JP2018178695A - Concrete foundation structure, and method for constructing the same - Google Patents
Concrete foundation structure, and method for constructing the same Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、住宅、道路、護岸、擁壁等の基礎などに用いられる逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体、より詳しくは、主に一戸建て住宅を対象とする、簡易で比較的低コストにて製造ができ、しかも瞬間的破壊が生じないような靱性をもつ逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体及びその施工方法に関するものである。 The present invention is an inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure used for foundations such as houses, roads, revetments, retaining walls, etc., and more specifically, is simple and relatively low-cost, mainly for single-family homes. The present invention relates to an inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure having a toughness that can be generated and in which no instantaneous failure occurs and a method of constructing the same.
従来より、住宅等の建物、道路、擁壁、鉄塔等の基礎に逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎が使用されている。該コンクリート基礎は、現場で製作された型枠内にコンクリートを打設する二体打ち工法によって施工される（図１３参照）。該二体打ち工法は、例えば、地盤を所定の深さまで掘削した床掘りＣの底に割栗石１５を敷き均べ、その上に均しコンクリート１６を施し、均しコンクリート１６の上面に、底版用の型枠(図示せず)を組立てる。その後、該型枠内に配筋した後、コンクリートを打設し、例えば厚さ１２ｃｍ以上、幅４５ｃｍ以上の底版１７を形成する。次いで、該底版の上面に鉄筋を組立てして立ち上り部位用のコンクリートの型枠(図示せず)を組立て、該型枠内にコンクリートを打設して、例えば厚さ１２ｃｍ以上、地面からの高さ４０ｃｍ以上の立ち上り部位１８を形成することにより、底版１７と立ち上り部位１８を一体化させる工法である。 BACKGROUND ART In the past, inverted T-shaped concrete foundations have been used for foundations such as houses, roads, retaining walls, steel towers and the like. The concrete foundation is constructed by a two-piece casting method in which concrete is placed in a mold produced on site (see FIG. 13). In the two-piece casting method, for example, a ground stone 15 is spread on the bottom of a floor excavated C obtained by excavating the ground to a predetermined depth, a leveling concrete 16 is applied thereon, and a bottom plate is provided on the top surface of the leveling concrete 16 Assemble the form (not shown). Then, after arranging in the formwork, concrete is cast to form a bottom plate 17 having a thickness of, for example, 12 cm or more and a width of 45 cm or more. Then, rebars are assembled on the upper surface of the bottom plate, concrete formwork (not shown) for the rising part is assembled, concrete is cast in the formwork, for example, thickness 12 cm or more, height from the ground The bottom plate 17 and the rising portion 18 are integrated by forming the rising portion 18 of 40 cm or more.
脆弱な地盤では図１４に示すように、地盤を所定の深さまで深堀した床堀りＣの底に割栗石１５を敷き均べ、その上に均しコンクリート１６を施し、均しコンクリート１６の上面から基礎杭２４を支持層（図示せず）に到達するまで打ち込んだ後、基礎杭の上部に底板１７を形成し、該底板の上面に立ち上がり部位１８を形成している。
なお、上記底版１７及び立ち上り部位１８の形状及び寸法は建築基準法に規定されている。
In a fragile ground, as shown in FIG. 14, the ground is divided to a predetermined depth and a split rock stone 15 is spread on the bottom of floor digging C, a leveling concrete 16 is applied thereon, and the top surface of leveling concrete 16 After the foundation pile 24 is driven to reach a support layer (not shown), the bottom plate 17 is formed on the top of the foundation pile, and the rising portion 18 is formed on the top surface of the bottom plate.
The shapes and dimensions of the bottom plate 17 and the rising portion 18 are defined in the Building Standard Act.
しかし、上記二体打ち工法で施工された逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎は、底版１７と立ち上り部位１８の形成にコンクリートを二回に亘って打設するため、品質の確保が手間取り、基礎構築に日数を要するとともに、型枠の組立・解体、使用型枠の掃除などにも手間がかかる。また、鉄筋や型枠を現場で組み立てるために、切断加工した多種類の鉄筋や数多くの型枠資材を搬入することが２回に亘り、コストも高くなるという問題があった。 However, the reverse T-shaped concrete foundation constructed by the above-mentioned two-piece construction method takes time and effort to secure the quality because the concrete is cast twice to form the bottom plate 17 and the rising portion 18, and the number of days for foundation construction In addition, it takes time and effort to assemble and disassemble the formwork and clean the formwork used. Moreover, in order to assemble a reinforcing bar and a formwork in the field, carrying in many types of cut-out reinforcement bars and many formwork materials had the problem that cost became high for two times.
しかも、底版１７の上面に生成されたレイタンス（多孔質で脆弱な泥膜層）Ｂを取り除き、健全なコンクリート面を露出させて立ち上り部位１８を打継する必要があるが、人手不足や工期短縮によるコスト低減等のためレイタンスＢを除去せずに立ち上り部位１８を打継することが多い。その場合は底版１７と立ち上り部位１８の打継面が完全な一体化になりにくく、打継面から侵入する雨水や空気によって鉄筋が腐食・膨張して打継部の強度低下をもたらす危険性があった。そのため、特開平９−１３１７１１（参考文献１）や、特開平５−２３９８３６（参考文献２）では上記二体打ち工法の問題点を解消するため、底版と立ち上り部位を一体化させた逆Ｔ形プレキャストコンクリート基礎ブロック（以下「ＰＣコンクリート基礎ブロック」という）を予め工場で製作し、現場に搬入後、地盤上に並べて基礎を構築する工法(一体打ち工法)が提案されている。ＰＣコンクリート基礎ブロックは底版と立ち上り部位が一体成形されているため雨水や空気の侵入による鉄筋の腐食等の心配はないが、工場で製造したＰＣコンクリート基礎ブロックは大きくて重く、工場から現場まで運搬するには、大型のトラックを必要とし、しかも地盤上に並べる際にクレーンを必要とするため必ずしも施工作業の合理化に役立っているとは言い難い。 In addition, it is necessary to remove the Reitance (porous and fragile mud film layer) B generated on the upper surface of the bottom plate 17 and expose a healthy concrete surface to replace the rising portion 18, but the labor shortage and construction period shortening In many cases, the rising portion 18 is replaced without removing the reitance B for cost reduction and the like. In that case, it is difficult for the joining surface of the bottom plate 17 and the rising portion 18 to be completely integrated, and there is a risk that the rebar may be corroded and expanded by rain water or air intruding from the joining surface and the strength of the joining portion may be reduced. there were. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of the above-described two-body casting method, JP-A-9-131711 (reference document 1) and JP-A-5-239836 (reference document 2) disclose an inverted T-shape in which the bottom plate and the rising portion are integrated. A pre-cast concrete foundation block (hereinafter referred to as "PC concrete foundation block") has been manufactured in advance in a factory, and after being carried to the site, a construction method (one-piece casting method) has been proposed. The PC concrete foundation block is integrally formed with the bottom plate and the rising part, so there is no concern for corrosion of rebars due to rainwater or air intrusion, but the PC concrete foundation block manufactured in the factory is large and heavy, and it can be transported from the factory to the site In order to do this, a large truck is required, and a crane is required when laying on the ground, and it can not always be said that it helps to rationalize the construction work.
したがって、本発明の目的は、上記２つの工法の問題点を解消し、多くの作業員を必要とせず、しかも構造耐力や耐久性に優れるとともに、瞬間的破壊が生じないような靱性をもつ、安価な逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体とその施工方法を提供することである。 Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the above two methods, not to require a large number of workers, to be excellent in structural strength and durability, and to have toughness such that instantaneous failure does not occur. An inexpensive reverse T-shaped concrete foundation structure and a method of constructing the same are provided.
本発明者らは上記目的を達成するため、従来の工法について徹底的に検討した結果、底版を小型で軽いプレキャストコンクリート（以下「ＰＣ」という）とし、該ＰＣを予め工場で製作し、現場に搬入して地盤上に設置した後、底版の上面に型枠を組立て、立ち上り部位を形成する改良二体打ち工法に着目し、更に検討した結果、本発明に到達したものである。 As a result of thoroughly examining the conventional method in order to achieve the above object, the present inventors made the bottom plate small and light precast concrete (hereinafter referred to as "PC"), manufactured the PC in a factory in advance, and After carrying in and installing on the ground, the present invention was achieved as a result of further investigation focusing on the improved double-body striking method of assembling a formwork on the upper surface of the bottom plate and forming a rising portion.
すなわち第一の発明は、底版と該底版の上面に立設された立ち上り部位からなる逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体であって、中心部に上面から下面に向かって断面積が拡大する第一の貫通穴を有するプレキャストコンクリート製の底版と、その上面に立設された、該底版よりも幅狭で、かつ該底版に設けられた第一の貫通穴の上面開口と略同一幅の立ち上り部位からなり、該立ち上り部位の形成時に打設されたコンクリートが第一の貫通穴に充填されることによって、立ち上り部位と底版が一体化されるよう構成したことを特徴とする逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体である。 That is, the first invention is an inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure comprising a bottom plate and rising portions erected on the top surface of the bottom plate, and the cross-sectional area of the center portion increases from the top surface to the bottom surface. From a precast concrete bottom plate having through holes, and a rising portion which is narrower on the upper surface and narrower than the bottom plate and which has substantially the same width as the top opening of the first through hole provided on the bottom plate And the concrete placed at the time of formation of the rising portion is filled in the first through hole, whereby the rising portion and the bottom plate are integrated to form an inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure. It is.
第二の発明は、プレキャストコンクリート製の底版の両側面に、底版の上面から下面に向かって断面が縮小する溝を設け、該溝が隣接する底版に設けられた溝と底版の上面から下面に向かって断面が縮小する第二の貫通穴を形成するとともに、立ち上り部位の形成時に打設されたコンクリートが該第二の貫通穴に充填されることによって隣接する底版同士が一体化されるよう構成したことを特徴とする上記一記載の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体である。 According to the second aspect of the invention, on both sides of the bottom plate made of precast concrete, a groove whose cross section is reduced from the upper surface to the lower surface of the lower plate is provided. While forming a second through hole whose cross section is reduced toward the end, adjacent bottom plates are integrated by filling the second through hole with concrete that is placed at the time of forming the rising portion. The above-mentioned inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure, characterized in that
第三の発明は、プレキャストコンクリート製の底版の側面を貫通する洞穴が設けられ、該洞穴が隣接する底版に設けられた洞穴と連結して長い空洞を形成するとともに、立ち上り部位の形成時に打設されたコンクリートが長い空洞に充填されることによって、隣接する底版同士及び立ち上り部位と底版が一体化されるよう構成したことを特徴とする上記一乃至二記載の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体である。 In the third invention, a cave is provided through the side of a precast concrete bottom plate, the cave is connected with a cave provided in an adjacent bottom plate to form a long cavity, and is driven at the time of formation of a rising portion The inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure according to any one of the above-mentioned 1 to 2, characterized in that adjacent bottom plates and the rising portion and the bottom plate are integrated by filling the long concrete with filled concrete. .
第四の発明は、該底版用型枠の両側面を上下方向に設置してコンクリートを打設することで、レイタンスを隣接する底版と接続する一側面に生成させ、立ち上り部との打継面である底版の上面にはレイタンスが実質的に存在しないよう構成したことを特徴とする上記一乃至三記載の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体である。 In the fourth invention, by placing concrete on both sides of the bottom plate form in the vertical direction, a remittance is generated on one side connected to the adjacent bottom plate, and a joint surface with a rising portion The above-mentioned inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure according to any one of the above-mentioned 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper surface of the bottom plate is substantially free of reitance.
第五の発明は、建物の敷地範囲より広い区域内の地盤を深堀した床堀りに土砂とセメント固化材を配合して撹拌・転圧するまき出し転圧作業を複数回実施して形成された改良地盤上に上記一乃至四記載の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体が設置されたことを特徴とする免震構造である。 The fifth invention was formed by carrying out rolling and rolling compression work of mixing soil, sand and cement solidification material into a floor excavating ground in a region wider than the site area of a building, mixing and compacting with stirring and rolling several times. It is a seismic isolation structure characterized in that the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure according to any one of the above 1 to 4 is installed on the improved ground.
第六の発明は、上記五記載の改良地盤上に土砂とセメント固化材を配合して撹拌後、転圧し１５〜２０ｃｍ嵩上げするまき出し転圧作業を複数回実施して形成された盛土上に上記一乃至四記載の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体が設置されたことを特徴とする免震構造である。 The sixth invention mixes earth and sand and cement solidification material on the improved ground described in the above five, stirs, and then carries out rolling and rolling work of rolling up 15-20 cm and rolling up multiple times on the embankment formed It is a seismic isolation structure characterized in that the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure according to any one of the above 1 to 4 is installed.
第七の発明は、上記一記載の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体を構成する、上面から下面に向かって断面積が拡大する第一の貫通穴を有する複数のプレキャストコンクリート製の底版を地盤上に設置後、該底版の上面に、該底版に設けられた第一の貫通穴の上面開口と略同一幅の型枠を設置し、しかる後、該型枠内にコンクリートを打設して、型枠内と底版に設けられた第一の貫通穴に充填させて、立ち上り部位と底版を一体化させることを特徴とする逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体の施工方法である。 A seventh invention comprises, on the ground, a plurality of precast concrete bottom plates having a first through hole whose cross-sectional area increases from the upper surface to the lower surface, which constitute the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure described in the above one. After installation, a mold frame of substantially the same width as the top opening of the first through hole provided in the bottom plate is installed on the top surface of the bottom plate, and concrete is then placed in the mold frame to form a mold It is filled in the 1st through hole provided in the frame and the bottom plate, and it is a construction method of a reverse T-shaped concrete foundation structure characterized by integrating a standup part and a bottom plate.
本発明によれば、地盤上に敷設された、上面から下面に向かって断面積が拡大する第一の貫通穴を有する、レイタンスが実質的に存在しない底版の上面に、該底版に設けられた第一の貫通穴の上面開口と略同一幅の型枠を設置し、該型枠内に打設するコンクリートを立ち上り部位と第一の貫通穴に充填させて、立ち上り部位と底版を一体化させることにより、瞬間的な破壊が生じないような靱性をもつ逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体が提供できる。また第一の貫通穴は底版の上面から下面に向かって断面積が拡大しているため、第一の貫通穴に充填されたコンクリートと底版との接着が不十分であっても第一の貫通穴に充填されたコンクリート塊が底版から分離することがない。 According to the present invention, the bottom plate is provided on the top surface of the bottom plate substantially having no remittance, having a first through hole which is laid on the ground and whose cross-sectional area increases from the top surface to the bottom surface. A formwork of approximately the same width as the top opening of the first through hole is installed, and concrete to be placed in the formwork is filled in the rising portion and the first through hole, and the rising portion and the bottom plate are integrated. Thereby, it is possible to provide an inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure having such toughness that no instantaneous failure occurs. Further, since the first through hole is expanded in cross-sectional area from the upper surface to the lower surface of the bottom plate, the first through hole is obtained even if the adhesion between the concrete filled in the first through hole and the bottom plate is insufficient. The concrete block filled in the hole does not separate from the bottom plate.
第一の貫通穴を有するプレキャストコンクリート製の底版は工場で製造するため品質が安定し、かつ比較的軽量で小型のため小型トラックで現場に運搬でき、しかも底版を地盤上に施設する際にクレーンを使用する必要がなく、複数の作業員によって施設され、比較的短い工程での施工が可能である。 The precast concrete bottom plate with the first through-hole is stable in quality because it is manufactured in the factory, and can be transported to the field by a small truck because of its relatively light weight and small size, and a crane when installing the bottom plate on the ground There is no need to use and it can be installed by a plurality of workers and construction in a relatively short process is possible.
次に本発明の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体(以下「基礎構造体」という)の一実施例を図面にて説明する。図１は本発明の基礎構造体からなる戸建て住宅の基礎Ａの例であり、多数の底版１の上面に立ち上り部位２が立設された基礎構造体が地盤上に敷並べられている。
基礎構造体は地盤上に敷設された多数の底版１と、その上面に立設された立ち上り部位２から構成されている。立ち上り部位２は各底版の上面毎に一つづつ立設していても、複数の底版の上面にまとめて一つ立設してもよい。作業の簡素化のためには後者が好ましい。
Next, an embodiment of the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure (hereinafter referred to as "a foundation structure") of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of a foundation A of a detached house consisting of the foundation structure of the present invention, and a foundation structure having a rising portion 2 erected on the upper surface of many bottom plates 1 is laid on the ground.
The foundation structure is composed of a large number of bottom plates 1 laid on the ground and rising portions 2 erected on the upper surface thereof. The rising portions 2 may be provided one by one on the upper surface of each bottom plate, or may be collectively provided on the upper surfaces of a plurality of bottom plates. The latter is preferred to simplify the work.
図２は基礎構造体のＹ−Ｙ’断面図であり、プレキャスト製のコンクリートブロックからなる底版１の上面に立ち上り部位２が立設されている。底版１
には上面から下面に向かって断面積が拡大する第一の貫通穴３が設けられている。第一の貫通穴３の上面の開口４及び下面の開口５は、底版の形状により適宜選択されるが、例えば底版の幅Ｌが５６ｃｍ、長さＷが３０ｃｍ、高さ１６ｃｍの直方体では、上面の開口４は１８×１５ｃｍ、下面の開口５は２６ｃｍ×１８ｃｍである。底版１上に立設された立ち上り部位用の型枠内にコンクリートを打設すると、底版１に設けられた型枠内と第一の貫通穴３にコンクリートが充填されて立ち上り部位２と底版１が一体化される。
FIG. 2: is YY 'sectional drawing of a foundation structure, and the standup | rising part 2 stands in the upper surface of the base 1 which consists of a precast-made concrete block. Bottom plate 1
The first through hole 3 is provided in the cross-sectional area of the upper surface to the lower surface. The opening 4 on the upper surface of the first through hole 3 and the opening 5 on the lower surface are appropriately selected according to the shape of the bottom plate, but for example, in the case of a rectangular parallelepiped having a width L of 56 cm, a length W of 30 cm, and a height of 16 cm, the bottom plate The opening 4 is 18 × 15 cm, and the opening 5 on the lower surface is 26 cm × 18 cm. When concrete is cast in the formwork for the rising portion erected on the bottom plate 1, concrete is filled in the formwork provided in the bottom plate 1 and the first through hole 3 to make the rising portion 2 and the bottom plate 1 Are integrated.
図３は他の基礎構造体のＹ−Ｙ’断面図であり、この構造体を構成する底版盤１には隣接する底版を接続一体化を強化するために、底版の側面を貫通する洞穴７が設けられている。
該空洞は通常半楕円状であり、幅と高さは通常底版の幅と高さの約１／２である。多数の底版を地盤上に敷き並べると底版に設けられた洞穴が隣接する底版に設けられた洞穴と連結して長い空洞が形成される。立ち上り部位の型枠内にコンクリートを打設すると型枠内、第一の貫通穴及び長い空洞がコンクリートで充填されることによって、隣接する底版同士及び立ち上り部位と底版が強固に一体化される。
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another foundation structure taken along the line Y-Y ', and in order to strengthen the connection and integration of the adjacent bottom plate to the bottom plate 1 which constitutes this structure, a cave 7 passing through the side of the bottom plate. Is provided.
The cavity is usually semi-elliptical, and the width and height are usually about half the width and height of the bottom plate. When a number of bottom plates are laid on the ground, a cave provided in the bottom plate is connected with a cave provided in the adjacent bottom plate to form a long cavity. When concrete is cast in the formwork of the rising portion, the first through hole and the long cavity are filled with concrete in the formwork, whereby the adjacent bottom plates and the rising portion and the bottom plate are firmly integrated.
図４は図３の基礎構造体を構成する底版１の側面図であり、図６は斜視図である。図７は地盤上に多数の底版１が敷設された平面図であり、図８は地盤上に多数の底版１が敷設された図７の斜視図である。また、図９は図７又は図８のＸ−Ｘ’断面図である。底版１には上面から下面に向かって断面積が拡大する第一の貫通孔３が設けられている。４は底版の上面の開口であり、５は下面の開口である。 FIG. 4 is a side view of the bottom plate 1 constituting the foundation structure of FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view. FIG. 7 is a plan view in which a large number of bottom plates 1 are laid on the ground, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view of FIG. 7 in which a large number of bottom plates 1 are laid on the ground. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X 'of FIG. 7 or FIG. The bottom plate 1 is provided with a first through hole 3 whose cross-sectional area is expanded from the upper surface to the lower surface. 4 is an opening of the upper surface of the bottom plate, and 5 is an opening of the lower surface.
また、隣接する底版との接続部での構造耐力の低下を防止するため、側面には底版の上面開口幅より幅狭で、上面から下面に向かって断面が縮小する深さ約４ｃｍの溝６’を設けることが好ましい。この溝６’は多数の底版１を地盤上に並べたときに、隣接する溝６’の間で底版の上面から下面に向かって断面が縮小する第二の貫通孔６を形成する。立ち上り部位用の型枠内にコンクリートを打設すると、コンクリートが第一の貫通孔３、底版間を貫通する洞穴７及び第二の貫通孔６’に充填されるため底版同士及び立ち上り部位と底版を強固に一体化することができる。その際、図５の詳細図に示すように第一の貫通穴３の開口端部での応力支圧面Ｐの破断耐久を持たせるためハンチ（断面増加部分）を設けることが好ましい。ハンチは、立上り部位の横方向応力（両方面、地震時等）に対して有効である。 ２２、２３は底版１と立ち上がり部位２を結合するアンカーボルトとナットである。 In addition, in order to prevent a decrease in the structural resistance at the connection with the adjacent bottom plate, the groove is narrower on the side surface than the upper surface opening width of the bottom plate, and has a depth of about 4 cm 6 It is preferable to provide '. The grooves 6 'form a second through hole 6 whose cross section decreases from the upper surface to the lower surface of the bottom plate between the adjacent grooves 6' when a number of bottom plates 1 are arranged on the ground. When concrete is cast in the formwork for the rising portion, the concrete is filled in the first through hole 3 and the cave 7 passing through the bottom plate and the second through hole 6 ′, and the bottom plates meet each other and the rising portion and the bottom plate Can be firmly integrated. At that time, as shown in the detailed view of FIG. 5, it is preferable to provide a hunting (an increase in cross section) in order to provide durability against the stress bearing surface P at the opening end of the first through hole 3. The hunting is effective against the lateral stress (both sides, earthquake, etc.) of the rising portion. Reference numerals 22 and 23 denote anchor bolts and nuts for connecting the bottom plate 1 and the rising portion 2.
底版１は通常配筋されているが、工場で製造される戸建て住宅用のプレキャストコンクリート製の底版１は、コンクリート打設時に再振動をかけて締固め作業を行うことにより、締固め圧縮強度が増加するため配筋が省略できる。ＪＩＳ工場で製造された底版１は小型トラックなどで現場に運搬され、作業員によって地盤上に敷並べられる。また底版１は工場で製造される際に、隣接する底版１との接続面（側面）が上下になるように型枠を設置してコンクリートを打設するため、レイタンスは隣接する底板と接続する底板の側面に生成するが、地盤上に並べられる底版の上面にはレイタンスが実質的に存在しない。そのため現場での面倒なレイタンス除去作業は不要である。 Although the bottom plate 1 is normally arranged, the bottom plate 1 made of precast concrete for a detached house manufactured in a factory is subjected to re-vibration at the time of placing concrete, and the compaction compressive strength is Reinforcement can be omitted because it increases. The bottom plate 1 manufactured at the JIS factory is transported to the site by a small truck or the like, and is laid on the ground by workers. In addition, when the bottom plate 1 is manufactured in a factory, the formwork is placed so that the connection surface (side surface) with the adjacent bottom plate 1 is up and down, and concrete is cast, so the remittance is connected with the adjacent bottom plate Although generated on the side of the bottom plate, substantially no reitance exists on the upper surface of the bottom plate arranged on the ground. For this reason, it is not necessary to perform laborious remittance removal work on site.
本発明の逆Ｔ字形コンクリート基礎構造体Ａは、地震による振動を緩和する安価な免震構造とすることができる。免震構造では、図１３のように建物の敷地範囲より、例えば１〜２ｍ程度広い区域内の地盤を約０．５〜１ｍの深さかき混ぜ、土砂とセメント固化材を配合して撹拌・転圧して通常Ｎ値５０以上の地盤に改良し、その改良地盤上に本発明の逆Ｔ字形コンクリート基礎構造体を設置すると地震波（Ｓ）を受圧する面が少ないために、定版１は波動を被ることが少ない。さらに、図１３のように上記改良地盤上に嵩上げ盛土土砂にセメント固化材を配合して撹拌し、転圧する作業を複数回実施して締固めて、例えば高さ４５ｃｍ以上の盛土を形成する。盛土仕上げ天端は凹凸がないように平面にして四方向に水勾配をつけて仕上げとする。その後、盛土を乾燥させないように盛土全体をプラスチックシート、例えばブルーシートなどで覆い、１週間程度の養生を施すことでまき出し強度を発現させ、盛土のＮ値が５０以上になったことを確認後、プラスチックシート１３を除去し、嵩上げ盛土上に本発明の逆Ｔ形のコンクリート基礎構造体を設置することにより免震機能を更に向上させることができる。 The inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure A of the present invention can be an inexpensive seismic isolation structure that mitigates vibrations due to earthquakes. In the seismic isolation structure, as shown in Fig. 13, for example, the ground in an area wider by about 1 to 2 m than the site area of the building is stirred at a depth of about 0.5 to 1 m, and mixed with earth and sand and cement solidified When the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure of the present invention is installed on the ground, the fixed plate 1 moves the wave because there are few surfaces that receive the seismic wave (S). Less to suffer. Further, as shown in FIG. 13, a cement solidifying material is mixed with the bulked embankment soil and stirred on the above-mentioned improved ground, and the operation of rolling is carried out a plurality of times to compact it, for example, to form an embankment of 45 cm or more in height. Embankment finish The top edge is flat and water-gradiented in four directions so that there are no irregularities. After that, cover the entire embankment with a plastic sheet, for example, a blue sheet, etc. so as not to dry the embankment, and apply the curing for about one week to develop the rolling strength and confirm that the N value of the embankment is 50 or more After that, the plastic sheet 13 is removed, and the anti-seismic function can be further improved by installing the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure of the present invention on the raised fill.
盛土上に逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体を設置した免震構造の基礎ではコンクリートの打設時に第一の貫通穴及び長い空洞に充填されたコンクリートが若干盛土に侵入するため基礎が一見盛土と一体化しているように見えるが、地震が発生すると、地震力が盛土まで伝わるため、盛土と底版を付着するコンクリートが瞬時に破断されて、盛土と基礎構造体が互いに滑ることから、基礎構造体に伝わる振動を有効に緩和することができる。更に、盛土の高さが４５ｃｍ以上であれば通常の浸水被害が免れる可能性があるため盛土は少なくとも４５ｃｍ以上、好ましくは６０ｃｍ以上の高さにして、盛土上に本発明の逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体を設ければ、建物の浸水被害も免れることができる。 In the case of a base with a base isolation structure in which an inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure is installed on the embankment, the foundation penetrates into the embankment apparently because some concrete filled in the first through hole and long cavity intrudes into the embankment when placing concrete. Although it seems to be disorganized, when an earthquake occurs, since the seismic force is transmitted to the embankment, the concrete adhering the embankment and the bottom plate is instantaneously broken, and the embankment and the foundation structure slip against each other, so The transmitted vibration can be effectively mitigated. Furthermore, if the height of the embankment is 45 cm or more, normal inundation damage may be avoided, and the embankment should be at least 45 cm or more, preferably 60 cm or more in height, and the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation of the present invention on the embankment If a structure is provided, the flood damage to the building can be avoided.
次に逆Ｔ形コンクリート基礎構造体の施工方法について説明する。まず、地盤を整正して締固めた後、改良地盤上に、上端から下端に向かって断面積が拡大する第一の貫通穴３を有する複数のプレキャストコンクリート製の底版１を敷並べる（図７及び図８参照）。 Next, the construction method of the reverse T-shaped concrete foundation structure will be described. First, after the ground is aligned and compacted, a plurality of precast concrete bottom plates 1 having first through holes 3 whose cross-sectional area increases from the upper end to the lower end are laid on the improved ground (see FIG. 7 and 8)).
次いで底版１の上面に、該底版よりも幅狭で、かつ該底版の上面に設けられた開口上に製作した型枠８を組み立てる前に鉄筋１９を配筋する。２０は木製合板であり、２１は木製桟木である。しかる後該型枠内にコンクリートを打設して、コンクリートを型枠内と底版に設けられた第一の貫通穴に充填させて立ち上り部位２と底版１を一体化させる（図１０参照）。コンクリートが硬化すると型枠を取り除くと基礎構造体が完成する（図３参照）。その後必要であれば根入れ深さが２４ｃｍ以上となるよう土砂９を入れることにより戸建て住宅の基礎が完成する。 Next, reinforcing bars 19 are arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 before assembling the formed frame 8 on an opening narrower than the bottom plate and provided on the upper surface of the bottom plate. 20 is a wooden plywood, 21 is a wooden crosspiece. After that, concrete is cast in the formwork, and the concrete is filled in the first through holes provided in the formwork and the bottom plate to integrate the rising portion 2 and the bottom plate 1 (see FIG. 10). When the concrete hardens, the foundation structure is completed when the formwork is removed (see FIG. 3). After that, the foundation of a detached house is completed by putting earth and sand 9 so that the penetration depth will be 24 cm or more if necessary.
本発明の逆Ｔ形のコンクリート基礎構造体は住宅の基礎のほかに、逆Ｔ型のコンクリートブロックが使用される、例えば鉄塔の基礎、防波堤・防潮堤の基礎などにも適用することができる。その場合は底版や立ち上り部位の形状は用途に適した形状とすることができる。 The inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure of the present invention can be applied not only to the foundation of a house, but also to a foundation of an iron tower, a foundation of a breakwater / seawall, etc. where an inverted T-shaped concrete block is used. In that case, the shape of the bottom plate or the rising portion can be a shape suitable for the application.
１、底版
２、立ち上り部位
３、第一の貫通穴
４、底版の上面開口
５、底版の下面開口
６、第二の貫通穴
７、洞穴
８、型枠
９、土砂
１２、まき出し層
１３、プラスチックシート
１５、割栗石
１６、均しコンクリート
１７、従来の底版
１８、従来の立ち上り部位
１９、鉄筋
２０、木製合板
２１、木製桟木
２２、アンカーボルト用ナット
２３、１と３の結合用ボルト
２４、コンクリート杭
Ａ、戸建住宅の基礎
Ｂ、レイタンス
Ｃ、床掘り
Ｐ、応力支圧面
Ｌ、底版１枚の幅
Ｗ、底版１枚の長さ
1, bottom plate 2, rising portion 3, first through hole 4, bottom plate upper surface opening 5, bottom plate lower surface opening 6, second through hole 7, cave
8. Formwork 9, sediment 12, sediment layer 13, plastic sheet 15, crushed stone 16, leveling concrete 17, conventional bottom plate 18, conventional rising portion 19, reinforcing bar 20, wooden plywood 21, wooden crosspiece
22. Nuts for anchor bolts 23, Bolts 24 for joining 1 and 3 Concrete pile A, Foundation B for detached house, Reitance C, Floor digging P, Stress bearing surface L, Width W of one bottom plate, One bottom plate Length of
Claims (7)
After installing a plurality of precast concrete bottom plates having a first through hole whose cross-sectional area increases from the upper surface to the lower surface, which constitutes the inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure according to claim 1, the bottom plate A formwork of approximately the same width as the top opening of the first through hole provided in the bottom plate is placed on the top face of the bottom plate, and then concrete is cast in the formwork to form the inside of the formwork and the bottom plate A method of constructing an inverted T-shaped concrete foundation structure, characterized in that the first through hole provided is filled and the rising portion and the bottom plate are integrated.
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| JP2017074896 | 2017-04-05 | ||
| JP2017074896 | 2017-04-05 |
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| JP2018178695A true JP2018178695A (en) | 2018-11-15 |
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