JP2018135735A - Membrane roof unit and membrane roof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a membrane roof unit and membrane roof structure which do not need any power and structure for introducing tension in an opening/closing shaft right-angled direction, can generate tension in an opening/closing shaft direction and the opening/closing shaft right-angled direction to a membrane roof with simple structure, and any wrinkles do not occur in the membrane roof when folding, and the tension can be introduced to the membrane roof even during opening and closing, in order to solve the problem in the prior art.SOLUTION: A membrane roof unit according to the present application comprises an openable membrane roof structure, and includes a "fixation beam" disposed in an opening and closing shaft right-angled direction and a "roof membrane material" composed of plural partial roof membrane materials. The partial roof membrane material composing of the roof membrane material has a first end portion at one end when viewing in the opening/closing shaft direction, a second end portion at the other end, and an inward folded portion at the central part, and the length of the first end portion and the second end portion is formed longer than that of the inward folded portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an openable / closable roof structure, and more specifically, a membrane roof unit that generates tension in an opening / closing axis direction and a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis on a stretched membrane roof, and a membrane roof structure using the same Technology.

  Facilities that house a large number of spectators, such as stadiums and event venues, may be roofed so that they can be carried out in the rain. In addition, an increasing number of facilities use an openable roof so that competition and the like can be carried out in a natural environment when the weather is good. In the case of an openable / closable roof, it is desirable to have a structure that can be stored compactly in an open state (a state in which the roof is opened) and that can be developed into various shapes in a closed state (a state in which the roof is closed). For this reason, roof materials that can be used as openable roofs are limited, and membrane materials that can be deformed relatively freely are mainly used.

  Opening and closing type membrane roofs are designed and expected to have strength and strength if the membrane is damaged or buckled when subjected to strong winds or when rain or snow accumulates if there are wrinkles or depressions (ponding) during its extension. May not be demonstrated. In order not to cause wrinkles or dents on the membrane roof, it is necessary to apply a predetermined tension (generally about 200 kgf / m) to the membrane roof at the time of expansion. However, it is relatively easy to introduce tension in the direction in which the membrane roof opens and closes (extends and contracts) (hereinafter referred to as the “opening and closing axis direction”), but the direction orthogonal to the opening and closing axis direction (hereinafter referred to as “opening and closing axis perpendicular”). It is not easy to introduce tension into the direction. For example, apart from the power to move the membrane roof in the opening / closing axis direction (that is, to introduce tension in the opening / closing axis direction), it is also possible to use power and structure for introducing tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis. This is very laborious and costly. Therefore, the conventional open / close membrane roof only has to introduce tension in the opening / closing axis direction, that is, omits the introduction of tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, and thus has a problem that wrinkles and dents remain during expansion. Furthermore, in the case of a conventional open / close membrane roof, the direction of the opening / closing axis as well as the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis during the transition from the closed state to the open state or from the open state to the closed state (hereinafter referred to as “opening / closing”). In addition, there was a problem that tension could not be introduced. For this reason, the actual situation is that the opening / closing operation is permitted only under certain limited conditions (for example, a state of no wind to light wind).

  Therefore, in Patent Document 1, by pulling the membrane roof downward with an up-and-down tension material, the tensile force in the opening / closing axis direction is introduced, and the lower end portions of the V-shaped frames on both sides inclined inward are connected with a wire. A membrane roof structure that introduces a tensile force perpendicular to the opening and closing axis is proposed.

Japanese Patent No. 5711419

  The invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses only power for moving the membrane roof in the opening / closing axis direction, that is, without providing power or a structure for introducing tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, This is a very rational technology that can generate tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening and closing axis. On the other hand, the present invention requires a slightly complicated structure such as a vertical tension member, V-shaped frames on both sides, and a wire connecting them, so it can be said that there is some room for improvement.

  By the way, the roof, which is the main structural part of the building, must in principle be incombustible. Therefore, when adopting a membrane material as a roof, it is necessary to select a nonflammable material. Membrane materials for roofs are classified into types A and B using glass fabric as the base fabric, types C using the base fabric as synthetic fibers, and tent warehouses. Of these, types A and B are non-combustible materials. . That is, A type membrane material or B type membrane material is selected for the roof. For example, Tokyo Dome, which was constructed in 1988, uses Type A film material, and has maintained its sufficient function and strength for over 20 years.

  However, since the A-type or B-type film material uses glass fiber as the base fabric, it cannot withstand excessive deformation such as strong wrinkles. However, in the case of a membrane roof having an arch shape in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, wrinkles that could not be avoided have occurred at the lower end (folded portion) of the folded membrane roof. When focusing on the folded part of the membrane roof and comparing the folded time and folded time, the folded part position is usually lower when folded than when stretched, so the curvature of the folded part is lower than when folded. Becomes larger (the radius becomes shorter), and therefore the dimension (length) of the folded portion becomes smaller (shorter) when folded than when stretched. For this reason, if the folded portion is designed with the dimensions at the time of expansion, the dimensions are left excessive when folded, and this causes wrinkles.

  The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, that is, no power or structure for introducing tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis is required, and the opening / closing axis direction and opening / closing of the membrane roof with a simple structure. A membrane roof unit, which can generate tension in a direction perpendicular to the axis, does not cause wrinkles on the membrane roof even when folded, and can introduce tension to the membrane roof even during opening and closing, and a membrane roof structure Is to provide.

  The invention of the present application introduces a tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis at the time of expansion by making the dimension of the middle folded part (folded part) of the roof membrane material smaller (shorter) than both ends thereof, and at the time of folding accompanying a change in dimension This invention has been developed with a focus on avoiding the wrinkles of the present invention, and is an invention made based on an unconventional idea.

  The membrane roof unit of the present invention constitutes an openable membrane roof structure, and includes a “fixing beam” arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis and a “roof membrane material” composed of a plurality of partial roof membrane materials. Is. The partial roof membrane material constituting the roof membrane material has a first end portion at one end when viewed in the opening / closing axis direction, a second end portion at the other end, and a folded portion at the center portion, and the first end portion And the length of the second end portion is longer than the length of the bent portion. The roof membrane material is formed by arranging a plurality of partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis and further connecting adjacent partial roof membrane materials. In the roof membrane material in which a plurality of partial roof membrane materials are connected, the entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous and the entire second portion where the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous. An overall middle folded portion in which the end portion and the middle folded portion of the partial roof membrane material are continuous is formed. And the whole 1st edge part and whole 2nd edge part of a roof membrane material are each fixed to a fixing beam. When the distance between the two anchoring beams for fixing the roof membrane material is shortened, the roof membrane material is folded at the whole middle folding portion. On the other hand, when the distance between the two anchoring beams increases, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate tension in the opening / closing axis direction, and the entire folded portion is stretched to generate tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis. The tension in two directions, that is, the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, occurs.

  In the membrane roof unit of the present invention, when the roof membrane material is folded at the whole middle folded portion, the end portion (the whole first end portion and the whole second end portion) and the whole middle folded portion are substantially the same (including the same). ) In the shape of a substantially arc (including an arc) centered on the point (that is, a concentric arc shape).

  In the membrane roof unit of the present invention, the outer end portions (perpendicular to the opening / closing axis) of the partial roof membrane material arranged at both ends (perpendicular to the opening / closing axis) among the plurality of partial roofing membrane materials forming the roof membrane material are substantially It can also be the shape of an arc (including an arc).

  In the membrane roof unit of the present invention, the roof membrane material may be fixed to the fixing beam after the tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis is introduced to the entire first end portion and the entire second end portion of the roof membrane material. it can.

  In the membrane roof unit of the present invention, a plurality of partial roof membrane materials are arranged such that the warp direction is the opening / closing axis direction and the weft direction is the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction, and the partial roof membrane materials are arranged in the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction. By connecting, a roof membrane material may be formed.

  The membrane roof structure of the present invention is an open / close type, a plurality of “fixing beams” arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, and a “roof membrane material” installed between two fixing beams facing the opening / closing axis direction, and fixing The structure includes a “drive mechanism” that moves the beam in the opening / closing axis direction. The partial roof membrane material constituting the roof membrane material has a first end portion at one end when viewed in the opening / closing axis direction, a second end portion at the other end, and a folded portion at the center portion, and the first end portion And the length of the second end portion is longer than the length of the bent portion. The roof membrane material is formed by arranging a plurality of partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis and further connecting adjacent partial roof membrane materials. In the roof membrane material in which a plurality of partial roof membrane materials are connected, the entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous and the entire second portion where the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous. An overall middle folded portion in which the end portion and the middle folded portion of the partial roof membrane material are continuous is formed. And the whole 1st edge part and whole 2nd edge part of a roof membrane material are each fixed to a fixing beam. When the distance between the two fixing beams for fixing the roof membrane material is reduced by moving by the driving mechanism, the roof membrane material is folded at the whole middle folding portion. On the other hand, when the distance between the two anchoring beams increases, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate tension in the opening / closing axis direction, and the entire folded portion is stretched to generate tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis. The tension in two directions, that is, the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, is generated.

  In the membrane roof structure of the present invention, the rigidity of the end fixing beam arranged at the end (in the opening / closing axis direction) of the plurality of fixing beams is higher than the rigidity of the intermediate fixing beam (fixing beams excluding the end fixing beam). It can also be large. Note that the intermediate fixing beam can fix the end portions (the entire first end portion or the entire second end portion) of two roof membrane materials adjacent to each other in the opening / closing axis direction.

The membrane roof unit and the membrane roof structure of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) There is no need to prepare power and structure for introducing tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (apart from the power to open and close the membrane roof), and no special members such as vertical tension members and V-shaped frames are required. It has a simple structure, that is, a simpler and lighter structure than the prior art, and can generate tension in the opening / closing axis direction and the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction to the roof membrane material.
(2) Since the roof membrane material is not wrinkled not only when it is stretched but also folded, the strength expected at the time of design is sufficiently exerted, and there is no possibility that the roof membrane material will be damaged or buckled.
(3) Since tension in two directions is introduced into the film material, it is possible to prevent wrinkles, loosening, and fluttering that occur during use. For this reason, it is possible to employ not only the C-type film material but also the A-type and B-type film materials that are vulnerable to wrinkles.
(4) By fixing the entire first end and the entire second end to the fixing beam in a state where the tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis is introduced, the tension is introduced into the roof membrane material even when folded. As a result, even when subjected to an external force such as a strong wind during folding, it is not easily deformed, and breakage and buckling can be suppressed. Furthermore, since tension can be introduced into the membrane roof even during opening and closing, the opening and closing operation can be performed under conditions that are stricter (eg, in a state other than strong wind) compared to the conventional case.
(5) In the prior art, the width in the opening / closing axis direction of the membrane roof unit (that is, the width between the fixing beams) depends on the width of the membrane material product (that is, the roll width). For example, it could not be wider than about 3.5 m). On the other hand, according to the present invention, since the partial roof membrane material is used, the width between the fixing beams can be made wider than the roll width, and as a result, the width between the fixing beams can be freely designed.

The top view which looked at the whole opening-and-closing type roof from the upper part. The top view which looked at the membrane roof of the extended state from the upper part. The perspective view which looked at the opening-and-closing axis direction of the membrane roof unit of the extended state in general. The side view which looked at the opening-and-closing axis direction of the roof membrane material of the folded state. (A) is a top view which shows the partial roof membrane material in the extended state, (b) is the side view which looked at the partial roof membrane material in the folded state in the opening-closing axis direction. The top view which shows the roof membrane material of the membrane roof unit of the extended state. (A) is a model figure which shows the roof membrane material of the membrane roof unit of the folded state, (b) is a model figure which shows the roof membrane material of the membrane roof unit of the state which was extended. (A) is the side view and sectional drawing which show the state by which the conventional membrane material was folded, (b) is the side view and sectional drawing which shows the state by which the membrane roof unit of this invention was folded. (A) is a partial side view which shows the whole upper end part of the state before extending, (b) is a partial side view which shows the whole upper end part of the state after extending. (A) is a top view which shows the warp TL and the weft TS which comprise a film | membrane material, (b) is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the warp TL and the weft TS which comprise a film | membrane material. (A) is a top view which shows arrangement | positioning of the conventional membrane material, (b) is a top view which shows the roof membrane material which used the warp direction as the opening-and-closing axis direction.

  An example of an embodiment of a membrane roof unit of the present invention and a membrane roof structure will be described with reference to the drawings.

1. Opening / Closing Mechanism FIG. 1 is a plan view of the entire opening / closing roof as viewed from above. This figure shows a state in which the membrane roof 100 is moving in the direction of the arrow (downward in the figure), that is, from the open state (the state where the roof is opened) to the closed state (the state where the roof is closed). It shows the stage in the middle. A traveling rail such as a wire is laid in the opening / closing axis direction in the opening, and the membrane roof 100 moves as a result of the driving mechanism such as a winch pulling the membrane roof 100 disposed on the traveling rail. A part can be made into an open state, or can be made into a closed state. In this figure, the structure in which the membrane roof 100 expands and contracts from one end (upper in the figure) is shown, but not limited to this, the structure in which two sets of membrane roofs 100 extend and contract from both ends (from the top and bottom in the figure). It is also possible to use a so-called double-open structure. Further, here, for convenience, the “opening / closing axis direction”, which is the direction in which the membrane roof 100 expands and contracts (opening / closing direction), is represented by the X axis, and the “opening / closing axis perpendicular direction” orthogonal to the opening / closing axis direction is represented by the Y axis. .

2. Membrane Roof FIG. 2 is a plan view of the stretched membrane roof 100 as viewed from above. As shown in this figure, the membrane roof 100 is formed by connecting a plurality (10 in the figure) of membrane roof units 200 in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction). The membrane roof unit 200 is composed of two fixing beams 210 disposed at the end in the opening / closing axis direction and a roof membrane material 220 provided therebetween, and more specifically, the end of the roof membrane material 220 in the opening / closing axis direction. The membrane roof unit 200 is formed by fixing the portions to the fixing beam 210.

  That the membrane roof 100 is formed of a plurality of membrane roof units 200 means that a plurality of fixing beams 210 are arranged on the membrane roof 100 as shown in FIG. Among them, one of the fixing beams 210 (hereinafter referred to as “end fixing beam 211”) arranged at both ends in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction) is fixed at the end of the opening. On the other side (lower end in the figure), a pulling wire of the drive mechanism is fixed. Therefore, it is preferable that the end fixing beam 211 has a truss shape in which shape steel is assembled so as to ensure a considerable rigidity. On the other hand, other fixing beams 210 (hereinafter referred to as “intermediate fixing beam 211”) except for the end fixing beam 211 may be fixed to the roof membrane material 220, and may be relatively (such as end portions) such as channel steel and angle steel. It can be formed of a member having a small rigidity (from the fixing beam 211).

  In FIG. 2, one intermediate fixing beam 211 fixes two adjacent roof membrane materials 220 (up and down in the figure). As described above, the membrane roof unit 200 may be connected by using the intermediate fixing beam 211 of the adjacent membrane roof unit 200 as one intermediate fixing beam 211, and two membrane roof units 200 may be connected to each other. An intermediate fixing beam 211 may be provided and adjacent intermediate fixing beams 211 may be connected to each other.

3. Membrane Roof Unit FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the stretched membrane roof unit 200 as viewed generally in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction). When the entire openable / closable roof has an arch shape in the direction perpendicular to the open / close axis (Y-axis direction), the membrane roof unit 200 also has an arch shape in the direction perpendicular to the open / close axis as shown in FIG. Specifically, when the fixing beam 210 and the roof membrane material 220 are viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, the center portion is lifted upward from the both ends, so to speak, an upwardly convex arc shape (arch shape). Become.

  FIG. 4 is a side view of the folded roof membrane material 220 in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction). As shown in this figure, the roof membrane material 220 is composed of a plurality (five in the figure) of partial roof membrane materials 230. Specifically, the plurality of partial roof membrane materials 230 are perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction). The roof membrane material 220 is formed by connecting the adjacent partial roof membrane materials 230 to each other. In addition, various methods conventionally used, such as stitching and welding, can be employed for the connection between the partial roof membrane materials 230.

(Partial roof membrane material)
5A and 5B are views showing the partial roof membrane material 230, where FIG. 5A is a plan view showing a stretched state, and FIG. 5B is a side view of the folded state seen in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction). is there. As shown to Fig.5 (a), the partial roof membrane material 230 has a width | variety as the both ends of an opening-and-closing axis direction are wide, and has the shape where the width | variety is the narrowest in the center part. Here, both end portions (upper and lower line segments in the figure) of the partial roof membrane material 230 are “upper end portions 231”, and the center portion (line segment indicated by a broken line in the figure) is “middle”. The folded portion 232 and both end portions (left and right line segments in the figure) in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction) are referred to as “left and right end portions 233”. Further, in order to distinguish the two upper end portions 231, one (upper in the figure) is a “first end 231 a”, the other (lower in the figure) is a “second end 231 b”, and two left and right end portions 233. One (left side in the figure) is referred to as a “left end part 233a”, and the other (right side in the figure) is referred to as a “right end part 233b”.

  As described above, the partial roof membrane material 230 has a shape that is wider at both ends in the opening / closing axis direction and has the narrowest width at the center portion, that is, the dimension (length) of the middle folding portion 232 is smaller (shorter) than the upper end portion 231. It has become. And as shown in FIG.5 (b), the partial roof membrane material 230 can be folded in the middle folding part 232, and the two upper ends 231 (the 1st edge part 231a and the 2nd edge part 231b) overlap in that state. .

(Whole roof membrane material)
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the roof membrane material 220 in a stretched state. As described above, when a plurality of partial roof membrane materials 230 are connected in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction), a series of roof membrane materials 220 are formed as shown in this figure. The roof membrane material 220 has an “overall upper end portion 221” in which the upper end portion 231 of the partial roof membrane material 230 is continuous at both ends in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction), and the partial roof membrane material 230 at the center in the opening / closing axis direction. A “whole folding part 222” is formed in which the middle folding parts 232 are continuous. In this case as well, in order to distinguish the two upper end portions 221, one (upper in the figure) is called “overall first end 221 a” and the other (lower in the figure) is called “overall second end 221 b”. And

  As shown in FIG. 6, among the partial roof membrane materials 230 constituting the roof membrane material 220, with respect to the partial roof membrane material 230 disposed at the end in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction), the other partial roof membranes Similarly to the material 230, the shape can be linear, and the left and right end portions 233 (outside only) can be arcuate (arched). Specifically, the left end portion 233a of the partial roof membrane material 230 disposed at the left end and the right end portion 233b of the partial roof membrane material 230 disposed at the right end are each formed into an arch shape as shown in FIG. is there. The end of the roof membrane material 220 (in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis) is not fixed to the fixing beam 210, so wrinkles tend to concentrate during expansion or folding. The inventors have found that wrinkles are less likely to occur during both stretching and folding.

  By the way, when the partial roof membrane material 230 is viewed as a single piece, it has a planar shape as shown in FIG. 5A, and therefore, the expanded partial roof membrane material 230 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction). However, a gap (broken line shown in FIG. 6) is formed between the adjacent partial roof membrane materials 230, more specifically, between the left end portion 233a and the other right end portion 233b, and it is difficult to connect them. . However, if the membrane roof unit 200 has an arch shape in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, it is rather easy to connect the partial roof membrane material 230 shown in FIG. The partial roof membrane material 230 having a shape as shown in FIG. 5A is arranged in the folded state perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (that is, the shape of the membrane roof unit 200) becomes an arch shape (perpendicular to the opening / closing axis). At this time, as can be seen from FIG. 4, there is no gap between the adjacent partial roof membrane materials 230. That is, if the partial roof membrane material 230 in the folded state is arranged after being arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis, it can be easily connected.

  In addition to the shape shown in FIG. 5A, the partial roof membrane material 230 has, for example, an upper end portion 231 and a middle bent portion 232 of the partial roof membrane material 230 each having an arch shape, and a completed roof membrane material 220 is also shown in FIG. 4 so that the bent portion 232 has a shorter radius (larger curvature) than the upper end portion 231, that is, the dimension (length) of the bent portion 232 is smaller (shorter) than the upper end portion 231. You can also In this case, the membrane roof unit 200 has a relatively clean arch shape with continuous curves. On the other hand, the roof membrane material 220 in which the vertical roof partial membrane materials 230 shown in FIG. 5A are connected is strictly polygonal, but it can be said to have a substantially arch shape in the overall view. In any case, in the present invention, the partial roof membrane material 230 is cut and created in consideration of the folded shape (dimension), so that the connection between the partial roof membrane materials 230 is facilitated, and the roof membrane material 220 is formed. As a matter of course, the roof membrane material 220 is not wrinkled.

(Introduction of tension during stretching)
FIG. 7 is a model diagram showing that the dimension (length) of the entire middle folded portion 222 of the roof membrane material 220 changes between the expanded state and the folded state, and (a) shows the roof membrane in the folded state. The material 220 is shown, and (b) shows the roof membrane material 220 in a stretched state. 7 (a) and 7 (b) both show a perspective view as viewed generally in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction) at the top, and a side model view as viewed in the opening / closing axis direction at the bottom.

  Looking at the side model diagram (lower view) of FIG. 7 (a), the overall upper end 221 and the overall center folded portion 222 of the roof membrane material 220 are arc shapes (arch shapes) centered on the same point, That is, it is a concentric arc. Therefore, in the folded state, the radius of the entire middle folded portion 222 is smaller than the upper end portion 221 (that is, the curvature is large), and the dimension (length) of the entire middle folded portion 222 is smaller (shorter) than the entire upper end portion 221. It has become.

  On the other hand, when the side model diagram (lower view) of FIG. 7B is viewed, the overall upper end 221 and the overall folded portion 222 of the roof membrane material 220 substantially coincide with each other. This is because, as the roof membrane material 220 is expanded, the entire middle folded portion 222 that has been positioned below is lifted up to the position of the upper end portion 221, and as a result, the radius of the entire middle folded portion 222 is increased. This is a result of being stretched until it is substantially equal to 221 and the size (length) of the entire middle folded portion 222 is substantially the same as that of the entire upper end 221. Then, the tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction) is introduced into the roof membrane material 220 by extending the whole middle folded portion 222.

  When the distance between the two fixing beams 210 for fixing the roof membrane material 220 is widened and the roof membrane material 220 is expanded in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction), naturally, the tension in the opening / closing axis direction is introduced into the roof membrane material 220. The Furthermore, tension is also introduced in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis by stretching the entire middle bent portion 222 in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction). In other words, according to the present invention, the opening / closing axis direction and the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction to the roof membrane material 220 are simply increased by widening the distance between the two fixing beams 210 constituting the membrane roof unit 200 (that is, the membrane roof unit 200 is expanded). Thus, the tension in the two directions can be generated.

(Introducing tension when folding)
Up to this point, the introduction of tension during stretching has been described. Here, introduction of tension at the time of folding will be described. FIG. 8 is a model diagram for explaining the tension at the time of folding, in which (a) is a side view and a sectional view showing a state in which a conventional membrane material Fm is folded, and (b) is a membrane roof unit of the present invention. It is the side view and sectional drawing which show the state by which 200 was folded. As shown in the cross-sectional view (right diagram) of FIG. 8A, the conventional film material Fm is fixed to the support material Br without applying any special force, so that it naturally hangs down when it is folded. No force other than the weight of the film material Fm is applied. In such a state, if a load due to a strong wind is received or rain or snow accumulates, the film material Fm may be damaged or buckled.

  Accordingly, the inventors of the present application have come up with the idea of introducing tension to the roof membrane material 220 even when folded, in order to prevent damage due to strong winds, rain, or the like. Then, by introducing a tension (hereinafter referred to as “upper tension”) in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction) in the vicinity of the entire upper end 221, the tension is introduced into the roof membrane material 220 even when folded. I found it. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  When the whole first end portion 221a is fixed to the fixing beam 210 in a stretched state, and similarly the whole second end portion 221b is fixed to the fixing beam 210 in a stretched state, an upper tension is introduced in the vicinity of the entire upper end portion 221. The At this time, as can be seen from the side view (left view) and the cross-sectional view (right view) of FIG. 8B, the entire middle folded portion 222 has an arch shape with the central portion at the apex, and is lifted upward as a whole. ing. Compared with the conventional film material Fm shape indicated by a broken line, it can be more clearly understood that the entire middle folded portion 222 is raised. As described above, the upper tension is introduced in the vicinity of the entire upper end 221, and the overall folded portion 222 rises in an arch shape. As a result, the tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis is introduced to the entire roof membrane material 220. . If tension is introduced into the roof membrane material 220 even during folding, it is not easily deformed even when subjected to an external force such as a strong wind during folding, and damage and buckling can be suppressed, which is extremely suitable. In addition, as described above, the conventional open / close type membrane roof has a problem that tension cannot be introduced in the opening / closing axis direction and the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction in the middle of opening / closing, but the upper tension is introduced. According to the roof membrane material 220, tension can be introduced in the direction of the opening / closing axis and in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis even during the opening and closing, so that the roof membrane material 220 can be kept stable even during the opening and closing. The opening / closing operation can be performed even under relatively severe conditions (for example, a state other than strong wind).

  In order to introduce upper tension in the vicinity of the entire upper end 221, that is, in order to fix each of the entire first end 221 a and the entire second end 221 b to the fixing beam 210, for example, the method shown in FIG. 9 is used. Can be adopted. FIG. 9A is a partial side view showing the entire upper end 221 in a state before stretching, and FIG. 9B is a partial side view showing the entire upper end 221 in a state after stretching. The “insertion hole” shown in this figure is a small hole for inserting a bolt. In this case, the fixing beam 210 and the entire upper end 221 are sewn and fixed with a bolt.

  As shown in FIG. 9A, before the entire upper end 221 is stretched, the distance between the bolt insertion holes in the entire first end 221a (the entire second end 221b) is larger than the distance between the insertion holes in the fixing beam 210. It is getting shorter. In order to align the insertion hole of the fixing beam 210 and the insertion hole of the entire first end 221a (overall second end 221b), as shown in FIG. 9B, the entire first end 221a (overall) It is necessary to extend the second end portion 221b) in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction). In this state, if the fixing beam 210 and the entire upper end 221 are sewn and fixed with bolts, the state in which the upper tension is introduced in the vicinity of the entire upper end 221 is maintained.

(Arrangement direction of roof membrane material)
In general, the membrane material is generally produced by weaving warp and weft. FIG. 10 is a view showing the warp TL and the weft TS constituting the membrane material, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a partial cross-sectional view. As shown in this figure, the warp TL and the weft TS are orthogonal to each other, and the weft TS is sewn while crossing the warp TL up and down. Since the membrane material has such a structure, it has a characteristic that it is weaker in the force in the weft TS direction than in the warp TL direction.

  By the way, the membrane material is formed in a roll shape whose longitudinal direction is the warp yarn TL direction. Therefore, when the membrane roof is formed, the warp TL direction is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction), which is the longitudinal direction of the membrane roof, because of good workability. However, a greater force is applied to the open / close membrane roof in the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction) than in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis (Y-axis direction). In other words, the conventional open / close membrane roof has a structurally weak weft TS direction as the open / close axis direction as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the roof membrane material 220 of the present invention is formed by connecting the partial roof membrane material 230 in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis. And the partial roof membrane material 230 does not have a deviated longitudinal direction, and therefore there is no great difference in workability even if the opening / closing axis direction or the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction is the warp TL direction. Therefore, in the roof membrane material 220 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11B, the warp TL direction is the opening / closing axis direction (X-axis direction), and the weft TS direction is the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction (Y-axis direction). Even if the partial roof membrane material 230 is arranged and formed as described above, the workability is not affected. By connecting the partial roof membrane material 230 having the structurally strong warp TL direction as the opening / closing axis direction, the roof membrane material 220 can resist a relatively large force in the opening / closing axis direction.

  The membrane roof unit and the membrane roof structure of the invention of the present application are various stadiums such as baseball stadiums, soccer stadiums, athletic stadiums, entertainment facilities for performing various events including concerts, complex facilities capable of performing sports and concerts, etc. Or, it can be used in large-scale factories, commercial facilities with arcades, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Membrane roof 200 Membrane roof unit 210 Anchor beam 211 End anchor beam 212 Intermediate anchor beam 220 Roof membrane material 221 (Upper roof material) Overall upper end 221a (Roof membrane material) Overall first end 221b (Roof membrane material) Of the second end portion 222 (of the roof membrane material) 230 of the whole middle folded portion 230 partial roof membrane material 231 upper end portion 231a (of the partial roof membrane material) first end portion 231b (partial roof membrane material) Second end portion 232 (of the partial roof membrane material) Middle folded portion 233 (Partial roof membrane material) Left and right end portion 233a (Partial roof membrane material) Left end portion 233b (Partial roof membrane material) Right end portion Br Conventional support material Fm Conventional film material TL Film material warp TS Film material weft

Claims (7)

In the membrane roof unit constituting the openable membrane roof structure,
A fixing beam arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening and closing axis, and a roof membrane material composed of a plurality of partial roof membrane materials,
The partial roof membrane material has a first end at one end in the opening / closing axis direction, a second end at the other end in the opening / closing axis direction, and a bent portion at the center in the opening / closing axis direction, and the first end and The length of the second end is formed to be longer than the length of the bent portion,
The roof membrane material is formed by arranging a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis and connecting the adjacent partial roof membrane materials.
The roof membrane material in which a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials are connected includes an entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous, and the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material. Are formed, and the entire second end portion is formed, and the entire folded portion in which the folded portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous,
The overall first end and the overall second end of the roof membrane material are each fixed to the fixing beam,
When the space between the two fixing beams for fixing the roof membrane material shrinks, the roof membrane material is folded at the whole middle folding portion,
When the space between the two fixing beams for fixing the roof membrane material is widened, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate a tension in the opening / closing axis direction, and a tension in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis is generated by stretching the entire middle folding portion. ,
A membrane roof unit characterized by that. When the roof membrane material is folded at the whole middle folding part, the whole first end part and the whole second end part and the whole middle folding part are arcs or centers substantially around the same or substantially the same point. The shape of an arc,
The membrane roof unit according to claim 1. Of the plurality of partial roof membrane materials forming the roof membrane material, the partial roof membrane material arranged at both ends in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis is an arc or a substantially arc-shaped outer end portion in the direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis. Is,
The membrane roof unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above-mentioned. The entire first end portion and the entire second end portion of the roof membrane material are fixed to the fixing beam in a state where a tension in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis is introduced, respectively.
The membrane roof unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the membrane roof unit is provided. The roof membrane material is formed by connecting a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials arranged so that the warp direction is the opening / closing axis direction and the weft direction is the opening / closing axis perpendicular direction. ,
The membrane roof unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the membrane roof unit is provided. In the openable membrane roof structure,
A plurality of fixing beams arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis; a roof membrane material installed between the two fixing beams facing in the opening / closing axis direction; and a drive mechanism for moving the fixing beams in the opening / closing axis direction. ,
The roof membrane material comprises a plurality of partial roof membrane materials,
The partial roof membrane material has a first end at one end in the opening / closing axis direction, a second end at the other end in the opening / closing axis direction, and a bent portion at the center in the opening / closing axis direction, and the first end and The length of the second end is formed to be longer than the length of the bent portion,
The roof membrane material is formed by arranging a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening / closing axis and connecting the adjacent partial roof membrane materials.
The roof membrane material in which a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials are connected includes an entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous, and the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material. Are formed, and the entire second end portion is formed, and the entire folded portion in which the folded portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous,
The overall first end and the overall second end of the roof membrane material are each fixed to the fixing beam,
When the space between the two fixing beams facing each other in the opening / closing axis direction by moving by the driving mechanism contracts, the roof membrane material is folded at the whole middle folding portion,
When the space between the two fixing beams facing each other in the opening / closing axis direction is expanded by moving by the driving mechanism, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate tension in the opening / closing axis direction, and the entire bent portion is stretched to open / close the roof membrane material. A tension in the direction perpendicular to the axis occurs.
A membrane roof structure characterized by that. The rigidity of the end fixing beam arranged at the end in the opening / closing axis direction among the plurality of fixing beams is larger than the rigidity of the intermediate fixing beam excluding the end fixing beam among the plurality of fixing beams,
The membrane roof structure according to claim 6, wherein the intermediate fixing beam fixes the entire first end portion or the entire second end portion of the two roof membrane materials adjacent to each other in the opening / closing axis direction.

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