JP2018169218A - Dryness measuring device and dryness measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a dryness measuring device and a dryness measuring method which can measure dryness according to a state of wet steam with improved accuracy.SOLUTION: A dryness measuring device includes: a measurement part for measuring intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected by wet steam; sensors for detecting a first flow rate of a gas phase part of the wet steam and a second flow rate of a liquid phase part of the wet steam; a measurement value correction part 101 for correcting the measured intensity or absorbance of the light on the basis of the ratio between the detected first and second flow rates; and a dryness measurement part 103 for measuring dryness of the wet steam on the basis of the corrected intensity or absorbance of the light.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a dryness measuring apparatus and a dryness measuring method.

  After the water reaches the boiling point, it becomes wet steam in which water vapor gas (gas phase portion: saturated steam) and water droplets (liquid phase portion: saturated water) are mixed. Here, the weight ratio of the water vapor gas to the wet steam is referred to as “dryness”. For example, if water vapor gas and water droplets are present in half, the dryness is 0.5. Moreover, when there is no water droplet and only water vapor gas is present, the dryness is 1.0. In the heat exchanger or the like, the dryness of the wet steam is set to 1.0 from the viewpoint of effectively utilizing the sensible heat and latent heat possessed by the wet steam, and preventing the corrosion of the turbine blade in the steam turbine. It is desired to make the state close to. Therefore, various methods for measuring the dryness have been proposed.

  In order to measure the dryness at high speed, the invention described in Patent Document 1 includes (a) a light emitter that irradiates light to wet steam, (b) a light receiving element that receives light transmitted through the wet steam, and (c) A) an environmental sensor that measures the temperature or pressure of the wet steam; and (d) a relationship storage unit that stores the relationship between the intensity of light transmitted through the wet steam and the dryness of the wet steam for each temperature or pressure; (E) Dryness measurement provided with a dryness specifying unit for specifying the dryness value of wet steam based on the measured value of light intensity by the light receiving element, the measured value of temperature or pressure by the environmental sensor, and the relationship. Relates to the device.

  The invention described in Patent Document 1 measures the wetness dryness by calculation on the theoretical premise that the wet steam flowing in the pipe is distributed at a uniform density. However, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, when the inventor has rigorously verified the relationship between the state of wet steam actually flowing through the pipe and the measured dryness, it depends on the flow rate, flow rate, etc. (state) of the wet steam. Found that there was a problem that the dryness calculated based on the state of wet steam at a specific site did not represent the proper dryness of the entire wet steam.

  For example, when the wet steam flowing through a pipe is a spray flow (a state where the liquid phase part is dispersed in the gas phase part of the wet steam), it is not affected by the wall surface of the pipe. Therefore, it is considered that the liquid phase portion and the gas phase portion have substantially the same flow rate. However, when the wet steam is in a wavy flow (a state where the vapor phase portion and the liquid phase portion of the wet steam are separated and the liquid phase portion is flowing along the wall surface), the liquid phase portion is affected by the wall surface of the pipe. Therefore, depending on the flow rate, flow rate, etc. of the wet steam, the flow rate of the liquid phase part and the gas phase part may be greatly different, and the dryness measurement may not be performed accurately.

  Therefore, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, in order to accurately measure the dryness, the flow rate and the like of each of the vapor phase portion and the liquid phase portion of the wet vapor are measured, and the measured flow velocity of the wet vapor and the like Then, the measured light intensity or absorbance is corrected, and the wet steam dryness is measured based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance.

JP2013-092457A JP, 2015-127648, A

  The invention described in Patent Document 2 corrects the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the measured wet steam flow velocity or the like. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the influence of the difference in flow rate between the liquid phase part and the gas phase part to a certain extent, but a specific method for correcting the light intensity or absorbance using the measured wet steam flow rate, etc. Yes still unknown. Therefore, it is strongly desired to more accurately measure the dryness of the wet steam by more effectively eliminating the influence of the difference in flow rate between the liquid phase portion and the gas phase portion.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a dryness measuring apparatus and a dryness measuring method capable of measuring the dryness more accurately according to the state of wet steam.

  The inventor of the present application has rigorously verified a method for effectively eliminating the influence of the difference in flow velocity between the liquid phase portion and the gas phase portion. As will be described in detail later, at least the gas phase portion of wet steam The present inventors have succeeded in finding a specific correction factor for correcting the measured light intensity or absorbance, including the ratio between the flow rate of the liquid phase and the flow rate of the liquid phase portion. Therefore, in the dryness measuring apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, the correction coefficient is used to correct the measured light intensity or absorbance, and the wet steam is dried based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance. Measure the degree. Therefore, it is possible to measure a more accurate dryness according to the state of wet steam.

  In order to solve the above problems, a dryness measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a measuring unit that measures the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam, and a gas phase portion of the wet steam. A sensor for detecting one flow rate and a second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, and the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the ratio between the detected first flow rate and the second flow rate. And a dryness measurement unit that measures the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance.

  In the dryness measurement apparatus, the measurement value correction unit corrects the measured light intensity or the absorbance based on a ratio of a molar absorption coefficient of the gas phase portion and a molar absorption coefficient of the liquid phase portion. May be.

  In order to solve the above problems, a dryness measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a measuring unit that measures the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam, the pressure of the wet steam, and the wetness. A recording unit that records the ratio of the first flow rate of the vapor phase portion of the vapor and the second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet vapor in association with each other; a sensor that detects the pressure of the wet vapor; Based on the ratio related to pressure, a measured value correction unit that corrects the measured light intensity or absorbance, and the wet steam dryness based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance. A dryness measuring unit for measuring.

  In order to solve the above problems, a dryness measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a measuring unit that measures the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam, the temperature of the wet steam, and the wetness. A recording unit that records the ratio of the first flow rate of the vapor phase portion of the vapor and the second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, the sensor that detects the temperature of the wet vapor, and the detected Based on the ratio related to temperature, a measured value correction unit that corrects the measured light intensity or absorbance, and the wet steam dryness based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance. A dryness measuring unit for measuring.

  In order to solve the above problems, a dryness measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of measuring the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam, and a first gas phase portion of the wet steam. Based on the step of detecting the flow rate and the second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, and the ratio of the detected first flow rate and the second flow rate, the measured light intensity or the absorbance is obtained. Correcting, and measuring the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or the absorbance.

  In order to solve the above problems, a dryness measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of measuring intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam, the pressure of the wet steam, and the wet steam. A step of associating and recording a ratio of a first flow rate of the gas phase portion and a second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, detecting a pressure of the wet steam, and detecting the pressure Correcting the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the associated ratio; measuring the wet steam dryness based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance; and including.

  In order to solve the above problems, a dryness measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of measuring the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam, the temperature of the wet steam, and the wet steam. A step of associating and recording a ratio of a first flow rate of the vapor phase portion and a second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, detecting a temperature of the wet vapor, and detecting the detected temperature. Correcting the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the associated ratio, and measuring the wet steam dryness based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance; including.

  According to the present invention, a more accurate dryness according to the state of wet steam can be measured.

It is a schematic diagram of the dryness measuring apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram showing an example of a sectional view of piping concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. The ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the dryness of the wet steam, the velocity Vw and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion It is a graph which shows the relationship with ratio with the flow velocity Vv. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the dryness measurement process which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the dryness measuring apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Graph showing the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam according to a second embodiment of the present invention, the dryness of the wet steam, and pressure of wet steam, the relationship It is. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the dryness measurement process which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the dryness measuring apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Graph showing the ratio of the third absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam according to an embodiment of the present invention, the dryness of the wet steam, and the temperature of the wet steam, the relationship It is.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below is merely an example, and there is no intention to exclude various modifications and technical applications that are not explicitly described below. In other words, the present invention can be implemented with various modifications (combining the embodiments, etc.) without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. The drawings are schematic and do not necessarily match actual dimensions and ratios. In some cases, the dimensional relationships and ratios may be different between the drawings.

(Definition)
The main terms used in this specification are defined as follows.
“Vapor”: In each embodiment, it means water vapor, but it is not limited to water vapor as long as it is a vapor of a substance that is in a two-phase state of a gas phase portion and a liquid phase portion.
“Dryness”: Refers to the weight ratio of the gas phase portion in the steam. There is a relationship of dryness [%] = 100 [%] − wetness [%].
“Wet steam”: refers to steam having a dryness X of 0 to 100%.
“Saturated steam”: refers to the gas phase portion of wet steam. Also called dry saturated steam (saturated dry steam).
“Saturated water”: refers to the liquid phase of wet steam.
“Light intensity” (light intensity): A physical quantity indicating the intensity of light (electromagnetic wave), and there is no limitation on its name or unit. For example, these are physical quantities that are mutually different but can be converted into each other, such as radiation intensity, luminous intensity, and photon flux density.
“Absorbance”: A dimensionless amount indicating how much light intensity is weakened when light passes through wet steam, and is also called optical density. Absorbance includes not only the absorption of light but also the case where the intensity of light is weakened by scattering and reflection.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dryness measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the dryness measuring apparatus 1A includes, for example, a light emitting unit 11, a light receiving unit 12 (measurement unit), flow velocity sensors 30A and 30B (sensors), and a computer device 100. Is done. The computer apparatus 100 includes a measurement value correction unit 101 and a dryness measurement unit 103 as functional blocks that are functionally realized by executing a predetermined software program.

  The light emitting unit 11 is a light emitting unit that emits light having a predetermined wavelength. For example, as the light emitting unit 11, a light emitting diode, a super luminescent diode, a semiconductor laser, a laser oscillator, a fluorescent discharge tube, a low pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a light bulb, and the like can be used.

  For example, an incident side tube 21 is connected to the light emitting unit 11. The incident side tube 21 is provided through the side wall of the pipe 20 and is connected to a light transmissive glass window 41 provided on the side wall of the pipe 20. The light propagated by the incident side tube 21 enters the pipe 20 along the optical path L. The incident side tube 21 can be made of a plastic optical fiber made of polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA: Poly (methymethacrylate)), a glass optical fiber made of quartz glass, or the like. It is not limited to this as long as light can propagate.

  The pipe 20 is a pipe through which wet steam to be measured flows. Connected to the pipe 20 is an emission side cylinder 22 into which the light irradiated from the incident side cylinder 21 and transmitted or reflected by the wet steam inside the pipe 20 enters. The emission side tube 22 is provided through the side wall of the pipe 20 and is connected to a light transmissive glass window 42 provided on the side wall of the pipe 20. For example, the end of the exit side tube 22 faces the end of the entrance side tube 21 in the radial direction of the pipe 20. The exit side tube 22 is configured to be able to guide the light transmitted through or reflected from the wet vapor inside the pipe 20 along the light path L through the glass window 42 of the pipe 20 to the light receiving unit 12.

  The light emitting unit 11 may be provided close to the side wall of the pipe 20 without providing the incident side tube 21, or the light receiving unit 12 may be provided close to the side wall of the pipe 20 without providing the emission side tube 22. Good.

  The light receiving unit 12 is a measuring unit that receives light transmitted through or reflected from the wet vapor in the pipe 20 and measures at least one of light intensity and absorbance. For example, as the light receiving unit 12, a photoelectric conversion element such as a photodiode or a phototransistor can be used. The light receiving unit 12 outputs a light intensity signal Sd corresponding to the intensity of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam to the computer apparatus 100. In addition, as the light receiving unit 12, an optical measuring device such as a spectrophotometer that can obtain an output corresponding to at least one of light intensity and absorbance can be applied. In this case, the spectrophotometer outputs an absorbance signal Sa corresponding to the absorbance of the light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam to the computer apparatus 100.

When a spectrophotometer is used as the light receiving unit 12, specifically, the spectrophotometer calculates the absorbance based on the intensity of the light that transmits or reflects the wet steam and outputs it as the absorbance signal Sa. Here, the absorbance A is defined as Equation 1 where I ₀ is the incident light intensity and I is the intensity of the received light.
(Formula 1)

Absorbance A = −log ₁₀ (I / I ₀ )

From the above, if the intensity of light passing through the wet steam can be measured, the absorbance A is uniquely specified.

  Instead of causing the light receiving unit 12 to output the absorbance A, the computer apparatus 100 may be configured to input the light intensity signal Sd including the light intensity and calculate the absorbance A based on Equation 1.

  In the present embodiment, only one light receiving unit 12 is provided, but there may be two or more light receiving units 12, and the number of light receiving units 12 is not particularly limited. Furthermore, any configuration can be applied to the light receiving unit 12 as long as it can output a physical quantity corresponding to the intensity of light that transmits or reflects wet steam.

  The flow velocity sensors 30A and 30B (sensors) are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pipe 20, respectively. The flow velocity sensor 30A detects the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion of the wet steam in the pipe 20, and outputs it to the computer device 100 as a flow velocity signal SFVv. The flow rate sensor 30B detects the flow rate Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam and outputs it to the computer device 100 as a flow rate signal SFVw. Further, the flow velocity sensor 30A or the flow velocity sensor 30B detects the flow velocity of one phase of the liquid phase portion and the vapor phase portion of the wet steam, and can obtain the flow velocity of the other phase by calculation based on the detection result. It may be configured.

  The measurement value correction unit 101 is a correction unit that corrects at least one of the intensity and absorbance of light transmitted or reflected from the measurement target wet steam. For example, the measurement value correcting unit 101 inputs at least one of the light intensity signal Sd and the absorbance signal Sa output from the light receiving unit 12. Based on the correction coefficient α generated based on the flow velocity signals SFVv and SFVw, the intensity of the light transmitted or reflected by the wet steam based on the light intensity signal Sd output by the light receiving unit 12 is corrected. Further, based on the correction coefficient α generated based on the flow velocity signals SFVv and SFVw output from the flow velocity sensors 30A and 30B, the light transmitted or reflected by the wet steam based on the absorbance signal Sa output by the light receiving unit 12 is obtained. Correct the absorbance. Hereinafter, a method for calculating the correction coefficient α will be specifically described.

The dryness X of the wet steam can be described as a relational expression such as Expression 2 below using, for example, the mass flow rate m _v of the gas phase portion and the mass flow rate m _w of the liquid phase portion.
(Formula 2)

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional view of a pipe according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The above equation 2, the height h of the pipe 20 shown in FIG. 2, the inner width w of the pipe 20, the thickness t _w of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam, in addition, the gas phase portion of the wet steam It is derived as a relational expression such as the following Expression 3 using the flow velocity Vv, the liquid phase portion Vw, the gas phase portion density ρ _v, and the liquid phase portion density ρ _w .
(Formula 3)

The above equation 3 can be expressed by the following equation 4 using the absorbance a _w of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, the molar extinction coefficient ε _w of the liquid phase portion, and the molar concentration c _w of the liquid phase portion.
(Formula 4)

With further the molar concentration c _v of the gas phase portion of the wet steam above formula 4 is represented by the following formula 5, the formula 5 is organized as shown in Equation 6.
(Formula 5)
(Formula 6)

Here, in the formula 6, to represent the molar concentration c _v of the gas phase portion of the wet steam with the absorbance a _v of the gas phase portion of the wet steam, the following formula 7 is obtained, the formula 7 as Equation 8 Can be organized.
(Formula 7)
(Formula 8)

As shown in Equation 8, the dryness X of the humid steam, the ratio between the absorbance a _w absorbance a _v and a liquid phase portion of the gaseous phase of the wet steam, the molar absorption coefficient epsilon _v and a liquid phase of the gaseous phase It is described by an equation including the ratio of the molar extinction coefficient ε _w of the portion and the ratio of the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion and the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion. Here, the absorbance of wet steam and the intensity of light are shown by the relational expression shown in Equation 1. Therefore, the correction coefficient α for correcting the measured light intensity or absorbance is the ratio of the molar absorption coefficient ε _v of the gas phase portion to the molar absorption coefficient ε _w of the liquid phase portion, and the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion. And the ratio of the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion can be found as Equation 9.
(Formula 9)
Correction coefficient α = (ε _v / ε _w ) × (Vw / Vv)

3, the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the dryness of the wet steam, and the flow rate Vw of the liquid-phase portion It is a graph which shows the relationship with ratio with the flow velocity Vv of a gaseous-phase part. As is clear from the above equation 8, and the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam, there is a correlation between the dryness of the wet steam. The present inventors have studied a specific the correlation, and the dryness X of wet steam, the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam, during the It was found that there is a correlation as shown in FIG. 3 corresponding to the ratio between the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion.

Returning to FIG. 1, the dryness measurement unit 103 is a measurement unit that measures the dryness of the wet steam based on the light intensity or absorbance corrected by the measurement value correction unit 101. For example, the dryness of the wet steam can be described as a relational expression such as Expression 10 below using the light intensity IV of the gas phase portion and the light intensity IW of the liquid phase portion. Further, the dryness can be described as a relational expression such as Expression 11 below using the light absorbance AV of the gas phase portion and the light absorbance AW of the liquid phase portion.
(Formula 10)
Dryness X = IV / (IV + IW)

(Formula 11)
Dryness X = AV / (AV + AW)

On the other hand, the dryness after correction of the light intensity measured by the light receiving unit 12 includes the light intensity IV of the gas phase portion, the light intensity IW of the liquid phase portion, and the flow velocity output from the flow velocity sensors 30A and 30B. Using the correction coefficient α generated based on the signals SFVv and SFVw, it can be described as a relational expression such as Expression 12 below. The dryness after the correction of the light absorbance measured by the light receiving unit 12 is expressed by the following equation 13 using the light absorbance AV of the gas phase portion, the light absorbance AW of the liquid phase portion, and the correction coefficient α. It can be described as a relational expression such as
(Formula 12)
Dryness X ′ = IV / (IV + α · IW)

(Formula 13)
Dryness X ′ = AV / (AV + α · AW)

  Therefore, when using Equation 12, the dryness measurement unit 103 substitutes the light intensity of the gas phase portion, the light intensity of the liquid phase portion, and the correction coefficient α, and determines the dryness according to the flow rate of the wet steam. X ′ can be obtained. In addition, when Equation 13 is used, the dryness measurement unit 103 substitutes the light absorbance of the gas phase portion, the light absorbance of the liquid phase portion, and the correction coefficient α, and the dryness according to the wet steam flow rate. X ′ can be obtained.

(Dryness measurement process)
The dryness measurement process according to the first embodiment will be described.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of dryness measurement processing according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

(Step S1)
First, as shown in FIG. 1, when measuring the dryness of the wet steam in a state where the wet steam is flowing inside the pipe 20, the light emitting unit 11 emits light. The light propagated from the light emitting unit 11 through the incident side tube 21 is applied to the wet steam inside the pipe 20. The light transmitted or reflected by the wet steam enters the exit side tube 22 and propagates. Next, the light receiving unit 12 receives the light emitted from the emission side tube 22 and measures at least one of the light intensity and the absorbance. Next, the light receiving unit 12 outputs a light intensity signal Sd corresponding to the intensity of light transmitted or reflected by the wet steam. In addition, the light receiving unit 12 outputs an absorbance signal Sa corresponding to the absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam to the computer apparatus 100.

(Step S3)
The flow velocity sensors 30A and 30B detect the flow velocity Vv of the vapor phase portion of the wet steam in the pipe 20 and the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion. The flow rate sensors 30A and 30B output the flow rate signals SFVv and SFVw corresponding to the flow rates Vv and Vw to the computer device 100.

(Step S5)
The measurement value correcting unit 101 inputs at least one of the light intensity signal Sd and the absorbance signal Sa output from the light receiving unit 12. Further, flow velocity signals SFVv and SFVw output from the flow velocity sensors 30A and 30B are input. The measured value correction unit 101 then wets based on the light intensity signal Sd output by the light receiving unit 12 based on the correction coefficient α generated based on the flow rate signals SFVv and SFVw output from the flow rate sensors 30A and 30B. Corrects the intensity of light transmitted or reflected by the vapor. The measured value correction unit 101 also includes wet steam based on the absorbance signal Sa output from the light receiving unit 12 based on the correction coefficient α generated based on the flow rate signals SFVv and SFVw output from the flow rate sensors 30A and 30B. The absorbance of the light transmitted or reflected through is reflected.

(Step S7)
The dryness measurement unit 103 measures the dryness of the wet steam based on the intensity or absorbance of the light that has been transmitted or reflected through the wet steam, corrected by the measurement value correction unit 101.

  In this embodiment, instead of detecting the flow velocity, it is also possible to detect the flow rate and correct the light intensity or absorbance based on the correction coefficient including the flow rate ratio. However, in general, in the flow rate measurement, a single-phase flow of only wet gas phase or liquid phase is a measurement target. Therefore, normally, when detecting the flow rate of the wet steam which is a two-phase flow, it is necessary to separate the wet steam using a separator or the like and measure each separated. On the other hand, when detecting the flow rate of the wet steam that is a two-phase flow, by using a plurality of thermal sensors, etc., the flow rate of the gas phase part of the wet steam is detected with one sensor arranged on the upper side of the pipe, The flow rate of the liquid phase part of the wet steam can be detected by another sensor. Thus, the detection of the flow rate of the wet steam does not require a separator or the like that separates the vapor phase portion and the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, and has an advantage that the wet steam state is not adversely affected.

(Second Embodiment)
In the second embodiment, the pressure of the wet steam and the ratio of the flow velocity Vv (first flow velocity) of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vw (second flow velocity) of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam are related in advance. Record and correct the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the above ratio related to the actual detected wet steam pressure, and wet steam dryness based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance The present invention relates to a dryness measuring apparatus that measures the temperature. Below, a different point from 1st Embodiment is demonstrated especially.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dryness measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the dryness measuring apparatus 1 </ b> B according to the second embodiment further includes a recording unit 200 connected to the computer apparatus 100. The recording unit 200 associates at least the pressure information PI indicating the pressure of the wet steam with the ratio information RI indicating the ratio between the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam. Record. The pressure information PI may include the pressure of the wet steam in an ideal state that does not consider the resistance in the pipe 20 or the like, or may include the pressure of the vapor phase portion and the pressure of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, respectively. Good.

6, the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam according to a second embodiment of the present invention, the dryness of the wet steam, and pressure of wet steam, the It is a graph which shows a relationship. The recording unit 200 shown in FIG. 5, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the pressure of the wet steam is made to correspond to the size, the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam A plurality of correlations between the ratio and the wet steam dryness or the correction coefficient are recorded as a data table. A plurality of correlation, the humid steam dryness fraction measuring device 1B is assumed, the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam per pressure wet steam, humid The relationship between the dryness of steam or the correction coefficient is illustrated. The measured value correction unit 101 shown in FIG. 1 refers to the correlation shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6, for example, and detects the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase part of the wet steam and the gas phase part from the detected pressure of the wet steam. A ratio with the flow velocity Vv is calculated. Since there is a correlation between the pressure of the wet steam and the ratio between the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion, the recording unit 200 includes the pressure of the wet steam. A plurality of correlations between the ratio of the flow rate Vw of the liquid phase part of the wet steam and the flow rate Vv of the gas phase part and the dryness or correction coefficient of the wet steam corresponding to the magnitude are recorded as a data table. Also good.

  The dryness measuring device 1B detects the pressure of wet steam instead of or in addition to the flow rate sensors 30A, 30B of the dryness measurement device 1A according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The pressure sensor 32 is provided. For example, the pressure sensor 32 detects the pressure of the wet steam in an ideal state without considering the resistance in the pipe 20 and outputs the pressure signal SP to the computer apparatus 100 as a pressure signal SP corresponding to the detected pressure. Further, like the flow rate sensors 30A and 30B shown in FIG. 1, the pressure sensor 32 may include a plurality of pressure sensors, and each sensor detects the pressure of the vapor phase portion and the pressure of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, respectively. Then, a pressure signal corresponding to each pressure may be output to the computer apparatus 100. Furthermore, the pressure sensor 32 is configured to detect the pressure of one phase of the liquid phase portion and the gas phase portion of the wet steam and obtain the pressure of the other phase by calculation based on the detection result. May be.

  The measured value correcting unit 101 is based on the correction coefficient β generated based on the pressure signal SP, and the intensity of the light transmitted or reflected by the wet steam based on the light intensity signal Sd or the absorbance signal Sa output from the light receiving unit 12. Alternatively, the absorbance is corrected.

(Dryness measurement process)
A dryness measurement process according to the second embodiment will be described.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of dryness measurement processing according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

(Step S11)
As shown in FIG. 1, the light receiving unit 12 receives light emitted from the emission side tube 22 and measures at least one of light intensity and absorbance. Next, the light receiving unit 12 outputs a light intensity signal Sd corresponding to the intensity of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam, or an absorbance signal Sa corresponding to the absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam. Output to 100.

(Step S13)
The recording unit 200 shown in FIG. 5 includes at least pressure information PI indicating the pressure of the wet steam, ratio information RI indicating the ratio of the flow velocity Vv of the vapor phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam. , Are recorded in association with each other.

(Step S15)
The pressure sensor 32 detects the pressure of the wet steam in the pipe 20. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the pressure sensor 32 outputs the pressure signal SP corresponding to the detected pressure to the computer apparatus 100. The measurement value correcting unit 101 inputs at least one of the light intensity signal Sd and the absorbance signal Sa output from the light receiving unit 12. Further, the pressure signal SP output from the pressure sensor 32 is input. And the measured value correction | amendment part 101 is based on the light intensity signal Sd output from the light-receiving part 12, or the light absorbency signal Sa based on the correction coefficient (beta) produced | generated based on the pressure signal SP output from the pressure sensor 32. Correct the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam.

(Step S17)
The dryness measurement unit 103 measures the dryness of the wet steam based on the intensity or absorbance of the light that has been transmitted or reflected through the wet steam, corrected by the measurement value correction unit 101.

(Third embodiment)
In the third embodiment, the temperature of the wet steam and the ratio of the flow velocity Vv (first flow velocity) of the vapor phase portion of the wet vapor and the flow velocity Vw (second flow velocity) of the liquid phase portion of the wet vapor are recorded in association with each other. The measured light intensity or absorbance is corrected based on the above ratio related to the actually detected wet steam temperature, and the wet steam dryness is calculated based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance. The present invention relates to a dryness measuring apparatus for measuring. In the following, differences from the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be particularly described.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a dryness measuring apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the dryness measuring apparatus 1 </ b> C according to the third embodiment further includes a recording unit 200 connected to the computer apparatus 100. The recording unit 200 associates at least the temperature information TI indicating the temperature of the wet steam with the ratio information RI indicating the ratio between the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam. Record. The temperature information TI may include the temperature of the wet steam in an ideal state that does not consider the resistance in the pipe 20 or the like, or may include the temperature of the vapor phase portion and the temperature of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, respectively. Good.

9, the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam according to a third embodiment of the present invention, the dryness of the wet steam, and the temperature of the wet steam, the It is a graph which shows a relationship. Since it is known that there is a correlation between the pressure and temperature of the wet steam, the recording unit 200 shown in FIG. 8 corresponds to the temperature of the wet steam as shown in FIG. It was, and the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam, and the dryness or the correction factor of wet steam, a plurality of correlation may be recorded as a data table . A plurality of correlation, the humid steam dryness fraction measuring device 1C is assumed, the ratio between the absorbance a _v absorbance a _w and the gas phase portion of the liquid-phase portion of the wet steam per temperature wet steam, humid The relationship between the dryness of steam or the correction coefficient is illustrated. The measured value correction unit 101 shown in FIG. 1 refers to, for example, the correlation shown in FIGS. 3 and 9, and detects the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase part of the wet steam and the gas phase part from the detected temperature of the wet steam. A ratio with the flow velocity Vv is calculated. Since there is a correlation between the temperature of the wet steam and the ratio between the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion, the recording unit 200 includes the temperature of the wet steam. A plurality of correlations between the ratio of the flow rate Vw of the liquid phase part of the wet steam and the flow rate Vv of the gas phase part and the dryness or correction coefficient of the wet steam corresponding to the magnitude are recorded as a data table. Also good.

  The dryness measuring apparatus 1C includes a temperature sensor 34 that detects the temperature of wet steam instead of the pressure sensor 32 of the dryness measuring apparatus 1B according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. For example, the temperature sensor 34 detects the temperature of the wet steam in an ideal state in the pipe 20 and outputs the temperature signal ST to the computer apparatus 100 as a temperature signal ST corresponding to the detected temperature. Further, like the flow rate sensors 30A and 30B shown in FIG. 1, the temperature sensor 34 may include a plurality of temperature sensors, and each sensor detects the temperature of the vapor phase portion and the temperature of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam, respectively. Then, a temperature signal corresponding to each temperature may be output to the computer apparatus 100. Further, the temperature sensor 34 is configured to detect the temperature of one phase of the liquid phase portion and the gas phase portion of the wet steam and obtain the temperature of the other phase by calculation based on the detection result. May be.

(effect)
According to the first embodiment described above, a specific correction for correcting the measured light intensity or absorbance including at least the ratio of the flow rate of the vapor phase portion of the wet steam to the flow rate of the liquid phase portion. The coefficient is used to correct the measured light intensity or absorbance, and the wet steam dryness is measured based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance. Therefore, it is possible to measure a more accurate dryness according to the state of wet steam.

  According to the second embodiment described above, the pressure of the wet steam and the ratio of the flow velocity Vv of the vapor phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam are recorded in advance in association with each other. The measured light intensity or absorbance is corrected based on the ratio related to the detected wet steam pressure, and the wet steam dryness is measured based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance. Therefore, it is not necessary to actually detect the flow rate of the wet steam, and a more accurate dryness according to the flow rate of the wet steam can be measured.

  According to the third embodiment described above, the temperature of the wet steam and the ratio between the flow velocity Vv of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and the flow velocity Vw of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam are recorded in advance in association with each other. The measured light intensity or absorbance is corrected based on the ratio related to the detected wet steam temperature, and the wet steam dryness is measured based on the corrected light intensity or absorbance. Therefore, it is not necessary to actually detect the flow rate of the wet steam, and a more accurate dryness according to the flow rate of the wet steam can be measured.

(Other embodiments)
Each of the above embodiments is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed / improved (for example, by combining the embodiments, omitting a part of the configuration of each embodiment) without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof. It is.

1A, 1B, 1C: Dryness measuring device, 11: light emitting unit, 12: light receiving unit, 20: piping, 21: incident side tube, 22: exit side tube, 30A, 30B: flow rate sensor, 32: pressure sensor, 34 : Temperature sensor, 41, 42: Glass window, 100: Computer device, 101: Measurement value correction unit, 103: Dryness measurement unit, 200: Recording unit

Claims (7)

A measurement unit that measures the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam;
A sensor for detecting a first flow rate of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and a second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam;
A measurement value correction unit that corrects the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the ratio between the detected first flow rate and the second flow rate;
A dryness measurement unit that measures the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or the absorbance, and
Dryness measuring device. The measured value correction unit corrects the measured light intensity or the absorbance based on the ratio of the molar extinction coefficient of the gas phase portion and the molar extinction coefficient of the liquid phase portion.
The dryness measuring apparatus according to claim 1. A measurement unit that measures the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam;
A recording unit that records the pressure of the wet steam in association with the ratio of the first flow rate of the gas phase part of the wet steam and the second flow rate of the liquid phase part of the wet steam;
A sensor for detecting the pressure of the wet steam;
A measured value correction unit that corrects the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the ratio associated with the detected pressure;
A dryness measurement unit that measures the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or the absorbance, and
Dryness measuring device. A measurement unit that measures the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through wet steam;
A recording unit that records the temperature of the wet steam in association with the ratio of the first flow rate of the gas phase part of the wet steam and the second flow rate of the liquid phase part of the wet steam;
A sensor for detecting the temperature of the wet steam;
A measured value correction unit that corrects the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the ratio associated with the detected temperature;
A dryness measurement unit that measures the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or the absorbance, and
Dryness measuring device. Measuring the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam;
Detecting a first flow rate of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and a second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam;
Correcting the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the ratio of the detected first flow rate to the second flow rate;
Measuring the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or the absorbance.
Dryness measurement method. Measuring the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam;
Correlating and recording the pressure of the wet steam and the ratio of the first flow rate of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and the second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam;
Detecting the pressure of the wet steam;
Correcting the measured light intensity or absorbance based on the ratio associated with the detected pressure;
Measuring the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or the absorbance.
Dryness measurement method. Measuring the intensity or absorbance of light transmitted or reflected through the wet steam;
Recording the temperature of the wet steam in association with the ratio of the first flow rate of the gas phase portion of the wet steam and the second flow rate of the liquid phase portion of the wet steam;
Detecting the temperature of the wet steam;
Correcting the measured light intensity or the absorbance based on the ratio associated with the detected temperature;
Measuring the dryness of the wet steam based on the corrected light intensity or the absorbance.
Dryness measurement method.