JP2018139548A - Breeding method - Google Patents
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- JP2018139548A JP2018139548A JP2017036616A JP2017036616A JP2018139548A JP 2018139548 A JP2018139548 A JP 2018139548A JP 2017036616 A JP2017036616 A JP 2017036616A JP 2017036616 A JP2017036616 A JP 2017036616A JP 2018139548 A JP2018139548 A JP 2018139548A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000269838 Thunnus thynnus Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000276699 Seriola Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001417495 Serranidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000004634 feeding behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000282373 Panthera pardus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001600434 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000026438 poor feeding Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は魚類の飼育方法に関するもので、特に難種苗生産魚種をふ化させてから稚魚になるまでの間の飼育方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a fish breeding method, and more particularly to a breeding method from hatching a difficult-to-seedling production fish species until it becomes a fry.
マグロ類、ブリ類、ハタ類等は難種苗生産魚種と称され、それらの養殖における発生初期の飼育が困難で、産業規模の大量生産が十分になされていない。例えば、従来方式では、成功例でも20tの水槽に10万尾程度の卵を収容し、飼育10日目で0.5〜3万尾程度(生残率5〜30%)の仔魚が生産されるにすぎなかった。これらの魚種では、発生初期の摂餌が飼育環境よって大きく変化することが知られており、大量生産のためには、摂餌環境の改善が必要である。 Tuna, yellowtails, groupers and the like are called difficult-to-seedling-producing fish species, which are difficult to cultivate in the early stages of their cultivation and are not sufficiently mass-produced on an industrial scale. For example, in the conventional system, even in a successful example, about 100,000 eggs are housed in a 20-ton water tank, and about 0.5 to 30,000 larvae (survival rate 5 to 30%) are produced on the 10th day of breeding. It was nothing more than In these fish species, it is known that feeding at an early stage of development varies greatly depending on the breeding environment. For mass production, it is necessary to improve the feeding environment.
一方、魚類の摂餌には、色調や光が影響することが知られている。特許文献1には、魚類の養殖における摂餌性を向上させるために、飼料に青色系、白色系の摂餌を誘引する色とすることが提案されている。また、特許文献2には、マグロの摂餌行動を誘引するために、飼料に490〜640nmを波長とする光を反射または発する領域の色で飼料を着色することが提案されている。 On the other hand, it is known that color tone and light affect fish feeding. Patent Document 1 proposes a color that attracts blue-type and white-type feed to feed in order to improve feeding ability in fish culture. Patent Document 2 proposes coloring the feed with a color of a region that reflects or emits light having a wavelength of 490 to 640 nm in order to induce tuna feeding behavior.
また特許文献3には、マグロ類仔魚を、波長として460〜610nmの緑色を含むLED光で飼育する方法、および、ブリ類仔魚を、波長として530〜750nmの赤色を含むLED光で飼育する方法が開示されている。 Patent Document 3 discloses a method of breeding tuna larvae with LED light containing green having a wavelength of 460 to 610 nm, and a method of breeding yellowtail larvae with LED light containing red having a wavelength of 530 to 750 nm. Is disclosed.
様々な魚の種苗生産では、ふ化して数日後からワムシ等の動物プランクトン等を餌として与える。しかし、卵質、環境の影響等で摂餌不良を起こし、結果成長不良や生存率の低下を引き起こすことが多い。 In the seed production of various fish, zooplankton such as rotifer is fed as food for several days after hatching. However, it often causes poor feeding due to the influence of egg quality and environment, resulting in poor growth and decreased survival rate.
また、多くの海産魚はふ化して間もない頃に水面で空気を飲み込み、浮き袋(鰾:ヒョウ)を開腔させる。これに失敗すると数か月後に奇形が高頻度で発生し、生産効率が著しく低下する。 In addition, many marine fish will soon inhale and swallow air at the surface of the water to open the floats (leopards). If this fails, malformations will occur frequently after several months and production efficiency will be significantly reduced.
上記の特許文献1乃至3は、魚の飼育に光を用いることは開示されているが、ふ化して間もない仔魚に対する上記の課題については開示されていない。ただし、特許文献3は3〜9日齢の仔魚について生存率を調べた結果を報告している。しかし、使用した光は可視光の範囲のものであった。 Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above disclose that light is used for breeding fish, but do not disclose the above-described problems with larvae that have just hatched. However, patent document 3 has reported the result of having investigated the survival rate about 3-9 day-old larvae. However, the light used was in the visible light range.
本発明は上記の課題に鑑みて想到されたものであり、従来知られているより効率よく摂餌量を高めることができる飼育方法を提供するものである。 The present invention has been conceived in view of the above-described problems, and provides a breeding method capable of increasing the amount of food intake more efficiently than conventionally known.
より具体的に本発明に係る飼育方法は、
難種苗生産魚種の仔魚に対して紫外線を照射することを特徴とする。
More specifically, the breeding method according to the present invention includes:
It is characterized by irradiating ultraviolet rays to larvae of difficult-to-seedling production fish species.
また、本発明に係る飼育方法は、
難種苗生産魚種の仔魚に対して紫外線を照射することを特徴とする飼育方法であって、
400〜560nmの青・緑色光を一定期間照射することを特徴とする。
Moreover, the breeding method according to the present invention includes:
A breeding method characterized by irradiating ultraviolet rays to larvae of difficult-to-seedling production fish species,
400-560 nm blue / green light is irradiated for a certain period.
難種苗生産魚種の仔魚は、紫外線を照射することで、摂餌行動を促進される。したがって、ふ化後の日齢の若いうちは、紫外線を照射して飼育することで摂餌量が増え、早く大きく育てることができる。 The larvae of difficult-to-seedling-producing fish species are promoted for feeding behavior by being irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Therefore, during the young days after hatching, the amount of food intake can be increased by raising the animals by irradiating them with ultraviolet rays, so that they can grow quickly and greatly.
また、仔魚の内に、400〜560nmの青・緑色光を一定期間照射することで仔魚の浮上行動を促進させることができ、生存した仔魚の鰾開腔率を高めることができる。これは数か月後の奇形発生率を低下させることに繋がり、生産効率を高めることができる。 Moreover, the larvae's floating behavior can be promoted by irradiating the larvae with 400-560 nm blue / green light for a certain period of time, and the cleaving rate of the surviving larvae can be increased. This leads to a reduction in the rate of malformation after several months, and can increase production efficiency.
以下に本発明に係る飼育方法について実施例を示し説明を行う。なお、以下の説明は、本発明の一実施形態および一実施例を例示するものであり、本発明が以下の説明に限定されるものではない。以下の説明は本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で改変することができる。 Examples of the breeding method according to the present invention will be described below. The following description exemplifies an embodiment and an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following description. The following description can be modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
本発明に係る飼育方法は、魚類の種苗生産に利用することができ、特に難種苗生産魚種と言われるマグロ類、ブリ類、ハタ類等の飼育に好適に利用することができる。 The breeding method according to the present invention can be used for fish seedling production, and can be suitably used for breeding tuna, yellowtails, groupers and the like, which are particularly difficult to produce seedlings.
本発明に係る飼育方法で対象となるのは、ふ化後15日齢までの仔魚である。もちろん、これ以後であっても適用することができる。しかし、ふ化後15日齢の仔魚を大きく飼育するのは非常に困難であったところ、本発明に係る飼育方法を適用することで、生産性は飛躍的に向上させることができる。 In the breeding method according to the present invention, larvae up to 15 days after hatching are targeted. Of course, it is applicable even after this. However, it was very difficult to rear large larvae 15 days after hatching, and by applying the rearing method according to the present invention, productivity can be dramatically improved.
本発明に係る飼育方法では紫外線を仔魚の飼育環境に照射する。照射する方法は、水面の上方から照射してもよいし、水中にライトを設置して仔魚に照射するようにしてもよい。 In the breeding method according to the present invention, ultraviolet light is irradiated to the breeding environment of larvae. The irradiation method may be from above the water surface, or a light may be installed in the water to irradiate the larvae.
紫外線はUV−A(波長315〜399nm)と、UV−B(波長280〜315nm)の範囲の両者またはどちらか一方が好適に利用することができる。この波長帯の紫外線は設備として容易に準備することができる。また、紫外線の強度は、十分に物理ろ過された透明度の極めて高い飼育水中に植物プランクトン等の物質が存在しない状況下で、自然界で照射されるレベルかそれ以下の強度(UV−Aは3〜6000kJ/m2/day、UV−Bは1〜600kJ/m2/dayの強度)が好適に利用できる。紫外線はエネルギーの強い電磁波であり、過度の照射は生体に影響を与え、また使用する人間に対して影響を及ぼすからである。もちろん、飼育水中に植物プランクトン等の物質が存在する場合には、上記の紫外線の強度よりエネルギーの高い紫外線を使用してもよい。 Ultraviolet rays can be suitably used in the range of UV-A (wavelength 315 to 399 nm) and / or UV-B (wavelength 280 to 315 nm). Ultraviolet rays in this wavelength band can be easily prepared as equipment. In addition, the intensity of the ultraviolet light is such that it is a natural irradiation level or lower (UV-A is 3 to 3) under the condition that there is no substance such as phytoplankton in the breeding water that is sufficiently physically filtered and extremely transparent. 6000 kJ / m 2 / day, and UV-B can be suitably used at an intensity of 1 to 600 kJ / m 2 / day). This is because ultraviolet rays are electromagnetic waves with strong energy, and excessive irradiation affects the living body and affects the human being used. Of course, when substances such as phytoplankton are present in the breeding water, ultraviolet rays having higher energy than the intensity of the ultraviolet rays may be used.
紫外線は単独で利用するだけでなく、他の波長の光と同時に使用してもよい。例えば、後述する実験のように、白色や黄色は、その色自体が仔魚の摂餌行動を促進させるので、同時に使用することでさらに高い効果を得ることができる。 Ultraviolet rays are not only used alone, but may be used simultaneously with light of other wavelengths. For example, as in the experiments described later, white and yellow colors themselves promote the feeding behavior of larvae, so that higher effects can be obtained by using them simultaneously.
また、本発明に係る飼育方法では、波長400〜560nmの青・緑色光を仔魚に一定期間照射する。仔魚は、この波長の光で浮上行動を誘発されることがわかった。仔魚は水面から空気を飲み込み鰾(浮き袋)の開腔を行う。つまり、仔魚の内に浮上行動を促進させ、鰾開腔率を高めておく。このようにすることで、数か月後の奇形発生の頻度を低く抑えることができる。 In the breeding method according to the present invention, the larvae are irradiated with blue / green light having a wavelength of 400 to 560 nm for a certain period. It was found that larvae were induced to float by this wavelength of light. The larvae swallow air from the surface of the water and open the cavities (floating bags). In other words, the rising behavior is promoted in the larvae and the cleavage space rate is increased. By doing in this way, the frequency of malformation after several months can be suppressed low.
魚種によって鰾の開腔日齢が異なるため、波長400〜560nmの青・緑色光は、ふ化後2〜15日目までの間で魚種に応じて1〜5日間程度を選択し、1乃至24時間程度照射するのが好ましい。 Since the open-opening age of the coral varies depending on the fish species, blue and green light with a wavelength of 400 to 560 nm is selected for 1 to 5 days depending on the fish species between 2 and 15 days after hatching. It is preferable to irradiate for about 24 hours.
なお、青・緑色光の照射については、紫外線の照射をしながら青・緑色光を照射することを妨げない。また、他の波長の光が照射光に混入することを妨げない。しかし、青・緑色光を照射する際には、青・緑色光が主となる波長となるように照射するのが望ましい。 In addition, about irradiation of blue and green light, it does not prevent irradiating with blue and green light, irradiating with an ultraviolet-ray. Moreover, it does not prevent that the light of another wavelength mixes in irradiation light. However, when irradiating blue / green light, it is desirable to irradiate the blue / green light so as to have a main wavelength.
摂餌量、浮上行動、摂餌量と成長の3点について、光の波長がどのように影響するかについてクエ仔魚とクロマグロ仔魚について調べた。以下の実験では、黄色は波長561〜600nmであり、緑色は波長480〜560nmであり、青色は400〜499nmとする。また白色は、白色LEDを用い、黒色は、光を完全に遮断したという意味である。 We investigated the effects of the wavelength of light on cucumber larvae and bluefin tuna larvae in terms of food intake, ascent behavior, food intake and growth. In the following experiment, yellow has a wavelength of 561 to 600 nm, green has a wavelength of 480 to 560 nm, and blue has a wavelength of 400 to 499 nm. White means that a white LED is used, and black means that light is completely blocked.
<1.摂餌量に及ぼす各種波長光の影響>
各種LED光を照射した8日齢のクエ仔魚にワムシを与えた。結果を表1に示す。表1は、6時間後の仔魚を数尾採取して腸管ワムシ数を計数した結果を示す。紫外線照射区と黄色光照射区で摂餌量の高まることが分かった。
<1. Effects of various wavelengths of light on food intake>
Rotifers were given to 8-day-old cucumber larvae irradiated with various LED lights. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the results of collecting several larvae after 6 hours and counting the number of intestinal rotifers. It was found that food intake increased in the ultraviolet irradiation group and the yellow light irradiation group.
各種LED光を照射した2日齢のクロマグロ仔魚にワムシを与えた。結果を表2に示す。表2は、6時間後の仔魚を数尾採取して腸管ワムシ数を計数した結果を示す。紫外線照射区と黄色光照射区で摂餌量が高まることが確認された。 Rotifers were given to 2-day-old bluefin tuna larvae irradiated with various LED lights. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the results of collecting several larvae after 6 hours and counting the number of intestinal rotifers. It was confirmed that the amount of food intake increased in the ultraviolet irradiation group and the yellow light irradiation group.
<2.浮上行動に及ぼす各種波長光の影響>
クエ仔魚は、浮袋(鰾(ヒョウ))を開腔するために水表面で空気飲み込み行動を行う。その際に水面の表面張力に捕らわれて死亡する浮上死を引き起こす。そこで、各種LED光を照射した8日齢のクエ仔魚の浮上死率を比較した。結果を表3に示す。
<2. Effects of various wavelengths of light on ascent behavior>
Cue larvae swallow air on the surface of the water to open a floating bag (leopard). At that time, levitation death is caused by being caught by the surface tension of the water surface. Therefore, the mortality of 8-day-old duckling larvae irradiated with various LED lights was compared. The results are shown in Table 3.
表3は、試験開始2時間後の浮上死率(%)を示すものである。浮上死率は、波長400〜560nmの青および緑色光で高まることが分かった。 Table 3 shows the death rate (%) after 2 hours from the start of the test. The flying mortality was found to increase with blue and green light with a wavelength of 400-560 nm.
同様の実験を2日齢のクロマグロ仔魚で実施した。結果を表4に示す。表4を参照して、浮上死率は、クエの場合同様青および緑色光で高まることが確認された。 A similar experiment was performed on 2 day old bluefin tuna larvae. The results are shown in Table 4. Referring to Table 4, it was confirmed that the buoyancy mortality increased with blue and green light as in the case of que.
これによって、波長400〜560nmの青および緑色光は、仔魚の浮上行動を促進し、鰾開腔率が高まり、奇形発生率を減少させると考えられた。つまり、浮上死率が高くても、鰾開腔率が高まり奇形発生率が減少した方が、種苗生産としてはトータルコストを低く抑えられるということである。 Thus, it was considered that blue and green light having a wavelength of 400 to 560 nm promoted the floating behavior of larvae, increased the cleaved space rate, and decreased the rate of malformation. In other words, even if the floating mortality rate is high, the total cost can be kept low for seedling production if the cleaved space rate increases and the malformation rate decreases.
<3.摂餌量と成長に及ぼす各種波長光の影響>
クエ仔魚を200L水槽に収容し、光条件の異なる環境下で10日間飼育した。白色LED光を照射した水槽を対照区とし、同様の白色LEDに紫外線LED光(UV−A,波長315〜399nm)を加えた試験区を2槽ずつ設けて、ワムシ摂餌数と試験終了時の仔魚の全長を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
<3. Effects of various wavelengths of light on food intake and growth>
The cucumber larvae were housed in a 200 L water tank and bred for 10 days in an environment with different light conditions. The control tank is a water tank irradiated with white LED light, and two test sections are prepared by adding ultraviolet LED light (UV-A, wavelength 315 to 399 nm) to the same white LED. The total length of the larvae was measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
表5を参照して、白色LED光に紫外線LED光を混ぜた場合の方が、1尾当たりの摂餌数も10日間での成長も白色LED光だけの場合より増えていた。 Referring to Table 5, when the ultraviolet LED light was mixed with the white LED light, the number of feeds per fish and the growth in 10 days were also increased compared to the case of the white LED light alone.
次にクロマグロの仔魚で同様に実験を行った。すなわち、白色蛍光灯光を照射した水槽を対照区とし、同様の白色蛍光灯に紫外線蛍光灯(UV−AおよびUV−B、280−399nm)を加えた試験区を3槽ずつ設けて、ワムシの摂餌数と試験終了時の全長を比較した。その結果を表6に示す。 Next, a similar experiment was conducted with bluefin tuna larvae. That is, a water tank irradiated with white fluorescent lamp light is used as a control section, and three test sections each having ultraviolet fluorescent lamps (UV-A and UV-B, 280-399 nm) added to the same white fluorescent lamp are provided. The number of food intake was compared with the total length at the end of the study. The results are shown in Table 6.
表6を参照して、クエ仔魚と同様に白色光に紫外線光を加えることで、クロマグロ仔魚の摂餌数が著しく促進され、全長も長く、大きく成長した。 Referring to Table 6, by adding ultraviolet light to white light in the same manner as the cucumber larvae, the number of bluefin tuna larvae was remarkably promoted, and the total length was long and grew greatly.
以上のように、難種苗生産魚類であるクエ類やマグロ類の成長を促進させるには、紫外線を使用するのが効果的であることがわかった。また、浮上行動を促進させる光は波長400〜560nmの青色から緑色の光であることがわかった。 As described above, it has been found that ultraviolet rays are effective for promoting the growth of cues and tuna, which are difficult-to-seedling production fish. In addition, it was found that the light that promotes the ascent behavior is blue to green light having a wavelength of 400 to 560 nm.
日齢が若いうちに浮上行動を促進させると浮上死の確率は高くなるが、鰾開腔を失敗することで成長してから奇形が生じる方が種苗生産としてのコストロスは大きい。したがって、日齢が若いうちに浮上行動を促進させ、鰾開腔率を上げた方がトータルコストを抑えることができる。 Promoting ascent behavior while the age is young increases the probability of levitation death, but the cost loss for seedling production is greater when malformations occur after growth through failure of the cleaving cavity. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the total cost by promoting the ascent behavior while the age is young and increasing the cleavage space rate.
したがって、紫外線を使った育成を行いながら、日齢の若いうちに400〜560nmの波長の光を1〜5日間にわたって1乃至24時間照射することを行うことでこれらの魚類の生産性を高めることができる。 Therefore, increasing the productivity of these fishes by irradiating light with a wavelength of 400 to 560 nm for 1 to 24 days over 1 to 5 days while growing up using ultraviolet rays. Can do.
本発明に係る飼育方法は、難種苗生産魚種と言われるマグロ類、ブリ類、ハタ類等の飼育に好適に利用できるが、それ以外の魚類に対しても利用することができる。 The breeding method according to the present invention can be suitably used for breeding tuna, yellowtails, groupers and the like, which are said to be difficult-to-seedling production fish species, but can also be used for other fish.
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