JP2017101538A - Bearing force structure and bearing force method of wooden building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bearing force structure and a bearing force method of a wooden building having a persistent bearing force structure, without rupturing at a stretch even when receiving a strong horizontal load such as a large earthquake.SOLUTION: A wooden building is constituted by arranging a plurality of frame members having a space part enclosed by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members so as to make a pair in the respective first direction and second direction, and comprises a plurality of first foam resin plate-like members fitted in a first space part of requiring wall bearing force and a plurality of second foam resin plate-like members fitted in a second space part of not requiring the wall bearing force. The first foam resin plate-like members act as a bearing wall by receiving compressive force by a horizontal load by a side surface via the columns when the horizontal load is added in the first or the second direction by contacting a short side directional side surface with the columns. The second foam resin plate-like members comprise a compressive force reduction part for reducing the compressive force, and reduce the compressive force when the horizontal load in the first or the second direction is added to the columns.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a load-bearing structure and a load-bearing method for a wooden building, and more particularly, to a load-bearing structure and a load-bearing method for a wooden building that have both a wall load-bearing structure and heat insulation performance, for example.

FIG. 14 is an elevation view of a part of a conventional wooden building, showing a normal case (left figure) and a case where a horizontal force due to an earthquake is applied and deformed (right figure). A wooden building has a rectangular structural member 3 made up of a pair of pillars 1a, 1b and a pair of horizontal members 2a, 2b. ”) And tensioning direction (depth direction or longitudinal direction when viewed from the plane of the building, hereinafter also referred to as“ Y direction ”), a plurality of combinations in each direction are used as a structural material.
And when a wooden building does not have a necessary and sufficient wall in the space part 4 of the rectangular structural member 3 which consists of pillar 1a, 1b and horizontal member 2a, 2b, a horizontal load (or horizontal force) is normal. There is no problem because it does not apply, but there is a risk that the building will collapse if a horizontal load exceeding a certain value is applied due to the occurrence of an earthquake or typhoon.

In order to prevent the building from collapsing against horizontal loads such as earthquakes and typhoons, a wooden building requires a load-bearing structure as a load-bearing wall.
The seismic design of wooden buildings in Japan is based on the Great Kanto Earthquake, which assumes that buildings will not be damaged by medium-scale earthquakes with a seismic intensity of 5 or so. It is based on the idea of protecting human lives without collapsing or collapsing even if there is some damage.
Also, in the case of typhoons and snow cover, materials and wall amounts are determined based on this concept.
The conventional load-bearing structure of wooden buildings was evaluated only by rigidity, but with the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, tenacity toughness has been considered.

  In the Building Standard Law, in a building with wooden walls, pillars and horizontal members, which are the main parts in terms of structural strength, be safe against horizontal forces (or horizontal loads) in all directions. In addition, it is stipulated that shafts having walls or struts must be arranged in a balanced manner in the spanning direction and the column direction of each floor.

Conventionally, struts, plywood, earth walls, penetrations, and the like are known as wall strength structures of wooden buildings. Plywood and earth walls are proof in terms of surface.
These load-bearing structures are composed of pillars and beams or foundations (hereinafter collectively referred to as “horizontal members”), with the braces fixed (or tightly bonded) by nailing or the like at both ends. The four columns of the pair of columns and the pair of horizontal members are fixed at predetermined intervals by nailing or the like, and the through holes are fixed to the pair of columns.
Here, the wall magnification is such that the earth wall has a wall magnification of 1, the brace has a thickness of 3 cm or more and a width of 9 cm or more of wood with a wall magnification of 1.5 times, and the plywood has a wall magnification of 2.5 times. The The wall magnification is not evaluated even if it is 5 times or more, and is considered to be 5 times at the maximum.

If these load-bearing structures exceed a certain load due to an earthquake or the like, they will break and lose their load at once, and the wooden building will collapse. Therefore, the wooden building is required to have a tenacity without causing collapse after deformation. That is, a wooden building having a tenacity bearing structure is one in which the building is unlikely to collapse at a stretch, and can contribute to increasing the survival rate of residents in the event of a disaster.
Therefore, the wooden building is required to have a tenacious load-bearing structure.

On the other hand, in the wooden building, in order to save energy, all outer wall surfaces are provided with heat insulating materials. As the heat insulating material, a foamed resin heat insulating material (specifically, an extruded polystyrene heat insulating material; generally abbreviated as “XPS”), a glass fiber heat insulating material, or the like is used.
Conventionally, an extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material (XPS) is used only as a heat insulating material or a heat insulating material, and is hardly used as a structural material of a wooden building.

There exists patent document 1 as a prior art which used the extrusion method polystyrene foam heat insulating material as a structural material.
In Patent Document 1, instead of a brace, a reinforcing structure 1 composed of a band portion 4, a fixed hardware 5 and a length adjusting means 6 is fixed to two structural members (columns and beams) 8 and 9, and a reinforcing member The reinforcement structure of the wooden building which attached 3 is disclosed. The reinforcing member 3 is fixedly attached to the corners of the structural members 8 and 9 such as columns and beams, and includes a small triangular synthetic resin foam 14. As a material for the synthetic resin foam 14, an extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating material is used.
That is, Patent Document 1 is a technique in which a reinforcing structure 1 is provided as a main load-bearing structural material, and a reinforcing member 3 is provided as a structural material to be followed for attenuation of compressive force.

JP 2007-40045 (FIGS. 1 to 5)

The conventional brace, plywood and earth walls, which are conventional seismic structures, have the problem of breaking or losing their strength when subjected to a horizontal load exceeding a certain strength such as a large earthquake, causing the building to collapse at once.
In particular, the load bearing wall structure using plywood is a structure in which plywood is nailed at a predetermined interval with respect to a pillar, and is simply stopped by a nail, so that the nail strength becomes the wall strength. Therefore, when a horizontal load exceeding a certain strength such as a large earthquake is received, the nail near the four corners is pulled out and damaged, the nail pullout in the peripheral part gradually expands, and the durability of the plywood is eventually greatly reduced. .
In addition, when a horizontal load exceeding a certain strength, such as a large earthquake, is applied to the brace, the screws of the part that is screwed to the column and beam brackets come off the column and beam, and the strength of the brace is reduced. It will drop greatly.
If the strength of plywood and braces is greatly reduced, wooden buildings can collapse at once, causing serious harm to the lives of residents.
Therefore, a wooden building is required to have a tenacious load-bearing structure.

  In Patent Document 1, since the reinforcing structure 1 and the reinforcing member 3 are attached, a great amount of time and labor are required for the attaching operation, and the cost becomes high. Further, even if the reinforcing member 3 attenuates the compressive force, in the event of a large earthquake, the reinforcing member 3 is broken so as to widen the hole of the synthetic resin foam 14 through which the fastener penetrates, or the screw to which the fastener is attached. When the bolt is removed from the structural material, the compression force that is a function of the synthetic resin foam 14 may not be attenuated.

Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a load-bearing structure and a load-bearing method for a wooden building that have a tenacious load-bearing structure without breaking at a stretch even under a strong horizontal load such as a large earthquake. is there.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a load-bearing structure and a load-bearing method for a wooden building that are inexpensive and have the required strength without requiring a great amount of time and labor for installation work.

In the first invention, a plurality of structural members each having a space surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members are arranged in a first direction and in pairs, in the first direction. In a wooden building configured by arranging a plurality of pairs in a second direction orthogonal to each other, a plurality of first foamed resin plate-like members and a plurality of second foamed resin plate-like members are provided. .
The first foamed resin plate-shaped member is a plurality of first structural members that require wall strength among a plurality of structural members having a space portion surrounded by a pair of columns and a pair of horizontal members. Is selected to have a shape substantially equivalent to the elevational shape of each of the first space portions included in the first space portion, and is fixed (or fixed) to each first structural member, and corresponding to the first structural member. 1 is inserted into each space.
The second foamed resin plate-like member is included in a plurality of second structural members that do not require wall strength among the plurality of structural members, and is a second part excluding the plurality of first space portions and openings. The second space portion corresponding to the second structural member without being fixed (or fixed) to each second structural member is selected to have a shape that is approximately the same as the elevational shape of each space portion. Fitted into each of the.
Further, the first foamed resin plate-like member is horizontal in the first direction or the second direction from the horizontal direction by having the side surface in the short side direction in contact with the pair of columns included in the first structural member. When a load (or horizontal force) is applied, it acts as a load-bearing wall by receiving a compressive force due to the horizontal load on the side surface via the column.
The second foamed resin plate member has a compression force reducing portion that reduces the compression force transmitted from one column of the pair of columns to the other column, and from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. When a horizontal load is applied to each pair of columns, the compressive force reducing unit acts to reduce the compressive force transmitted from one column to the other column.

According to the first invention, even if a strong horizontal load such as a large earthquake is received, the first foamed resin plate-shaped member is the padding (or cushion) of the space portion, so that it does not break at a stretch, A load-bearing structure of a wooden building that has a tenacious load-bearing structure is obtained.
Further, the first foamed resin plate-like member is fitted into the first space portion that requires proof stress, and the second foamed resin plate-like member is fitted into the second space portion that does not require proof strength. Since there is no need for fixing or tightening, the mounting or assembling work can be performed easily and quickly, and the first foamed resin plate-like member and the second foamed resin plate-like member also have heat insulation performance, so that the cost can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a load-bearing structure of a wooden building that has the required strength while having energy saving.

According to a second invention, in the first invention, the compressive force reducing portion of the second foamed resin plate member is in a direction different from the direction in which the horizontal load is applied, and the second foamed resin plate member An oblique slit is formed in the long side direction so as to reduce the plate thickness at a position with a short side. The second foamed resin plate member is divided into two parts by breaking at the slit portion when a horizontal load is applied to each pair of columns from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. And acts to reduce the compression force.
According to the second invention, by forming the oblique slit, even if the second foamed resin plate-like member has the same material and thickness as the first foamed resin plate-like member, the wall strength is reduced. It can be used as a plate member.

According to a third invention, in the first invention, the compression force reducing portion of the second foamed resin plate-shaped member is in a direction different from the direction in which the horizontal load is applied, and the second foamed resin plate-shaped member This is a portion divided into two by cutting obliquely in the long side direction at a position with a short side.
According to the third invention, the second foamed resin plate-like member is the same as the first foamed resin plate-like member by dividing the second foamed resin plate-like member into two by obliquely cutting it. Even materials of the same thickness can be used as plate members with reduced wall strength.

  According to a fourth invention, in the first invention, the second foamed resin plate-like member is configured by laminating a plurality of plate-like members thinner than the thickness of the first foamed resin plate-like member, The plate-shaped members are stacked and fitted into the second space. In the second foamed resin plate member, when a horizontal load is applied to each pair of columns, the plurality of stacked plate members are buckled (curved in the horizontal direction) in the horizontal direction. Acts as a compressive force reducing unit, and acts to reduce the compressive force.

According to a fifth invention, in the first invention to the fourth invention, the first direction and the second of the plurality of structural members having a space portion surrounded by the pair of pillars and the pair of horizontal members. The space part in the range of 1/4 on both outer sides with respect to the front opening in the direction of the wall requires the first space part included in the first structural member at a plurality of locations requiring the wall strength and the wall strength. A second space part included in the second structural member not included. Of the plurality of structural members having a space portion surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members, 1/4 of both outer sides with respect to the front opening in the first direction and the second direction. The inner space portion excluding the range is a second space portion included in the second structural member that does not require wall strength for balance. Then, the first foamed resin plate member is fitted into the first space, and the second foam resin plate member is fitted into the second space.
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, a load-bearing structure for a wooden building with a well-balanced wall arrangement can be obtained.

  According to a sixth invention, in the first to fourth inventions, a foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more by a side surface in the short side direction is used as the first foamed resin plate member.

In the seventh invention, a plurality of structural members each having a space portion surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members are arranged in a first direction and in pairs, in the first direction. This is a load-bearing method in a wooden building that is arranged in a plurality of pairs in a second direction orthogonal to each other, and includes a first step to a fourth step.
In the first step, among a plurality of structural members having a space surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members, the first structural member included in a plurality of first structural members that require wall strength. A plurality of first foamed resin plate-like members having a wall structure which is selected to have a shape substantially the same as each of the elevational shapes of one space portion and exerts a proof stress in relation to the first structural member are prepared. To do.
In the second step, among the plurality of structural members, the second structural member is included in the first structural members at a plurality of locations that do not require wall strength, and the first space portion and the openings such as windows and doors are excluded. A plurality of second portions having a compressive force reducing portion that is selected to have a shape that is approximately the same as the elevational shape of each of the space portions and that reduces the compressive force transmitted from one column of the pair of columns to the other column. The foamed resin plate member is prepared.
In the third step, the first foamed resin plate member is fitted into the plurality of first spaces corresponding to the first structural member without being fixed to the plurality of first structural members.
In the fourth step, the second foamed resin plate member is fitted into each of the second space portion excluding the first space portion and the opening.
Then, the side surface in the short side direction of the first foamed resin plate-shaped member is in contact with a pair of columns included in the first structural member, so that a horizontal load is applied from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. When added, the first foamed resin plate-like member is caused to act as a load bearing wall by receiving a compressive force due to the horizontal load through the pillar on the side surface of the first foamed resin plate-like member. Further, the second foaming is performed so as to reduce the compressive force transmitted from one column to the other column when a horizontal load is applied to each pair of columns from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. A resin plate member is allowed to act.

  According to the seventh invention, even if a strong horizontal load such as a large earthquake is received, the first foamed resin plate-like member is the padding (or cushion) of the space portion, so that it does not break at a stretch, A yield strength construction method for a wooden building having a persistent strength structure is obtained.

According to this invention, even if it receives a strong horizontal load such as a large earthquake, since the first foamed resin plate-like member is a padding (or cushion) in the space portion, it does not break at a stretch, and it has a tenacious strength. A load-bearing structure and load-bearing method for a wooden building having a structure can be obtained.
In addition, a load-bearing structure and a load-bearing method for a wooden building can be obtained that can be provided at a low cost and exhibit the required strength and heat insulation properties without requiring a great amount of time and labor for mounting work.

It is an elevation perspective view for explaining an outline of a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of a part of wooden structure of the Example shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the 1st foamed resin board member and the 2nd foamed resin board member used for the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of one Example of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the state to which the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member received the compressive force when receiving the horizontal load by an earthquake in the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of this Example. In the load-bearing structure of a wooden building, it is a top view which shows an example which considered the balance of the column direction and the tension direction. It is an external appearance perspective view of the wooden building in the example of FIG. It is a top view which shows the other example which considered the balance of the row direction and spanning direction in the load-bearing structure of wooden buildings. It is a top view for demonstrating the example of arrangement | positioning generalized in consideration of the balance of the row direction and the tension direction in the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of one Example of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the other Example of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the other Example (other examples of a 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member) of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the second foamed resin plate member. It is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the second foamed resin plate member. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the 2nd foaming resin plate-shaped member 22 with a slit. It is an elevation view of a part of a conventional wooden building.

Example 1
FIG. 1 is an elevational perspective view for explaining an outline of a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a part of the wooden building according to the embodiment shown in FIG. is there.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a first foamed resin plate-like member and a second foamed resin plate-like member used in the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Next, with reference to FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 3, the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of the 1st Example is demonstrated.

  The wooden building 10 has a pair of pillars 11 (11 is a general term for pillars, and is indicated by 11a, 11b... When distinguishing pillars according to respective arrangement positions) and a pair of horizontal members 12 ( 12 is a generic name for horizontal members, and a rectangular or frame-like structural member 13 (13 is a generic name for structural members), which is indicated by 12a, 12b,... In order to distinguish the structural members according to the respective arrangement positions, it is indicated by 13a, 13b... In the row direction of the building (lateral direction or “X direction” when viewed from the plane of the building) and the tension A plurality of combinations in each direction (depth direction or “Y direction” when viewed from the plane) are configured.

1 and 2 show examples of two structural members 13a and 13b in one direction (for example, the X direction) and one structural member 13n in the other direction (Y direction). However, in FIG. 1, the structural member 13n in the Y direction is omitted for simplification of drawing.
More specifically, one structural member 13a is composed of a pair of columns 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, and the pair of columns 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members. It has a space portion 14a surrounded by four sides of the materials 12a and 12b. The structural member 13b is composed of a pair of pillars 11b and 11c and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b. The pair of pillars 11b and 11c and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b are four. It has the space part 14b enclosed by the edge | side.
In this case, in the adjacent structural member 13a and structural member 13b, the column 13b and the horizontal members 12a and 12b are common.
Further, in the direction orthogonal to the structural member 13a (Y direction), the structural member 13n is provided adjacent to the column 11a. The structural member 13n includes a pair of pillars 11a and 11n and a pair of horizontal members 12n and 12m, and is surrounded by the four sides of the pair of pillars 11a and 11n and the pair of horizontal members 12n and 12m. It has a space portion 14n.

  The horizontal member 12a is horizontally placed on a cloth foundation (or concrete foundation) 15, fixed to the cloth foundation 15, and serves as a foundation. In other words, in the case of the first floor of the wooden building 10, the horizontal member 12a is a base, the horizontal member 12b is a beam, and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b are formed of a base and a beam. . Further, in the case of the second floor (or two or more floors) of the wooden building 10, the horizontal member 12a is a beam on the first floor, and the horizontal member 12b is a beam on the second floor. That is, the base 12a and the beam 12b placed or installed in the horizontal direction are collectively referred to as a horizontal member 12.

1 and 2, the structural member 13a is a structural material that requires a proof wall (bearing wall), and the structural member 13b is an example of a structural material that requires a proof wall. .
In this embodiment, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 having compressive strength (see FIG. 3A) and the first foamed resin plate member 21 that has no compressive strength or has been subjected to a process of reducing (or reducing) the compressive strength. Two types of foamed resin plate-like members 22 (see FIG. 3B) are prepared.
In some cases, an inter-column is inserted between the pair of columns 11a and 11b. However, even in this case, the left and right side portions of the first foamed resin plate member 21 are received by the pair of columns 11a and 11b. It is what

For the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 and the second foamed resin plate-like member 22, extruded polystyrene foam or the like of the same material is used. The first foamed resin plate-like member 21 and the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 are approximately the same as the interval between the pair of columns 11a, 11b (or 11b, 11c) in terms of size. (Same or slightly shorter than that, for example, 1 to 3 mm shorter), and the length (height) h in the long side direction is substantially the same as the interval between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b (same or slightly longer) Short, for example 1 to 3 mm shorter).
The first foamed resin plate-like member 21 and the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 have different compressive strengths. The compressive strength of the first foamed resin plate member 21 is selected such that the compressive force of the side surface in the short side direction is 0.5 kgf (= 4.9 Newton, approximately 5 Newton) / square centimeter or more.
On the other hand, the compressive strength of the second foamed resin plate member 21 is such that the compressive force of the side surface in the short side direction is significantly less than 0.5 kgf / cm ² or 5 Newton (hereinafter referred to as “N”) / cm ^2. In this case, a material that has been reduced to such an extent that it is not necessary to consider the compressive strength (for example, a gypsum board having a wall magnification of 0.5 or less than the earth wall) is used.

When the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 is made of the same material and thickness as the first foamed resin plate-like member 21, the compression strength is reduced to such a degree that it is not necessary to consider the compressive strength. As a method of doing this, a slit 211 is formed at a certain position in the short side direction (for example, approximately the center) and slender along the long side direction by a predetermined angle with respect to the main surface (see FIG. 3B). .
For example, the second foamed resin plate member 22 has a depth t1 of the slit 211 in the range of 1/2 to 3/4 of the plate thickness t (preferably 2), where t is the total plate thickness. The depth is about 2/3 mm, and the slit angle θ is selected in the range of 25 to 60 degrees (preferably about 30 degrees).
The portion (thickness t2) where the slit 221 of the second foamed resin plate member 22 is formed connects the left portion 223 and the right portion 224 of the second foam resin plate member 22 around the slit 221. Along with the connection portion 222, a portion processed to reduce the proof stress (proof strength reducing portion).

The thickness t2 of the connecting portion 222 (strength reduction portion) in which the slit 221 is formed is such that the strength reduction portion does not break when a horizontal load is applied due to a relatively small earthquake (for example, seismic intensity 5 or less). The thickness is selected so that the connecting portion 222 is broken when a horizontal load is applied due to a relatively large earthquake (for example, seismic intensity of 6 or more) that causes serious damage to the joint.
In addition, the angle θ of the slit 221 (that is, the angle of the inclined surface on which the slit 221 is formed) is the second foamed resin plate member when the connecting portion 222 is broken by a horizontal load due to a relatively large earthquake. The horizontal load is dispersed and the compressive strength is reduced by sliding obliquely with the inclined surfaces of the left portion 223 and the right portion 224 in contact with each other. FIG. 3C shows a state in which the connecting portion is broken.

When building the wooden building 10, the first foamed resin plate member 21 shown in FIG. 3A is fitted into the spaces 14a and 14n, and the second foam resin plate member 22 shown in FIG. 3B. Is fitted into the space 14b.
At this time, the construction worker holds the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 and the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 in a predetermined manner without performing any special work on the structural member 13a or the structural member 13b. Since it is only necessary to fit in the spaces 13a and 13b, there is an advantage that the fitting work can be performed quickly and in a short time, and even a non-expert can perform the work efficiently.

Preferably, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is slightly shorter in size in the short side width d than the distance between the pair of columns 11a and 11b (for example, 1 to 3 mm shorter, preferably 2 mm shorter), The length (height) h in the long side direction is selected to be slightly shorter (for example, 1 to 3 mm, preferably 2 mm shorter) than the distance between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b.
Accordingly, when the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into the structural member 13a surrounded by the pair of columns 11a and 11b and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, the inner dimension of the space portion 14a is slightly larger. Since it is small, there is an advantage that a gap is generated, and the fitting operation of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 can be performed more easily and quickly than in the case of the same size.

FIG. 4 illustrates a state in which the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is deformed by receiving a compressive force when the horizontal load due to the earthquake is received in the embodiment of FIG. It is a conceptual diagram for doing.
In particular, in FIG. 4, (a) on the left shows a normal state where no horizontal load is received, and (b) on the right shows a state where the wooden building 10 is deformed by receiving a horizontal load due to an earthquake of a medium scale or larger. Show.
In a normal state, since a horizontal load is not applied to the structural member 13a (or 13n) including the pair of pillars 11a and 11b (or 11a and 11n) and the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, the first foamed resin The plate member 21 does not receive a compressive force. In this case, if the elevational shape of the first foamed resin plate member 21 is selected to be slightly smaller than the shape of the space portion 14a (or 14n) of the structural member 13a (or 13n), the first foamed resin Even if one side surface (left side surface in the drawing) of the plate-shaped member 21 is in contact with the corresponding one column, the other side surface (right side surface in the drawing) faces the other column with a slight gap. .

When an impact force due to an earthquake, a typhoon, or the like is applied as a horizontal load in the horizontal X direction (the short side direction of the first foamed resin plate member 21), when the horizontal load is relatively small, FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 moves slightly between the gaps with the space 14a, and the horizontal load is not transmitted to the columns 11a and 11b.
However, when the horizontal load becomes a large value, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the deformation amount of the pair of columns 11a and 11b increases, so one side surface of the first foamed resin plate member 21 (for example, The substantially upper half of the left side surface is in contact with the column 11a, and the substantially lower half of the other side surface (for example, the right side surface) is in contact with the column 11b (column 11n when a horizontal load is applied in the Y direction). As shown by the hatched portion in (b), the compressive force is received on both side surfaces of the first foamed resin plate member 21.
That is, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 receives the horizontal load as a compressive force by dispersing the horizontal load in the substantially upper half and the substantially lower half of each side depending on the direction in which the horizontal load is applied. For example, when a horizontal load is received from the left direction in FIG. 4B, the load from the column 11a is received in the upper half of the left side surface of the first foamed resin plate member 21 and contracts in the short side direction. The load is transmitted to the column 11b through the substantially lower half of the right side while being dispersed while absorbing the load. On the contrary, when a horizontal load is received from the right direction in FIG. 4B, the load from the column 11b is received in the upper half of the right side surface of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 and contracted in the short side direction. Then, while absorbing the load, the load is transmitted to the column 11a through the substantially lower half of the left side surface.

At this time, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is far more elastic than the columns 11a and 11b and the horizontal members 12a and 12b, so that the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 transmits from one side to the other while absorbing the horizontal load. To do. Therefore, even if the horizontal load exceeds the limit value as the load-bearing wall of the earth wall, brace or plywood, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 does not break at a stretch, and the yield strength is gradually increased while maintaining the elastic force. Work to decrease.
Therefore, in the wooden building 10 using the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 instead of the earth wall, the brace or the plywood, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is the padding (or cushion) of the space portion 14. Therefore, even if a wooden building using braces or plywood is subjected to a large horizontal load that collapses, it can be prevented from collapsing at once.

Next, it will be considered how much strength the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 has compared to a load-bearing wall such as a soil wall, a brace, or a plywood.
For example, if the floor height (height from the upper surface of the horizontal member 12a to the upper surface of the horizontal member 12b) is 280 cm and the height of the horizontal member 12b is 18 cm, the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b The interval is 262 cm. In addition, when the length L between the column cores is 90 cm and a column having a column size (thickness) of 10 cm is used, the length between the columns is 80 cm.
Then, assuming that the first foamed resin plate member 21 has a compressive strength of the side surface of 10 N / cm ² , a short-term allowable stress level of 2/3, and a reduction factor of 0.75, the short-term allowable shear strength Pa is It can be expressed by the formula (1).
Pa = 10 N / cm ² × 2/3 × 0.75 = 4.99 N / cm ² (1)
Here, as the foamed plastic foam of the first foamed resin plate member 21 having a compressive strength of 10 N / cm ² or more, there is an extruded polystyrene foam. In this extruded polystyrene foam, the side surface compressive strength is reduced from the plane compressive strength due to the manufacturing method, and therefore, the above formula (1) is set to 10 N / cm ² .
The force P with which the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 can resist the deformation of the column is approximately ½ of the side area at the time of the deformation, and is expressed by the formula (2).
P = 262 cm × 1/2 × 6.5 cm × 4.99 N / cm ²
= 4248N≈4.24kN (2)
The wall magnification in that case is calculated based on P × (1 / 1.96) × (1 / L). 1.96 is a numerical value (kN / m) for calculating the magnification = 1, and L represents the length (m) of the wall core.
The wall magnification in this case is expressed by the expression (3).
Wall magnification = 4.24 × (1 / 1.96) × (1 / 0.9) = 2.40 (3)
Therefore, the wall magnification is 2.4.
When the wall magnification (2.4) of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is compared with other bearing walls, the wall magnification of the 9 mm-thick plywood is approximately the same as 2.5 times. These are based on hypothetical calculations, and data from public tests are adopted for implementation.
For the first foamed resin plate member 21, an extruded polystyrene foam is known as a foamed plastic foam having a compressive strength of 10 N / cm ² (about 1 kgf / cm ² ) or more. For this (extruded polystyrene foam), as a more specific material, for example, A-XPS-B-3b of Styrofoam (registered trademark) of Dow Industries, Ltd. is known.
Of course, an extruded polystyrene foam having a compressive strength equivalent to that of other companies (type A extruded polystyrene foam 3 types) may be used.

According to the calculation result, it can be seen that the wall magnification of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 under the above conditions is substantially equal to that of the plywood.
Since it is 2.4 times as large as the earth wall with a wall magnification of 1, the foamed plastic foam of 5 N / cm ² (about 0.5 kgf / cm ² ) whose side compression strength is ½ is the first foamed resin. It can be used as the plate member 21.
And since the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 has become the stuffing (or cushion) of the space part 14, even if it receives the horizontal load of the grade which the wooden building using a brace and plywood collapses, Since it is gradually destroyed without being destroyed at once, it is possible to secure a time margin until the wooden building collapses, and to increase the possibility that the resident can escape.

On the other hand, since the second foamed resin plate member 22 is fitted in the structural member 13b that does not require proof stress, the horizontal load is not transmitted as it is. That is, since the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 uses a material whose compressive strength is greatly reduced from 5 N / cm ² (about 0.5 kgf / cm ² ), when a horizontal load is applied, the following is performed. Works.
When a large horizontal load exceeding a predetermined level is applied, the connecting portion 222 at the position where the slit 211 is formed is broken as shown in FIG. 3C, so that the second foamed resin plate member 22 is on the left side of the slit 221. Divided into a part 223 and a right part 224. Therefore, the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 disperses the horizontal load while the inclined surfaces of the left portion 223 and the right portion 224 are in contact with each other, and is applied to one side surface (left side surface) from one column 11b. The horizontal load is not transmitted as it is, but most of it is reduced and transmitted to the other column 11b slightly through the other side surface. Therefore, the second foamed resin plate member 22 does not work as a load bearing wall.

  Moreover, since the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 and the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 22 are both using the extrusion method polystyrene foam used as a heat insulating material, it serves also as filling heat insulation (or internal heat insulation). It has high heat insulation performance and can save energy. In addition, the construction price can be reduced as compared with the case where both a structural material such as a brace and plywood and a heat insulating material are attached.

(Modification of Example 1)
By the way, in the example of the paragraph number [0037] described above, as an example of a specific material of the first foamed resin plate member 21, the case of the extruded polystyrene foam has been described. A foamed plastic foam made of other materials having a compressive strength of 5 N / cm ² (about 0.5 kgf / cm ² ) or more can also be used.
For example, as other foamed plastic foams, bead method polystyrene foam, rigid urethane foam, polyethylene foam, phenol foam and the like can be used.
Hereinafter, as another example of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21, when using a beaded polystyrene foam, it will be considered how much strength it has compared to a bearing wall such as a brace or plywood. .

Next, it will be considered how much strength the bead polystyrene of another example of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 has compared to a load-bearing wall such as a soil wall, brace or plywood.
For example, the conditions of the structural members 13a and 13b and the space portions 14a and 14b, that is, the floor height, the height of the horizontal member 12b, the distance between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b, the length L between the column cores, and the column dimensions (Thickness) is the same as in the case of the paragraph number [0037] described above, and the height, width and plate thickness t of the first foamed resin plate member 21 are the same as in the case of the paragraph number [0037] described above. If the conditions are satisfied, the compressive strength of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 can be expressed by the following calculation formula (formula (5)).
First, since the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 using beaded polystyrene has a compressive strength on the side surface lower than that of extruded polystyrene foam, the short-term allowable stress level is 2/3, and the reduction factor is 0. Assuming that 75, the short-term allowable shear strength Pa can be expressed by equation (4).
Pa = 5 N / cm ² × 2/3 × 0.75 = 2.49 N / cm ² (4)
As the foamed plastic foam of the first foamed resin plate member 21 having a compressive strength of 5 N / cm ² or more, there is a bead method polystyrene foam.
The force P with which the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 can resist the deformation of the column is approximately ½ of the side area at the time of the deformation, and is expressed by the expression (5).
P = 262 cm × 1/2 × 6.5 cm × 2.49 N / cm ²
= 2120N≈2.12kN (5)
The wall magnification in that case is calculated based on P × (1 / 1.96) × (1 / L). Here, 1.96 is a numerical value (kN / m) for calculating the magnification = 1, and L represents the length (m) of the wall core.
The wall magnification in this case is expressed by the formula (6).
Wall magnification = 2.12 × (1 / 1.96) × (1 / 0.9) = 1.20 (6)
Therefore, the wall magnification is 1.2.

Since sufficient strength is obtained even at a wall magnification of 1 for the earth wall, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 can be selected from a wide variety of materials according to the compressive strength.
Therefore, even if it is the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 which uses a bead method polystyrene foam as a raw material, since it is the filling (or cushion) of the space part 14, the wooden building using a dirt wall will collapse. Even if a horizontal load of a certain degree is received, it is gradually destroyed without breaking at a stretch. Therefore, there is an advantage that a time margin can be secured before the wooden building collapses, and the possibility that the resident can escape is increased.

As an example of a foamed plastic foam satisfying the short-term allowable shear strength Pa of the above formulas (1) and (4) (commercially available product), the types and compressive strengths for each type are shown below. Shown in the table.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the height of the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is 262 cm which is the same as the interval between the pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b has been described, but as another example, You may connect and use two sheets shorter than that. For example, two sheets having the same width and a height of 180 cm and 82 cm (or 200 cm and 62 cm) may be used by connecting them vertically.

  As a modification of the second foamed resin plate member 22 shown in FIG. 3B, a plurality of slits 221 may be formed at different positions in the short side (width) direction and along the height direction. . Thereby, the proof stress with respect to a horizontal load can be reduced further.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example in consideration of the balance between the column direction and the tension direction in the load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a wooden building in the example of FIG. FIG.
In the example of FIGS. 5 and 6, there are a plurality of structural members 13 in each of the gap direction (lateral direction in FIG. 5; X direction) and the tension direction (depth direction in FIG. 5; Y direction). The first structural members 13a, 13d, 13f, and 13j are disposed on the outer side (left and right outer sides), and the first structural members 13n, 13m, 13o, and 13p are disposed on both outer sides (upper and lower outer sides) in the Y direction. The case where the window 16 is formed in a part other than that, or the 2nd structural members 13b, 13g, 13h, and 13i which do not require proof stress are arrange | positioned is shown.
The first foamed resin is formed in the space portions 14a, 14d, 14f, 14j, 14n, 14m, 14o, and 14p corresponding to the first structural members 13a, 13d, 13f, 13j, 13n, 13m, 13o, and 13p. The plate-like member 21 is fitted. The second foamed resin plate member 22 is fitted into the spaces 14b, 14g, 14h, 14i corresponding to the second structural members 13b, 13g, 13h, 13i.
In other words, in the example of FIG. 5, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is provided on the structural members 13 a, 13 d, 13 f, 13 j, 13 n, 13 m, 13 o, and 13 p adjacent to the pillars at the four corners of the wooden building 10. Will be fitted.

In this way, in the wooden building 10, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 having the proof strength is fitted into the first structural members 13a, 13d, 13f, 13j, 13n, 13m, 13o, and 13p that require the proof strength. By fitting the second foamed resin plate member 22 having no proof strength into the second structural members 13b, 13g, 13h, and 13i that do not require proof strength, the proof wall is balanced in the whole wooden building 10 ( (Or balance) The reason for the good arrangement is as follows.
The wooden building 10 is subjected to loads from all directions. However, when considering a load due to an earthquake or a typhoon, the horizontal structure is divided into components in the X direction and the Y direction. In that case, if the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 which has the same yield strength is inserted in the space part of all the structural members, according to the difference by the quantity of the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 used as a pair, the wooden building 10 May be twisted due to rotation, causing the wooden building 10 to collapse.
Therefore, the X direction (the upper side and the lower side making a pair) and the Y direction (the left side and the right side making a pair) so that there is no difference in the quantity of the first foamed resin plate members 21 that make a pair or a great difference. It was devised to maintain the balance of proof strength of each side that makes a pair in both directions.

Next, a method for arranging the bearing walls in a balanced manner in both the X direction and the Y direction will be considered.
In the case of the wooden structure 10 having a planar structure shown in the example of FIG. 5, the X direction is longer than the Y direction, and therefore, when the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into all wall surfaces except the window 16, X The balance between the bearing wall in the direction and the Y direction cannot be maintained. In particular, in the X direction, the difference in wall strength is large between the upper side and the lower side where the window 16 is arranged and the upper side where the window is not arranged, and the strength balance of the opposite sides (upper side and lower side) in the X direction is greatly different. Will end up.
Therefore, in the example of FIG. 5, structural members 13b and 13g (second structural members from the left side), 13h and 13i (third and fourth structures from the left side) that are close to the center in the X direction, which are less important in terms of yield strength. By inserting the second foamed resin plate-like member 21 having no proof strength into the member), the same number of the first foamed resin plate-like members 21 serving as the load-bearing walls on the outer wall surface in the X direction (or the upper side and the lower side) (or The number of first foamed resin plate-like members 21 that will be the load-bearing walls on the outer wall surface in the Y direction is the same on the left side and the right side so that the load-bearing walls are balanced as a whole. Yes. In other words, in the example of FIG. 5, each of the structural members 13 a, 13 d, 13 f, 13 j, 13 n, 13 m, 13 o, and 13 p in contact with the four corner prisms of the wooden building 10 is the first foamed resin that becomes a bearing wall. The plate-like member 21 is fitted.
Thus, the load-bearing wall (first foamed resin plate-like member 21) is arranged in a well-balanced manner, and even when a horizontal load is applied from all directions in the horizontal direction, it is possible to prevent the entire building from being twisted due to rotation. ing.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another example in consideration of the balance between the column direction (X direction) and the spanning direction (Y direction) in the load-bearing structure of a wooden building.
Although the case where the wooden building is a horizontally long rectangle has been described with reference to FIG. 5, the wooden building may have a complicated planar shape other than a rectangle or a square depending on the desire of the building owner.
FIG. 7 shows an example of a planar shape in which depressions are formed at some corners of a square (for example, the upper right corner is cut out by a small square and retracted inward).
In the case of the planar shape of FIG. 7 in which depressions are formed at some corners of a quadrangle, when considering “¼ of the outer side” in FIG. The same number (two in the illustrated example) of first foamed resin plate-like members 21 having wall strength at the narrow side (upper side) of the frontage is arranged, and the wide side (left side) of the frontage in the Y direction and the narrow side (right side) of the frontage ), The same number (two in the illustrated example) of the first foamed resin plate-like members 21 having wall strength is arranged, and the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 is arranged on the other wall portion excluding the window.
The wall surface of the upper right corner recess (L-shaped part) is out of the range of 1/4 from the outer wall surface, so there is no need to consider the bearing wall. In other words, since this portion (the wall portion described as “21 (or 22)” in FIG. 7) is not included in the balance consideration target, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 or the second foamed member is not included. Any of the resin plate-like members 22 may be used.

FIG. 8 is a plan view for explaining a general arrangement example in consideration of the balance between the column direction (X direction) and the tension direction (Y direction) in the load-bearing structure of the wooden building of this embodiment. .
In particular, for the purpose of arranging the first structural member and the second structural member in a well-balanced manner by dividing them into a line direction (X direction) and a spanning direction (Y direction), the X-direction frontage has eight squares (dotted lines). In the case where the front edge in the Y direction is configured with six squares, the position in the X direction and the Y direction in which the first foamed resin plate member 21 having proof strength should be fitted is considered. .

In particular, FIG. 8 (a) is a diagram that considers at which position the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 having the proof stress should be placed in order to exert a proof strength in a well-balanced direction (X direction). is there.
In order to exert a balanced strength in the X direction, it is a wall along the X direction on both outer sides (upper and lower outer sides) in the range of 1/4 each when the Y direction is divided into four (two-dot chain lines), It is assumed that the first foamed resin plate member 21 is fitted into a wall indicated by fine (or dense) diagonal lines, and the second foamed resin plate member 22 is fitted into a wall indicated by rough diagonal lines.
In other words, on the lower side in the X direction, the first foamed resin plate member 21 is fitted into the left end, the right end, and the third wall from the right. On the upper side in the X direction, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into the left end, the second wall from the left, and the right end wall, and the second foam resin from the third, fourth, and second walls from the left. The plate-like member 22 is fitted.
Here, paying attention to the upper and lower walls in the X direction, the number of walls into which the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 to be a load bearing wall is fitted is the same on the upper side and the lower side.
In addition, there is no room for fitting the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 in the lower side where there are many windows, but the third wall from the left and the fourth wall from the upper side of the wall except the window and the second wall from the right. By fitting the second foamed resin plate-like member 22, the wall into which the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 is fitted does not become a load-bearing wall. This balances the number of bearing walls on the upper and lower sides in the X direction.

FIG. 8 (b) is a diagram that considers where to place the first foamed resin plate member 21 having proof strength in order to exert proof strength in a balanced direction (Y direction).
In order to demonstrate the yield strength in a balanced manner in the Y direction, the walls along the Y direction on both outer sides (left and right outer sides) each in the range of 1/4 when the X direction is divided into four (two-dot chain lines), It is assumed that the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into the wall indicated by fine oblique lines, and the second foamed resin plate-like member 22 is fitted into the wall indicated by rough oblique lines.
In other words, on the left side in the Y direction, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is fitted into all the left outer walls (three) and the wall of the center 2 mm in the range of 1/4 from the left outer side. . On the right side in the Y direction, the first foam is on the first, second, and top first walls from the bottom right, and on the first and bottom walls from the bottom to the ¼ range from the left outside. The resin plate member 21 is fitted.
In the Y direction, the size of the windows on the left side and the right side is different, and the second foamed resin plate member 22 is fitted into the third wall from the lower right side of the right side with few windows.
As a result, the wall can be balanced between the left side and the right side in the Y direction, and a unique effect of reducing the collapse of the wooden building due to rotational deformation or twisting in the event of an earthquake or typhoon can be achieved.

(Example 2)
FIG. 9 is a view for explaining a load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention, and particularly shows a case where the first foamed resin plate member 21 and a brace are used in combination.
In this embodiment, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 9A and the elevation view of FIG. 9B, a pair of pillars 11a and 11b are fastened by a brace 17 and a space portion excluding the brace 17 The first foamed resin plate member 21 is fitted into 14a. For example, when a pair of pillars 11a and 11b is a square member having a 10 cm square, if it is a brace having a thickness of 3 cm, even if it is used in combination with the first foamed resin plate member 21 (6.5 cm or less), It is the range of the thickness of pillar 11a, 11b, and the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 does not protrude from the surface of pillar 11a, 11b.
If the first foamed resin plate member 21 and the brace are used together, there is an advantage that the compressive strength can be increased to the same extent as when both materials are synthesized. Moreover, since the first foamed resin plate member 21 has the compressive strength as in the first formula or the second formula, even if it receives a horizontal load due to a large earthquake, the horizontal load is the first foamed resin plate shape. Since the member 21 and the brace are distributed and received, a part of the horizontal load is dispersed while being absorbed by the elastic first foamed resin plate-like member 21 and all the horizontal load is applied to the brace. Because it prevents it, it can delay or prevent the destruction of the brace.

(Example 3)
FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention (another example of the first foamed resin plate member). In particular, FIG. 10 (a) shows another first foamed resin plate member 21a. FIG. 10 (b) is a plan view of a part of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 10 (a), the first foamed resin plate-like member 21a of this embodiment is formed with a slight inclined surface on the side surface of the short side, thereby being fitted in the transverse section (space portion). It is formed in a trapezoidal shape (a trapezoidal shape in which the short side and the long side are parallel) as viewed from the plane. That is, in the first foamed resin plate-like member 21a, the length d of one side of the short side (the surface that is the outer side on the lower side in the drawing) is selected to be the same as the distance between the pair of columns 11a and 11b. The length of the other side (the surface on the inner side of the upper side in the drawing) is selected to be 2x shorter than the distance between the pair of columns 11a and 11b (d-2x), thereby contacting the pair of columns 11a and 11b. The side surface is configured to have a slight inclination. Here, x is, for example, about 1 to 2 mm, and the inclination angle is slightly smaller (0.8 to 2 degrees) than 90 degrees.
Preferably, the first foamed resin plate-like member 21a is formed such that the side in contact with the horizontal member 12b is inclined toward the inner surface, and the side in contact with the horizontal member 12a is selected at right angles to the main surface. . That is, it is configured to be inclined toward the inner surface when the side surfaces (three side surfaces of the left and right sides and the upper side as viewed from the main surface) that are in contact with the pillars 11a and 11b and the horizontal member 12b are fitted.
The first foamed resin plate-like member 21a as described above is made by cutting the side surface of the one shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 10 (b), the first foamed resin plate member 21a has a pair of columns 11a and 11b and a pair of horizontal members 12a and 12b with the upper side of the trapezoidal shape as a surface in the depth direction. Is fitted into the space 14a of the structural member 13a surrounded by
If the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21a is comprised like this Example, the planar shape of the main surface used as the inner side of a wooden building will become a pair of pillar 11a, 11b and a pair of horizontal members 12a, 12b. Since the space 14a is slightly smaller than the space 14a of the structural member 13a surrounded by the structure, in addition to being able to perform the fitting operation easily and quickly, the planar shape of the outer main surface is the same as the space 14a of the structural member 13a. The foamed resin plate member 21a having excellent heat insulation is obtained. Further, if the side in contact with the horizontal member 12a is perpendicular to the main surface, it will be placed horizontally on the horizontal member 12a and can be stably held in an upright state.

  In addition, you may use the foamed resin plate-shaped member 21a of this Example not only as a use as a structural material of the load-bearing structure of a wooden building but only as a heat insulating material. Even in this case, there is an advantage that the fitting operation can be performed easily and quickly and the heat insulation performance can be improved.

Example 4
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a second foamed resin plate member according to another embodiment of the present invention. In particular, the second foamed resin plate member 22a is divided into two parts.
In this embodiment, the second foamed resin plate-like member 22a is cut in the long side direction obliquely at substantially the center position of the short side instead of forming the slit 221. Is. The angle to be cut obliquely is selected in the same manner as the angle of the slit 221 of the second foamed resin plate member shown in FIG.
When the second foamed resin plate member 22a divided into two in this embodiment is fitted into the space portion 14b, there is an inconvenience that the worker has to do the fitting work twice, but FIG. 3 (b). There exists an advantage which can reduce a compressive force similarly to the 2nd foaming resin plate-shaped member 22 with a slit shown in FIG.
In other words, the second foamed resin plate member 22 shown in FIG. 3 (b) has an advantage that it can be fitted easily and quickly compared with the second divided foam resin plate member of this embodiment. is there.

(Example 5)
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a second foamed resin plate-like member 22b according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and in particular, a plurality of plate-like members 225 to 227 having a thin second foamed resin plate-like member 22b. An example in which these are stacked is shown.
In this embodiment, the second foamed resin plate member 22b is formed by laminating a plurality of thin plate members 225 to 227. Then, a plurality of thin plate-like members 225 to 227 are stacked and fitted into the space portion 14b to function as one second foamed resin plate-like member 22b.
If the second foamed resin plate-like member 22b is configured by laminating a plurality of thin plate-like members 225-227, when a horizontal load is applied, each plate-like member 225-227 is thin and is bent and buckled. Therefore, the horizontal load cannot be received sufficiently (or like one thick foamed resin plate-like member). As a result, the second foamed resin plate-like member 22b in which a plurality of thin plate-like members 225 to 227 are stacked works to reduce the proof stress.
Further, the compressive strength of the foamed resin plate member with respect to the horizontal load is greatly influenced by the area of the side surface. In addition to the following, the compressive strength decreases because it is bent and buckled as compared to a thick one. Therefore, even if a plurality of thin plate-like members are laminated to have the same thickness, the compressive strength can be greatly reduced.

(Example 6)
FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of the second foamed resin plate member 22 with slits.
The second foamed resin plate member 22 with slits fitted into the structural member 13b that does not require wall strength shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 (b) is as described with reference to FIG. 3 (b). More specifically, it is manufactured by a manufacturing process as shown in FIG.
First, as shown to Fig.13 (a), the 1st foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 is prepared. The first foamed resin plate-shaped member 21 is manufactured by a manufacturing process such as extrusion polystyrene foam.
Next, as shown in FIGS. 13B and 13C, the circular saw blade 31 is supported on the rotary shaft 32 in the transfer path of the first foamed resin plate member 21, and the circular saw blade 31 is moved to the slit angle θ. The rotary shaft 32 is tilted and connected to the rotary shaft of the motor 33 so as to be tilted by the angle. The slit angle θ is selected to be the angle described with reference to FIG. 3B, and the length for projecting the circular saw blade 31 from the transfer table base is selected as the depth t2 of the slit 221.
Then, on the transfer table on which the circular saw blade 31 is installed, along the long side direction (the direction of the white arrow in FIG. 13B) from the approximate center of the short side of the first foamed resin plate member 22. The first foamed resin plate member 21 is extruded. At this time, since the first foamed resin plate-like member 21 is moved while its lower surface (back side surface) is scraped by the circular saw blade 31, the oblique slit 221 is formed to be elongated in the long side direction. .
In this way, the second foamed resin plate as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3B is formed by inclining a predetermined angle with respect to the one main surface and forming the elongated slit 221 along the long side direction. The member 22 is formed.

  The present invention can be used for wooden buildings as a load-bearing structure or a load-bearing method for wooden buildings, and has high industrial applicability.

Appendix

In addition to the technical ideas described in the claims, the technical ideas grasped in the above-described Example 3 (first foamed resin plate member 21a shown in FIG. 10) are listed as follows.
A plurality of structural members each having a space portion surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members are arranged in a first direction and in pairs, and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction It is a foamed resin plate-like member (first foamed resin plate-like member) used for a wooden building that is arranged in a plurality so as to form a pair.
The foamed resin plate member is used as a building material that is fitted into a space part included in the structural member. The foamed resin plate-like member is formed such that the inner side in the fitting direction on the short side is shorter than the length of the pair of columns and the outer side is the same as the length of the pair of columns. The cross-sectional shape is selected to be trapezoidal when the surface in contact with is inclined.

  According to this foamed resin plate-shaped member, the work of fitting the foamed resin plate-shaped member can be performed easily and quickly, and the heat insulation performance can be enhanced.

In addition to the technical ideas described in the claims, the technical ideas grasped in the above-described Example 6 (second foamed resin plate-like member 22 shown in FIG. 13) are listed as follows.
A plurality of structural members each having a space portion surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members are arranged in a first direction and in pairs, and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction It is a foamed resin plate member with a slit (second foamed resin plate member) used in a wooden building that is arranged in a plurality so as to form a pair. The structural member includes a plurality of first structural members that require wall strength and a plurality of second structural members that do not require wall strength.
The foamed resin plate member with the slit is used as a building material that is fitted into the second space portion included in the second structural member.
The foamed resin plate-like member has a planar shape selected to be approximately the same as the elevational shape of the second space, has a predetermined angle with respect to the main surface, and has a short side. It is characterized by having a slit formed elongated along the long side direction at a position.

  According to this foamed resin plate-like member, it has the compression force reducing portion (corresponding to the connecting portion 222) that reduces the compression force transmitted from one column of the pair of columns to the other column, and the first from the horizontal direction. When a horizontal load is applied to each pair of columns in the direction or the second direction, the compressive force reducing portion can act to reduce the compressive force transmitted from one column to the other column. For this reason, when fitted in a space serving as a wall surface, it is possible to improve the balance of the entire wooden building against the horizontal load without exhibiting the wall strength, and only the heat insulating function can be exhibited.

  The foamed resin plate-like member 22 is configured to connect two plate-like members by a connecting portion 222 having a slit.

The foamed resin plate-like member 22 is selected at an angle of 25 to 60 degrees with respect to the main surface, with the depth of the slit 221 being in the range of 1/2 to 3/4 of the plate thickness.
As a result, when a horizontal load due to a large earthquake is received, it breaks at the connecting portion 222 having a slit and is divided into two plate-like members 223 and 224 so that the horizontal load is distributed on the inclined surface.

10: Strength structure of wooden building 11, 11a to 11p: Pillar 12, 12a, 12b, 12n, 12m: Horizontal member 13, 13a to 13i: Structural member 14, 14a to 14n: Space 15: Cloth foundation 16: Windows 21, 21a: First foamed resin plate-like member 22, 22a, 22b: Second foamed resin plate-like member 221: Slit 222: Connecting portion

Claims (7)

A plurality of structural members each having a space portion surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members are arranged in a first direction and in pairs, and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction However, in a wooden structure that is configured by arranging a plurality of pairs,
Of the plurality of structural members having a space portion surrounded by the pair of pillars and the pair of horizontal members, the first space portion included in the first structural members at a plurality of locations requiring wall strength. A plurality of first shapes are selected so as to be substantially equivalent to the respective elevational shapes, and are fitted into the first space portions corresponding to the first structural members without being fixed to the first structural members. A foamed resin plate-shaped member, and a second of the plurality of structural members that are included in the second structural member at a plurality of locations that do not require wall strength and excluding the plurality of first space portions and openings. The shape is selected to be approximately the same as the elevational shape of each of the space portions, and is fitted into each of the second space portions corresponding to the second structural member without being fixed to each second structural member. A plurality of second foamed resin plate members,
The first foamed resin plate-like member is horizontal from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction by having a side surface in the short side direction in contact with a pair of columns included in the first structural member. When a load is applied, a compressive force due to the horizontal load is received by the side surface of the first foamed resin plate-like member via the pillar, and acts as a load bearing wall,
The second foamed resin plate-like member has a compression force reducing portion that reduces a compression force transmitted from one column of the pair of columns to the other column, and from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. When a horizontal load is applied to each pair of pillars in the direction, the compressive force reducing part acts to reduce the compressive force transmitted from one pillar to the other pillar, and the strength of the wooden building Construction. The compressive force reducing portion of the second foamed resin plate member has a thickness direction different from the direction in which the horizontal load is applied, and the plate thickness is reduced at a position where the short side of the second foam resin resin plate member is present. It is a part that formed diagonal slits in the long side direction,
The second foamed resin plate-like member is divided into two parts by breaking at the slit portion when a horizontal load is applied to each pair of columns from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. 2. The load-bearing structure for a wooden building according to claim 1, which acts to reduce a compressive force.   The compressive force reducing portion of the second foamed resin plate member has a thickness direction different from a direction in which a horizontal load is applied, and is obliquely cut at a position with a short side of the second foamed resin plate member. The load-bearing structure of a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the slit is a portion divided into two by forming the slit in the long side direction. The second foamed resin plate-like member is formed by laminating a plurality of plate-like members thinner than the thickness of the first foamed resin plate-like member, and the plurality of plate-like members are laminated. Fitted into the second space,
The second foamed resin plate-like member works as a compressive force reducing unit by buckling the horizontal plurality of plate-like members when a horizontal load is applied to each pair of columns, The load-bearing structure for a wooden building according to claim 1, which acts to reduce the compressive force. Of the plurality of structural members having a space portion surrounded by the pair of pillars and the pair of horizontal members, 1/4 of both outer sides with respect to the entrance in the first direction and the second direction The space portion of the range includes a first space portion included in the first structural member at a plurality of locations that requires wall strength and a second space portion included in the second structural member that does not require wall strength. Including
Of the plurality of structural members having a space portion surrounded by the pair of pillars and the pair of horizontal members, 1/4 of both outer sides with respect to the entrance in the first direction and the second direction The inner space portion excluding the range becomes a second space portion included in the second structural member that does not require wall strength for balance,
The first foamed resin plate member is fitted into the first space,
The load-bearing structure for a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second foamed resin plate member is fitted into the second space.   2. The load-bearing structure for a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the first foamed resin plate-shaped member is a foamed plastic foam having a compressive force of 5 Newton / square centimeter or more by a side surface in a short side direction. . A plurality of structural members each having a space portion surrounded by a pair of pillars and a pair of horizontal members are arranged in a first direction and in pairs, and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction It is a load-bearing method in a wooden building configured by arranging a plurality of pairs,
Of the plurality of structural members having a space portion surrounded by the pair of pillars and the pair of horizontal members, the first space portion included in the first structural members at a plurality of locations requiring wall strength. A first step of preparing a plurality of first foamed resin plate-like members that are selected to have a shape substantially the same as each of the elevational shapes and have a wall structure that exerts a yield strength in association with the first structural member ,
Each elevational shape of the second space part included in the first structural member at a plurality of locations that does not require wall strength among the plurality of structural members and excluding the first space part and the opening part, A plurality of second foamed resin plate-like members having a compression force reducing portion that is selected to have substantially the same shape and that reduces the compression force transmitted from one column of the pair of columns to the other column are prepared. The second step,
A third step of fitting each of the first foamed resin plate-like members into the plurality of first spaces corresponding to the first structural member without fixing the first foamed resin plate-like member to the plurality of first structural members;
A fourth step of fitting the second foamed resin plate-like member into each of the second space portion excluding the first space portion and the opening portion into which the first foamed resin plate-like member is to be fitted. With
When the side surface in the short side direction of the first foamed resin plate-shaped member is in contact with a pair of columns included in the first structural member, a horizontal load is applied from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. When adding, the compressive force due to the horizontal load is received on the side surface of the first foamed resin plate-like member via the pillar, and the first foamed resin plate-like member acts as a load bearing wall,
The second foamed resin so as to reduce the compressive force transmitted from one pillar to the other pillar when a horizontal load is applied to each pair of pillars from the horizontal direction to the first direction or the second direction. A load-bearing method for a wooden building, characterized by causing a plate-like member to act.