontal force. It is selected so as to have a deformation dimension (a narrowing dimension) from 15 rad to 1/8 rad. The method of selecting the optimum values of the first length (side clearance) t3 and the second length (upper clearance) t4 is based on the experiment results and calculation results by the inventors of the present application, as shown in FIGS. 4 and determined in detail with reference to FIG.

Example 1
FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate the relationship between the side clearance and the upper clearance according to the interlayer deformation angle when the inter-column 17 is inserted between a pair of columns as a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. In particular, FIG. 2 shows the case where the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/15 rad, FIG. 3 shows the case where the interlayer deformation angle is 1/10 rad, and FIG. 4 shows the case where the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/8 rad. 2 to 4 show the state before the horizontal force is applied, and the right diagram shows the state after the horizontal force is applied.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, an inter-column 17 is added between a pair of columns 11 a and 11 b in order to attach an exterior material and / or an interior material (not shown) according to a general wooden building. Then, an example in which the space (W) between the pillars 11a and 11b is 805 mm and the spacer 17 is 30 mm wide will be described. In this case, the interval between the column 11a and the inter-column 17 and the interval between the column 11b and the inter-column 17 are 387.5 mm. The width of the foamed resin plate member 21 is 387.5 mm-t3. Two foamed resin plate-like members 21 selected under such conditions are prepared and fitted between the columns 11a and the inter-columns 17 and between the columns 11b and the inter-columns 17, respectively.

  Next, a case where the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is changed to 1/15 rad will be described with reference to FIG. The interval between the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the intermediate pillar 17 changes from 387.5 mm in a state where no horizontal force is applied to 386.5 mm, and becomes 1.0 mm narrower. At this time, the horizontal displacement δ is 182 mm, the upper clearance is 26 mm, and the side clearance (t3) is selected to be 1.0 mm. In this case, if the upper clearance is selected to be 26 mm or more, there is no possibility of causing buckling.

  Referring to FIG. 3, when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/10 rad, the distance between column 11 a (or column 11 b) and intermediate column 17 is 387.5 mm to 385. It changes to 2mm and becomes 2.3mm narrower. At this time, the horizontal displacement δ is 273 mm, the upper clearance is 40 mm, and the side clearance is 2.3 mm. In this case, it was confirmed that buckling does not occur if the upper clearance is selected to be 40 mm or more.

  Referring to FIG. 4, when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) is 1/8 rad, the distance between the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the spacer 17 is changed from 387.5 mm to 384 mm, and is narrowed by 3.5 mm. Become. At this time, the horizontal displacement δ is 341.3 mm, the upper clearance is 48 mm, and the side clearance is 3.5 mm. In this case, it was confirmed that buckling does not occur if the upper clearance is selected to be 48 mm or more.

Based on the above calculation result, selects the side clearance 0.5Mm～3.5Mm, if selected upper clearance 25Mm～50mm, strong horizontal force to the extent that the slope of 1 / 15rad~1 / 8rad occurs Even if it receives, the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 does not buckle, receives the compressive force of the width direction by the pillar 11a (or pillar 11b) and the intermediate pillar 17 on the both sides, and disperses the compressive force. By this, it is possible to avoid the wooden building from collapsing at a stretch.
By the way, in an actual wooden building, it is necessary to select the upper clearance at the design stage, so the upper clearance should be selected to be more than the value (48mm) in the case of 1/8 rad with the largest column inclination. In this case, even if the inclination of the column is smaller than 1/10 rad or 1/15 rad, it is covered as a range in which buckling does not occur.
However, if the upper clearance is selected to be larger than necessary, the area of the side surface of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is reduced due to the reason described with reference to the following formulas (1) to (4). Since the force P that can resist the deformation of the column becomes small, it is desirable to select an appropriate value.

The side clearance is t3 = 1.0 mm when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / H) in FIG. 2 is changed to 1/15 rad, regardless of the problem of adverse effects due to buckling. Even if it is selected within the range of 5 mm to 1.7 mm, the wall strength will be exhibited from the stage of small inclination angle (or early stage) that exhibits the compressive strength in the width direction of the foamed resin plate-like member 21, so 1.0 mm There is no problem even if you choose a smaller range.
In practice, even if buckling occurs, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 has a sufficient margin until it protrudes from the space (the respective surfaces of the pillar 11a or the pillar 11b and the intermediate pillar 17). There is no problem even if the minimum value of 25 mm is selected.

2 to 4, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 formed with the notch portion 21 a and the side clearance serving as the upper clearance has play due to the side clearance even when the horizontal force is gradually increased. When it turns to the right and the horizontal force further increases and t3 becomes larger than the side clearance, both side surfaces are in close contact with the column 11a (or column 11b) and the inter-column 17 to receive compressive force on both sides. Acts as a bearing wall.
When the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17 are further inclined and a horizontal force (1/15 rad) is applied so that the horizontal displacement is δ = 182 mm, the interval between the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17 is applied. Is reduced by 1.0 mm, and the compressive force of the columns 11a (or columns 11b) and the inter-columns 17 is received on the entire surface of each side surface of the foamed resin plate member 21, thereby exerting wall strength.
However, the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 has an elastic force and is damaged because the compressive strength in the width direction received at the side surface is larger than the compressive force received from the pair of columns 11a (or columns 11b) and the inter-columns 17. No wall strength is maintained. At this time, since the upper clearance is provided, the compressive force in the height direction of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 does not increase to such an extent that it buckles and does not buckle.

Even if the horizontal force increases, the inclination of the pillar 11a (pillar 11b) and the intermediate pillar 17 exceeds 1/15 rad, the horizontal displacement becomes 1/10 rad reaching δ = 273 mm, and the upper clearance becomes t4 = 40 mm. The foamed resin plate-like member 21 receives a strong compressive force from the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17 in a state where both side surfaces of the foamed resin plate member 21 are in close contact with the column 11a (or column 11b) and the intermediate column 17. Therefore, a pair of horizontal members 12a, even when subjected to compressive force in the vertical from 12b, because of the top clearance, without causing buckling, continues to exert a wall strength.
As the horizontal force further increases, the inclination of the pillar 11a (or pillar 11b) and the intermediate pillar 17 exceeds 1/10 rad, the horizontal displacement becomes 1/8 rad reaching δ = 341.3 mm, and the upper clearance is t4 = 48 mm. Even when the both sides of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 are in close contact with the column 11a (or column 11b) and the inter-column 17, the column 11a (or column 11b) and the inter-column 17 receive a strong compressive force. For this reason, even if a compressive force is applied vertically from the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b , there is an upper clearance, so that the wall strength continues to be exhibited without causing buckling.

In the range where the inclination of the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the inter-column 17 is up to 1/8 rad, the foamed resin plate member 21 exhibits a wall bearing capacity that is greater than that of existing bearing walls such as earth walls, braces and plywood. Can prevent the collapse of wooden buildings.
In addition, when the strong horizontal force in which the inclination of the pillar 11a (or the pillar 11b) and the spacer 17 exceeds 1/8 rad is applied, in addition to the vertical compressive force by the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, the horizontal member 12b The upper load is applied as a large downward force. For this reason, the structural member 13 cannot withstand and the wooden building starts to collapse.

  For the reasons described above, in the present invention, the range of the upper clearance is selected so that the column 11a (or the column 11b) and the inter-column 17 have an inclination corresponding to the range of 1/15 rad to 1/8 rad. It is a thing.

  In Example 1 described above, the dimension between the horizontal members 12a and 12b is 2730 mm as an example of the floor height of a wooden building. However, in a wooden building having a different floor height, the values of the upper clearance and the side clearance are different. Needless to say, it changes in relation to the floor height.

Next, in the example of FIG. 3 of Example 1, the proof stress when the inclination of the column 11a (or 11b) and the inter-column 17 is 1/10 rad is examined.
The distance between the horizontal member 12a and the horizontal member 12b (height H) is set to 273 cm, and the interval W between the column 11a and the intermediate column 17 (or the column 11b and the intermediate column 17) is set to 38.75 cm.
Then, assuming that the thickness of the foamed resin plate member 21 is 6.5 cm, the compressive strength of the side surface is 11 N / cm ² , the short-term allowable stress is 2/3, and the reduction factor is 0.75, the short-term The allowable shear strength Pa can be expressed by the formula (1).
Pa = 11 N / cm ² × 2/3 × 0.75 = 5.49 N / cm ² (1)
Here, as the foamed plastic foam of the foamed resin plate member 21 having a compressive strength of 11 N / cm ² or more, there is an extruded polystyrene foam. In this extruded polystyrene foam, the side surface compressive strength is reduced from the plane compressive strength due to the manufacturing method, and therefore, the above formula (1) is set to 11 N / cm ² .
The force P with which the foamed resin plate-like member 21 can resist the deformation of the column is expressed by the formula (2).
P = 269 cm × 6.5 cm × 5.49 N / cm ²
= 9599N ≒ 9.59kN (2)
9.59 kN / 1.96 kN = 4.89
This is because the horizontal force, which is a reference for the wall magnification, is about five times as strong as 1.96 kN .
For the foamed resin plate-like member 21, specifically, an extruded polystyrene foam is known as a foamed plastic foam having a compressive strength of 11 N / cm ² (about 1 kgf / cm ² ) or more.
Of course, an extruded polystyrene foam having the same compressive strength (type A extruded polystyrene foam 3 types) may be used.

And since the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 is the stuffing (or cushion) of the space portion 14, it receives a horizontal force that is said to collapse (exceeding 1/8 rad) of an existing wooden building. Even so, time can be secured before the wooden building collapses, and the possibility that the resident can escape is increased.
Moreover, since the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 uses the extrusion method polystyrene foam used as a heat insulating material, it can serve also as filling heat insulation (or internal heat insulation), has high heat insulation performance, and can save energy.

(Modification of Example 1)
By the way, in the example of the paragraph number [0041] described above, as an example of a specific material of the foamed resin plate-like member 21, the case of the extruded polystyrene foam has been described. Foamed plastic foams made of other materials of 5 N / cm ² or more can also be used.
For example, other foamed plastics based foam can be used bead polystyrene foam, hard urethane forms, the full E Knoll form like.
Hereinafter, as an example of another material of the foamed resin plate-like member 21, it will be considered how much proof strength it has when using a beaded polystyrene foam.

The foamed resin plate-like member 21 using the beaded polystyrene foam has a thickness of 6.5 cm, a side compression strength of 5 N / cm ² , a short-term allowable stress level of 2/3, and a reduction factor of 0.75. Assuming that the short-term allowable shear strength Pa can be expressed by equation (3).
Pa = 5 N / cm ² × 2/3 × 0.75 = 2.49 N / cm ² (3)
The force P that the foamed resin plate-like member 21 can resist the deformation of the column is expressed by the following expression (4).
P = 269 cm × 6.5 cm × 2.49 N / cm ²
= 4353N ≒ 4.35kN (4)
4.35 kN / 1.96 kN = 2.21
This is because the horizontal force that is the reference for the wall magnification is about twice as strong as 1.96 kN .

  Therefore, even if it is the foamed resin plate-like member 21 made of the bead-method polystyrene foam, it is a padding (or cushion) of the space portion 14, so that it receives a horizontal force to the extent that the wooden building collapses. It can also be seen that it can be proof.

As an example of a foamed plastic foam satisfying the short-term allowable shear strength Pa of the above formulas (1) and (3) (commercially available product), the types and compressive strengths for each type are shown below. Shown in the table.

(Example 2)
FIG. 5 is an elevational perspective view for explaining the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment to which the principle of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is applied. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the wooden building according to the embodiment shown in FIG. It is a top view.
In the example of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a case where the inter-column 17 is not inserted between the pair of columns 11 a and 11 b is shown.
Next, with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of Example 2 will be described.

  The wooden building 10 includes a pair of pillars 11 (11 is a general term for pillars, and 11a and 11b are used to distinguish the pillars according to the arrangement positions) and a pair of horizontal members 12 (12 are horizontal This is a generic name for the frame material, and a rectangular or frame-shaped structural member 13 (13 is a general name for the structural member, and is arranged for each of the horizontal members depending on the arrangement position, indicated by 12a and 12b). When distinguishing structural members according to position, the direction of the building is indicated by 13a and 13b (the horizontal direction or “X direction” when viewed from the plane of the building) and the span direction (the depth direction when viewed from the plane) “Y direction”) are combined in combination.

5 and 6 show examples of two structural members 13a and 13b in one direction (for example, the X direction) and one structural member 13n in the other direction (Y direction). However, in FIG. 5, the structural member 13n in the Y direction is omitted for simplification of drawing.
More specifically, one structural member 13a is composed of a pair of columns 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, and the pair of columns 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members. It has a space portion 14a surrounded by four sides of the materials 12a and 12b. The structural member 13b is composed of a pair of pillars 11b and 11c and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b. The pair of pillars 11b and 11c and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b are four. It has the space part 14b enclosed by the edge | side.
In this case, in the adjacent structural member 13a and structural member 13b, the pillar 11b and the horizontal members 12a and 12b are common.
Further, in the direction orthogonal to the structural member 13a (Y direction), the structural member 13n is provided adjacent to the column 11a. The structural member 13n includes a pair of pillars 11a and 11n and a pair of horizontal members 12n and 12m, and is surrounded by the four sides of the pair of pillars 11a and 11n and the pair of horizontal members 12n and 12m. It has a space portion 14n.

  The horizontal member 12a is horizontally placed on a cloth foundation (or concrete foundation) 15, fixed to the cloth foundation 15, and serves as a foundation. In other words, in the case of the first floor of the wooden building 10, the horizontal member 12a is a base, the horizontal member 12b is a beam, and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b are formed of a base and a beam. . Further, in the case of the second floor (or two or more floors) of the wooden building 10, the horizontal member 12a is a beam on the first floor, and the horizontal member 12b is a beam on the second floor. That is, the base 12a and the beam 12b placed or installed in the horizontal direction are collectively referred to as a horizontal member 12.

5 and 6 show an example of a structural material in which the structural members 13a and 13b require a proof wall (bearing wall).
In this embodiment, a foamed resin plate member 21 having a predetermined compressive strength is prepared.
In addition, although the spacer 17 may be put between a pair of pillars 11a and 11b, the Example at the time of putting the spacer 17 is as above-mentioned in FIGS. Even in this case, the left and right side portions of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 are received by the pair of columns 11a and the inter-columns 17, and the inter-columns 17 and the columns 11b.

The foamed resin plate-like member 21 is made of a material having a large compressive strength in the width direction and an elastic force that does not break or break at once even when a large force is applied from the width direction (or horizontal direction), such as an extrusion method. Polystyrene foam or the like is used.
The foamed resin plate-like member 21 has a short side width d that is shorter by t3 (0.5 to 3.5 mm) than the distance W between the pair of columns 11a and 11b, and has a length in the long side direction. (Height) H is selected to be shorter by t4 (25 to 50 mm) than the distance between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b.
The compressive strength of the foamed resin plate member 21 is selected so that the compressive force on the side surface in the short side direction is 5 Newton / square centimeter or more.
Thus, when the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into the structural member 13a surrounded by the pair of columns 11a and 11b and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, it is slightly smaller and higher than the width of the space portion 14a. Since a large gap (upper clearance) is secured in the direction, the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is seated in addition to the fact that the work of fitting the foamed resin plate-like member 21 can be performed more easily and quickly than in the case of the same dimensions. There is an advantage of avoiding bending.

Example 3
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example in which a foamed resin plate-like member 21 that is proof and an opening (such as a window or a door) that is not proof is arranged in a proof structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an external perspective view of the wooden building in the example of FIG.
In the example of FIGS. 7 and 8, there are a plurality of structural members 13 in the lateral direction (X direction) and the depth direction (Y direction), respectively, and the plurality of structural members 13 are arranged on both outer sides (left and right outer sides) in the X direction. In addition, a plurality of structural members 13 are arranged on both outer sides (upper and lower outer sides) in the Y direction, and a window 16 or an inlet is formed in the other part, or a member that does not require strength (insulation material without strength) Of glass wool) is arranged .
Na us, in part that do not require strength, is an opening such as a window 16 or doorway.

(Example 4)
FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention, and shows a case where the foamed resin plate member 21 and the brace are used together.
In this embodiment, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 9A and the elevation view of FIG. 9B, a pair of columns 11 a and 11 b are fastened by a brace 18, and a space portion excluding the brace 18 The foamed resin plate member 21 is fitted into 14a. For example, when a pair of pillars 11a and 11b are 10.5 cm square bars, and the thickness is 3 cm, the pillars can be used together with the foamed resin plate member 21 (6.5 cm or less). 11a and 11b, and the foamed resin plate member 21 does not protrude from the surfaces of the columns 11a and 11b .
According to this embodiment, the existing load-bearing material (for example, the brace 18) exhibits the yield strength in the range of 1/15 rad, and the foamed resin plate member 21 exhibits the yield strength in the range of 1/15 rad to 1/8 rad. By doing so, there is an advantage that the proof stress can be exhibited in a wide range.
That is, since the existing load-bearing material and the foamed resin plate member 21 are used in combination, the existing load-bearing material cannot exhibit its proof strength, or the range in which the proof strength is reduced to approach the collapse of a wooden building (1/15 rad This is a range of up to 1/8 rad) with the compressive force of the side surface of the foamed resin plate member. Collapse can be greatly delayed. This is because the foamed resin plate-like member does not cause a decrease in the yield strength due to buckling, compared with the case where a conventional building heat insulation is combined with a conventional wooden structure including a brace 18 that is a strength material. 15Rad～1 / be exhibited extensively strength in the range up to 8 rad, Ru can exert no effect on conventional filling insulation.
Moreover, in order to improve heat insulation, you may fill the part of the upper clearance (t4) of the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 with the heat insulating material which does not have a yield strength, for example, glass wool 19. FIG.

(Example 5)
FIG. 10 is an elevational view of a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention, and particularly shows an example in which the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member has a mountain shape.
This embodiment is different from the principle diagram of FIG. 1 in that the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member 22 has a mountain shape. Specifically, the foamed resin plate-like member 22 of this embodiment is formed in a mountain shape whose upper side has a downward inclined portion from the center portion in the width direction toward both side surfaces. That is, the left inclined portion 22a and the right inclined portion 22b are formed on the upper side, and the upper clearance (t4) is secured so as to be the maximum value at the second left and right end portions. The apex of the mountain at the center in the width direction has the smallest value of the upper clearance, but it is sufficient to secure at least the length t1.
Thus, if the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member 22 is formed in a mountain shape, the area of the portion filled with the glass wool 19 is smaller than that of the example of FIG. 1 and is smaller than the foamed resin plate-like member 21 of FIGS. There is an advantage that the heat insulation defect portion can be reduced. This can further enhance the heat insulation performance of the entire building when the heat insulation performance of the foamed resin plate-like member 21 is higher than that of the glass wool 19.

(Example 6)
FIG. 11 is an elevation view of a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and particularly shows an example in which the upper side of the foamed resin plate member is trapezoidal.
This embodiment differs from the principle diagram of FIG. 1 in that the upper side of the foamed resin plate member 23 is trapezoidal. Specifically, the foamed resin plate-like member 23 of this embodiment has an upper side parallel to the horizontal member 12b at the central portion 23a in the width direction, and extends from both ends of the parallel central portion 23a toward both sides. And is formed in a trapezoidal shape having downwardly inclined portions 23b and 23c. It is sufficient to secure at least the length t1 as the upper clearance at the apex of the parallel portion at the center.
Thus, if the upper side of the foamed resin plate member 23 is trapezoidal, the area of the portion filled with the glass wool 19 can be smaller than in the example of FIG.

  The present invention can be used for a wooden building as a load-bearing structure for a wooden building, and has high industrial applicability.

10: Load-bearing structure of wooden building 11, 11a, 11b: Pillar 12, 12a, 12b: Horizontal member 13: Structural member 14: Space part 15: Fabric foundation 16: Window 17; Space pillar 18; Brace 19; Glass wool 21 , 22, 23: Foamed resin plate member 21a;

Claims (6)

In a wooden building configured by combining a structural member having a space part surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members,
Without being fixed to each structural member, each having a plurality of foamed resin plate-like members fitted into the space corresponding to the structural member,
The foamed resin plate member is
A foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more by a lateral side surface,
The width of the elevational shape is selected to be smaller by 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, which is the first length than the width of the space portion, so that a horizontal force cannot be applied by being fitted into the space portion. Sometimes the first length part becomes side clearance,
When a horizontal force is applied, it exerts a strength in the range of 1/8 radians where the wooden building starts to collapse from 1/15 radians, which is not supported by existing load bearing walls, so that a pair of pillars When the width is reduced by inclining, both side surfaces are in close contact with a pair of pillars included in the structural member, thereby receiving a compressive force on both side surfaces and acting as a bearing wall,
When the yield strength is exhibited in the range of 1/15 radians to 1/8 radians, in order to avoid buckling caused by compression of the upper and lower sides of the foamed resin plate-like member by the pair of horizontal members, By forming a notch portion in which the height of the surface shape is smaller than the height of the space portion by a second length of 25 mm to 50 mm, the upper clearance in a state where the notch portion is not applied with a horizontal force. A load-bearing structure for wooden buildings. In a wooden building configured by combining a structural member having a space part surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members,
Without being fixed to each structural member, each having a plurality of foamed resin plate-like members fitted into the space corresponding to the structural member,
The foamed resin plate member is
A foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more by a lateral side surface,
The height of the vertical surface is selected to be smaller than the width of the space by the side clearance, and the height of the vertical surface is selected to be smaller by the upper clearance than the height of the space, thereby fitting into the space. In order to prevent the pair of pillars from contacting the horizontal member when the pair of pillars have a lateral clearance in the width direction and the pair of pillars are tilted by receiving a horizontal force. Forming a notch in the
Furthermore, the side clearance is set to 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm so as to exert a proof strength in a range of 1/8 radians, which is assumed to start to collapse from 1/15 radians, which is not supported by existing bearing walls. And the notch is selected from 25 mm to 50 mm,
Thereby, when the pair of pillars are inclined and the width thereof is narrowed by applying a horizontal force, the both sides of the foamed resin plate member are in close contact with the pair of pillars included in the first structural member. The load-bearing structure of a wooden building is characterized in that it acts as a load-bearing wall by receiving a compressive force on both sides thereof.   The foamed resin plate-like member has a rectangular shape, and the upper side thereof is formed parallel to the horizontal member, so that no horizontal force is applied, and the foamed resin plate-like member is uniform in the width direction. The load-bearing structure for a wooden building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an upper clearance is secured.   The foamed resin plate-like member has an upper side that is formed in a mountain shape having an inclination from a central portion in the width direction toward both side surfaces, thereby ensuring an upper clearance that is maximum at both left and right end portions. The load-bearing structure of the wooden building according to claim 1 or 2.   The upper clearance above the upper side of the foamed resin plate-like member is filled with a heat insulating material that is different from the foamed resin plate-like member and has no proof stress. Item 3. A load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to Item 2. In the wooden building, an existing load-bearing material is formed on a plurality of structural members having the first space portion, and is used in combination with the foamed resin plate member.
The existing load-bearing material exhibits a yield strength in a range of at least 1/15 radians, and the foamed resin plate member exhibits a yield strength in a range of 1/15 radians to 1/8 radians. The load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by